人教版八年级上册英语unit3知识点及习题

同学们，当我们迈入八年级上册英语的学习，Unit3无疑是一个充满趣味与挑战的单元。这个单元围绕“人与他人的异同”展开，核心在于比较级的运用以及如何描述人物的性格与能力。扎实掌握本单元的知识点，不仅能帮助我们更好地进行日常交流，也为后续更复杂的语法学习奠定基础。下面，我们就一同梳理本单元的重点知识，并通过习题加以巩固。一、核心词汇与短语词汇是语言的基石，本单元的词汇多与描述人物特征和行为方式相关。1.重点形容词：*`outgoing`(外向的)：Sheismoreoutgoingthanhersister.*`both`(两个都)：Bothofthemaregoodatswimming.(注意：both后接可数名词复数或代词宾格)*`better`(更好的/地，good/well的比较级)：Hesingsbetterthanme.*`loudly`(大声地)：Theytalkloudlyinthelibrary.(副词，修饰动词)*`quietly`(安静地)：Pleasespeakquietly.*`hard-working`(勤奋的)：Mycousinisahard-workingstudent.*`lazy`(懒惰的)*`smart`(聪明的)/`clever`(聪明的)*`serious`(严肃的；认真的)*`friendly`(友好的)*`shy`(害羞的)*`similar`(相似的)：besimilarto...(与……相似)*`different`(不同的)：bedifferentfrom...(与……不同)2.重点动词及短语：*`care`(关心)：careabout(关心；在意)：Shereallycaresaboutherfriends.*`laugh`(笑)：laughat(嘲笑)：It'snotpolitetolaughatothers.*`reach`(伸手；到达)*`touch`(感动；触摸)*`break`(打破；损坏)*`share`(分享)：sharesth.withsb.(与某人分享某物)*`aslongas`(只要；既然)：Youcangooutaslongasyoufinishyourhomework.*`begoodat`(擅长于……)：Heisgoodatplayingbasketball.*`makesb.dosth.`(使某人做某事)：Thestorymakesmelaugh.*`betalentedin`(在……方面有天赋)：Sheistalentedinmusic.二、核心句型本单元的核心句型主要围绕比较两个人或事物展开。1.形容词/副词比较级的基本句型：*A+be+形容词比较级+than+B.*Example:TomistallerthanSam.(汤姆比萨姆高。)*Example:Thisbookismoreinterestingthanthatone.(这本书比那本更有趣。)*A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B.*Example:Sherunsfasterthanme.(她跑得比我快。)*Example:Hestudiesharderthanhisbrother.(他学习比他弟弟努力。)2.询问两者中哪一个更……：*Which/Who+be+形容词比较级,AorB?*Example:Whichisbigger,theappleortheorange?(苹果和桔子，哪个更大？)*Example:Whoismoreoutgoing,LucyorLily?(露西和莉莉，谁更外向？)*Which/Who+实义动词+副词比较级,AorB?*Example:Whorunsfaster,TomorJim?(汤姆和吉姆，谁跑得更快？)3.表达“和……一样”：*A+be+as+形容词原级+as+B.(A和B一样……)*Example:Jackisastallashisfather.(杰克和他爸爸一样高。)*A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as+B.*Example:Shesingsaswellasasinger.(她唱得和歌手一样好。)4.表达“不如……”：*A+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B.(A不如B……)*Example:Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.(这个房间不如那个大。)*A+实义动词+not+as/so+副词原级+as+B.*Example:Hedoesn'tstudyas/sohardashissister.(他学习不如他姐姐努力。)三、语法要点：形容词和副词的比较级这是本单元的重中之重，务必掌握。1.规则变化：*一般单音节词和少数双音节词：*直接加-er(形容词)/-er(副词)。*tall→taller;fast→faster;hard→harder*以e结尾的词，加-r。*nice→nicer;late→later*以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i再加-er。*happy→happier;early→earlier*以“重读闭音节”结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-er。*big→bigger;thin→thinner;hot→hotter;fat→fatter*部分双音节词和多音节词：*在词前加more(形容词)/more(副词)。*outgoing→moreoutgoing;beautiful→morebeautiful;carefully→morecarefully2.不规则变化：*good/well→better*bad/badly→worse*many/much→more*little→less*far→farther(距离)/further(程度)3.比较级的常用修饰语：*much,alot,far(……得多)：Heismuchtallerthanme.*alittle,abit(……一点儿)：Thisshirtisalittlemoreexpensive.*even(甚至)：Sheisevenmorebeautifulthanbefore.四、功能意念项目1.描述人物特征：使用形容词及其比较级。*Heistallandstrong.Hisbrotheristallerbutthinner.2.比较人物异同：*Similarities(相同点):Wearebothoutgoing./Iamasfriendlyasmybestfriend.*Differences(不同点):Sheismorehard-workingthanme./Irunfasterthanhim.3.表达个人观点和偏好：*Ithinkagoodfriendmakesmelaugh.*Ilikefriendswhoarelikeme./Idon'tcareifmyfriendsarethesameasmeordifferent.五、习题精练I.词汇运用(根据句意及首字母提示补全单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空)1.Mybrotherismoreo_______thanme,sohehasmorefriends.2.Whoismoreh_______,MaryorLinda?IthinkLindastudiesharder.3.Thisstoryisveryi_______.Ilikeitverymuch.4.MybestfriendJimist_______inmusic.Hecansingverywell.5.Youdon'tneedtoworry.Asl_______asyouworkhard,youwillpasstheexam.6.Tomis_______(quiet)thanhisbrother.Healwaysspeakslittle.7.Whichis_______(big),thesunorthemoon?8.Mymotheroftentellsmenotto_______(laugh)atotherswhentheymakemistakes.9.Heisgoodat_______(swim).Heswimsveryfast.10.Mysisteris_______(outgoing)thanme,andshetalksmore.II.句型转换(按要求改写句子)1.Tomistall.Jimistaller.(合并为一句)Jimis______________Tom.2.MyEnglishisgood.HisEnglishisbetter.(合并为一句)HisEnglishis_____________________mine.3.Lucyrunsfast.Lilyrunsfaster.(合并为一句)Lilyruns______________Lucy.4.Thisredcoatis100yuan.Thatbluecoatis150yuan.(合并为一句，用cheap)Thisredcoatis______________thatbluecoat.5.Sheisfriendly.Hersisterisfriendly,too.(合并为一句，用both)______________arefriendly.III.单项选择1.Mybrotheris_______thanme.Healwaysmakesuslaugh.A.funnyB.funnierC.funniestD.morefunny2.—Whois_______,TomorMike?—Tom,Ithink.A.athleticB.moreathleticC.muchathleticD.veryathletic3.Thisbookisnot_______asthatone.Ilikethatonebetter.A.interestingB.moreinterestingC.asinterestingD.mostinteresting4.Hestudies_______thanhisbrother,sohealwaysgetsbettergrades.A.hardB.harderC.hardestD.morehard5.—Whatdoyouthinkofyournewfriend?—Sheis_______andoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.A.helpfulB.morehelpfulC.themosthelpfulD.helpfully6.Mybestfriendlikestodothesamethings_______Ido.A.forB.asC.toD.with7.Agoodfriendtruly_______aboutyou.A.caresB.careC.iscaringD.tocare8.Sheis_______outgoinggirlandeveryonelikestomakefriendswithher.A.aB.anC.theD./IV.阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。MynameisLisa.Ihavetwogoodfriends,MaryandBetty.Weareinthesameclass.MaryistallerthanBettyandme.Bettyistheshortestamongus.MaryisalsomoreoutgoingthanBetty.Bettyisalittleshy.ButBettyisthemosthard-working.Shealwaysgetsthebestgradesinourclass.IammoreoutgoingthanBetty,butlessoutgoingthanMary.Ilikeplayingbasketball,andMarylikesplayingbasketballtoo.Bettydoesn'tlikesportsverymuch.Shelikesreadingbooks.Weoftenstudytogetherafterschool.Ithinkgoodfriendsshouldhelpeachotherandsharehappiness.1.Whoisthetallestamongthethreegirls?A.LisaB.MaryC.Betty2.Whoisthemosthard-working?A.LisaB.MaryC.Betty3.Lisais_______thanMary.A.moreoutgoingB.lessoutgoingC.asoutgoing4.WhatdoesBettylikedoing?A.PlayingbasketballB.ReadingbooksC.Playingsports5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.MaryandLisabothlikeplayingbasketball.B.Bettyisshyandnothard-working.C.Theyoftenstudytogetherafterschool.V.书面表达请以"MyBestFriendandI"为题，写一篇短文，比较你和你最好的朋友的异同。要求：1.条理清晰，语句通顺，语法正确。2.至少写出3个相同点和3个不同点。3.词数60-80词左右。---参考答案与解析I.词汇运用1.outgoing2.hard-working3.interesting4.talented5.long6.quieter(quiet是单音节词，比较级直接加-er)7.bigger(big是重读闭音节，双写尾字母加-er)8.laugh(tellsb.nottodosth.)9.swimming(begoodatdoingsth.)10.moreoutgoing(outgoing是多音节词，比较级前加more)II.句型转换1.tallerthan2.betterthanmine(mine=myEnglish)3.fasterthan4.cheaperthan5.Bothofthem/Theyboth(both放be动词后，实义动词前)III.单项选择1.B(有than，用比较级，funny的比较级是funnier)2.B(两者比较，用比较级，athletic的比较级是moreathletic)3.C(notas...as...不如……)4.B(有than，用比较级，hard的比较级是harder)5.A(此处描述特征，用形容词原级)6.B(thesameas...和……一样)7.A(主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用cares)8.B(outgoing以元