2026年英语四级《阅读》考试真题(完整版)

2026年英语四级《阅读》考试真题(完整版)PartIReadingComprehension(40%)Directions:Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptof"digitaldetox"hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsasindividualsattempttoreclaimtheirmentalwell-beingfromtheclutchesofconstantconnectivity.Withsmartphonesbecominganextensionofourhands,theboundarybetweenworkandleisurehaseffectivelyvanished.Weareconstantlybombardedwithnotifications,emails,andsocialmediaupdates,creatingastateofcontinuouspartialattention.Thisphenomenonisnotmerelyannoying;researchsuggestsitcanhaveprofound(1)_______oncognitivefunctions,includingmemoryandfocus.Psychologistsarguethatthehumanbrainisnotevolutionarilydesignedtoprocesssucha(2)_______ofinformationsimultaneously.Whenweattempttomultitask,weareactuallyrapid-taskswitching,whichdrainsglucoselevelsinthebrainandleadstomentalfatigue.Consequently,manycompaniesarenowencouragingemployeestodisconnectafterhourstopreventburnout.However,the(3)_______tounplugisoftenharderthanitseems.Thefearofmissingout(FOMO)drivesmanytochecktheirdevicescompulsively,evenduringvacations.Tocombatthis,expertsrecommendsettingspecific"tech-freezones"inthehouse,suchasthediningtableorbedroom.Establishinga(4)_______wheredigitaldevicesarebannedcanhelprestoreface-to-faceinteractionsandimprovesleepquality.Sleep,inparticular,isheavily(5)_______bythebluelightemittedfromscreens,whichsuppressesmelatoninproduction.Bylimitingscreentimebeforebed,individualscan(6)_______theircircadianrhythmsandachievemorerestorativerest.Furthermore,engaginginofflinehobbieslikereading,hiking,orpaintingcanprovideanecessaryrespiteforthemind.Theseactivitiesrequireadifferentkindof(7)_______thatisoftenneglectedinourdigitallives.Theyallowfordeepworkandflowstates,whichareessentialforcreativityandproblem-solving.Ultimately,thegoalofadigitaldetoxisnotto(8)_______technologyentirely,buttodevelopahealthierrelationshipwithit.Itisabout(9)_______controloverone'sdigitalliferatherthanbeingcontrolledbyalgorithms.Bypracticingmindfulnessandintentionality,wecanensurethattechnologyservesasatoolforenhancementratherthanasourceof(10)_______.A)sheerB)influencedC)impactsD)routineE)regainF)distinctG)constantH)abandonI)regulateJ)volumeK)resistanceL)disciplineM)environmentN)distractionO)struggleSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet.Questions11to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheRiseofUrbanAgriculture:FromRooftopstoVerticalFarms[A]Astheglobalpopulationcontinuestosurge,withestimatesprojectingnearly10billionpeopleby2050,thetraditionalmodelofagriculturefacesunprecedentedchallenges.Urbanizationisconsumingarablelandatanalarmingrate,whileclimatechangedisruptsweatherpatternsessentialforfarming.Inthiscontext,urbanagriculturehasemergednotjustasahobbyforcitydwellers,butasacriticalcomponentoffuturefoodsecuritystrategies.Byintegratingfoodproductionintothebuiltenvironment,citiescanreducetheirdependenceonlongsupplychainsandmitigatetheirenvironmentalfootprint.[B]Historically,urbanfarmingwaslimitedtobackyardgardensandsmallcommunityplots.Whiletheseinitiativesfosteredcommunityspiritandprovidedfreshproduce,theirscalewastoosmalltoimpactcity-widefoodsystemssignificantly.However,thelastdecadehaswitnessedatechnologicalrevolutioninagriculture.Techniquessuchashydroponics,aeroponics,andaquaponicsallowcropstobegrownwithoutsoil,usingnutrient-richwatersolutionsinstead.Thismethodusesupto90%lesswaterthantraditionalfarming,avitaladvantageinwater-scarceregions.[C]Verticalfarmingrepresentsthepinnacleofthistechnologicalshift.Thesefacilitiesareessentiallyskyscrapersfilledwithlayersofcropsgrownundercontrolledenvironmentalconditions.Artificiallighting,oftenLED,replacessunlight,andsensorsmonitorhumidity,temperature,andCO2levelswithprecision.Theresultisasystemwherefoodcanbeproducedyear-round,regardlessoftheweatheroutside.CompanieslikeAeroFarmsandPlentyhavepioneeredlarge-scaleverticalfarmsinandaroundmajorcities,deliveringleafygreenswithinhoursofharvest.[D]Theeconomicimplicationsofverticalfarmingarecomplex.Whiletheyieldpersquarefootisexponentiallyhigherthantraditionalfarms,thesetupandoperationalcostsaresubstantial.Energyconsumptionforlightingandclimatecontrolcanbeprohibitive,makingelectricitypricesamake-or-breakfactorforprofitability.Criticsarguethatunlessrenewableenergysourcesareutilized,thecarbonfootprintofverticalfarmscouldoutweightheirbenefits.Proponents,however,counterthatasLEDtechnologybecomesmoreefficientandrenewableenergycheaper,verticalfarmingwillbecomeeconomicallyviable.[E]Despitetheeconomichurdles,thesocialbenefitsofurbanagricultureareundeniable.Accesstofresh,nutritiousfoodisoftenlimitedin"fooddeserts"—urbanareaswheregrocerystoresarescarce.Communitygardensandrooftopfarmscanfillthisgap,providingaffordableproducetoneighborhoodsthatneeditmost.Moreover,thesegreenspacesserveaseducationalhubs,teachingchildrenabouttheoriginsoftheirfoodandtheimportanceofnutrition.Inaworldincreasinglydisconnectedfromnature,thesepocketsofgreeneryreconnecturbaniteswiththebiologicalprocessesthatsustainthem.[F]Policymakersarebeginningtotakenotice.CitieslikeSingapore,whichimportsover90%ofitsfood,havelaunchedambitiousinitiativestoproduce30%oftheirnutritionalneedslocallyby2030.Zoninglawsarebeingrewrittentoallowforagriculturaluseinindustrialandresidentialzones.Taxincentivesarebeingofferedtodeveloperswhoincorporategreenhousesintotheirbuildings.Thisregulatorysupportiscrucialfortheindustrytomovefromnicheexperimentstomainstreaminfrastructure.[G]Anotherinnovativeapproachistheintegrationofagricultureintoresidentialbuildings."Agri-hoods"arehousingdevelopmentsthataredesignedaroundafunctionalfarm.Residentshaveaccesstofreshproduceandcanevenparticipateinthefarmingprocessiftheychoose.Thismodelnotonlyprovidesfoodbutalsocreatesauniquesenseofcommunityandsharedpurpose.Itchallengesthetraditionalseparationofresidentialandagriculturalzones,blendinglivingandgrowingspacesinasustainableloop.[H]However,urbanagricultureisnotasilverbulletforallfoodsecurityissues.Grainsandstaplecropslikewheatandricerequirevastamountsofspacetogrowefficientlyandareunlikelytobeviableinurbanverticalfarms.Therefore,urbanagriculturewilllikelycomplement,ratherthanreplace,ruralfarming.Thefocusforcitieswillremainonhigh-value,perishablecropslikevegetables,herbs,andfruits,whicharemostpronetospoilageduringtransport.[I]Theenvironmentaladvantagesextendbeyondjustfoodmiles.Urbanfarmscanactasgreenroofs,providinginsulationthatreducesheatingandcoolingcostsforthebuildingstheysiton.Theyalsoabsorbrainwater,reducingthestrainonurbanstormwaterdrainagesystemsandmitigatingtheriskofflooding.Byfilteringpollutantsfromtheair,thesegreenspacescontributetobetterairquality,creatingahealthierlivingenvironmentforcityresidents.[J]Inconclusion,thefutureofurbanagriculturelookspromisingbutrequiresamulti-facetedapproach.Successdependsontheconvergenceoftechnology,economics,andpolicy.Ascitiescontinuetoexpand,theintegrationoffoodproductionintotheurbanlandscapewillbeessentialforcreatingresilient,sustainable,andlivableenvironments.Itrepresentsashifttowardsacirculareconomywherewasteisminimized,andresourcesarereused,bringingthefarmclosertothetablethaneverbefore.11.Traditionalfarmingmodelsareunderthreatduetopopulationgrowthandclimatechange.12.Hydroponicsandaeroponicsaremoderntechniquesthatenablesoil-lessfarmingandsavesignificantamountsofwater.13.Verticalfarmingallowsforyear-roundfoodproductionbycontrollingenvironmentalfactorslikelightandtemperature.14.Criticspointoutthathighenergycostsmightnegatetheenvironmentalbenefitsofverticalfarmingifrenewableenergyisn'tused.15.Urbanagricultureplaysavitalroleinprovidingfreshproducetoareasknownas"fooddeserts."16.Singaporehassetspecificgoalsforlocalfoodproductiontoreduceitsrelianceonimports.17."Agri-hoods"arearesidentialmodelthatintegratesfunctioningfarmsintohousingdevelopments.18.Itisimpracticaltogrowstaplecropslikewheatandriceinurbansettingsduetospaceconstraints.19.Urbanfarmscontributetoenvironmentalhealthbyactingasinsulationandimprovingairquality.20.Theultimatesuccessofurbanagriculturereliesonthecombinedeffortsoftechnology,economicviability,andgovernmentpolicy.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedavigorousdebateregardingitsimpactontheworkforce.Whileoptimistspredictaneweraofproductivityandinnovation,pessimistswarnofmassunemploymentasmachinessurpasshumancapabilitiesinvariousdomains.However,acloserexaminationsuggeststhattherelationshipbetweenAIandemploymentisfarmorenuancedthanasimplebinaryofreplacementvs.augmentation.Historically,technologicalrevolutions—fromthesteamenginetothecomputer—haveindeeddisplacedspecificjobs.TheLuddites,forinstance,destroyedweavingmachineryinthe19thcenturyfearingtheendoftheirtrade.Yet,thesedisruptionsalsocreatedentirelynewindustriesandjobcategoriesthatwerepreviouslyunimaginable.Theautomobileindustryeliminatedtheneedforblacksmithsbutcreateddemandformechanics,assemblylineworkers,androadconstructioncrews.Similarly,AIislikelytorendercertaintasksobsolete,particularlythosethatarerepetitive,rule-based,andpredictable.Dataentry,basiccustomerservice,androutinelegaldocumentreviewarealreadybeingautomated.However,AIalsopossessesthecapacitytoaugmenthumanabilities,actingasacollaborativepartnerratherthanarival.Inhealthcare,AIalgorithmscananalyzemedicalimagingwithgreaterprecisionthanhumanradiologists,buttheylacktheempathyandcontextualunderstandingrequiredtodeliveradiagnosisanddiscusstreatmentoptionswithapatient.ThemosteffectivemodelisasymbioticonewhereAIhandlestheanalyticalheavylifting,allowingdoctorstofocusonpatientcare.This"human-in-the-loop"approachensuresthatefficiencygainsdonotcomeatthecostofthehumantouch.Furthermore,theriseofAIwilllikelyincreasethevalueofdistinctivelyhumanskills.Emotionalintelligence,creativity,complexproblem-solving,andethicaljudgmentareareaswheremachinescurrentlystruggle.AsAItakesoverthemundaneaspectsofwork,humanswillbefreedtopursuehigher-leveltasksthatrequirethesesoftskills.Educationsystemswillthereforeneedtoadapt,shiftingfocusfromrotememorizationtofosteringcriticalthinkingandadaptability.Theworkforceofthefuturewillneedtobeagile,constantlylearningtoworkalongsideintelligentmachines.Thetransitionperiod,however,posessignificantchallenges.Unlikepreviousindustrialshifts,AIchangesthenatureofcognitivework,affectingwhite-collarprofessionsasmuchasblue-collarones.Thiscreatesanxietyamongmiddle-classworkerswhopreviouslyfeltsecure.Governmentsandcorporationsmustinvestinreskillingandupskillingprogramstoensuretheworkforcecannavigatethisshift.Socialsafetynetsmayalsoneedtobereimaginedtosupportthosetemporarilydisplacedbyautomation.Ultimately,theimpactofAIonemploymentwillbedeterminednotbythetechnologyitself,butbythechoiceswemakeinmanagingitsintegration.21.Whatistheauthor’smainargumentregardingAIandtheworkforce?A)AIwillinevitablyleadtomassunemploymentacrossallsectors.B)TheimpactofAIiscomplex,involvingbothdisplacementandthecreationofnewopportunities.C)AIismerelyatoolforproductivityandwillnotaffectjobsecurity.D)Historicaltechnologicalrevolutionshadnoimpactoncurrentemploymenttrends.22.WhydoestheauthormentiontheLudditesandtheautomobileindustry?A)Toshowthattechnologyalwaysdestroysjobswithoutcreatingnewones.B)Toillustratethatpasttechnologicalshiftsfollowedapatternofdisplacementandnewjobcreation.C)ToprovethatAIismoredangerousthanpreviousmachinery.D)Toarguethatmanuallaborismoreimportantthancognitivework.23.Accordingtothepassage,howdoesAIfunctionbestinthehealthcaresector?A)Bycompletelyreplacinghumanradiologistsanddoctors.B)Byhandlinganalyticaltaskswhilehumansmanagepatientinteraction.C)Byfocusingontheempathyandemotionalaspectsoftreatment.D)Byreducingtheneedformedicaleducation.24.WhichskillsarelikelytobecomemorevaluableasAIadvances?A)Rotememorizationanddataentry.B)Repetitiveandrule-basedtasks.C)Creativity,emotionalintelligence,andethicaljudgment.D)Routinelegaldocumentreview.25.WhatistheprimarychallengementionedregardingthetransitiontoanAI-integratedeconomy?A)Thetechnologyisnotyetadvancedenoughtoreplacewhite-collarworkers.B)Blue-collarworkersarerefusingtoadapttonewmethods.C)Theshiftaffectscognitiveworkers,requiringsignificantreskillingefforts.D)Governmentsareunwillingtoinvestinnewtechnology.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptofthe"sharingeconomy"wasinitiallyhailedasatransformativemovementthatpromotedaccessoverownership.PlatformslikeUberandAirbnbpromisedtounlockthevalueofunderutilizedassets—carsandsparerooms—creatingamoreefficientandcommunity-drivenmarket.However,astheseplatformshavematuredintoglobalgiants,thenarrativehasshifted.Criticsarguethatwhatwasonceapeer-to-peereconomyhasevolvedintoanewformofdigitalcapitalism,characterizedbyprecariousworkandregulatoryarbitrage.Oneofthemostsignificantcriticismsconcernstheclassificationofworkers.Uber,forexample,classifiesitsdriversasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees.Thisdistinctionallowsthecompanytoavoidpayingforbenefitslikehealthinsurance,socialsecurity,andpaidleave.Whilethisflexibilityisattractivetosomeseekingsideincome,formanydrivers,ittranslatesintofinancialinsecurity.Theybearthecostsofvehiclemaintenance,fuel,anddepreciation,whilethealgorithmsetspricesanddictatestheirworkingconditions.Thisdynamichasledtolegalbattlesaroundtheworld,withcourtsandlegislatorsdebatingwhethertheseworkersdeservetheprotectionsoftraditionalemployment.Furthermore,thesharingeconomyhasdisruptedestablishedindustrieswithoutnecessarilyadheringtotheregulationsthatgovernthem.Hotelsaresubjecttostrictsafety,zoning,andfirecodes,yetAirbnbrentalsoftenoperateinagreyarea.This"regulatoryarbitrage"allowsnewentrantstoundercutincumbentsonprice,notbecausetheyaremoreefficient,butbecausetheyavoidcompliancecosts.Whilethisbenefitsconsumerswithlowerpricesintheshortterm,itcanleadtolong-termissuessuchashousingshortages,aslandlordsconvertlong-termrentalsintomoreprofitableshort-termtouristaccommodations.Despitethesecriticisms,thesharingeconomyhasdemonstratedresilienceandconsumerappeal.Theconvenienceofbookingarideoraroomviaasmartphoneappisundeniable.Theuserexperienceisoftenseamless,withratingsystemsfosteringasenseoftrustandaccountabilitythattraditionalbusinessessometimeslack.Moreover,themodelhassuccessfullyexpandedbeyondtransportationandlodgingintosectorslikefooddelivery,dogwalking,andevenfreelancelabor.Thefutureofthesharingeconomylikelyliesinahybridmodel.Regulatorybodiesarecatchingup,imposingstricterrequirementsonplatformstoensurefaircompetitionandworkerprotection.Forinstance,somejurisdictionshavepassedlawsmandatingminimumwageguaranteesforgigworkersorlimitingthenumberofdaysapropertycanberentedonAirbnb.Platformsarealsoexperimentingwithofferingbenefitspackagestoretaindrivers.Thechallengemovingforwardwillbebalancingtheflexibilityandefficiencythatdefinethemodelwiththesocialsafetynetsnecessaryforafairsociety.The"sharingeconomy"maynotbetheutopianvisiononcesoldtothepublic,butitisanirreversiblepartoftheeconomiclandscapethatrequirescarefulgovernance.26.Howhasthepublicperceptionofthesharingeconomychangedaccordingtothepassage?A)Itisnowseenasapurelycommunity-drivenmovementwithnodownsides.B)Ithasshiftedfromapositiveviewofaccessoverownershiptoconcernsaboutdigitalcapitalism.C)Itwasinitiallycriticizedbutisnowuniversallypraisedforitsefficiency.D)PeoplenolongeruseplatformslikeUberandAirbnbduetoregulatoryissues.27.Whatisthemaincontroversyregardingtheclassificationofworkersinthesharingeconomy?A)Workersareclassifiedasemployees,whichcostscompaniestoomuchmoney.B)Companiesrefusetohireworkerswhousetheirownvehicles.C)Independentcontractorstatusallowscompaniestoavoidpayingbenefitsandshiftcoststoworkers.D)Driversprefertobeclassifiedasindependentcontractorstoavoidtaxes.28.Whatdoestheterm"regulatoryarbitrage"refertointhecontextofthepassage?A)Theabilityofplatformstosettheirownpriceswithoutgovernmentinterference.B)Platformsavoidingcompliancecoststhattraditionalbusinessesmustpay.C)Thelegalbattlesfoughtbysharingeconomycompaniesincourt.D)Theprocessofconvertinglong-termrentalsintotouristaccommodations.29.Whydoestheauthorsuggestthatthesharingeconomyhasremainedpopulardespitecriticisms?A)Becauseitoffersaconvenientuserexperienceandseamlesstechnology.B)Becauseitistheonlyoptionforfindingaccommodationincities.C)Becausetraditionalbusinesseshavefailedtoinnovate.D)Becauseconsumersareunawareoftheregulatoryissues.30.Whatdoestheauthorpredictforthefutureofthesharingeconomy?A)Itwillcollapseduetostrictgovernmentregulations.B)Itwillreturntoapurelypeer-to-peercommunitymodel.C)Itwillevolveintoahybridmodelwithincreasedregulationandworkerprotections.D)Itwillexpandtoreplacealltraditionalindustriescompletely.PartIIAnswerKeyandDetailedExplanationsSectionA1.C)impacts解析：空格前为形容词profound（深远的），空格后为介词on，此处需要一个名词。根据句意，研究表明这种现象会对认知功能产生深远的“影响”。impacts符合语境，且与后面的介词on搭配。2.J)volume解析：空格前为形容词sucha，空格后为介词of。根据句意，人脑在进化上并非设计用来同时处理如此大“量”的信息。volumeofinformation是常见搭配，表示信息的量。3.O)struggle解析：空格前为定冠词the，空格后为不定式符号to。此处需要一个名词作主语。根据前文提到公司鼓励员工断网，以及后文提到的“fearofmissingout”（错失恐惧症），断网看起来容易，但实际上是一种“挣扎”或“斗争”。struggle符合语境。4.M)environment解析：空格前为Establishinga（建立一个……），空格后为where引导的定语从句。此处需要一个名词。根据句意，建立一个禁止数字设备的“环境”有助于恢复面对面的互动。environment符合语境。5.B)influenced解析：空格前为heavily（严重地），空格后为bythebluelight（被蓝光）。此处需要动词的过去分词构成被动语态。根据句意，睡眠尤其受到屏幕发出的蓝光的“影响”。influenced符合语境。6.I)regulate解析：空格前为can，空格后为theircircadianrhythms（他们的生物钟）。此处需要动词原形。根据句意，通过限制睡前看屏幕的时间，个人可以“调节”他们的生物钟。regulate符合语境。7.F)distinct解析：空格前为形容词adifferentkindof，空格后为that引导的定语从句。此处需要一个形容词修饰名词attention（虽然attention被省略或隐含，但根据语法结构，这里修饰一种注意力）。或者理解为修饰一种“专注”或“关注”。distinct意为“不同/独特的”，符合句意，指线下爱好需要一种不同的专注力。8.H)abandon解析：空格前为to，空格后为technologyentirely（完全抛弃技术）。此处需要动词原形。根据句意，数字排毒的目标不是完全“抛弃”技术，而是建立更健康的关系。abandon符合语境。9.E)regain解析：空格前为about，空格后为controloverone'sdigitallife（对自己数字生活的控制）。此处需要动词原形。根据句意，是关于“重新获得”控制权。regain符合语境。10.N)distraction解析：空格前为sourceof（……的来源），空格后为句号。此处需要一个名词。根据句意，确保技术作为增强的工具，而不是“分心”的来源。distraction符合语境。SectionB11.A解析：根据文章段落[A]中的内容：“Astheglobalpopulationcontinuestosurge...traditionalmodelofagriculturefacesunprecedentedchallenges.”以及“climatechangedisruptsweatherpatterns...”可知，传统农业面临人口增长和气候变化的威胁。12.B解析：根据文章段落[B]中的内容：“Techniquessuchashydroponics,aeroponics,andaquaponicsallowcropstobegrownwithoutsoil...Thismethodusesupto90%lesswaterthantraditionalfarming...”可知，这些无土栽培技术能节省大量水资源。13.C解析：根据文章段落[C]中的内容：“Theresultisasystemwherefoodcanbeproducedyear-round,regardlessoftheweatheroutside.”可知，垂直农业通过控制环境因素实现了全年生产。14.D解析：根据文章段落[D]中的内容：“Criticsarguethatunlessrenewableenergysourcesareutilized,thecarbonfootprintofverticalfarmscouldoutweightheirbenefits.”可知，批评者认为如果不使用可再生能源，高能耗可能会抵消其环境效益。15.E解析：根据文章段落[E]中的内容：“Accesstofresh,nutritiousfoodisoftenlimitedin'fooddeserts'...Communitygardensandrooftopfarmscanfillthisgap...”可知，城市农业有助于解决“食物荒漠”问题。16.F解析：根据文章段落[F]中的内容：“CitieslikeSingapore...havelaunchedambitiousinitiativestoproduce30%oftheirnutritionalneedslocallyby2030.”可知，新加坡设定了具体的本地食品生产目标。17.G解析：根据文章段落[G]中的内容：“'Agri-hoods'arehousingdevelopmentsthataredesignedaroundafunctionalfarm.”可知，Agri-hoods是围绕功能性农场设计的住宅开发项目。18.H解析：根据文章段落[H]中的内容：“Grainsandstaplecropslikewheatandricerequirevastamountsofspace...andareunlikelytobeviableinurbanverticalfa