病原生物学与免疫学实验教学大纲（6年制临床医学国际学生）

^Pathogenicbiologyand

ImmunologyExperiment》

(forSix-yearTermClinicalMedicineSpecialtyinternational

students)

Teaching

program

Laboratoryofpathogenicbiologyandimmunology,

experimentalteachingmanagementcenter

October,2021

Preface

1、Basicinformation

CourseName:pathogenicbiologyandImmunologyExperiment

Credithours:64credithoursintotal

Applicabledisciplines:Six-yearTermClinicalMedicineSpecialty(Foreign

Students)

Prerequisitecourses:pathogenicbiology,medicallimnology

2、Courseintroduction

Pathogenicbiologyandimmunologyexperimentisabasicskilltrainingcourse

forundergraduatesmajoringinbasicmedicine.Itspurposeistohelpstudentsdeepen

theirunderstandingandunderstandingoftheoreticalknowledge,andcultivate

students'experimentalideas,basicskills,asepticconcept,clinicalskills,innovative

consciousnessandabilitytoparticipateinscientificresearch;Exercisestudents*

abilitytousetheoreticalknowledgetosolveclinicalpracticalproblems;Laya

foundationforclinicalmedicineinthefuture.Thissyllabusispreparedaccordingto

theteachingrequirementsofundergraduatestudentsofbasicmedicineinmedical

collegesanduniversities,thearrangementofourteachingplanandthetheoretical

syllabus.Thetotalclasshoursare64classhoursandatotalof16experiments.

Amongthem,therearc16classhoursforMedicalImmunology(25%),24classhours

forHumanParasitology(37.5%),and24classhoursformedicalmicrobiology

(37.5%).

3、Courseobjectives

(1)Professionalqualityobjectives

Throughthestudyofthiscourse,studentswillbetrainedtorespectscience,seek

truthfromfacts,lovemedicalcareer,benotafraidofhardship,andservepatientswith

goodmedicalprofessionalquality.

(2)Knowledgeobjectives

Throughthestudyofthiscourse,studentscanmasterthebasiccharacteristicsof

pathogenicmicroorganismsandcombinethemwithclinicalmanifestations.Underthe

guidanceofteachers,theycandesignandcompletetheexperimentaccordingtothe

experimentalknowledgeofpathogenicbiologyandimmunology.

(3)Skillobjectives

Throughthestudyofthiscourse,mastertheuniquebasicoperationtechnology

ofpathogenicbiologyandimmunologyexperiment,andfinallycultivatethestudents'

thinkingabilityofintegratingtheorywithpracticeandbasicwithclinical,andhave

theabilityofindependentlearning,soastolayagoodfoundationforthefollow-up

clinicalcourselearning.

4.Teachingrequirements

Accordingtothecurriculumsyllabusandobjectives,ensuretheachievementof

curriculumteachingcontent,teachingprocess(links),knowledgeandability

objectives,andcultivatestudents'autonomouslearningability.

5.Assessmentmethod

Theexaminationmethodofthiscourseadoptsthecomprehensiveevaluation

method.Includingattendance,dailyhomework,classroomperformance,lest,picture

test,etc.

Participants:ChenTingting,DengXichuan,FangJi,heYonglin,LiuJia,Liu

Quan,ZhangGuangyuan

Author:ChenTingling

Reviewedby:HeYonglin

Referencebook

1.Jawetz,MelnickandAdelberg's.MedicalMicrobiology.27thEdition.The

McGraw-HillCompanies.2016.

2.Harley-Prescott.LaboratoryExercisesinMicrobiology,5thEdition.The

McGraw-HillCompanies.2002.

Catalogue

Experiment1Determinationofphagocytosisofneutrophilsbybacterialcounting7

Experiment2Agglutinationtest..................................................................................7

Experiment3Immunolabelingtechnology................................................................8

Experiment4Dotenzymeimmunoassay......................................................................8

Experiment5Observationofinsecteggsandcommonobjectseasilyconfusedwith

insecteggsinfeces.......................................................................................................9

Experiment6Medicalnematodes..................................................................................10

Experiment7Medicalfluke.........................................................................................10

Experiment8Medicaltapeworm.................................................................................11

Experiment9Medicalprotozoa..................................................................................12

Experiment10Medicalarthropods..............................................................................13

Experiment11Observationofbacterialmorphologyandstructure............................14

Experiment12Artificialculture,disinfectionandsterilizationofbacteria...............14

Experiment13Pyogeniccocci.....................................................................................15

Experiment14Enterobacte...........................................................................................16x

Experiment15AnaerobicbacteriaandMycobacteriumtuberculosis........................16

Experiment16Fungi,virusesandothermicrobe..................................................17

Teachinghoursallocationtable(64classhoursintotal)

ExperimentalTypeof

ExperimentNo.Experimenttitle

classhoursexperiment

Experiment1Determinationofphagocytosisofneutrophils

4Comprehensive

bybacterialcounting

Experiment2Agglutination(est4Basicmethod

Experiment3Immunolabclingtechnology4Comprehensive

Experiment4Dotenzymeimmunoassay4Verification

Experiment5Observationofinsecteggsandcommonobjects

4Basicmethod

easilyconfusedwithinsecteggsinfcccs

Experiment6Medicalnematodes4Comprehensive

Experiment7Medicalfluke4Comprehensive

Experiment8Medicaltapeworm4Comprehensive

Experiment9Medicalprotozoa4Comprehensive

Experiment10Medicalarthropods4Comprehensive

Experiment11Observationofbacterialmorphologyand

4Basicmethod

structure

Experiment12Artificialculture,disinfectionandsterilization

4Verification

ofbacteria

Experiment13Pyogeniccocci4Comprehensive

Experiment14Enterobacte4Comprehensive

Experiment15AnaerobicbacteriaandMycobacterium

4Comprehensive

tuberculosis

Experiment16Fungi,virusesandothermicrobes4Comprehensive

合计64

Experiment1ThePhagocyticFunctionofNeutrophils

wasMeasuredByBacterialCounting

[Typeofexperiment]

Comprehensiveexperiment.

[Purposerequirements]

1.Mastertheprinciple,methodandapplicationofbacterialcountingmethodfor

measuringneutrophilphagocytosis.

2.Befamiliarwiththebiologicalcharacteristicsandsignificanceofneutrophils.

3.Understandthetypes,principlesandmethodsofneutrophilphagocytosistest.

[Experimentalhoursl

4classhours.

[Experimentcontent]

1.Thephagocyticfunctionofneutrophilswasmeasuredbybacterialcount.

2.Toinvestigatetheeffectofnorepinephrineonneutrophilphagocytosisinvitro.

[Experimentalgrouping]

3〜4persons/group.

Experiment2AgglutinationTest

Typeofexperiment]

Basicmethodexperiments.

[Purposerequirements]

1.Masterthecharacteristicsandinfluencingfactorsofinvitroantigenantibody

rcaclioii,thetypesofclassicalinvilioantigenantibodyreaulioii,theprincipleand

applicationofslideagglutinationtest.

2.Befamiliarwiththetype,characteristicsandapplicationofagglutinationtest;

FamiliarwiththeidentificationmethodofABObloodgroup;Familiarwiththe

principleandapplicationofindirectlatexagglutinationtest;Befamiliarwiththe

methodandresultjudgmentofrheumatoidfactordetectionexperiment.

3.Understandtubeagglutinationtestandprecipitationreaction.

[Experimentalhours]

4classhours.

[Experimentcontent]

1.Slideagglutinationtest(bloodgroupidentification).

2.Indirectlatexagglutinationtest(detectionofrheumatoidfactor).

[Experimentalgrouping]

3〜4persons/group.

Experiment3ImmunolabelingTechnique

[Typeofexperiment]

Comprehensiveexperiment.

[Purposerequirements]

1.Masterthetype,characteristicsandapplicationofELISA;Masterthebasic

stepsandresultjudgmentofdoubleantibodysandwichELISAfordetectingHBsAg.

2.Befamiliarwiththebasicprinciple,characteristics,typesandapplicationsof

enzymeimmunoassay;Befamiliarwiththeprincipleandmethodofcolloidalgolddot

chromatographyfordetectingearlypregnancy.

3.Understandthebasicprinciple,types,characteristicsandapplicationof

immunolabclingtechnology.

[Experimentalhours]

4classhours.

[Experimentcontent]

1.Video:immunolabelingtechnology.

2.HBsAgwasdetectedbydoubleantibodysandwichELISA.

3.ColloidalgoldtestpapertodetecturineHCG(earlypregnancydetection).

[Experimentalgrouping]

3〜4persons/group.

Experiment4DotEnzymeImmunoassay

[Typeofexperimentj

Confirmatoryexperiment.

[Purposerequirements]

I.Masterthebasicprinciple,characteristicsandapplicationofdotenzyme

immunoassay.

2.Befamiliarwiththemethodsandstepsofdotenzymeimmunoassayfor

detectingtraceantigens.

3.Understandthequantitativeanalysisofdotenzymeimmunoassayresults.

[Experimentalhours]

3classhours.

[Experimentcontent]

1.Dotenzymeimmunoassay(dotELISA)wasusedtodetectIL-2.

[Experimentalgrouping]

3〜4persons/group

Experiment5ObservationonInsecteggsinFecesand

CommonObjectsEasilyConfusedwithInsectEggs

[Typeofexperiment]

Basicmethodexperiment.

[Purposerequirements]

1.Mastertheoperationofcommonfecalexaminationmethodssuchasfecal

directsmearmethod.

2.Befamiliarwiththedifferencebetweenparasitesorparasiteeggsinfecesand

othershapeanalogues.

[Experimentalhours]

4classhours.

[Experimentcontent]

1.Theeggsofintestinalparasiticnematodeswereobservedbyfecaldirectsmear

method

2.Specimenobservation:starch,pollen,oildroplets,bubbles,plantcells,animal

cellsandplantfibersinfeces.

[Experimentalgrouping]

3-4persons/group.

Experiment6MedicalNematodes

[Typeofexperiment]

Comprehensiveexperiment.

[Purposerequirements]

1.MasterthemorphologicalcharacteristicsofAscarislumbricoideseggs,

whipwormeggs,hookwormeggs,pinwormeggs,bancroftiandMalaymicrofilariae,

andTrichinellaspiraliscysts.

2.BefamiliarwiththeadultmorphologyofAscarislumbricoides,whipworm,

hookworm,pinworm,filariasisandTrichinellaspiralis.

[Experimentalhours]

4classhours.

[Experimentcontent]

1.Smearorpatchobservation:Ascarislumbricoideseggs(fertilizedeggs,

unfertilizedeggs,deproteinizedeggs,infectiousAscarislumbricoideseggs),

whipwormeggs,hookwormeggssuspensionsmears,pinwormeggspatchspecimens,

andoralsacoftwokindsofhookworm.

2.Grossspecimenobservation:Ascarislumbricoides,whipworm,hookworm,

pinwormadult,bancroftimicrofilaria,Malaymicrofilaria,Trichinellaspiraliscyst,

Trichinellaspiralisadult,filariasis,Trichinellaspiralisadultparasiticondiseased

organsandtissuesofhumanbody.

[Experimentalgrouping]

3-4persons/group.

Experiment7MedicalFluke

[Typeofexperiment]

Comprehensiveexperiment.

[Purposerequirements]

1.Masterthemoiphologicalcharacteristicsofliverfluke,lungfluke,

Schistosomajaponicumandgingerflakewormeggs.

2.Befamiliarwiththemorphologyandintermediatehostofparagonimiasis

hepatica,paragonimiasis,Schistosomajaponicumandgingerflakeworm.

3.Tounderstandthemorphologicalcharacteristicsofliverfluke,lungfluke,

Schistosomajaponicumandgingerflakeparasiticonhumanorgans.

[Experimentalhours]

4classhours.

[Experimentcontent]

1.Observationofeggsuspensionsmear:liverfluke,lungfluke,Schistosoma

japonicumandgingerflukeeggs.

2.Grossspecimenobservation:Adultsofliverfluke,lungfluke,Schistosoma

japonicumandgingerflakeworm,intermediatehost;Liverfluke,lungfluke,

Schistosomajaponicumandgingerflakeparasitizethediseasedorgansandtissuesof

humanbody.

[Experimentalgrouping]

34persons/group.

Experiment8MedicalTapeworm

[Typeofexperiment]

Comprehensiveexperiment.

[Purposerequirements]

1.MasterthedifferencesbetweenTaeniasoliumandTaeniasaginataintermsof

headsectionandpregnancysection.

2.BefamiliarwiththemorphologicalcharacteristicsofTaeniasolium,Taenia

saginata,EchinococcusgranulosusandTaeniamansonieggs.

3.Understandthepathologicalcharacteristicsoftheabovetapewormparasiticon

humanorgansandtissues.

[Experimentalhours]

4classhours.

[Experimentcontent]

1.Observationofscalingfilmoreggsuspensionsmear:headsection,adult

sectionandpregnancysectionofTaeniasoliumandTaeniasaginata,Taeniasaginata

eggsandTaeniamansonieggs.

2.Grossspecimenobservation:theintermediatehostsofTaeniasolium,Taenia

saginata,EchinococcusgranulosusandTaeniamansoni,theadultsofTaeniasolium

andTaeniamansoni,andtheaboveadultsorlarvaeparasitizethediseasedorgansof

thehumanbody.

[Experimentalgrouping]

3-4persons/group.

Experiment9MedicalProtozoa

[Typeofexperiment]

Comprehensiveexperiment.

[Purposerequirements]

1.MasterthemorphologicalstructureofEntamoebahistolytica(cystsand

trophozoites),GiardiaIambiia(cystsandtrophozoites),leishmaniasisand

Trichomonasvaginalis.

2.MasterthemorphologicalstructureofPlasmodiumvivax,Plasmodium

falciparum,Toxoplasmagondiitrophozoites.

3.Befamiliarwiththemorphologyofamoebacystsandleishmaniasis

Promastigoles.

4.BefamiliarwiththemorphologyofPlasmodiumsporozoites,Plasmodium

oocysts,trophozoitesandschizontsofPlasmodiumvivaxintheredphase.

[Experimentalhours]

4classhours.

[Experimentcontent]

1.Sealobservation:cystsandtrophozoitesofEntamoebahistolyticaandGiardia

lamblia,amastigotesofLeishmaniaandtrophozoitesofTrichomonasvaginalis;

Plasmodiumvivax,Plasmodiumfalciparum,Toxoplasmagondiitrophozoites;

Amoebacystofcolon,Leishmananteriorflagella.

2.Grossspecimenobservation:Plasmodiumsporozoitesandmatureschizontsof

Plasmodiumvivax.

[Experimentalgrouping]

3-4persons/group.

Experiment10MedicalArthropods

[Typeofexperiment]

Comprehensiveexperiment.

[Purposerequirements]

1.Masterthedifferencesamongthethreegeneraofmosquitoes,fivecommon

flies,humanlice,headfleaandpubiclice,hardtickandsofttick,hairfolliclemite

andsebummite.

2.Understandthemorphologyofcommonmosquitoes,flies,lice,fleas,licks,

mites,adultsandlarvae.

[Experimentalhours]

4classhours.

[Experimentcontent]

1.Sealobservation:Adultsofhumanlice,headfleas,pubiclice,fleasand

scabies.

2.Grossspecimenobservation:threegeneraofmosquitoes(Anopheles,Culex,

Aedes);Commonflies(housefly,goldenfly,greenfly,hempfly,Calliphora,adultfly);

Mosquitolarvae,pupae,hardticksandsoftticksflymaggots.

3.InspectionofautologousDemodex.

[Experimentalgrouping1

3-4persons/group.

Experiment11ObservationofBacterialMorphology

andStructure

[Typeofexperiment]

Basicmethodexperiment.

[Purposerequirements]

1.MastertheoperationstepsandresultjudgmentofGramstainingofbacterial

specimens.

2.Masterthemorphologicalcharacteristicsofthespecialstructureofbacteria.

3.Befamiliarwithlaboratorybiosafetyrulesandmasterasepticoperation

technology.

[Experimentalhours]

4classhours.

[Experimentcontent]

1.Interpretationoflaboratorybiosafetyrules.

2.BacterialspecimenpreparationandGramstainingobservation.

3.Observationofspecialstructuresofbacteria(capsule,flagellumandspore).

[Experimentalgrouping]

1person/group.

Experiment12ArtificialCulture,Disinfectionand

SterilizationofBacteria

[l\peofexperiment]

Confirmatoryexperiment.

[Purposerequirements]

1.Masterthegrowthphenomenonofbacteriainvariousmedia,theconceptof

bacterialcolony,andbefamiliarwiththecharacteristicsofbacterialcolony.

2.Befamiliarwithcommondisinfectionandsterilizationmethods,instruments

andequipment,andprecautionsforuse.

3.Befamiliarwiththeprincipleandresultsofbacterialbiochemicalreaction.

4.Understandthemethodandprocessofbacterialartificialculture.

[Experimentalhours]

3classhours.

[Experimentcontent]

I.Artificialculture,disinfectionandsterilizationofbacteria(watchthevideo).

2.Bacterialcultureobservation:

(1)Liquidcultureobservation

(2)Solidmediumobservation

3.Observationofbacterialbiochemicalreaction.

[Experimentalgrouping]

4persons/group.

Experiment13PyogenicCocci

[Typeofexperiment]

Comprehensiveexperiment.

[Purposerequirements]

1.MasterthecolonycharacteristicsofthreekindsofStaphylococcusandthree

kindsofStreptococcus

2.Masterthemorphologicalcharacteristicsofpyogeniccocci.

3.Befamiliarwiththeoperationmethodandresultjudgmentofplasma

coagulasetest.

4.Understandtheisolationandidentificationproceduresofpathogeniccocci.

[Experimentalhours]

4classhours.

[Experimentcontent]

1.Pyogeniccocci(video).

2.Observationofpyogeniccocciculture:

(1)ObservationofcoloniesofthreeStaphylococcusoncommonagarplate.

(2)ObservationofStreptococcustypeIIIbloodagarplatecolony.

3.Liquidculturesmear,Gramstainingandmicroscopicexaminationof

StreptococcushaemolyticusB.

4.Plasmacoagulasetest(slidemethod).

[Experimentalgrouping]

4persons/group.

Experiment14Enterobacter

[Typeofexperiment]

Comprehensiveexperiment.

[Purposerequirements]

1.MasterthecolonycharacteristicsofEnterobacteriaceaeontheselected

identificationmedium.

2.Masterthebiochemicalreactioncharacteristicsofcommonintestinal

pathogens.

3.Befamiliarwiththeoperationmethod(agardiffusionmethod)andresult

judgmentfordeterminingthesensitivityofbacteriatodrugs.

4.UnderstandtheisolationandidentificationproceduresofEnterobacteriaceae.

[Experimentalhours]

4classhours.

[Experimentcontent]

1.Enterobacter(video).

2.ColonyobservationonS.S.andcosinmethyleneblueselectiveidentification

medium.

3.Observationofreactionresultsofc