不定式作补语用法

不定式作补语特点分析一、两大类宾补动词A类：接带to的不定式作宾补这类动词要求宾语补足语必须带to，结构为动词+sb+todosth。常见动词有：-ask：asksbtodoSheaskedmetohelp.-tell：tellsbtodoHetoldustobequiet.-want：wantsbtodoIwantyoutocome.-wouldlike：wouldlikesbtodoI'dlikehimtostay.-encourage：encouragesbtodoTheyencourageustotry.-teach：teachsbtodoHetaughtmetoswim.-allow：allowsbtodoMumallowedmetogo.-warn：warnsbtodoIwarnedhimtobecareful.-advise：advisesbtodoSheadvisedmetowait.-order：ordersbtodoHeorderedthemtoleave.-expect：expectsbtodoWeexpecthimtowin.-wish：wishsbtodoIwishyoutobehappy.B类：接不带to的不定式作宾补这类动词要求宾语补足语省略to，结构为动词+sb+dosth。一看：see,watch,notice,observe（观察）——seesbdoIsawhimenter.二听：hear,——hearsbdoIheardhersing.三让：let,make,have——letsbdoLetmego.四感：feel——feelsbdoIfelthimtouchmyarm.半帮助：help——helpsb(to)doShehelpedme(to)clean.（to可有可无，是唯一例外）二、被动语态中to的补回规则在B类动词（感官动词和使役动词）的被动语态中，原来省略的to必须补回来。只有let例外，被动语态仍用beletdo。主动：Isawhimentertheroom.被动：Hewasseentoentertheroom.主动：Hemademecry.被动：Iwasmadetocry.主动：Weheardhersing.被动：Shewasheardtosing.Let不用：Iwasletgototheparty.

我被允许去参加了派对。四、感官动词后dovsdoing的区别感官动词后既可按不带to的不定式，也可接现在分词，但含义不同。seesbdo：看见某人做了某事，强调动作的全过程或动作已完成。seesbdoing：看见某人正在做某事，强调动作的进行过程或动作正在进行中。例句对比：-Isawhimcrosstheroad.我看见他过了马路。（看到全过程，从一边到另一边）-Isawhimcrossingtheroad.我看见他正在过马路。（看到正在马路中间走）-Iheardhersingasong.我听她唱了一首歌。（听了整首歌）-Iheardhersingingasong.我听见她正在唱一首歌。（听到正在唱，不一定是完整一首）不定式作补语专项练习1.Mymotheraskedme_______thedishesafterdinner.A.washB.washingC.towashD.washed2.Theteachertoldus_______inclass.A.nottalkB.nottotalkC.don'ttalkD.nottalking3.Isawhim_______intotheroomjustnow.A.goB.togoC.goingD.went4.Shewasheard_______inthenextroom.A.singB.sangC.tosingD.sung5.Myparentsalwaysencourageme_______mydreams.A.followB.tofollowC.followingD.followed6.Letme_______youwiththeheavybox.A.helpB.tohelpC.helpingD.helped7.Hemadethebaby_______atlast.A.stopcryingB.tostopcryingC.stoptocryD.tostoptocry8.Theboywasmade_______thewindowhehadbroken.A.payforB.topayforC.payingforD.paidfor9.I'dlikeyou_______withmethisafternoon.A.goshoppingB.togoshoppingC.goingshoppingD.wentshopping10.Sheoftenhelpshermother_______houseworkatweekends.A.doesB.didC.todoD.doingE．do11.Weallwanthim_______thefirstprizeinthematch.A.winB.winningC.towinD.won12.Inoticedastranger_______thebuildingquietly.A.enterB.toenterC.enteringD.entered13.Thebosshadtheworkers_______fortwelvehoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked14.Tomwaswatchingme_______thepianowhenthephonerang.A.playB.toplayC.playingD.played15.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisWRONG?A.Hewasseentoentertheshop.B.Themotherletthechildtogoout.C.Iheardhersingingintheroom.D.Weweremadetowaitforanhour.参考答案与详细解析1.答案：C考点：asksbtodosth（带to的不定式作宾补）解析：ask后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语，结构为asksbtodosth。句意：妈妈叫我饭后洗碗。常见接带to不定式作宾补的动词：ask,tell,want,wouldlike,encourage,teach,allow,order,warn,advise等。2.答案：B考点：不定式的否定式作宾补解析：tellsbtodosth的否定形式是tellsbnottodosth，not放在不定式前面。句意：老师叫我们不要在课堂上说话。选项Cdon'ttalk是祈使句的否定，不能用于宾补结构。否定不定式结构：nottodo，绝不能写成tonotdo或don'ttodo。3.答案：A考点：seesbdosth（感官动词接不带to的不定式）解析：感官动词see后接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示“看到某人做了某事”（全过程）。结构为seesbdosth。句意：我刚才看见他进了房间。接不带to不定式的感官动词：see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe等。4.答案：C考点：感官动词被动语态中，不定式要加回to解析：感官动词变为被动语态时，原来省略的to必须补回来。主动：Iheardhersing.被动：Shewasheardtosing.句意：有人听到她在隔壁房间唱歌。这是中考非常重要的考点。主动与被动对比：-主动：Isawhimentertheroom.（不带to）-被动：Hewasseentoentertheroom.（必须带to）5.答案：B考点：encouragesbtodosth（带to的不定式作宾补）解析：encourage后接带to的不定式作宾补，结构为encouragesbtodosth。句意：我父母总是鼓励我去追逐梦想。同类动词扩展：-advisesbtodosth建议某人做某事-allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事-warnsbtodosth警告某人做某事6.答案：A考点：letsbdosth（使役动词接不带to的不定式）解析：let是使役动词，后接不带to的不定式作宾补，结构为letsbdosth。句意：让我帮你搬这个重箱子。接不带to不定式的使役动词：let,make,have（让某人做某事）7.答案：A考点：makesbdosth+stopdoing解析：make是使役动词，接不带to的不定式作宾补（makesbdo）。同时stopcrying意为“停止哭”，stopdoing是固定搭配。句意：他终于让宝宝停止哭泣了。选项Cstoptocry意为“停下来去哭”，不符合语境。stopdoingvsstoptodo：-stopcrying停止哭（哭这个动作停止）-stoptocry停下来去哭（停下别的事，开始哭）8.答案：B考点：make被动语态中，不定式要加回to解析：make在主动语态中接不带to的不定式（makesbdo），但变为被动语态时必须加回to（bemadetodo）。句意：这个男孩被迫赔偿他打碎的窗户。主动与被动对比：-主动：Hemadetheboypayforthewindow.（不带to）-被动：Theboywasmadetopayforthewindow.（必须带to）9.答案：B考点：wouldlikesbtodosth（带to的不定式作宾补）解析：wouldlike后接带to的不定式作宾补，结构为wouldlikesbtodosth。句意：我想让你今天下午和我一起去购物。goshopping中go要变成togo。wouldlike的两种搭配：-wouldliketodosth想要做某事-wouldlikesbtodosth想要某人做某事10.答案：C考点：helpsb(to)dosth（不定式带不带to都可以）解析：help比较特殊，后接不定式作宾补时to可以省略也可以保留，即helpsbdosth和helpsbtodosth都正确。句意：她周末经常帮妈妈做家务。此题中C正确，但helpsbdo也常见。help的特殊性：是唯一一个to可有可无的动词。11.答案：C考点：wantsbtodosth（带to的不定式作宾补）解析：want后接带to的不定式作宾补，结构为wantsbtodosth。句意：我们都想让他赢得比赛第一名。同类动词：wouldlikesbtodo,wishsbtodo,expectsbtodo12.答案：A考点：noticesbdosth（感官动词接不带to的不定式）解析：notice是感官动词，后接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示“注意到某人做了某事”（全过程）。结构为noticesbdosth。句意：我注意到一个陌生人悄悄进了大楼。选项Centering语法上也正确，但表示“正在进入”，侧重点不同。感官动词+dovsdoing：-noticesbenter注意到某人进来了（全过程）-notices