Unit2Naturaldisaters写作之应用文课件高中英语译林版

Unit2Naturaldisasters译林版2020必修第三册应用文：写一篇关于自然灾害的演讲稿读话题写作文高一下

LearningobjectivesAttheendofclass,youwillbeableto：1.Obtaintheinformationaboutfloodsandfoodsafetytips;2.Analysethetypicalfeaturesofastoryaboutafamilycaughtinaflood;3.ContinuethestoryaboutMary’sfamilycaughtinaflood.123写作词汇

课文佳句课文结构目录CONTENTS4

写作实践

5

技巧点拨活用写作词汇：

跟着课文学词汇01(1)Rescuerssaidthe________weretakentoahospitalnearby,andfortunatelythe________wasnotserious,notlifethreatening.(injure)(2)Aschoolgirlsavedherfather'slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic________whichstoppedhisheart.Thedoctorsaidthathisfatherislikelyto________tosomespecialsmell.(react)(3)Thepromptresponseoftherescueteamsignificantly________thevictims,bringingthemmuch-needed________afterthenaturaldisaster.(relieve)(4)Themaninjuredintheearthquakeisalways________towardshisneighbours,buthisneighboursdon’tkeephimata________.(distant)(5)Mysonisalways________abouteverythingheseesandhearmattersabouttsunamis.Hewillaskallkindsofquestions________aboutit.Tomeethis________,Ioftentrytoanswerthem.(curious)用所给词的适当形式完成句子injuredinjuryreactionreactrelievedreliefdistantdistancecuriouscuriouslycuriosity(6)The________hurricanelefttheentirecommunity________,highlightingthefragilityofhumaninfrastructureagainstnature'sraw________.(power)(7)Theyoungladywas________atthe________newsaboutmud-rockflow,forIcouldseethe________lookonherface.(shock)(8)Duringthehurricanereliefefforts,itwasheartwarmingtoseehowquicklythe________fromaroundtheworldwere________tosupportthoseinneed.(donate)用所给词的适当形式完成句子powerfulpowerlesspowershockedpowerlesspowerdonateddonations（1）Anearthquake________whiletheywerehavingdinner.（2）Thiscommunicationeffortwill________________emailsbecausetheyaresufferingfromseverefloodingdisasters.（3）Itishopedthatthenewpolicyfordisasterpreventionwillbeacceptedbythepublic________.（4）Duetothedrought,Ihadalmost___________themoney.（5）Whilepacingupanddownatthesceneofthedisaster,agoodideasuddenly_____________him.（6）Wefencedoffthelake

__________thechildrenshouldfallin.（7）Canyouseethehouses_______________?Itwilldisappearsoonbecauseofhurricane.（8）Luckily,thewomandriver_____________ortheremighthavebeenaseriousaccident.（9）Ifwebelievesomethingwasright,weshould_____________it.（10）Shesaidshewasallright,whichmademesigh________.用方框内所给短语完成句子atlarge;occurto;keepone’shead;runoutof;taketheformof;breakout;holdonto;incase;inthedistance;inreliefbrokeouttaketheformofatlargerunoutofoccurredtoincaseinthedistancekeepherheadholdontoinrelief活用课文佳句：

跟着课文学佳句02细节描写原：AliceBrown,headteacheratFalmontPrimarySchool,wasteachingwhenthefloorbegantoshake.弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗正在上课，这时地板开始摇晃起来。1.老师正在上课，突然爆发了地震。Theteacher________________________suddenlyanearthquakehitthere.原：Atthesametime,MissBrownquicklyopenedtheclassroomdoor,incaseitbecamedamagedduringtheshakingandcouldnotopen.同时，布朗女士迅速打开了教室的门，以防门在摇晃中损坏而无法打开。2.我将带上雨衣，以防下雨。I’lltakemyraincoat_______________________________________.原：Themomenttheshakingstopped,MissBrownsenseditwasthebesttimefortheclasstomaketheirescape.晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最佳时机。3.暴雨一结束，孩子们就跑出了教室。Thekidsranoutoftheclassroom_______________________________.wasgivingalessonwhenincaseitshouldrain/incaseitrainsthemomenttherainstormwasover细节描写原：Shesignalledtoherstudentstoexittheclassroominanorderlylinecoveringtheirheadswiththeirhands.她示意学生们用双手护着头，排好队，有序离开教室。4.孩子们看着重建的家园，开心地谈笑着。Thechildrenwatchedtherebuilthome,___________________________.原：Itimmediatelyoccurredtoherthattheseweresignsofanapproachingtsunami.她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的前兆。5.我的儿子突然意识到可能要发生泥石流了。________________________theremightbeamudslide.原：Atthatmoment,theyfelttheearthshakingbeneaththeirfeet.那一刻，他们感到脚下的大地在晃动。6.她感觉有一条虫正在腿上爬动。Shefeltaworm_____________________________________________.laughingandtalkinghappilyItoccurredtomysonthatcreepingonherfoot细节描写原：Tohergreatrelief，theofficerimmediatelyrealizedthecomingdanger.使她大为宽慰的是，这位官员立刻意识到了即将到来的危险。7.让他感到宽慰的是，孩子们都安然无恙。____________________，hischildrenareallsafeandsound.原：Itswallswerefreshasifpaintedyesterday.它的墙壁焕然一新，仿佛昨天粉刷过一样。8.

是暴风雨打破了玻璃。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？Itwasstormthatbrokethewindow.Whyareyoutalkingtomeasif_______________?原：Remembertokeepyourselfinformedofwhatisgoingon.记得让自己随时了解事态的进展。9.有任何进展我们都会随时通知你。Wewill_____________________________________.TohisreliefIhaddoneitkeepyouinformedofanydevelopment细节描写原：Dadwaslisteningtoaweatherreportontheradio,whileMumwasputtingtheirimportantdocumentsanddisastersuppliesintoabag.爸爸在听收音机里的天气预报，妈妈正在把重要的文件和灾难必需品放入一个包里。10.当发生地震时，Tom躲在卫生间里，他的妹妹Kate则躲在桌子下面。Whentheearthquakeoccurred,Tomhidinthebathroom,_______________________________________________.whichhissisterKatewaswatchingTVinthelivingroom活用课文结构:

跟着课文练布局03Para.1:Afterabriefdiscussion,MumandDadmadeadecision.________________________________________________________________Para.2:Finally,therainstopped.________________________________________________________________1读懂大意，理清脉络主要是根据记叙文的六要素弄清文章大意，特别要弄清故事的人物，时态(通常是一般过去时)，事件(故事的起因和经过)，语言特色(以便在续写时语言特色前后一致，保持不变)，等等。人物时态和事件语言特色不要变HowWhereWhenWhoCharactersSettingPlotWhyWhatMaryandherparentsOnarainyday

IntheirhouseTheywerecaughtinaflood.Ithadbeenrainingnon-stopforthreedays.Howcantheysavethemselvesfromtheflood?ReadfortheelementsofthestoryMaryandherparentsweretrappedathomebyastorm.玛丽和她的父母被暴风雨困在家中Maryandherparentshadnoideawhattodo.玛丽和她的父母不知道要做什么Marywantedtoleavebutherparentsthoughtitwasdangerous.玛丽想要离开，但她的父母认为太危险了

?Predictanend预测结局Readfortheplotline(情节线)Readthestorytosortouttheenvironment,storylineandemotionline.Ithadbeenrainingnon-stop.BeginningdevelopmentdevelopmentnervousEnvironment-StorylineTimelineMary--Mother---Father---Thewindroared.Therainbeatontheroofandwindows.Dadlistenedtoaweatherreport.Motherputthingsaway.Marylookedthroughthewindow.ScaredDadmovedthetableagainstthedoor.MumwavedtoMarysitonthesofa.worriedDadhuggedhiswifeanddaughter.silentThesuddensilencemadethewind&rainmorefrightening.developmentWhatshouldtheydo?conflictWhatwouldtheymet????

2细读首句，构思框架

两段首句定一框由续写的第一段首句与第二段首句确定第一段的框架。

二框二首正能量

第二段的框架，由第二段首句与正能量结尾来确定。Readthegiventwosentencestodeterminethethemeandend.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Afterabriefdiscussion,MumandDadmadeadecision.Finally,therainstopped.

1.Whatkindofendingweshouldgive?caughtinaflood——survivesuccessfully2.What’sthethemeofthisstory?

WhatifMaryandherparentstrytoleavetheirhouse?Whatiftheydecidetostayathome?如果玛丽和她的父母想离开他们的房子怎么办?如果他们决定呆在家里怎么办?Leaveorstay?Stay:__________________________Leave:________________________Whichchoicemaybringthemmoredangerandwhy?Whatmaybethepossibledecisionandwhowillmakeit?Whatweretheydoingthen?Howdidtheyfeel?与首句衔接推动故事情节发展为后文情感对比做铺垫Para.1:Afterabriefdiscussion,MumandDadmadeadecision.WhatsafetytipsfrompartAcanbeusedtohelpMaryandherparentsprotectthemselves?PartA的哪些安全提示可以用来帮助玛丽和她的父母保护自己?PPreparedisastersupplies.

准备好灾难供应品Movingtotheupperfloorifyouarealreadyinsideabuilding.

如果你已经在室内，移到楼上Don’twalkordrivethroughthemovingfloodwater.

不要在流动的洪水中走路或者开车…Iftheydecidetoleavethehouse,whatdotheyneed?Iftheydecidetostayindoors,whatdotheyneed?Dotheyhavethem?第一段：①Whatmaybethepossibledecisionandwhydidtheymakeit?②Whatweretheydoingthen?Howdidtheyfeel?第二段：①Howdidtheyfeelaftertherainfinallystopped?②Ifnewcharactersappear,whoarethey?Whatwilltheydo?WhatwillMaryandherparentsdo?Howwouldtheyfeel?段落构思细节3

增加细节，开始写作在已定框架范围内，依据情节发展和生活常识，推断故事中人物所见、所闻、所思、所说、所做等给每段增加5至8个具体细节，我们称之为叫“58细节添加法”。所思：Theydecidedtostayinthehouse,becausetheythoughtitwouldbereallydangeroustotrytowalkthroughthewatertogettohigherground.他们决定留在这所房子里，因为他们认为试着穿过水去地势较高的地方是非常危险的。所说：“Mary,we’llhavetogoupstairsandwaitthere,”saidMum.“玛丽，我们得上楼在那儿等着，”妈妈说。所见：Downstairs,waterfloodingintothelivingroomandkitchen.楼下，水涌进了客厅和厨房。所感：Allthreeofthemwerenervous,butatleasttheyhaddisastersupplies,includingfoodanddrinkingwater.他们三个人都很紧张，但至少他们有救灾物资，包括食物和饮用水。细节举例

所做：Maryandherfamilycouldnotleavewhilethehousewasstillflooded.玛丽和她的家人不能离开，因为房子还在被洪水淹没。

所闻：Theylistenedtotheradioandlearntthatrescueworkerswerecomingtorescuepeoplewhoweretrappedintheirhomes.他们从收音机里得知救援人员正在赶来营救被困在家中的人。所感：Totheirrelief,rescueworkersandvolunteersarrivedattheirhouseinaboat,helpingthemgetoutofthefloodedhouse.让他们感到宽慰的是，救援人员和志愿者乘船到达他们的房子，帮助他们离开被水淹没的房子。细节举例动作描写：Leave:waveone'shandswildly疯狂挥手yellwithallone'sstrength用力喊moveforwardslowly向前缓慢移动Stay:move/goupstairs上楼claspsb.inone'sarm紧抱Savedbyothers:carrysb.totheboat带某人上船withonehandgraspeachother&theotherholdingtheboattightly(手牵住彼此，另一只手抓紧船只)Savethemselves:washbasin水盆flashlight

手电筒bedboard床板swimmingring游泳圈情感表达：breatheasighofrelief松了口气burstintotears大哭起来fallintodespair陷入绝望Afloodof+n.(gratitude/honor...)overwhelmedsb.（一种(......的情绪）涌上心头。)Itseemedlikeacenturytowait.（形容等待时间漫长)主题表达:standtogetherthroughthickandthin(风雨同舟)uniteandworkasone(同心协力，团结一致)Itwas+(强调内容:love/persistence/...)+thatconquersfearanddifficulty.(......可克服恐惧和困难)Withone'sjointeffort,wecandefinitelystaysafeandsoundinthecombatagainst+sth.(在共同努力之下，面对......我们一定能安然无恙。）04技法点拨：

跟着课文写技巧1.人物情感描写让人物形象栩栩如生CharacterEmotionsExamplesWritingtipsFather

Calm,cautious,andalittleworried

Dadwaslisteningtoaweatherreportontheradio.——calmactiondescription“No,”saidDad.“It'stoolate!Theradiosaysthecityhasalreadybeenflooded.”——cautiousdialoguedescription“Don’topenthedoor!”shoutedMumandDadatthesametime.

“Thewatermayfloodin!”——cautiousdialoguedescriptionDadmovedthedinnertableagainstthedoor,incasethefloodwaterforcedthedooropen.——cautiousactiondescriptionWithoutsayingasingleword,Dadwalkedtothesofa,satdownandhuggedhiswifeanddaughter.——alittleworriedactiondescriptionMum

Worriedandtryingtokeepcalm

...Mumwasputtingtheirimportantdocumentsanddisastersuppliesintoabag.——Worriedactiondescription“Wecan'tdothat,honey,”explainedMum,“otherwisethemovingwatercouldwashthecaraway!”——Worrieddialoguedescription“Don'topenthedoor!”shoutedMumandDadatthesametime.“Thewatermayfloodin!”——WorrieddialoguedescriptionMumwavedtoMarytositonthesofa.“Mary,don'tworry.Everything'sgoingtobeOK,”shesaidsoftly,tryingherbesttocomfortMary.Hervoicewascalm,butMarycouldtellshewasworriedtoo.——tryingtokeepcalmdialoguedescription1.人物情感描写让人物形象栩栩如生CharacterEmotionsExamplesWritingtipsMary

Nervous,scaredandcurious

Marywaslookingthroughthewindowsattheendlessrainoutside.Ithadbeenrainingnon-stopforthreedays.Shehadneverseenastormthisbad——Nervousenvironmentaldescription“Mum,Dad,”saidMarysuddenly,“Ithinkweshouldleavehererightaway.”——scareddialoguedescription“Wecandriveourcarthroughthefloodwater!Let’sjustleave.I'mreallyscared!”criedMary.——scareddialoguedescriptionMarywalkedtothedoor.Shewascurioustoseehowmuchwatertherewasoutside.——curiousactiondescription1.不定式作宾语补足语丰富句子表达，使文章更加生动和具体⑴MumwavedtoMarytositonthesofa.妈妈挥手让玛丽坐在沙发上。（不定式作宾语补足语）2.不定式作原因状语使人物情感或态度更饱满(2)Shewascurioustoseehowmuchwatertherewasoutside.她很好奇外面有多少水。（不定式作原因定语）3.不定式作目的状语使人物实现某个目的而进行的动作更明确(3)...shesaidsoftly,tryingherbesttocomfortMary.她轻声说，尽力安慰玛丽。（不定式作目的状语）2.活用不定式作宾语补足语、原因状语和目的状语，使文章提档升级使用本单元所学语法(动词不定式作定语和结果状语)知识补全下面语段Asweallknow,naturaldisastershappeneveryyear.Theyaredestructive,causingmanydeathsandinjuries.Afteraterribledisaster,peoplereturntotheirhomesonly1.___________________(发现一切被破坏了).Peopleshouldlearn2._____________________(保护自己的一些方法)toincreasechancesofsurvivingindisasters.Whenadisasteroccurs,thefirstthing3.________(要做)istokeepyourheadclear.Otherwise,youmaybetooscaredto4.________________(采取适当的措施)toescape.Withmoreknowledgeofdisasters,people5.________________(能够应对)emergencyproperly.举一反三tofindeverythingdestroyedsomewaystoprotectthemselvestodotakeproperstepsareabletodealwith05写作实践：Task1:写一篇自然灾害的演讲稿“自然灾害与防范”话题文章旨在帮助我们认识自然灾害的巨大破坏力，增加我们对这种自然灾害的认识，掌握在遇到自然灾害时的自救知识。此类作文的写作要求我们在写作前要先了解该灾害可能造成的损失和危害等基本情况、如何预防自然灾害以及自救的一些基本常识等。在写作时，我们可以从自然灾害发生的原因、发生的过程、应对措施等方面来写。文体特点(1)⑴（常见的）自然灾害类型地震洪水暴风雨台风/飓风干旱话题词汇earthquakefloodstormtyphoon/hurricanedrought(2)灾难发生及后果什么灾害在某时袭击某地爆发垮掉涌入吹倒突然想赶快逃走话题词汇Aterrible/violent/powerful灾害+struck/hit+地点+时间burstoutbreakdowncrowdinblowdownfeelasuddenurgetorunaway(2)灾难发生及后果造成巨大损失变成一个噩梦对财产造成损失使这个地区成为废墟造成令人悲伤的生命损失和破坏话题词汇cause

agreatlossturnintoanightmarecausedamagetopropertyleavetheareainruinscausetragiclossoflifeanddamage(3)应对措施：为……做好充分的准备打电话报警躲避送……去医院（在困境中）保持冷静捐赠衣服、食品和药物话题词汇makeadequatepreparationsfor...callinthepolicetakeshelterfromsend...tohospitalkeepone'sheadkeepcalmdonateclothes,foodandmedicine①Abigfirebrokeout...一场大火突然爆发.②Anearthquakehappenedin/occurredin/hit/struckthedistrict.一场地震袭击了这个地区。③Therehavebeenmanynaturaldisasterssuchasfloods，droughts...有很多自然灾害，如洪水，干旱……1.

段首句：自然灾害的发生话题句式①Aftertheearthquake,water,gasandelectricitywereallcutoff.地震发生后，水、气、电都被切断了。②Thebigfloods，whichoccurredin...,causedgreatlosses.……年发生的大洪水造成了巨大的损失。③Millionsofpeoplesufferedfromthedisasterswhichcausedmanydeaths，destroyedmanyhomesandwipedupmanypiecesofland.数以百万计的人遭受了灾难，造成许多人死亡，摧毁了许多家园，摧毁了许多土地。④TensofthousandsofpeoplelosttheirpreciouslivesowingtothestrongearthquakeinSichuanProvince.四川省发生强烈地震，成千上万的人失去了宝贵的生命。2.主体段落句：自然灾害的危害及应对措施话题句式⑤Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.Buildingsandcarsonstreetsweresweptawaybyhugewavescausedby...（洪水/暴风雨/地震）这个城市里几乎所有的东西都被摧毁了。街道上的建筑物和汽车被巨浪冲走了。⑥Fortunately,thegovernmenttookimmediateaction.Shortlyaftertheearthquakeoccurred,manymedicalrescuersandsoldierswereimmediatelysenttothespot/strickenareatorescuethepeoplefromdanger.幸运的是，政府立即采取了行动。地震发生后不久，很所医疗救援人员和士兵立即被派到灾区营救人员脱离危险。⑦Fortunately,thewholenationofferedtheirhelpinghandsshortlyaftertheearthquake—donatingclothes,foodandmedicine.幸运的是，地震后，整个国家纷纷伸出援助之手——包括捐衣服、食品和药物。2.主体段落句：自然灾害的危害及应对措施话题句式①Thefirelastedabouttwohoursandwasfinallyputoutintheafternoon.大火持续了大约两个小时，终于在下午被扑灭了。②Fortunately，theinjuredpeopleweresenttohospitalwithoutdelay.幸运的是，受伤的人被及时送往医院。③Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofpeople,Tangshanstartedtoreviveitselfandgetbackuponitsfeet.在政府的大力支持和人民的不懈努力下，在地震废墟上新建了唐山。唐山开始恢复自己，重新站起来。④Itistimeforustostopdamagingitandtodoourbesttoprotectitandmakeitsuitabletolivein.是时候让我们停止破坏它，尽我们最大的努力保护它，使它适合居住。3.段尾句：总结/发出呼吁话题句式

假定你是李华，你校正在举办主题为“HowtoDealwithNaturalDisasters”的演讲活动，请你就此主题写一篇演讲稿。要点如下：1.自然灾害造成的损失惨重；

2.应掌握有关自然灾害的知识并做好充分准备；3.自然灾害来临时，要坚定信念，团结一致，保持镇静，努力自救和帮助他人。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________典例赏析1、审题定调本写作为演讲稿，主题为如何应对自然灾害，其核心内容包括“自然灾害的损失惨重、掌握有关自然灾害知识以及面对自然灾害时，相信团结一致定能战胜灾害“等。此类写作一般用第一人称，时态为一般现在时，但有时要根据实际情况有所变化。2、谋篇布局

针对本篇写作任务，我们可以列出以下提纲：第一部分：引出话题——自然灾害的发生；第二部分：自然灾害的危害/应对措施；第三部分：总结观点/发出呼吁。第一步：明确要求、布局谋篇1.自然灾害2.造成令人悲伤的生命损失和破坏3.掌握丰富的自然灾害知识4.为……做好充分的准备5.保持冷静6.坚信7.战胜第二部：搜索话题词汇natural

disastercausetragiclossoflifeanddamagemasterrichknowledgeaboutnaturaldisastersmakeadequatepreparationsfor...keepcalmhaveafirmbelieffightagainstthem（一）完成句子1.自然灾害，如洪水、地震和海啸，随时可能发生。Naturaldisasters,suchasfloods,earthquakesandtsunamis,__________________________.2.它们经常造成令人悲伤的生命损失和破坏。Theyoften____________________________________.3.我们应该掌握丰富的自然灾害知识，做好充分的防灾准备。Weshould______________________aboutnaturaldisastersand______________them.4.俗话说：“人多好办事。”(as引导的非限制定语从句)_________________________,“Manyhandsmakelightwork.”5.只有这样，我们才能最终战胜自然灾害。(倒装句)__________________________naturaldisastersintheend.第三步：巧用话题词汇句式canhappenatanytimecausetragiclossoflifeanddamagemasterrichknowledgemakeadequatepreparationsforAstheoldsayinggoesOnlyinthiswaycanwedefeat（二）斟酌词句，靓化表达6.将句1、句2合并成非限制定语从句。______________________________________________________________________________________.第三步：巧用话题词汇句式

naturaldisasters,suchasfloods,earthquakesandtsunamis,canhappenatanytime,whichoftencausetragiclossoflifeanddamageHowtoDealwithNaturalDisastersNaturaldisasters,suchasfloods,earthquakesandtsunamis,canhappenat