上海市杨浦区高三上学期模拟质量调研（一模）英语试卷

杨浦区2025学年度第一学期高三年级模拟质量调研英语学科考生注意：1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。I.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.DehorningRhinos(犀牛)HelpsSaveThemAccordingtonewresearch,cuttingoffrhinos’hornsreducesthepoaching(偷猎)oftheanimalsbynearly80%.Rhinosarehuntedfortheirhorns,andscientiststhinktherearenowfewerthan28,000rhinos____1____(leave)intheworld.AteamofresearchersstudieddifferentrhinoprotectionmethodsusedinGreaterKrugerNationalPark,SouthAfrica,between2017and2023.About25%ofAfrica’srhinopopulationlivesinGreaterKruger,andtheresearcherswantedtofindout____2____methodsworkedwell.Theprotectionmethods____3____studiedincludedusingdetectioncameras,trackingdogs,helicopters,andguardstokeepaneyeoutforpoachers.Morethan700poacherswerearrested,buttheresearchersfoundthat____4____(arrest)theillegalhuntersdidn’tsignificantlyreducethenumberofrhinosthatwerekilled.____5____(call)themethod“dehorning”,theresearchersarenowcuttingofftherhinos’hornsinanattempttoprotectthem.Thisdoesn’thurttheanimalsbecausetheirhornsaremadeofkeratin,thesamesubstancethat____6____(make)uphumanhairandfingernails.Thehornscangrowbackovertime,sotheaveragerhinoneedstobedehornedevery18months____7____twoyears.Theresearchersfoundthatdehorningreducedpoachingby78%.Whiledehorningrhinoscansavetheanimals’lives,anotherstudydiscoveredthatthemethodchangestheirbehavior.Itfoundthatdehornedrhinosare____8____(likely)togetinvolvedinsocialinteractionswithotherrhinos,andtheareatheychoosetocoverastheywanderismuchsmaller.Scientiststhinkthat____9____rhinosusetheirhornsinbattlestoprotecttheirterritory,withoutahorntheymaybeemorecarefulandavoidconflicts.Researchersmaintainthataddressingtherootcausesofillegalhunting____10____bethetoppriorityforalongtermsolution,insteadofdehorningrhinos.【答案】1.left2.which3.they4.arresting5Calling6.makes7.to8.lesslikely9.sincebecauseas10.shouldmust【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了给犀牛去角以减少偷猎的研究、该方法的效果，以及其对犀牛行为的影响和长期解决方案的建议。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：犀牛因犀角被猎杀，科学家认为目前全球仅存不足28000头犀牛。句中已有谓语are，此空应是非谓语。rhinos与leave是动宾关系，应用过去分词left。故填left。【2题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：非洲大约25%的犀牛生活在大克鲁格，研究人员想找出哪些方法效果好。根据本段首句“Ateamofresearchersstudieddifferentrhinoprotectionmethods”可知，

保护犀牛的方法已有范围限定，此空引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语，意为“哪些”，应用which。故填which。【3题详解】考查代词。句意：他们研究的保护方法包括使用探测摄像机、追踪犬、直升机和警卫来监视偷猎者。根据“theresearcherswantedtofindout__2__methodsworkedwell.”可知，此空指代前句里的theresearchers，应用代词they。theystudied是省略了that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词Theprotectionmethods。故填they。【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：700多名偷猎者被捕，但研究人员发现逮捕非法猎人并未显著减少犀牛被杀的数量。此处作宾语从句的主语，应用动名词arresting。故填arresting。【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员将这种方法称为“去角”，现在正切断犀角以保护它们。句中已有谓语arecuttingoff，此空应是非谓语。theresearchers与call是主谓关系，应用现在分词Calling。首字母大写。故填Calling。【6题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这不会伤害到它们，因为犀角由角蛋白构成，这种物质也构成人类的毛发和指甲。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词substance(单数)，且substance与makeup是主谓关系，从句谓语应用makes。故填makes。【7题详解】考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，犀牛角会重新长出来，所以犀牛平均每18个月到两年就需要去一次角。根据“needstobedehornedevery18months__7__twoyears”可知，此空应用介词to表示范围，意为每18个月到两年。故填to。【8题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：去角的犀牛不太可能参与社交互动。根据下文“theareatheychoosetocoverastheywanderismuchsmaller”及“withoutahorntheymaybeemorecarefulandavoidconflicts”可知，此处表“更不可能”，应用lesslikely。故填lesslikely。【9题详解】考查连词。句意：科学家认为，因为犀牛用犀角在争斗中保护领地，没有犀角它们会更谨慎，避免冲突。根据前后句的逻辑关系可知，此处引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”，用because/since/as。故填because/since/as。【10题详解】考查情态动词。句意：研究人员认为，解决非法狩猎的根源应是/必须是长期解决方案的首要任务，而不是去犀牛角。根据语境可知，此处表建议、义务或必须，用情态动词should/must。故填should/must。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.challengedB.shapesC.raisingD.projectionsE.separatedF.coreG.autonomousH.buildingI.imperfectJ.perceivedK.clarityDoINeedtoParentMyOnlyChildinaDifferentWay?Q:Ihaveanonlychild,andpeopleoftenmentaboutthembeingatriskofbeingspoiled,selfish,orunabletosocialize.NowI’mworryingabouthowIcanmakesureIamraisingmychildintherightway.A:Firstly,IwanttosayIamdeeplysorrythatanyonewouldmakesuchments.Theseideasabout“who”yourchildmaybeare____11____ofthatperson’sanxietiesanddisfort,andaresadlyignorant.Britishconcernsaboutonlychildren’ssocialdevelopmentemergedin1850,linkingtheir____12____spoilingtoinsufficientpeerinteractionandextremelyhighadultcontactthroughoutthe19th20thcenturies.Recentresearchhas____13____theseassumptionsandshowntherearenosignificantdifferencesbetweenchildrenwhohavesiblings(兄弟姐妹)andthosewhodon’t.Infact,somestudiesreportthatonlychildrenmaybemoreconfident,emotionallystrong,andhaveabetterqualityoflife.Butthesefindingscannotbe____14____fromtheconofmostofthisresearchtakingplacewithinmiddleclassfamilies.Whatwecansaywith____15____isthatonlychildrenaremuchmorelikeotherchildren(whohavesiblings)thantheyaredifferent.Thetruthis,it’snotthenumberofsiblingsachildhasthat____16____themintotheadulttheybee.Theirrelationshipwiththeirparentsactuallyhasthegreatestinfluenceontheirdevelopment.So,ifyouwanttoraiseyourchildwell,keepfocusingontherelationshipyouare____17____withthem,andgetcuriousaboutwhotheyareandwhattheyaretryingtomunicateandexpress.Learntoacceptyourmistakesasaparentandofferyourchildrepairwhenyougetthingswrong.Parentingismessy,and____18____yourchildrightisgoingtolookdifferentforeveryone,butatthe____19____ofeverythingyoudoisloveforyourchild.Love,however,is____20____,soletgoofthepressuretogetit“right”ortoparentyourchilddifferentlybecausetheydon’thavesiblingsand,instead,enjoytheparentingjourneywiththem.【答案】11.projections12.perceived13.challenged14.separated15.clarity16.shapes17.building18.raising19.core20.imperfect【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了独生子女是否需要以不同的方式养育的问题，指出人们对独生子女的看法往往是基于个人焦虑和无知，并阐述了影响孩子成长的关键因素是亲子关系而非兄弟姐妹的数量。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：这些关于你的孩子可能成为“什么样的人”的看法，是那个人自身焦虑和不安的投射，并且可悲地体现出无知。根据“ofthatperson’sanxietiesanddisfort”可知，此处指这些看法是个人内心感受的外在投射，projections意为“投射”，为名词，符合句意。故填projections。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：英国对独生子女社交发展的担忧始于1850年，在整个19至20世纪，人们将他们被察觉到的宠溺归因于同伴互动不足和成人接触过多。根据“emergedin1850”和“spoiling”可推知，人们开始察觉到对独生子女的宠溺，perceive意为“察觉，注意到”，修饰名词spoiling，用过去分词形式perceived作定语。故填perceived。【13题详解】考查动词和时态。句意：最近的研究对这些假设提出了质疑，并表明有兄弟姐妹的孩子和没有兄弟姐妹的孩子之间没有显著差异。根据“theseassumptionsandshowntherearenosignificantdifferences”可知，新研究否定了旧有假设，动词challenge意为“质疑”，作谓语，用过去分词形式构成现在完成时态haschallenged。故填challenged。【14题详解】考查动词和语态。句意：但这些发现不能脱离大多数研究是在中产阶级家庭背景下进行的这一情境。根据句意和“fromthecon”可知，此处指研究结果与背景不可分割，用动词separate作谓语，意为“分离”，与主语thesefindings之间是被动关系，应用过去分词构成被动语态beseparated。故填separated。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：我们可以明确地说，独生子女与有兄弟姐妹的孩子之间的相似之处远多于不同之处。根据“with...cansaywith...”可知，此处表示说话的确信程度，withclarity意为“明确地”，名词clarity意为“清晰；明确”，作宾语。故填clarity。【16题详解】考查动词和主谓一致。句意：事实上，塑造孩子成为什么样的大人的不是他们兄弟姐妹的数量。根据“themintotheadulttheybee”可知，此处指“塑造”其成长，动词shapes意为“塑造”，作强调句中谓语动词，“thenumberofsiblings”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故填shapes。【17题详解】考查动词和时态。句意：所以，如果你想养育好你的孩子，继续关注你与他们建立的关系，并对他们是谁以及他们试图传达和表达的内容感到好奇。根据“therelationshipyouare”以及“withthem”可知，此处表示你与他们建立的关系，动词build意为“建立”，作谓语，用现在分词形式构成现在进行时态are

building。故填building。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：养育孩子是混乱的，正确地养育孩子对每个人来说都是不同的，但你所做的一切的核心都是对孩子的爱。根据前文“Parenting”及此处语境可知，此处指“抚养”孩子这种行为，动词raise意为“养育”，作主语，用动名词形式raising。故填raising。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：养育孩子是混乱的，正确地养育孩子对每个人来说都是不同的，但你所做的一切的核心都是对孩子的爱。根据“ofeverythingyoudoisloveforyourchild”可知，此处表示但你所做的一切的核心都是对孩子的爱，atthecoreof意为“在……的核心”，名词core意为“核心”，符合句意。故填core。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，爱是不完美的，所以不要因为要“正确”地养育孩子或因为孩子没有兄弟姐妹而以不同的方式养育他们而感到压力，而是要和他们一起享受养育孩子的旅程。根据“soletgoofthepressuretogetit“right”ortoparentyourchilddifferentlybecausetheydon’thavesiblingsand,instead,enjoytheparentingjourneywiththem”可知，此处表示爱是不完美的，形容词imperfect意为“不完美的”，符合句意，作表语。故填imperfect。II.ReadingprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.FillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitstheconheSunkCostEffectIneconomics,thesunkcosteffectisinfamous.Itoccurswheneverwedoubledownon____21____financialdecisionsbasedonpastinvestmentsthatcan’tberecovered.MarketingprofessorChristopherOlivolapointstoafewwaysthatthesunkcosteffectistiedtoyourwallet.Youmightsitthroughtheentiretyofamoviethatyou____22____fromthebeginning,forinstance,ifonlytojustifythecostoftheticket.Similarly,youmight____23____hittingthegym,evenaftersustainingapainfulinjury,ifyourexpensivemembershipisnonrefundable.“Butwhatishappeninginallthesesituationsisthatyou’renotreallygettingbackthatmoney,orwhateveritisyouinvested,”‌saysOlivola.“That’spartofwhyit’snot____24____.”Thesunkcosteffectcanplayout____25____too.Researchershavetiedthesamefaultyreasoningtoongoinginvestmentsinfossilfuels,despiteincreasinglyavailableenergy____26____andalarmingclimatepredictions.The____27____ofthesunkcosteffectisaphenomenonthat’sbeenstudiedtimeandtimeagain.Butresearchersstillhaven’tquite____28____thereasonhumanskeepfallingforit.Basedonhisownresearch,Olivolatendsto____29____ourdesiretoreducewaste.‌“Wedisliketoseeourselvesorothersaswasteful,”hesays.Anotherpossiblereason?Wetendtoopenupamental‌“bankaccount”wheneverweinvestmoney,time,oreffortintosomething,hesays.Subsequently,theonlywaywecanthen“close”thisaccountisbygettingour____30____money’sworth.Incertaincircumstances,thesunkcosteffectcouldactuallyhelpyouachievemajor____31____likebeingmorefitorfinishingadegree.Butifyoufindyourself____32____topastdecisionsyoucan’tchange,thesunkcosteffectisnolongerbeneficial.How,then,doweoverethismindset?Whenitesto____33____theeffort,time,ormoneyothershaveinvestedinus,it’simportanttorememberthatourfriendsandfamilymembersdon’tactuallywantustosufferattheirexpense.Don’tfeeltoobadifyoustillfindyourself____34____.EvenforOlivola,whohasspentmorethantwodecadesstudyingthesesortsofthings,thesunkcostphenomenoncanstillbe____35____.“So,youknow,ifyoucanovereit,you’rebetterthanme,”headds.21.A.poor B.emotional C.wise D.hesitant22.A.enjoyed B.hated C.reviewed D.followed23.A.postpone B.avoid C.continue D.imagine24.A.natural B.primitive C.formal D.logical25.A.onalargerscale B.fromamoreacademicangle C.onamoreregularbasis D.withgreaterintensity26.A.statistics B.alternatives C.consumptions D.reserves27.A.economics B.psychology C.physiology D.history28.A.respondedto B.putforward C.reflectedon D.pinneddown29.A.control B.analyze C.exploit D.blame30.A.private B.foreign C.symbolic D.real31.A.discoveries B.goals C.reforms D.victories32.A.anchored B.opposed C.directed D.applied33.A.honoring B.defining C.ignoring D.regretting34.A.marching B.changing C.losing D.struggling35.A.impersonal B.inferior C.irresistible D.irreplaceable【答案】21A22.B23.C24.D25.A26.B27.B28.D29.D30.D31.B32.A33.A34.D35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了经济学中的“沉没成本效应”，即人们倾向于依据无法收回的既往投入而继续做出非理性决策的现象，探讨了其在日常生活、大型项目中的表现，以及背后的心理原因和可能的应对方法。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每当我们基于无法收回的既往投入而加倍坚持糟糕的财务决策时，它就会发生。A.poor糟糕的；B.emotional情绪的；C.wise明智的；D.hesitant犹豫的。根据前文“infamous(声名狼藉的)”和第二段中所举的明知电影难看仍坚持看完的例子可知，这种行为是“糟糕的”决策。故选A项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，你可能会坚持看完一部你从一开始就不喜欢的电影，仅仅是为了让票价值得。A.enjoyed享受；B.hated不喜欢，讨厌；C.reviewed复习；D.followed跟随。根据后文“ifonlytojustifythecostoftheticket”可知，坚持看完电影仅仅是为了让票价值得，所以你应该是“不喜欢”这部电影。故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同样，如果你的昂贵会员资格不可退款，即使受了伤，你可能也会继续去健身房。A.postpone推迟；B.avoid避免；C.continue继续；D.imagine想象。根据前文“Youmightsitthroughtheentiretyofamoviethatyou2fromthebeginning,forinstance,ifonlytojustifythecostoftheticket.”和“Similarly”可推知，人们会为了让票价值得而坚持看完一部从一开始就不喜欢的电影，同样，为了让健身房会费值得，即使受伤，人们也会“继续”去健身房。故选C项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：奥利沃拉说：“但所有这些情况中发生的事情是，你并没有真正收回那笔钱，或者你投入的任何东西。这就是为什么它不合逻辑的部分原因。”A.natural自然的；B.primitive原始的；C.formal正式的；D.logical逻辑的。根据前文奥利沃拉的解释“Butwhatishappeninginallthesesituationsisthatyou’renotreallygettingbackthatmoney,orwhateveritisyouinvested”可知，既然投入无法收回，继续投入就是非理性的，因此“不合逻辑”。故选D项。【25题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：沉没成本效应也可能在更大规模上上演。A.onalargerscale在更大规模上；B.fromamoreacademicangle从更学术的角度；C.onamoreregularbasis更经常地；D.withgreaterintensity以更大的强度。根据后文“ongoinginvestmentsinfossilfuels”以及“climatepredictions”可知，这是在讨论国家或全球层面的问题，是“更大规模”的体现。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员将同样的错误推理与对化石燃料的持续投资联系起来，尽管越来越有可用的能源替代品和令人担忧的气候预测。A.statistics统计数据；B.alternatives替代品；C.consumptions消耗；D.reserves储备。“despite”表示的转折关系，结合“increasinglyavailableenergy”可推知，与前文“fossilfuels”相对的是其他能源“替代品”。故选B项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：沉没成本效应的心理学是一种被反复研究的现象。A.economics经济学；B.psychology心理学；C.physiology生理学；D.history历史。根据后文“thereasonhumanskeepfallingforit”以及 Olivola所讨论的“desiretoreducewaste”等心理动机可知，沉没成本效应主要关乎人的决策心理，属于“心理学”范畴。故选B项。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但研究人员仍未完全确定人类一直深陷其中的原因。A.respondedto回应；B.putforward提出；C.reflectedon反思；D.pinneddown确定，确切解释。根据前文“aphenomenonthat’sbeenstudiedtimeandtimeagain”和后文“Butresearchersstillhaven’tquite”可推知，虽然被反复研究，但其原因并未被完全“确定”。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：基于他自己的研究，奥利沃拉倾向于归咎于我们减少浪费的欲望。A.control控制；B.analyze分析；C.exploit利用；D.blame归咎于，归因于。根据后文“Wedisliketoseeourselvesorothersaswasteful”可知，这是他对原因的一种解释，即把沉没成本效应的原因“归咎于”这种心理。故选D项。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说，随后，我们能够“关闭”这个账户的唯一方式就是获得我们实际投入的金钱的价值。A.private私人的；B.foreign外国的；C.symbolic象征性的；D.real真正的，实际的。根据前文“Wetendtoopenupamental‌“bankaccount”wheneverweinvestmoney,time,oreffortintosomething”的比喻，我们投入的是“实际的”金钱、时间或精力，因此希望获得“实际的”价值。故选D项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在某些情况下，沉没成本效应实际上可能帮助你实现诸如变得更健康或完成学位等主要目标。A.discoveries发现；B.goals目标；C.reforms改革；D.victories胜利。根据后文“likebeingmorefitorfinishingadegree”可知，这些都是个人想要实现的“目标”。故选B项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但如果你发现自己被无法改变的过去决定所束缚，沉没成本效应就不再有益了。A.anchored锚定，使固定；B.opposed反对；C.directed引导；D.applied应用。根据后文“topastdecisionsyoucan’tchange,thesunkcosteffectisnolongerbeneficial.”可推知，如果被过去的决定“束缚”或“困住”，沉没成本效应就不能带来益处。“beanchoredto”是固定搭配，意为“被……固定住”。故选A项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当涉及到尊重他人为我们付出的努力、时间或金钱时，重要的是要记住，我们的朋友和家人实际上并不希望我们为了他们而受苦。A.honoring尊重，兑现；B.defining定义；C.ignoring忽视；D.regretting后悔。根据后文“theeffort,time,ormoneyothershaveinvestedinus”可知，他人为我们付出的努力、时间或金钱，是值得“尊重”的。故选A项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你发现自己仍在困境中挣扎，不要感觉太糟糕。A.marching行进；B.changing改变；C.losing失败；D.struggling在困境中挣扎。根据前文“Don’tfeeltoobad”和后文“EvenforOlivola,whohasspentmorethantwodecadesstudyingthesesortsofthings,thesunkcostphenomenoncanstillbe15.”可知，专家都难以克服“沉没成本效应”，所以普通人在困境中挣扎是很正常的。故选D项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是花了二十多年研究这类事物的奥利沃拉，沉没成本现象仍然可能是不可抗拒的。A.impersonal非个人的；B.inferior劣等的；C.irresistible不可抗拒的；D.irreplaceable不可替代的。根据前文“Don’tfeeltoobadifyoustillfindyourself14.”的安慰以及后文“ifyoucanovereit,you’rebetterthanme”的玩笑可知，这种现象极其普遍且难以抵抗。故选C项。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)KathyXuhadalwayswantedtoseeasharkinthewild.Theopportunityfinallycamein2011,whenshewentonasnorkellingtrip(浮潜之旅).Notonlywasshenotscaredofthewhaleshark,thethen29yearoldwassoinspiredbyitsbeautyandgracethattearssprangtohereyesinsidehersnorkelmask.AfterreturninghometoSingapore,XulearnedaboutthesharktradetakingplaceatoneofIndonesia’slargestfishmarkets,wheresharkpartsincludingmeatandteetharecutupforexport,withthefinsbeingthemostprized.Curious,XupackedherbagsandheadedtoTanjungLuar,ontheislandofLombok.There,shespokewithseveralfishermen.Sharkfishingisriskyandinvolveshardphysicalwork,butitisoneofthefewwaysforthemtoprovidefortheirfamilies.Thefishermenwereknowledgeableandfeltagreatsenseofprideforthelocalsealife.OncetheyheardthatXulikedtosnorkel,theyurgedhertovisitthecoralreefs(珊瑚礁)nearthefishmarket.Thereefswerebreathtaking,overflowingwithlifeandcolour.Xuwasconfidentthatecotourismwasthesolution.“ItoldthemI'dpaythemtotaketouristsouttoseethesesnorkellinghotspots,”shesays.Inlate2012,XuquitherfulltimeteachingjobtofocusonbuildingTheDorsalEffect.Inlate2013,TheDorsalEffectlauncheditsfirstboattrip.Snorkellerspaid＄120foraonedayexcursiontoexploreplacesthatthelocalfishermenknowaboutbutcouldnotbefoundonaGooglesearch.Itprovidesamuchmorereliableineforthefishermenthantheunstableandoftendangerousjobofsharkfishing.Fornow,Xu,41,isproudofthesmallchangessheseeshappeningonLombok,fromthefishermenwhonowhaveanewwaytoearnaninetotheschoolchildrenwholearnaboutsharksontourswithTheDorsalEffect.Inthepastdecade,globaldemandforsharkfinshasdeclined—apromisingresultofconservationcampaigns—butstrictergovernmentregulationisneeded.36.HowdidKathyXufeelthefirsttimeshesawasharkinthewild?A.Scared. B.Curious. C.Sad. D.Moved.37.WhatwasspecialaboutthesnorkelingsitesofferedbyXu'steam?A.Theywereonlyaccessibletoexperienceddivers.B.Theywerepopulardestinationslistedontravelwebsites.C.Theywereexclusivelocationsknownonlytolocalfishermen.D.Theywereprotectedareaswithrestrictedaccess.38.WhatcanbelearnedaboutTheDorsalEffect?A.Itisprimarilyfocusedonprovidingentertainmentfortourists.B.Itprovidesamorereliableineforlocalfishermen.C.Ithassuccessfullyeliminatedthedemandforsharkfins.D.Itwasfundedbyaformerschoolteachertofocusonconservation.39.Themainideaofthepassagecanbeconcludedas_________.A.anecofriendlywayoflivingforfishermenworldwideB.aninnovativeecotourismventuretohelptacklesharkfishingC.apersonaljourneyfromawatersportenthusiasttoamarineresearcherD.asuccessfulbusinessmodeltobineconservationwitheducation【答案】36.D37.C38.B39.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了KathyXu因野外遇鲨鱼受触动，创办生态旅游项目TheDorsalEffect的故事。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Notonlywasshenotscaredofthewhaleshark,thethen29yearoldwassoinspiredbyitsbeautyandgracethattearssprangtohereyesinsidehersnorkelmask.(不仅不害怕鲸鲨，这位当时29岁女士还被它的美丽与优雅深深打动，浮潜面罩里的眼泪都涌了出来)”可知，KathyXu第一次在野外看到鲨鱼时是感动的。故选D项。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Inlate2012,XuquitherfulltimeteachingjobtofocusonbuildingTheDorsalEffect.Inlate2013,TheDorsalEffectlauncheditsfirstboattrip.

Snorkellerspaid＄120foraonedayexcursiontoexploreplacesthatthelocalfishermenknowaboutbutcouldnotbefoundonaGooglesearch.(2012年底，Xu辞去了全职教学工作，专注于构建TheDorsalEffect。2013年底，TheDorsalEffect推出了第一次乘船旅行。浮潜者支付120美元参加一日游，探索当地渔民知道但在谷歌搜索中找不到的地方)”可知，Xu团队提供的浮潜点是仅当地渔民知晓的专属地点。故选C项。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Itprovidesamuchmorereliableineforthefishermenthantheunstableandoftendangerousjobofsharkfishing.(相比鲨鱼捕捞这种不稳定且危险的工作，它为渔民提供了更可靠的收入)”可知，TheDorsalEffect为当地渔民提供了更稳定的收入来源。故选B项。【39题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“ Xu,41,isproudofthesmallchangessheseeshappeningonLombok,fromthefishermenwhonowhaveanewwaytoearnaninetotheschoolchildrenwholearnaboutsharksontourswithTheDorsalEffect.Inthepastdecade,globaldemandforsharkfinshasdeclined—apromisingresultofconservationcampaigns(41岁的Xu为她在龙目岛看到的微小变化感到自豪，从渔民现在有了新的收入来源，到学生们在TheDorsalEffect的旅行中了解了鲨鱼。在过去十年里，全球对鱼翅的需求下降了——这是保护运动的一个可喜的结果)”及通读全文可知，全文围绕KathyXu通过开展生态旅游项目，既帮助渔民摆脱鲨鱼捕捞的危险工作，又推动鲨鱼保护展开，因此核心是“创新的生态旅游项目助力解决鲨鱼捕捞问题”。故选B项。(B)ASKUSANYTHINGHowdoyougrowplantsinthedark?Plantsarecrucialtohumansurvival,evenwhenthere’snosunlight.ButdealingwithdarknessissecondnatureforsomeonelikeHowardLevine,chiefscientistforNASA’sISSResearchOffice.Spacemightbeanextremeexample,butenclosed,darkhabitaonthegroundtoo.Keepingyourhouseplantsaliveinwindowlessroomsorduringshortwinterdayscanbeachallenge.Luckily,therearestrategieestohelp,evenwhentheirsunnysourceofenergyislimited.MiniindoorgreenhousesDarknessusuallymeansadeclineinnaturalheat.InIceland,horticulturistJamesMcDanielusesgeothermal(地热的)heatinhisgreenhousestoprotecthisplants.Eachofthestructureshasholesbeneaththatstretchdeeptoapocketofsteaming—hotwater,heexplains.“Youcanchannelthatsteamintothepipesthroughthegreenhouseandusenaturalairflowtokeepthetemperatureasetrange.“Butyoudon’tneedvolcanicenergytorunaminiindoorgreenhouse,whichcanbeassimpleasputtingacabinetorshelftogether.Aheatercanaddwarmth,althoughyoumightwanttopairitwithadampnessregulatortokeepfromdryingyourhouseplantsout.Forindividualplants,glasscoverscantrapheatfromlimitedsunlightandalsoenclosewatervapors,whichprotectplantsfromtheairconditionerinthesummerandtheheaterinthewinter.GrowlightsPlantgrowlightsprovideaneasyandaccessibleenergyboostindarkspaces.Thesespecializedlightrayshavedifferentfeatures,colors,andprices.LEDs,forinstance,arethecheapestandmostenergyefficientoption,usingaboutathirdoftheelectricityofoldlightbulbs.Whilemostdevicessticktoawarmwhiteband,plantsresponddifferentlytovariouscolorwavelengths.InLevine’sexperimentsonEarth,redlightworkedwellforthethinfloweringplantsArabidopsis.ButintheISS’sweightlessenvironment,theystretchedintofunnyshapesuntilhestartedaddingbluelights.BrightsurfacesIfelectricityisalimitingfactor,youcantrytoreflectlightwithmirrors.Evenbrighteningupyourspacewithwhitedecor,likealightcoloredtablecloth,willcastalittleglowontoyourplants.Themakeupofyourindoorgardenwilldictatehowmuchbrightnessyouneedtoadd,Levineexplains.SomeplantsincludinglettuceandtomatoesneedmorelightthanthoselikeArabidopsis.Therefore,researchtheplants’nativerangestolearnhowmuchsunshinethey’dnaturallyget.40.Ifagardenerisplanningtosetupaminiindoorgreenhouseinaroomwithlimitedsunlight,whichofthefollowingsetupswouldbemosteffectiveformaintainingasuitableenvironmentforplantgrowth?A.Acabinetwithaheaterandadampnessregulator.B.Ashelfwithglasscoversfornaturalairflow.C.Agreenhousewithholesconnectedtoageothermalheatsource.D.Agreenhousewithsteampipesforcontrollingvolcanicenergy.41.Theprimarypurposeofusinggrowlightsforplantsindarkenvironmentsis_________A.toprovideadditionalheatB.tocreateadecorativeeffectC.tosupplyenergythroughlightD.toabsorblightusingspecialdevices42.Accordingtothearticle,whichmethodmayworkwellforreflectinglighttohelpplantsgrow?A.Usingdarkcoloredtablecloths.B.Paintingwallswhite.C.ReplacinglightbulbswithLEDlamps.D.Removingmirrorsfromthegarden.【答案】40.A41.C42.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了在光线不足环境下种植植物的方法，包括小型室内温室的搭建、生长灯的使用及反光表面的应用等策略。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据Mini

indoor

greenhouses部分“Aheatercanaddwarmth,althoughyoumightwanttopairitwithadampnessregulatortokeepfromdryingyourhouseplantsout.(加热器可以增加温度，不过你可能需要搭配一个湿度调节器，以免室内植物干枯)”可知，在光照有限的房间搭建小型室内温室时，配备加热器和湿度调节器的橱柜能维持适宜的温湿度环境。故选A项。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据Grow

lights部分“Plantgrowlightsprovideaneasyandaccessibleenergyboostindarkspaces.(植物生长灯能在阴暗环境中轻松便捷地为植物补充生长所需的能量)”可知，补光灯的核心作用是通过光线为植物提供生长所需的能量。故选C项。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据Bright

surfaces部分“Brighteningupyourspacewithwhitedecor,likealightcoloredtablecloth,willcastalittleglowontoyourplants.(用白色装饰，如浅色桌布，提亮空间，会为植物投射少量光线)”可知，将墙壁刷成白色，类似用白色装饰的效果，它能反射光线，帮助植物生长。故选B项。(C)Whenafireatasupplier’sfactoryforcedatemporaryshutdownattheplantofalargeEuropeanmanufacturerofconsumergoods,TimSchweisfurthandhiscolleaguesattheTechnicalUniversityofMunichfoundasurprisingupside:Theidleness(闲散)ledtoanoutpouringofideasforimprovements.Theconclusion:UnexpectedInterruptionsCanBoostCreativity.Wediscoveredthiswhenwelookedattheonlinesystemthepanyusedtocollectplantworkers’ideasandsuggestions.Peoplecouldentersubmissionswhenevertheywereonsite.Someproposedsmallchangeslikereplacingworntools;others,majorones,suchasanewpaintorderingsystemthatsavedthefirm€280,000ayear.The8,500employeesinthepartoftheplantthatshutdownweresenthomeforfourdays.Inthethreeweeksaftertheyreturnedtowork,theyproduced58%moreideasthanuninterruptedemployeesdid.Inaddition,theirideaswerehigherquality:Managersratedtheacceptedsubmissionsanddeterminedthatthosefromsidelinedemployeeswereroughlythreepercentagepointsbetterthanthosefromotherworkers.Wealsostudiedanunexpectedinterruptionattheplantthatdidn’tleadtoidletime:afloodthatrequiredemployeestocleanupthedamage.Thatincidentloweredcreativeperformancebecauseworkershadtoswitchtheirattentiontothenewtask.Asimilarthinghappenswhenyourfocusimmediatelyshiftsafterasocialmediaappbeepstosignalanewpost.Therearemanygoodreasonstotakeavacation,butourresearchdoesn’tsuggestitwillimproveyourcreativityatwork,becauseitwouldn’tbeanunexpectedinterruption.Whenwelookedatathirdkindofinterruptionattheplanendedweekends—wefoundnoincreaseinemployeesuggestionsafterpeoplereturnedtowork.Wethinkthereasonhastodowithsocalledattentionresidue—thesweetspotforcreativity.It’swhenourmindscontinuetothinkoversomethingthat’simportanttousevenafterwe’vemovedontoanotheractivity.Thinkofallthetimesyou’vehadabreakthroughmomentintheshowerorwhilepushingacartaroundthegrocerystore.Thoseinsightsallresultedfromyourbrain’sbehindthescenesperseveration.Whenwedosomethingt