湖南省永州市上学期高考第二次模拟考试二模英语试题

永州市2026年高考第二次模拟考试英语注意事项：1.本试卷共10页，满分150分。考试用时120分钟。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。3.选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的Ａ、B、Ｃ三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。1.Whereisthewomangoing?A.Arestaurant.B.Herhome.C.Asupermarket.2.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthereport?A.Boring.B.Exciting.C.Confusing.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Alecture.B.Asubject.C.Atask.4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Motherandson.C.Brotherandsister.5.Whenwillthepartybeheld?A.At6:00.B.At7:00.C.At8:00.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。听下面的录音，回答第6和第7小题。6.HowisBillyfeelingnow?A.Confident.B.Anxious.C.Confused.7.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutBilly?A.Heperformedwelllastyear.B.Heneedstotakegymcourses.C.Heshouldtalkwiththecoach.听下面的录音，回答第8至第10小题。8.WhyisMs.BlackcallingBernard?A.Torequestaservice.B.Tomakeanappointment.C.Torespondtoaninquiry.9.WhatisMs.Blackunwillingtodo?A.Provideherlocation.B.Contactarepairshop.C.Drivehervehicle.10.Whatdoesthemanaskthewoman?A.Whethershereportedtheaccident.B.Whethershewasinformedofthepolicy.C.Whethershewasinjuredintheaccident.听下面的录音，回答第11至第13小题。11.WhoisGwen?A.Thewoman’steacher.B.Thewoman’sworkmate.C.Thewoman’sschoolmate.12.Whatisthewomanlikenow?A.Shy.B.Sociable.13.HowdidthewomanhelpGwen?A.Byteachinghermaths.B.Byintroducingsomefriendstoher.C.Byshowinghermunicationskills.听下面的录音，回答第14至第17小题。14Whatdovolunteersneedtohave?A.Specialskills.B.Enoughtime.C.Willingnesstohelp.15.WhatdoesTomdoatthehospital?A.Hehelpsmovethepatients.B.Heprovidesmedicalservice.C.Hebringsmealstothedoctors.16.Whatdoweknowaboutthehospital?A.Ithasalargebudget.B.Itistoofaraway.C.Helpful.C.Itisshortstaffed.17.WhatwillthewomandothisSunday?A.Visittheman’shouse.B.Volunteeratthehospital.C.Makeaphonecalltotheman.听下面的录音，回答第18至第20小题。18.WhatdoesMeganbelieveabouthappiness?A.Itrequiresactivepursuit.B.Itesnaturallytoeveryone.C.Itvariesfrompersontoperson.19.WhatdidMeganaskparticipantstodoatherworkshop?A.Makeatodolist.B.Thinkpositively.C.Discussthemeaningofhappiness.20.Whatisthepurposeofthespeaker?A.Toshareastory.B.Tointroducealecturer.C.Topromoteamusicfestival.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选项涂黑。AFromimprovingdailylifetomajorbreakthroughs,AIisreshapinghowweliveandwork.Lookingahead,it’sclearthatAIwillcontinuetoplayanevenbiggerroleininfluencingthefutureacrossdifferentfields.EmerceArtificialIntelligenceinthefieldofemercehelpstheorganizationtoestablishagoodengagementbetweentheuserandthepany.AIchatbotsareusedtoprovidecustomersupportinstantlyandhelptoreduceplaintsandinquiriestoagrea.Besides,AIallowscustomerstolookthroughproductsmatchedwiththeirinterestpatterns,whicheffectivelytranslatesintoincreasedconversions(转换).AgricultureAIpoweredtoolscandetectvarioussoilcharacteristicssuchaswatercontent,moisturelevels,andnutrientlack;therearealsoAIenabledmachinesthatidentifyweedyareasandpoorsoilareas.Intermsofpestmanagement,AIcananalyzemultisourcedatatoissueearlywarningstofarmers,andthistechnologyalsoreducestheuseofharmfulpesticides(杀虫剂)byprovidingbestpestcontrolsolutions.Forforecasting,AIhassimplifiedtheanalysisofweatherconditionsandcropgrowthinagriculture,withitsalgorithms(算法)helpingfarmersmakeeffectivebusinessdecisionsforcropcultivation.TravelandTransportTravelroutingandridesharingwhichusedrealtimetrafficforaspecificridearepossibleduetotheuseofArtificialIntelligence.Intheaspectofplanningandpersonalization,AIusescustomer’shistoricdataalongwiththerealtimedatatoofferanycustomizedflexibleplanundertheirbudget.Thishelpsindrivingmoresalesandmatchesindividualneeds.Asforpredictiveanalysisappliedtopricing,AIalgorithmscananalyzehistoricaltraveldata,markettrendsandothervariables.paniesusethisstrategytoofferacmodationsandtravelassistanceathigherrates.1.WhatcanAIchatbotsdoinemerceaccordingtothepassage?A.Providelanguagetranslation. B.Cutdownplaintsgreatly.C.Collectconsumptionpatternssecretly. D.Buildasupportprovidingpany.2.HowdoesAIbenefitagriculture?A.Itchangessoilcharacteristics. B.Itofferspersonalizedtravelplans.C.Itprovidespestcontrolsolutions. D.Ithelpsmakeallbusinessdecisions.3.Whereisthispassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A.Asciencemagazine. B.Atravelguide.C.Anappadvertisement. D.Anagriculbook.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能正重塑人们的生活和工作方式，且未来将在各领域发挥更大作用，并具体介绍了其在电子商务、农业、旅游与交通三大领域的应用及所带来的实际效用。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“AIchatbotsareusedtoprovidecustomersupportinstantlyandhelptoreduceplaintsandinquiriestoagrea.(AI聊天机器人被用于即时提供客户服务，能在很大程度上减少客户的投诉与咨询量。)”可知，AI聊天机器人能即时提供客户服务，还能在很大程度上减少投诉和咨询量。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Intermsofpestmanagement,AIcananalyzemultisourcedatatoissueearlywarningstofarmers,andthistechnologyalsoreducestheuseofharmfulpesticides(杀虫剂)byprovidingbestpestcontrolsolutions.(在虫害防治方面，人工智能可分析多源数据，为农户发布虫害预警，同时该技术还能通过提供最优的虫害治理方案，减少有害杀虫剂的使用。)”可知，在农业虫害治理方面，人工智能能为农户发布预警，还能提供最优的虫害治理方案，这是其助力农业的重要体现。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文是对人工智能在电子商务、农业、旅游与交通三大领域的应用及实际效用进行的客观科普介绍，属于科技领域的知识讲解类内容，这类内容的行文风格和主题方向与科学杂志的刊载范畴高度契合。故选A。BInauniversityrehearsalhall,heperformsXinjiang’seagledancegracefully,acrosstheglobe,hewandersmuseumsandartgalleries,seekingthebeautyofdistantculturesandlonglosthistories.Thismayseemthedailylifeofanartist,butinreality,itbelongstoDawulijanYerhalik,ayoungarchaeologist(考古学家)who“converseswiththeearth”anddevoteshimselftouncoveringXinjiang’sancientsecrets.BorninHutubiCounty,Xinjiang,DawulijanspenthishighschoolyearsinSuzhouandstudiedarchaeologyatPekingUniversityforafulldecade,finallyearninghisdoctoraldegree.HiscareerpathtookclearshapeinProfessorLinMeicun’sSilkRoadArchaeologyclass:aslideofXinjiang’sKangjiaShimenziPetroglyphs(岩画)lefthimastonishedbyhislackofknowledgeabouthishometown’spreciousheritage.Inthatverymoment,adeepconnectiontoarchaeologywasestablished,andhedeterminedtofocusonSilkRoadandXinjiangarchaeologicalresearch.HisfieldworkjourneystartedattheTonggusibaxiSiteinAksu,whereheperfectedfoundationalskillslikesoilureidentificationandtroweluseunderProfessorChenLing’scarefulguidance.Hefindsexcavatingsites(发掘遗址)usedacrossmultiplehistoricalperiodsthemosfascinatingpartofthework,aseachlayerrevealsuniquetracesofancienthumanactivity.In2024,histeammadealandmarkdiscoveryattheTangchaodunsite—piecesofChinesewrittenBuddhistscrolls.ItwasthefirsttimesuchitemshadbeenfoundinthenorthernTianshanfoothills,providingcriticalmaterialforstudyinghowBuddhissspreadintheWesternRegions.ForDawulijan,Xinjiangisauniquearchaeologicaltreasure,andhisworkisasacredmissiontotellXinjiang’srichandvividstoriestotheworld.4.Theunderlinedword“converses”inParagraph1probablymeans________.A.Cooperates. B.petes. C.municates. D.pares.5.HowdidDawulijanfeelduringProfessorLin’sclass?A.Impressed. B.Hesitant. C.Uninterested. D.Confident.6.Whatdoestheappealofmultiperiodexcavationsitesliein?A.Possibilityofmakinglandmarkdiscoveries.B.Chancetopolishessentialarchaeologicalskills.C.RareculturalrelicsnativetonorthernTianshan.D.Uniquetracesofancienthumanactivityineachlayer.7.WhatdoesDawulijan’sexperienceshow?A.Hightechskillsarekeytoprofessionalsuccess.B.Awardsarethebestproofofone’sprofessionalvalue.C.Loveforyourrootscontributestoameaningfulcalling.D.Preservingculturalheritageiseveryone’ssharedmission.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要讲述了青年考古学家DawulijanYerhalik的求学经历，他因家乡岩画触动决心深耕丝绸之路和新疆考古研究，介绍了其田野考古的实践过程与重要发现，以及他视向世界讲述新疆丰富故事为神圣使命的职业追求。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词组所在句“Thismayseemthedailylifeofanartist,butinreality,itbelongstoDawulijanYerhalik,ayoungarchaeologist(考古学家)who“converseswiththeearth”anddevoteshimselftouncoveringXinjiang’sancientsecrets.(这般生活，看似是艺术家的日常，实则属于DawulijanYerhalik——一位以“与大地……”为使命、潜心探寻新疆古老奥秘的青年考古学家。)”可知，“converseswiththeearth”是对考古学家Dawulijan工作的形象描述，其核心是通过考古发掘探寻大地之下的新疆古老奥秘，即考古学家从大地中挖掘历史信息，如同与大地“交流、对话”。故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“HiscareerpathtookclearshapeinProfessorLinMeicun’sSilkRoadArchaeologyclass:aslideofXinjiang’sKangjiaShimenziPetroglyphs(岩画)lefthimastonishedbyhislackofknowledgeabouthishometown’spreciousheritage.(他的职业方向，在林梅村教授的丝绸之路考古课堂上逐渐明晰：课堂上，一张新疆康家石门子岩画的幻灯片，让他惊觉自己对家乡珍贵的文化遗产竟知之甚少。)”可知，在林教授的课堂上，新疆康家石门子岩画的幻灯片让他为自己对家乡珍贵文化遗产的无知感到震惊，这份震惊也让他与考古学结下羁绊，坚定了研究方向，可见他在课堂上受到了极大的触动。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Hefindsexcavatingsites(发掘遗址)usedacrossmultiplehistoricalperiodsthemosfascinatingpartofthework,aseachlayerrevealsuniquetracesofancienthumanactivity.(在他看来，发掘那些历经多个历史时期的遗址，是考古工作中最复杂却也最具魅力的部分，因为遗址的每一层土层，都留存着古代人类活动独有的痕迹。)”可知，Dawulijan认为发掘跨多个历史时期的遗址极具魅力，而原因正是这类遗址的每一层都留存着古代人类活动的独特痕迹。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“HiscareerpathtookclearshapeinProfessorLinMeicun’sSilkRoadArchaeologyclass:aslideofXinjiang’sKangjiaShimenziPetroglyphs(岩画)lefthimastonishedbyhislackofknowledgeabouthishometown’spreciousheritage.Inthatverymoment,adeepconnectiontoarchaeologywasestablished,andhedeterminedtofocusonSilkRoadandXinjiangarchaeologicalresearch.(他的职业方向，在林梅村教授的丝绸之路考古课堂上逐渐明晰：课堂上，一张新疆康家石门子岩画的幻灯片，让他惊觉自己对家乡珍贵的文化遗产竟知之甚少。就在那一刻，他与考古学结下了深厚的羁绊，也下定决心将研究重心放在丝绸之路与新疆考古领域。)”可知，Dawulijan因家乡新疆的康家石门子岩画触动，惊觉对家乡珍贵遗产的无知，从而决心深耕丝绸之路与新疆考古研究；而根据最后一段“ForDawulijan,Xinjiangisauniquearchaeologicaltreasure,andhisworkisasacredmissiontotellXinjiang’srichandvividstoriestotheworld.(于Dawulijan而言，新疆是一处独一无二的考古宝库，而他的工作，便是向世界讲述新疆丰富鲜活的故事，这是一份属于他的神圣使命。)”可知，他视新疆为独一无二的考古宝库、将向世界讲述新疆的故事当作神圣使命。由此可知，Dawulijan的职业选择与毕生追求，均源于对家乡根脉的热爱，这份热爱让他找到了属于自己的、极具意义的职业使命。故选C。CAvintagelifestyle(复古生活方式)isawayoflivingthatembracesthecharm,elegance,andsimplicityofthepast.Itemphasizesoldfashionedstyles:decorateyourhomewithclassicfurniture,vintagedecorationsandtimelessarttocreateacozy,invitingatmospherethat’sfarfrommodernfastpacedlife.Itembracesslowliving,prioritizingqualityoverquantity—spendmoretimeonmeaningfulactivitiesandlessonrushingthroughdailytasks.Additionally,itvalueshandmadegoods,suchasthosefromknitting,woodworkingorothertraditionalskills,whichbuildsadeeperconnectiontothecreationprocess.Embracethevintagelifestylebystartingsmallandaddingafewvintageelementsintoyourdailyroutine.Createaspacethatreflectsyourpersonalstyle,explorelocalsecondhandmarketsorantiquestores,andexperimentwithtraditionalrecipes.Overtime,theselittlestepscantransformyourlifeintoaricher,moremeaningfulexperience.GenZ’sfascinationwiththevintagelifestyleisbynomeansablindtrend—itisrootedinprofoundunderlyingreasons.GenZvaluesindividualityandauthenticity(真实性).Vintageclothingprovidesauniquestyle,oftenstandingoutfromtheseaofmassproduced,sameitemsfoundintoday’smarket.Thewearersofvintagepiecescanfeelpartofaselectgroup,owningsomethingtrulyoneofakind.Besides,ManyGenZindividualsviewvintageshoppingasaculturalexperienceratherthanjustapurchase.Thethrillofdiscoveringhiddentreasuresinsecondhandmarketsaddstotheappeal,makingitaboutthejourneyratherthanthedestination.PlatformslikeInstagramandPinteresthavealsoplayedasignificantroleinpopularizingvintagestylesamongGenZ.Seeinginfluencersandpeersembracevintagelooksnormalizesandcelebratesvintagefashion,makingitcoolerandmoreaccessible.Theriseofvintagecultureisn’tjustaboutclothes;it’sabroaderculturalphenomenon.GenZisdrawntothestoriesbehindvintageitems,thecraftsmanship,andtheconnectiontohistory.Thisshiftreflectsalargersocietalchangewhereconsumersareincreasinglyseekingmeaningful,lastingpurchasesratherthanquickfixes.8.Whatmightavintagelifestylehighlight?A.Emphasisontraditionalgoods. B.Pursuitofmodernfastpacedlife.C.Preferenceforqualityoverquantity. D.Admirationfortheplexityofthepast.9.Whatmighttheauthorsuggestreadersdotoembraceavintagelifestyle?A.Eatfastfooddailyforconvenience.B.Decoratehouseswithfurnitureinstyle.C.Wearvintageclothesinoccasionalactivities.D.Huntforvintagepiecesatsecondhandmarkets.10.WhydoGenZindividualslovethevintagelifestyleaccordingtoparagraph3?AItmakesthemfeellikenoother. B.Itdrawsthemtoinfluencerculture.C.Itattractsthemtopurchaseandshop. D.Ithelpsthemfollowfashiontrends.11.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“quickfixes”possiblyrefertointhelastparagraph?A.Meaninglesstrendyclothes. B.Shortliveddailygoods.C.Lastinghandmadeproducts. D.Valuablecollectibleitems.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述复古生活方式的内涵是秉持过往的美好、倡导慢生活且珍视手工制品，还给出了开启该生活方式的小建议，分析了Z世代喜爱这一生活方式的深层原因及社交平台的推动作用，最后指出复古文化的兴起是广泛的文化现象，其背后折射出消费者追求有意义、长久消费选择的社会变化。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Itembracesslowliving,prioritizingqualityoverquantity—spendmoretimeonmeaningfulactivitiesandlessonrushingthroughdailytasks.(它倡导慢生活，秉持重质不重量的原则——多花时间投入有意义的事，少在琐碎日常里步履匆匆。)”可知，复古生活方式倡导慢生活，核心秉持重质不重量的原则。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Embracethevintagelifestylebystartingsmallandaddingafewvintageelementsintoyourdailyroutine.Createaspacethatreflectsyourpersonalstyle,explorelocalsecondhandmarketsorantiquestores,andexperimentwithtraditionalrecipes.(开启复古生活，不妨从小处着手，在日常中融入些许复古元素。打造一处彰显个人风格的专属空间，逛一逛当地的二手市场或古董店，试着做一做传统风味的菜肴。)”可知，作者建议人们从日常融入复古元素，其中明确提出可以逛当地的二手市场或古董店。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“GenZvaluesindividualityandauthenticity(真实性).Vintageclothingprovidesauniquestyle,oftenstandingoutfromtheseaofmassproduced,sameitemsfoundintoday’smarket.Thewearersofvintagepiecescanfeelpartofaselectgroup,owningsomethingtrulyoneofakind.(Z世代崇尚个性与真实，复古服饰能打造出独一无二的穿搭风格，往往能在当下市场批量生产的千篇一律的服饰中脱颖而出。身着复古服饰的人，会觉得自己身处一个小众的圈层，拥有真正独一无二的东西。)”可知，Z世代崇尚个性与真实，复古服饰能打造独一无二的穿搭风格，让穿着者拥有真正独一无二者，身处小众圈层，获得与众不同的专属感受。故选A。【11题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章划线词组所在语境“Thisshiftreflectsalargersocietalchangewhereconsumersareincreasinglyseekingmeaningful,lastingpurchasesratherthanquickfixes.(这一转变，折射出更深刻的社会变化：如今的消费者，正愈发追求有意义、能长久相伴的消费选择，而非quickfixes)”可知，句中“ratherthan”表转折对比，“quickfixes”与前文的“meaningful,lastingpurchases(有意义、能长久使用的消费品)”形成鲜明反义对应，指缺乏长久价值、昙花一现的物品。故选B。DForyears,globalclimatemodelsreliedonanelegantandconvenientidea.Blackcarbonparticlesweretreatedasregularspheres(圆球)withasinglecoreofcarbon.Itsuniquestructurehelpedshapehowscientistsassessedthewarmingeffectsofblackcarbonworldwide.Yetitalsocarriedahiddenassumption:thateachparticlecontainedonlyonecore.Asmeasurementsbuiltup,atroublinggaparose.Observationsintherealatmosphereconsistentlyshowedthatblackcarbonabsorbedroughly50%morelightthanmodelspredicted.TheanswerbegantoappearduringfieldworkconductedinYunnan’swildfireseason.Whattheysawchallengedthetraditionalpicture.Aboutonefifth,or21%,ofblackcarbonparticlesinlongrangetransportedwildfiresmokecontainednotonecore,buttwoormore.Thesemulticoreparticleswereespeciallymonamonglargerairparticlesexceeding400nanometers(纳米)inwidth.Insteadofasinglecarboncenter,theseparticlesresembledgroupsformedthroughcrashingandbining,withindividualcoresoftenexceeding200nanometersinsize.Thisstructurehadlargelygoneunnoticedinglobalclimatemodels.Yetitseffectsweregreat.Ifblackcarbonparticlesmonlycarrymultiplecores,theirabilitytoabsorblightchangesdramatically.Identifyingmulticoreparticleswasonlythebeginning.Theresearchersfacedasecondchallenge:translatingnanoscaleobservationsintoglobalclimatepredictions.Todothis,theyturnedtomachinelearning.Theteamdevelopedamachinelearningdevicecapableofquantifyinghowmulticorestructuresenhancelightabsorption.Thisdevicewasthenintroducedintoaglobalatmosphericmodel,allowingthescientiststoforecasthowtheseparticlesbehaveacrosstheplanet.Theresultswerestriking.Multicoreblackcarbonparticleswerefoundtocontributetoa19%increaseinglobalaverageblackcarbonabsorption.Theeffectwasespeciallypronouncedinwildfireaffectedregions,includingSoutheastAsia,southwesternChina,theTibetanPlateau,SouthernAfrica,andNorthAmerica.Intheseareas,theoverlookedstructureofblackcarbonhadbeenquietlyboostingwarming.12.Whathelpedscientistsevaluatethewarmingeffectsofblackcarbon?A.Theassumedsinglecorestructureofblackcarbon.B.Observationsofblackcarbonintherealatmosphere.C.Thelightabsorptionrateofblackcarbonintheatmosphere.D.parisonbetweenmodelpredictionsandactualmeasurements.13.Howdoestheauthorpresentthenewdiscoveryinparagraph2?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bydefiningaconcept.C.Byquotinganexpert. D.Byprovidingstatistics.14.Whydidtheresearchersturntomachinelearning?A.Todeveloplightabsorptiondevices. B.Tobetterpredictglobalclimatechanges.C.Toidentifymulticorestructuresaccurately. D.Tofurtherobserveblackcarbon’sbehaviors.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitlefor?AWildfireSmoke:AHiddenClimateTrouble.B.MachineLearning:AHelperforClimateForecast.C.SinglecoreStructure:TheFaultinClimateModels.D.MulticoreBlackCarbon:TheOverlookedHeatmaker.【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述传统全球气候模型将黑碳颗粒视为单碳核规则圆球，与实际大气观测的吸光量存在偏差，研究人员在云南山火季调研发现多核黑碳颗粒这一被忽略的结构，后借助机器学习将该观测结果整合进全球大气模型，发现多核黑碳颗粒使全球黑碳平均吸光量提升，且在山火影响区显著加剧气候变暖。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Blackcarbonparticlesweretreatedasregularspheres(圆球)withasinglecoreofcarbon.Itsuniquestructurehelpedshapehowscientistsassessedthewarmingeffectsofblackcarbonworldwide.(黑碳颗粒被视作由单一碳核构成的规则圆球。这一结构设定，成为科学家评估全球黑碳升温效应的重要依据，却也暗藏着一个前提假设——每一颗黑碳颗粒都仅含一个碳核。)”可知，科学家将黑碳颗粒假定为单碳核的规则圆球，这一被设定的单碳核结构为其评估全球黑碳的升温效应提供了依据。故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Aboutonefifth,or21%,ofblackcarbonparticlesinlongrangetransportedwildfiresmokecontainednotonecore,buttwoormore.Thesemulticoreparticleswereespeciallymonamonglargerairparticlesexceeding400nanometers(纳米)inwidth.Insteadofasinglecarboncenter,theseparticlesresembledgroupsformedthroughcrashingandbining,withindividualcoresoftenexceeding200nanometersinsize.(在远距离传输的山火烟雾中，约五分之一（即21%）的黑碳颗粒并非单碳核结构，而是拥有两个及以上的碳核。这类多核颗粒在粒径超过400纳米的较大大气颗粒物中尤为常见，它们并非由单一碳核构成，而是经颗粒间碰撞、聚合形成的聚集体，其中单个碳核的粒径往往超过200纳米。)”可知，作者在呈现黑碳颗粒存在多核结构这一新发现时，使用了21%、400纳米、200纳米等具体数值，通过提供精准的统计数据来阐述该发现的具体特征和分布情况。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Identifyingmulticoreparticleswasonlythebeginning.Theresearchersfacedasecondchallenge:translatingnanoscaleobservationsintoglobalclimatepredictions.Todothis,theyturnedtomachinelearning.(识别出多核颗粒的存在，仅仅是研究的开端。研究人员随即面临第二个难题：如何将纳米尺度的观测结果转化为全球气候预测数据。为解决这一问题，他们借助了机器学习技术。)”可知，研究人员已完成多核颗粒的识别，后续面临的难题是将纳米尺度的观测结果转化为全球气候预测数据，为解决这一难题、更好地实现全球气候预测，他们选择借助机器学习技术。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文围绕多核黑碳颗粒展开，文章先指出传统气候模型因假定黑碳为单碳核结构，与实际观测存在吸光量偏差；再介绍发现多核黑碳颗粒这一被模型忽略的结构；最后说明借助机器学习证实该结构大幅提升黑碳吸光量，在多地悄然加剧气候变暖，全文核心是突出多核黑碳颗粒被忽视，且是推动气候变暖的重要因素。选项D“MulticoreBlackCarbon:TheOverlookedHeatmaker.(多核黑碳：被忽视的发热源。)”精准契合全文核心，既点出文章的核心研究对象——多核黑碳，又突出其“被气候模型忽略”且“加剧全球变暖”的关键特征，完整概括文章主旨，适合用作标题。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。home._____iesfindthemselvesquestioningwhetherthere’saneedfortheirchildrentodochoresathome.ButDr.Harrisbelieveschoresaren’tjustaboutkeepingacleanhome._____16_____effectively._____householddutiescanenhancechildren’scognitivedevelopment.AccordingtoDr.Harris,choresstrengthencoremanagementskills—thebrain’sabilitytoplan,focus,changebetweentasksandmanagetimeeffectively._____17_____.Theydevelopstrongerworkingmemory,betteremotionalregulationandmorementalflexibility.independence._____children’sindependenceandsenseofresponsibilityatdifferentages.Youngerchildrenlovetofeelcapable.Cleaninguptoysorwipingdownandsettingthetable,simpletaskslikethesedevelopindependence._____18_____.Dr.Harrisencouragesparentstoframethesenotaspunishments,butasopportunitiestogrow.Whenkidsfeelasenseofownership,they’remorelikelytofollowthrough.Andgivingthemasayinwhattheydocangoalongway._____19_____.“Onesymptomofdepressionislackofmotivation,andthebestsolutiontothatisactivity,”Dr.Harrisexplains.“Asetroutine,evenasmall,manageableresponsibilitycanhelpgetkidsmovingandthinking.”Inthecaseofanxiety,chorescanofferasenseofcontrolandpredictability.“Ananxiousbrainworkswellwithstructure,”sheadds.“Doingsomethingrealandproductivecaneasedistractingthoughtsandprovideabreakfromchaoticthoughts.”Ofcourse,everyminuteofatypicalfamilylifetodaycanbeaccountedfor,leavingparentstowonderwhethertoinsistonchoresatall.Dr.Harrisacknowledgesthistensionandencouragesflexibility.“Whenlifegetsbusy,it’sokaytopullback,”shesays.“_____20_____.”Actually,kidsdon’tneedtodoeverything,buttheyshoulddosomethingwhentheyhavetime.AChoreshelpchildrenbuildconfidenceandempathyB.Butwhenthere’sroom,leanintothoseopportunitiesC.Theseareskillsthatservethemwell,farintoadulthoodD.KidswhohavechoresaretypicallybetterselfmanagersE.AskingkidstohelpoutaroundthehousecanhavepowerfullifelongbenefitsF.Chorescanalsosupportmentalhealth,particularlyforkidswithanxietyordepressionG.Forolderchildrenandteens,taskscanbeemoreplexsuchashelpingcookmeals【答案】16.E17.D18.G19.F20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述针对孩子是否需要做家务的问题，Harris博士提出做家务并非只为保持家居整洁，还能促进孩子认知发展、培养其独立性与责任感、助力心理健康，带来终身益处，同时建议家长结合生活实际灵活安排孩子做家务。【16题详解】上文“Manyfamiliesfindthemselvesquestioningwhetherthere’saneedfortheirchildrentodochoresathome.ButDr.Harrisbelieveschoresaren’tjustaboutkeepingacleanhome.(许多家庭都会不禁思考，孩子是否有必要在家做家务。但哈里斯博士认为，做家务的意义远不止是保持家居整洁。)”指出做家务并非仅为保持家居整洁，后文分三段依次阐述做家务对孩子认知发展、独立与责任感培养、心理健康的多重益处。选项E“Askingkidstohelpoutaroundthehousecanhavepowerfullifelongbenefits(让孩子帮忙分担家务，能为其带来影响深远的终身益处。)”总领全文，符合逻辑，自然引出下文的具体论述。故选E。【17题详解】上文“AccordingtoDr.Harris,choresstrengthencoremanagementskills—thebrain’sabilitytoplan,focus,changebetweentasksandmanagetimeeffectively.(哈里斯博士表示，做家务能锻炼孩子的核心管理能力，也就是大脑规划事务、集中注意力、切换任务以及高效管理时间的能力。)”明确提及做家务能强化孩子的核心管理技能；而下文“Theydevelopstrongerworkingmemory,betteremotionalregulationandmorementalflexibility.(孩子们的工作记忆会变得更强，情绪调节能力会更佳，思维也会更具灵活性。)”则进一步补充做家务带来的其他认知提升。选项D“Kidswhohavechoresaretypicallybetterselfmanagers(经常做家务的孩子通常更善于自我管理。)”延续上文内容，指出做家务的好处，同时与下文内容一致，起到承上启下的衔接作用，逻辑连贯。故选D。【18题详解】上文“Chorescanfosterchildren’sindependenceandsenseofresponsibilityatdifferentages.Youngerchildrenlovetofeelcapable.Cleaninguptoysorwipingdownandsettingthetable,simpletaskslikethesedevelopindependence.(在孩子的不同成长阶段，做家务能培养他们的独立性与责任感。低龄儿童渴望感受到自己的能力，收拾玩具、擦桌子、摆餐具，这类简单的家务就能逐步培养他们的独立意识。)”指出本段主要讲述了做家务能在不同年龄段培养孩子的独立和责任感，而且介绍了低龄孩子的简单家务。选项G“Forolderchildrenandteens,taskscanbeemoreplexsuchashelpingcookmeals(对于年龄稍大的孩子和青少年，可安排难度更高的家务，比如帮忙做饭。)”衔接递进，转而讲述大龄儿童和青少年的复杂家务，清晰体现“按年龄梯度安排家务”的逻辑，与本段主旨高度契合。故选G。【19题详解】空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文““Onesymptomofdepressionislackofmotivation,andthebestsolutiontothatisactivity,”Dr.Harrisexplains.“Asetroutine,evenasmall,manageableresponsibilitycanhelpgetkidsmovingandthinking.”Inthecaseofanxiety,chorescanofferasenseofcontrolandpredictability.“Ananxiousbrainworkswellwithstructure,”sheadds.“Doingsomethingrealandproductivecaneasedistractingthoughtsandprovideabreakfromchaoticthoughts.”(哈里斯博士解释道：“抑郁症的一个典型症状是缺乏行动力，而应对这一问题的最佳办法，就是让孩子行动起来。固定的日常安排，哪怕只是一项小小的、力所能及的责任，都能推动孩子动起来、思考起来。”对于有焦虑情绪的孩子，做家务能让他们获得掌控感和可预知的安全感。她补充说：“处于焦虑中的大脑，在有条理的节奏中会更易平复，做一些实实在在、有实际价值的事，能抚平那些纷扰的思绪，让混乱的大脑得到片刻喘息。”)”可知，本段主要讲述了做家务能缓解孩子的抑郁、安抚焦虑。选项F“Chorescanalsosupportmentalhealth,particularlyforkidswithanxietyordepression(做家务还能助力孩子的心理健康，尤其对有焦虑或抑郁情绪的孩子而言更是如此。)”精准概括本段核心内容；同时also体现与前文“认知发展、独立责任感培养”的并列递进关系，契合文章的分述逻辑。故选F。【20题详解】上文““Whenlifegetsbusy,it’sokaytopullback,”shesays.(她说：“生活忙碌时，暂缓让孩子做家务也无妨。”)”提及生活忙碌时，家长可以暂时不让孩子做家务；而下文“Actually,kidsdon’tneedtodoeverything,buttheyshoulddosomethingwhentheyhavetime.(事实上，孩子不必事事亲力亲为，但只要有时间，就该做些力所能及的家务。)”强调孩子不必事事做，但有时间时总要做些家务。选项B“Butwhenthere’sroom,leanintothoseopportunities(但当生活有空闲时，就该抓住这些机会让孩子参与其中。)”中的“but”与前文形成转折，同时自然引出下文内容，符合逻辑。故选B。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ThePalisadesfireinLosAngelesburnedCharlotteTragos’shometotheground.Theheightchartfromwhenshewasachildwas____21____onthekitchenwall.Herparents’weddingvideofromthe1990swasstoredinthebasement.Everythingsheheld____22____isgone.“Itwasaprettyspecialanduniquehouse,”saysTragos,who____23____withherparents,heryoungersisterandtheirthreedogswhenthefirebrokeoutonJan.7,2025.“Thestreetswere____24____withpeoplerunning,drivingonthewrongsideoftheroad,”shesays,addingthateveryoneknewtheywererunningfor____25____.Afewdaysafterthefirestarted,afriendsharedavideowithherofaLosAngelesartist,who____26____tocreate,forfree,watercolorpaintingsofpeople’s____27____beforetheywerescorched(烧焦的).Tragos____28____theartist,