实验研究与报告类说明文课件高考英语二轮复习专项

实验研究与报告类说明文ExperimentalResearchandReportExpository考纲要求1.内容理解：能读懂科普知识、社会现象、人文地理等主题的说明文，精准抓取主旨要义，同时获取时间、数据、实验结论等具体细节信息。2.语言分析：可结合语境猜测专业术语、生僻词的含义；能理清文章总分、并列等说明结构，把握段落间的逻辑关系。3.推理与领悟：依据文中数据、案例等内容推理得出隐含结论；准确判断作者对说明对象的观点、态度，领会其意图。考情分析1．从命题内容上看，高考命题主要从以下几方面考查：研究报告是说明文类中重要的一种形式，也是英语试题中最难的部分。是我们在一轮复习中最应该突破的部分，因为一轮复习有时间攻坚克难。研究报告通常包括科普类、心理学类、语言类、宇宙探索类、社会交往类、人工智能类等，涉及的内容比较广泛。2．从命题思路上看：研究报告类说明文通常包括研究结果、研究方法、研究过程、结论阐述、专家评议。研究结果通常会考查主旨大意，关键找中心句，研究方法、研究过程通常考查细节理解和推理判断，专家评议通常考查情感态度、推理判断。预计2026年研究报告类说明文仍然是试卷中的难点。预想英语得高分成功突破研究报告是关键。复习目标1.掌握研究报告说明文的文体特征。2.掌握研究报告说明文的命题规律及各种题型的解题要领和选项规律。3.熟练掌握研究报告说明文常用的框架结构、说明顺序和说明方法是解题的关键所在，这样就能从整体着眼看清文章的脉络。考情解码·命题预警实验研究&报告类说明文研究结果/结论及意义如何研究解释结论专家评议背景，研究过程研究对象，研究方法，研究结果影响/意义/前景/评价/局限/应用出题点：主旨大意/最佳标题出题点：细节理解/推断/说明方法出题点：细节理解/推断情感态度核心结构ProblemAnalysisConclusionProblem：

found/challenge/threat/purpose/isdefinedas/refersto类词Analysis：

studyreported/experiment/foundthat/indicates/investigate/conduct类词Conclusion：

suggested/notes/couldbe/shedslighton/conclude类词三部分标志性词解题方法

（三步定位核心信息）1.Findings/Discoveries（研究发现）a.定位关键词：①Theresultsshow/indicatethat...②Wefound/observedthat...③Thedatasuggest...b.解题重点：这是研究的直接成果，可能是数据、现象或新发现。2.Evidence（实验证据）c.定位关键词：①Experiment1demonstrated...②AsshowninFigure2...③Statisticalanalysisrevealed...d.解题重点：支撑Findings的具体数据（如数字、图表）或实验方法。3.Conclusion（应用/评价）e.定位关键词：①Therefore,weconclude...②Thisimplies/appliesto...③Limitationsinclude...f.解题重点：研究的实际意义、局限性或未来方向。关键总结：

结构意识是基础：

时刻清晰区分P、A、C部分及其功能。

定位能力是关键：

快速准确地找到题目对应的原文信息源。

逻辑理解是核心：

透彻理解分析部分如何解释现象并推导出结论。

结论是重中之重：

结论是文章的最终落脚点和主旨的集中体现。

题目导向是原则：

始终围绕题目要求进行阅读和思考。Problem,Analysis,Conclusion【典例】

(2026汕头一模D篇)

Whendangerapproaches,animalsseemtofollowtheancientproverb:“theenemyofmyenemyismyfriend.”Researchershavefoundsubtlewaysthatanimalscommunicatewithotherspeciesincooperativedefense.AstudyinNatureEcology&Evolutionreportedthatover20birdspeciesacrossfourcontinentsmakenearlyidenticalhigh-pitched(高音调的)“whining”callstowarnothersofbirdslikecuckoosnearby.Cuckoosarebroodparasites—theylayeggsinotherbirds’nests,oftenpushingoutthehosts’owneggs,totrickhostbirdsintoraisingtheirchicks.Accordingtoco-leadauthorJamesKennerley,thiscallworksasthewordfor“cuckoo”andappearstobeunderstoodacrossspecies,offeringcluesabouthowlanguagemayhaveoriginated.Birdsproducingthisalarmcalloftenliveinregionswithhighnumbersofbroodparasitesthattargetmultiplehostspecies.Hearingthecall,potentialhostsreactaggressivelytodrivetheinvadersaway.Toinvestigatefurther,WillFeeney’steamplayedrecordingsofsuchalarmcalls—originallyfrombirdsonothercontinents—topotentialhostbirdsinAustraliaandChina.Theyfoundthatthehostsrespondedjustasquicklytoforeignalarmcallsastotheirown.“Thisindicatesthatsoundhelpscommunicationbetweenspecies,notonlywithinonespecies,”explainsFeeney.Hesuggeststhatwhilemanybirdspeciesmayrespondtocertainalarmsounds,thoseinparasite-richareashaveadaptedthecalltocarryclearthreatinformation.Backin1871,CharlesDarwinsuggestedthatspokenlanguagemighthaveevolvedfromtheimitationandmodificationofinstinctive(本能的)sounds—forexample,ascreaminresponsetopain.Feeneynotes,“Birdschangingtheirbuilt-incallsforanewusecouldbeanearlystagetowardlanguage,somethingoncethoughtuniquelyhuman.”12.Howcananimalsofdifferentspeciescooperateindefense?A.Bycommunicatingfreely. B.Bypredictingdangerinadvance.C.Byfollowingtheoldroutine. D.Bymakingthesamesoundassignal.13.Whydobirdsmake“whining”callstowarnothersofcuckoos?A.Becausecuckoosaregoodatplayingtricks. B.Becausecuckoosstealeggsfromhosts’nests.C.Becausecuckooshaveawiderangeofspecies. D.Becausecuckoosmakehostscarefortheiryoung.14.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Birdsuniversallyrecognizealarmcalls. B.Birdsignorerecordingsofalarmcalls.C.Birds’alarmcallsfunctionwithinspecies. D.Broodparasitestargetcertainhostspecies.15.WhydoestheauthormentionDarwininparagraph5?A.Toshowlanguageisstillevolving. B.Toprovehumanlanguageisunique.C.Tolinkbirdcallswithlanguageorigin. D.Toquestionthereliabilityofthestudy.研究背景与问题提出Introduction核心观察性发现ObservationalFindings补充背景EcologicalContext验证性实验ExperimentalVerification学术意义Discussion&ConclusionProblemAnalysisConclusion12.Howcananimalsofdifferentspeciescooperateindefense?A.Bycommunicatingfreely. B.Bypredictingdangerinadvance.C.Byfollowingtheoldroutine. D.Bymakingthesamesoundassignal.13.Whydobirdsmake“whining”callstowarnothersofcuckoos?A.BecausecuckoosaregoodatplayingtricksB.Becausecuckoosstealeggsfromhosts’nests.C.Becausecuckooshaveawiderangeofspecies.D.Becausecuckoosmakehostscarefortheiryoung.14.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Birdsuniversallyrecognizealarmcalls. B.Birdsignorerecordingsofalarmcalls.C.Birds’alarmcallsfunctionwithinspecies. D.Broodparasitestargetcertainhostspecies.15.WhydoestheauthormentionDarwininparagraph5?A.Toshowlanguageisstillevolving.B.Toprovehumanlanguageisunique.C.Tolinkbirdcallswithlanguageorigin. D.Toquestionthereliabilityofthestudy.细节理解题细节理解题主旨大意题推理判断题

Whendangerapproaches,animalsseemtofollowtheancientproverb:“theenemyofmyenemyismyfriend.”Researchershavefoundsubtlewaysthatanimalscommunicatewithotherspeciesincooperativedefense.AstudyinNatureEcology&Evolutionreportedthatover20birdspeciesacrossfourcontinentsmakenearlyidenticalhigh-pitched(高音调的)“whining”callstowarnothersofbirdslikecuckoosnearby.Cuckoosarebroodparasites—theylayeggsinotherbirds’nests,oftenpushingoutthehosts’owneggs,totrickhostbirdsintoraisingtheirchicks.

Accordingtoco-leadauthorJamesKennerley,thiscallworksasthewordfor“cuckoo”andappearstobeunderstoodacrossspecies,offeringcluesabouthowlanguagemayhaveoriginated.12.Howcananimalsofdifferentspeciescooperateindefense?A.Bycommunicatingfreely. B.Bypredictingdangerinadvance.C.Byfollowingtheoldroutine. D.Bymakingthesamesoundassignal.相同的13.Whydobirdsmake“whining”callstowarnothersofcuckoos?A.Becausecuckoosaregoodatplayingtricks. B.Becausecuckoosstealeggsfromhosts’nests.C.Becausecuckooshaveawiderangeofspecies. D.Becausecuckoosmakehostscarefortheiryoung.Birdsproducingthisalarmcalloftenliveinregionswithhighnumbersofbrood

parasitesthattargetmultiplehostspecies.Hearingthecall,potentialhostsreactaggressivelytodrivetheinvadersaway.Toinvestigatefurther,WillFeeney’steamplayedrecordingsofsuchalarmcalls—originallyfrombirdsonothercontinents—topotentialhostbirdsinAustraliaandChina.Theyfoundthatthehostsrespondedjustasquicklytoforeignalarmcallsastotheirown.“Thisindicatesthatsoundhelpscommunicationbetweenspecies,notonlywithinonespecies,”explainsFeeney.Hesuggeststhatwhilemanybirdspeciesmayrespondtocertainalarmsounds,thoseinparasite-richareashaveadaptedthecalltocarryclearthreatinformatio