2026届云南保山市高三毕业生第二次模拟考试英语试卷【附解析】

/2026届高三毕业生第二次模拟考试英语试卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的学校、班级、姓名、考场号、座位号、准考证号在答题卡上填写清楚。2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。3．考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。1.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Inalibrary.C.Inabookstore.2.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydotomorrowafternoon?A.Gohiking.B.Haveapicnic.C.Stayindoors.3.Whydidn’tthewomanbuytheskirtlastweek?A.Itwastoosmall.B.Itwastooexpensive.C.Shedidn’tlikethecolor.4.Whenwillthespeakersgotothecinema?A.Tonight.B.Tomorrowmorning.C.Tomorrownight.5.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Stopbuyingcameras.B.Begintakingexercise.C.Openacameramuseum.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。听下面的录音，回答第6和第7小题。6.WhydoesLisacalltheman?A.Tocheckonarepair.B.Toreportsomeproblems.C.Toaskforanewapartment.7.Whatwillbefixedfirst?A.Thebedroomlamp.B.Thebathroomlight.C.Thehotwatersystem.听下面的录音，回答第8和第9小题。8.WhatwillMaryprobablybringtoAnna’sparty?A.Somedrinks.B.Afruitsalad.C.Achocolatecake.9.HowwillthespeakersmostlikelygettoAnna’shouse?A.Bybus.B.Bybike.C.Onfoot.听下面的录音，回答第10至第12小题。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Librarianandstudent.C.Booksellerandcustomer.11.Whatwillstudentsdoafterlisteningtothestories?A.Borrowbooks.B.Makebookmarks.C.Sharereadingnotes.12.Whatshouldstudentsbring?A.Glue.B.Coloredpaper.C.Apencil.听下面的录音，回答第13至第16小题。13.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Apart-timejob.B.Aninterview.C.Workschedule.14.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Arriveearly.B.Dressneatly.C.Wearauniform.15.Whatskillisespeciallyhelpfulforthejob?A.Usingacomputer.B.Organizingactivities.C.Talkingwithparents.16.Howdoesthemanfeelattheendoftheconversation?A.Concerned.B.Disappointed.C.Confident.听下面的录音，回答第17至第20小题。17.Whatisthesecondstoponthetour?A.Acafé.B.CentralPark.C.TheHistoryMuseum.18.Whatdoweknowaboutlunch?A.Itisinthecafenexttothepark.B.Itwillbeservedonthebus.C.Visitorsneedtopayforit.19.WhenwillthegroupprobablyarriveatCentralPark?A.At1:30p.m.B.At1:45p.m.C.At2:00p.m.20.Whatarevisitorsaskedtodo?A.Staywiththegroup.B.Returntothehotelbytaxi.C.Visittheparkontheirown.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。ABookscanopendoorstoscience,history,language,andeverydaylife.Thefollowingfourtitlesofferreadersdifferentbutequallyrewardingjourneys.ThePaleBlueDataPointAnEarth-BasedPerspectiveontheSearchforAlienLifeJonWillisThisbookexploreshowscientistssearchforlifebeyondEarth.Itintroducesplanets,cetechnology,andthequestionsresearchersaskwhenlookingforunknownlifeintheuniverse.“Anenlighteningread...acharmingandapproachablelookathowscientistsarehuntingbeyondEarthforlifeunknowntous.”—GregoryJ.GburDecodingtheHandAHistoryofScience,Medicine,andMagicAlisonBashfordBashfordexamineshowpeopleacrosshistorystudiedthehand,believingthatitsshape,size,andlinescouldrevealhealth,personality,andevenfate.“Arichlydetailedandthought-provoking(发人深省的)historythatrevealshowthehandhasstoodatthecrossroadsofknowledge,belief,andculture.”—SimonSchaffer,UniversityofCambridgeTheWorldinaPhraseABriefHistoryoftheAphorism(格言)(SecondEdition)JamesGearyThisbooktracesthehistoryofshort,powerfulsayingsandexplainswhyaphorismsremainpopularinliteratureanddailycommunication.“Clear,lively,andfullofinsight,thisbookshowswhybriefsayingscontinuetoshapethewaywethinkandspeak.”—TheNewYorkTimesTheNotebookAHistoryofThinkingonPaperRolandAllenAllentellsthestoryofthenotebookandshowshowithashelpedtravelers,writers,scientists,andartistsrecordideasandshapetheirthinking.“Afascinatingaccountofaneverydayobjectthathasquietlyinfluencedthewaypeoplecollectknowledgeanddevelopideas.”—PublishersWeekly1.WhatisJonWillis’sbookmainlyabout?A.ThehuntforlifeoutsideEarth. B.Themysteryofplanetformation.C.Thehistoryofhumanceflights. D.Thedevelopmentofcetechnologies.2.WhoreviewedDecodingtheHand?A.AlisonBashford. B.SimonSchaffer. C.JamesGeary. D.RolandAllen.3.Whatdothelasttwobookshaveincommon?A.Theymixliteratureandscience. B.Theyteachcreativewritingskills.C.Theyimprovedailycommunication. D.Theyrelatetothinkingandexpression.【正确答案】1.A2.B3.D【导语】主要介绍四本不同题材书籍的内容主旨、作者信息以及相关书评，向读者推荐各具价值的读物。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据ThePaleBlueDataPoint书籍介绍中的“ThisbookexploreshowscientistssearchforlifebeyondEarth.Itintroducesplanets,cetechnology,andthequestionsresearchersaskwhenlookingforunknownlifeintheuniverse.(这本书探讨科学家如何探寻地球以外的生命，介绍了行星、太空技术以及研究人员探寻宇宙未知生命时提出的各类问题。)”可知，JonWillis的著作主要围绕探寻地外生命展开。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据DecodingtheHand书籍书评后的标注“—SimonSchaffer,UniversityofCambridge.(——剑桥大学西蒙·谢弗。)”可知，为这本书撰写评论的人是SimonSchaffer。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据TheWorldinaPhrase书籍介绍中的“Clear,lively,andfullofinsight,thisbookshowswhybriefsayingscontinuetoshapethewaywethinkandspeak.(这本书语言通俗易懂、生动鲜活且富有真知灼见，阐释了格言警句为何能一直影响我们的思维与表达方式。)”以及TheNotebook书籍介绍中的“Allentellsthestoryofthenotebookandshowshowithashelpedtravelers,writers,scientists,andartistsrecordideasandshapetheirthinking.(罗兰·艾伦讲述笔记本的发展历程，阐明它如何帮助旅行者、作家、科学家和艺术家记录想法、塑造思维。)”可知，后两本书都和思维方式与表达息息相关。BHaveyoueverletcircumstancesconvinceyouthatyourdreamsareoutofreach?NancySolari’slifeisapowerfulanswertothatdoubt—sheturnedblindness,loss,andhardshipintoalifeofpurpose,provingthat“vision”haslittletodowithsight.At10,NancywatchedTheOprahWinfreyShowandknewshewantedtobeahost.ShelaterstudiedBroadcastingandPsychology,buildinganearlycareerinproductionandon-airreporting.Butat16,adiagnosisofRetinitisPigmentosa—adegenerativeeyedisease—changedeverything.Hervisionfadedslowly:first,readingtelepromptersbecameastruggle,thenfacesblurred,untilshewaslegallyblind.Shealsofaceddomesticviolence,familytensions,andpainfulpersonalloss,eachchallengestrengtheningherresilience.OnethingthatsetsNancyapartisthewaysheconnectswithpeopleininterviews.Insteadofdependingonprewrittennotes,shepreparesbylisteningcloselyandallowingguests’storiesofheartbreakandsuccesstoshapetheconversation.“Idon’treadnotes,”sheonceshared.“Thedialogueunfoldsnaturally,andguestsoftenfindittherapeutic.”Today,Nancy’sinfluencereachesfarbeyondbroadcasting.ShehostsTheLivingFullOutShow,aradioandTVplatformreachingmillions,andfoundedNonprofitMVP,aTVcompetitionthatoffersexposureandprizestoworthynonprofits.Asacoachandspeaker,sheencouragespeopletoturnobstaclesintoopportunities.ForNancy,“LivingFullOut”—herlife’smantra(信条)—meanstrustinginfaith,askingforhelpwhennecessary,andrefusingtoletadversitydefineherstory.Herjourneyteachesusatimelesslesson:Ourgreatestlimitationsareoftentheonesweaccept.Withpurposeandcourage,eventhedarkestchallengescanbecomethefoundationofourbrightestachievements.4.WhydoestheauthormentionTheOprahWinfreyShowinparagraph2?A.Tointroducethehistoryofbroadcasting.B.ToshowNancy’searlyinterestinpsychology.C.ToidentifythesourceofNancy’scareerdream.D.TocompareNancy’shostingstylewithOprah’s.5.HowdoesNancymakeherinterviewsspecial?A.Byusingdetailedprewrittennotes.B.Bydevelopingconversationsnaturally.C.Byinvitingfamousgueststohershow.D.Byfocusingonguests’successstories.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeNancy?A.Determinedandinfluential. B.Humorousandrelaxed.C.Quietanddependent. D.Strictanddoubtful.7.Whatmessagedoesthistextmainlyconvey?A.Mediaworkneedsspecialskills.B.Losscanpreventpersonalgrowth.C.Purposeandcouragebeathardship.D.Successdependsonpublicsupport.【正确答案】4.C5.B6.A7.C【导语】主要讲述南希虽遭遇失明、生活磨难，仍坚守主持梦想、励志追梦并激励他人的人生故事。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“At10,NancywatchedTheOprahWinfreyShowandknewshewantedtobeahost.(南希十岁时观看《奥普拉脱口秀》，从此立志成为一名主持人。)”可知，作者提及该节目是为了点明南希职业梦想的来源。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Insteadofdependingonprewrittennotes,shepreparesbylisteningcloselyandallowingguests’storiesofheartbreakandsuccesstoshapetheconversation.(她不依赖提前写好的稿件，而是通过认真倾听，让嘉宾那些关于悲痛与成功的故事自然主导整场对话。)”以及“Thedialogueunfoldsnaturally,andguestsoftenfindittherapeutic.(对话流畅自然地展开，嘉宾们常常觉得这样的交流具有治愈效果。)”可知，南希通过自然推进对话的方式让访谈别具特色。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Shealsofaceddomesticviolence,familytensions,andpainfulpersonalloss,eachchallengestrengtheningherresilience.(她还面临家庭暴力、家庭矛盾以及痛苦的个人失去，每一次挑战都让她更加坚韧。)”以及第四段中的“Today,Nancy’sinfluencereachesfarbeyondbroadcasting.(如今她的影响力早已远超广播行业)”可知，南希意志坚定且富有影响力。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是尾段中的“Ourgreatestlimitationsareoftentheonesweaccept.Withpurposeandcourage,eventhedarkestchallengescanbecomethefoundationofourbrightestachievements.(人最大的局限往往是自我设限，心怀目标与勇气，再大的困境也能成为成就的基石。)”可知，文章传递出心怀志向与勇气便能战胜苦难的人生道理。CWhydopeopleoftenmakechoicesthatseemirrational(不理智的)?Considerthe“peanutseffect”:whenoffered$0.10forsureora10%chanceof$1,manypicktheriskyoption.Butifthestakes(份额)riseto$1,000vs.a10%chanceof$10,000,mostchoosetheguaranteedmoney.Thisreversalhaslongpuzzledeconomists,whooncevieweditasaweaknessinhumanreasoning.A2025studyinCognitivePsychologychallengesthatview,framingsuchbehaviorasanoptimizationstrategyratherthanamistake.LedbyDr.ZhangHang’steam,theresearchdevelopedan“AssemblableResource-RationalModules”(ARRM)framework,modelingdecision-makingasinformationprocessingwithlimitedcognitiveresources.Theteamtestedtwokeyhypotheses(假说).First,the“rationalinattention”assumption:brainsdevotemorefocustohigh-stakeschoices.Whenrewardsgrow,peopleinvestextracognitiveefforttoestimateprobabilitiesaccurately.Second,the“structuralprior”hypothesis:lifetimeexperienceteachesusthat“higherriskmeanshigherreturn,”soweleanonthisruleforsmallstakes.Analyzingnewandpublisheddata,theARRMframeworksuccessfullyexplainedthepeanutseffect’scorefeatures.“Whatlooksillogicalisactuallythebrain’swayofsavingresources,”Zhangexplains.Forsmallrewards,theefforttocalculateexactprobabilitiesisn’tworthit—soweusesimplerules.Forlargerewards,precisionbecomesvaluable.Thisresearchchangesourunderstandingofdecision-making:apparentanomaliesoftenreflectlogicalresourcemanagement.Itmayalsohelpdesignbetterfinancialadvice,tailoringguidancetohowpeoplenaturallyprocessriskandreward.8.Whatdoesthe“peanutseffect”referto?A.Relianceonpastexperience. B.Shiftsinriskattitudewithrewardsize.C.Mistakesinhumanreasoning. D.Limitationsineconomicdecisions.9.Whatdoesthefirstassumptionsuggest?A.Smallrewardsgetlesspopularity. B.Largerewardsaffectjudgment.C.Effortriseswithrewardvalue. D.Smallchoicesneedexactjudgment.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“anomalies”inparagraph5mostprobablymean?A.Unusualcases. B.Commonhabits. C.Carefulplans. D.Mentalresources.11.Whatmighttheresearchbeappliedto?A.Developingcognitivetraining. B.Avoidingdailyliferisks.C.Increasingrewardvalues. D.Offeringpersonalizedfinancialtips.【正确答案】8.B9.C10.A11.D【导语】文章介绍花生效应及新研究揭秘其背后合理的决策机制与应用价值。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Considerthe“peanutseffect”:whenoffered$0.10forsureora10%chanceof$1,manypicktheriskyoption.Butifthestakes(份额)riseto$1,000vs.a10%chanceof$10,000,mostchoosetheguaranteedmoney.(不妨思考一下花生效应：当面临稳得0.1美元，或是有10%概率获得1美元的选择时，很多人会选冒险的方案。但当收益额度提高：稳拿1000美元，对比10%概率获得10000美元时，大多数人会选择稳妥到手的钱。)”可知，“花生效应”指的是风险态度随回报金额变化。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“First,the“rationalinattention”assumption:brainsdevotemorefocustohigh-stakeschoices.Whenrewardsgrow,peopleinvestextracognitiveefforttoestimateprobabilitiesaccurately.(首先是“理性疏忽”假说：大脑会把更多注意力投入到高风险、高回报的选择上。当收益增加时，人们会投入更多认知精力，去精准估算概率。)”可知，第一个假说表明努力程度会随着奖励价值而增加。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Thisresearchchangesourunderstandingofdecision-making:apparentanomaliesoftenreflectlogicalresourcemanagement.(这项研究改变了我们对决策的理解：表面上的anomalies往往反映了逻辑性的资源管理。)”结合前文所述，“花生效应”看似不合逻辑或不理智，但实际上是大脑节省资源的方式，因此anomalies应指“反常现象、不寻常的情况”。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Itmayalsohelpdesignbetterfinancialadvice,tailoringguidancetohowpeoplenaturallyprocessriskandreward.(它还可能有助于设计更好的财务建议，根据人们自然处理风险和回报的方式来量身定制指导。)”可知，这项研究可能被应用于提供个性化的财务建议。DEarth’smesosphere,alayeroftheatmospherefaraboveairplaneroutesandweathersystems,isfacingagrowingbutlittle-knownpollutionproblem:theburn-upofsatellitesduringre-entry.Morethan15,000satellitesarealreadycirclingEarth,andexpertsestimatethatanother70,000maybelaunchedby2030.Sincemostsatelliteshavelimitedlifetimes,manywilleventuallyfallbackthroughtheatmosphereandburnup.Scientistswarnthatthisprocessreleasesaluminumoxide,soot(煤烟),andotherreactivesubstancesintohighaltitudeswheretheireffectsarestillnotfullyunderstood.Aluminumisamajormaterialinsatellites,makingupabout40percentofatypicalone.Whenasatelliteburns,muchofthisaluminumturnsintoalumina(氧化铝),asubstancethatmayweakentheozonelayer,whichprotectslifeonEarthfromharmfulultravioletradiation.Anotherconcernissoot.Althoughfarlesssootreachesthemesospherethanlowerlevelsoftheatmosphere,itcanremainthereforyears,absorbsunlight,andtrapheat.A2022studysuggestedthatsootatsuchheightsmayhaveawarmingeffecthundredsoftimesstrongerthansootreleasedbycarsneartheground.Whatworriesresearchersevenmoreisthespeedofchange.Before2020,emissionsofmetalsandsootfromsatellitere-entrieswererisingatabout6percentayear.After2020,therateincreasedsharplyasmoresatelliteswerelaunched.A2025simulation(模拟推演)suggestedthatafuturesystemofover60,000short-lifetimesatellitescouldwarmthemesosphere(中间层)by1.5°Candweakenpolarwinds.Suchchangesmightinfluenceatmosphericcirculationinwaysscientistsdonotyetfullyunderstand.Researchersarenowexploringpossiblewaystoeasethedanger.Somescientistsaretestingwhetherdifferentre-entrypathscouldreduceharmfulemissions,thoughsuchmethodsmaycreateotherchemicals.Atthesametime,engineersaredevelopingatmosphere-breathingsatellitesandstudyingin-orbitrefuelingsothatcecraftcanstayinuselongerandavoidunnecessaryre-entries.Evenso,expertsstressthatmoreresearchisurgentlyneededbeforetheproblemgrowsbeyondcontrol.12.Whyisaluminafromsatelliteburn-upsamajorconcern?A.Itreleasesharmfulradiation.B.Itblockssunlightandtrapsheat.C.Itaffectsglobalweathersystems.D.ItdamagesEarth’sprotectiveshield.13.Whatmayhappeniftheproblemisleftunchecked?A.Worseeffectsfromupper-airsoot.B.Abreakinthenaturaltemperaturebalance.C.Awarmermesosphereandweakenedwinds.D.Acontinuousriseincedevicelaunches.14.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Potentialapproachestotheissue. B.Researchonnewre-entrypaths.C.Hiddenworriesofskyprojects. D.Newprogressincraftrefueling.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SolutionstoHighAirPollution B.FallingSatellites:AThreattoMesosphereC.TheUncertainFutureofSatelliteTechnology D.Mesosphere:AffectedbyMan-madeFlyingUnits【正确答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【导语】主要介绍卫星坠落烧毁给地球中间层带来污染，阐述其危害、变化速度以及科研人员探索的应对办法。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Whenasatelliteburns,muchofthisaluminumturnsintoalumina(氧化铝),asubstancethatmayweakentheozonelayer,whichprotectslifeonEarthfromharmfulultravioletradiation.(卫星燃烧时，大部分铝会转化为氧化铝，这种物质可能破坏臭氧层，而臭氧层可保护地球生物免受有害紫外线辐射。)”可知，氧化铝会破坏地球起防护作用的臭氧层。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A2025simulation(模拟推演)suggestedthatafuturesystemofover60,000short-lifetimesatellitescouldwarmthemesosphere(中间层)by1.5°Candweakenpolarwinds.(2025年的模拟推演表明，未来六万多颗短寿命卫星可能使中间层升温1.5摄氏度并削弱极地风力。)”可知，若问题放任不管，会出现中间层变暖和风力减弱的情况。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Researchersarenowexploringpossiblewaystoeasethedanger.(研究人员如今正在探索缓解这一危害的可行办法。)”可知，第四段主要介绍解决该问题的潜在途径与方法。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Earth’smesosphere,alayeroftheatmospherefaraboveairplaneroutesandweathersystems,isfacingagrowingbutlittle-knownpollutionproblem:theburn-upofsatellitesduringre-entry.(地球中间层——大气层中远高于航线和天气系统的一层——正面临一个日益严重却鲜为人知的污染问题：卫星重返大气层时的烧毁现象。)”以及后文围绕卫星坠落烧毁对中间层的危害、变化速度和应对办法展开论述可知，文章核心是卫星坠落给中间层带来的威胁，所以“FallingSatellites:AThreattoMesosphere(坠落卫星：中层大气的一大威胁)”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheWorldHealthOrganizationpredictsthatby2050,halfoftheglobalpopulationmayhavemyopia(近视).Thissharprisehasledscientiststostudyitscausesandpreventionmoreclosely.●____16____Myopiaoftenbeginsinchildhood,whentheeyeballgrowstoolongfromfronttoback.Thenlightcannotfocuscorrectlyontheretina,sodistantobjectsappearblurry.Researchersbelievenormaleyegrowthdependsonabalancebetweenbiologyandenvironment.Whenthatbalanceisdisturbed,myopiamaydevelop.●WhyoutdoortimemaymattermoreResearchersnowpointtoonemajorfactor:childrenarespendinglesstimeoutdoors.____17____.A2017studyinJAMAOphthalmologyfoundthatchildrenwithmoresunlightexposurewerelesslikelytobecomemyopic.●WhyscreensarestillaconcernThisdoesnotmeandigitaldevicesareharmless.Longperiodsofreading,scrolling(刷屏),orgamingkeeptheeyesfocusedonnearbyobjects.____18____.Sowhilescreensmaynotbetheonlycause,theycanstillspeedupmyopia.●MorethanavisionproblemMyopiaisoftenseenasasimpleeyesightissuethatglassescancorrect.____19____.Seriousmyopiamayalsoraisetheriskofothereyediseaseslaterinlife.●Smallchanges,realhelpGoodlighting,lessscreenglare,andregularbreaksduringcloseworkcanallhelpprotecttheeyes.Eyespecialistsalsorecommendthe20-20-20rule:every20minutes,lookatsomething20feetawayfor20seconds.____20____.A.HowmyopiaformsB.WhenmyopiastartsC.Therefore,sunlightmattersmoreD.It’snevertooearlytoprotecteyehealthE.StudieshavelinkedcloseworktohighermyopiariskF.OutdooractivitiesmayhelpbecausetheyreducescreentimeG.Theycanimprovevisionbutdonotremovelaterhealthrisks【正确答案】16.A17.C18.E19.G20.D【导语】文章介绍近视成因、危害及科学预防保护的方法。【16题详解】下文“Myopiaoftenbeginsinchildhood,whentheeyeballgrowstoolongfromfronttoback.Thenlightcannotfocuscorrectlyontheretina,sodistantobjectsappearblurry.Researchersbelievenormaleyegrowthdependsonabalancebetweenbiologyandenvironment.Whenthatbalanceisdisturbed,myopiamaydevelop.(近视通常始于儿童时期，此时眼球从前到后生长过长。然后光线不能正确地聚焦在视网膜上，所以远处的物体看起来模糊。研究人员认为，正常的眼睛生长取决于生物学和环境之间的平衡。当这种平衡被打破时，近视就可能发展。)”说明了近视形成的原因，空处应为本段的小标题，概括近视的形成原理，A选项“近视是如何形成的”总领本段，契合段落内容。【17题详解】上文“Researchersnowpointtoonemajorfactor:childrenarespendinglesstimeoutdoors.(研究人员现在指出一个主要因素：孩子们在户外的时间越来越少。)”说明了户外时间少是导致近视的一个因素，下文“A2017studyinJAMAOphthalmologyfoundthatchildrenwithmoresunlightexposurewerelesslikelytobecomemyopic.(2017年发表在《美国医学会眼科杂志》上的一项研究发现，接触阳光更多的儿童患近视的可能性更小。)”说明了阳光对预防近视的作用，空处承上启下，C选项“因此，阳光更重要”承接上文并总结因果，符合语境。【18题详解】上文“Thisdoesnotmeandigitaldevicesareharmless.Longperiodsofreading,scrolling(刷屏),orgamingkeeptheeyesfocusedonnearbyobjects.(这并不意味着数字设备是无害的。长时间的阅读、滚动或玩游戏会让眼睛一直盯着附近的物体。)”说明了长时间盯着屏幕对眼睛的危害，下文“Sowhilescreensmaynotbetheonlycause,theycanstillspeedupmyopia.（因此，虽然屏幕可能不是唯一的原因，但它们仍然会加速近视的发展。)”说明屏幕会加速近视，空处承上启下，E选项“研究表明，近距离工作与近视风险较高有关”衔接前后语境。【19题详解】上文“Myopiaisoftenseenasasimpleeyesightissuethatglassescancorrect.(近视通常被视为一个简单的视力问题，可以通过眼镜来矫正。)”说明了眼镜对近视的矫正作用，下文“Seriousmyopiamayalsoraisetheriskofothereyediseaseslaterinlife.(严重的近视也可能增加以后患其他眼病的风险。)”说明了近视的潜在危害，空处承上启下，G选项“它们可以改善视力，但不能消除以后的健康风险”形成语意转折，衔接自然，其中的“They”指代上文的glasses，符合上下文逻辑。【20题详解】上文“Goodlighting,lessscreenglare,andregularbreaksduringcloseworkcanallhelpprotecttheeyes.Eyespecialistsalsorecommendthe20-20-20rule:every20minutes,lookatsomething20feetawayfor20seconds.(良好的照明、减少屏幕眩光和近距离工作时的定期休息都有助于保护眼睛。眼科专家还推荐20-20-20法则：每20分钟，看20英尺外的东西20秒。)”说明了保护眼睛的方法，空处总结上文，D选项“保护眼睛健康永远不嫌早”总结收尾，契合本段倡议护眼的主旨。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Davidhadlosthisfatherwhenhewasababy.Andbeforeheturned13,hismotherwaskilledinacar____21____.Leftwithnooneto____22____him,hehadtogotofamilycare.ItwastherethatI,apsychologistatachildren’sinstitution,____23____David.Davidwasfacedwithsuchdeep____24____thatIrealizedconventionaltreatmenthadits____25____.Somesorrowsarebeyondwords.Insteadof____26____himtotalk,Isimplyprovidedaconsistentand____27____ce.Afterourinitial,wordlessmeetings,Itentativelysuggestedagameofchess.He____28____.Thisbeganourspecial____29____:everyWednesday,weplayedchessincompletesilence.Yet,duringthesesessions,abondwas____30____forming.Iobservedsubtle_____31_____—hisbodylanguagebecamelesstenseandseemedtofind____32____inoursharedfocus.The____33____camemonthslater.Whilehewasbentoverthechessboard,hesuddenlylookedup,metmygaze,andsaid,“It’syourturn.”Thosethreewordswereasignalforanewbeginning.Davidstartedtalking,madefriends,and____34____lifeagainthroughactivitieslikeabicycleclub.WhileIofferedDavidmypresence,hetaughtmefarmore:timeandcompanionshipcan____35____inwaysthatwordscannot.21.A.exhibition B.competition C.tour D.accident22.A.agreewith B.carefor C.relyon D.playwith23.A.examined B.tested C.met D.understood24.A.sadness B.stress C.anxiety D.confusion25.A.risks B.limits C.rules D.advantages26.A.allowing B.begging C.wanting D.pressing27.A.sympathetic B.exciting C.generous D.enormous28.A.doubted B.nodded C.hesitated D.sighed29.A.course B.exercise C.routine D.task30.A.quietly B.easily C.formally D.finally31.A.items B.marks C.shifts D.features32.A.courage B.comfort C.passion D.energy33.A.mistake B.disaster C.conclusion D.breakthrough34.A.abandoned B.balanced C.embraced D.improved35.A.heal B.remain C.appear D.continue【正确答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.B26.D27.A28.B29.C30.A31.C32.B33.D34.C35.A【导语】文章讲述了心理医生遇到自幼双亲离世、深陷悲伤的少年戴维，没有强行劝说他倾诉，而是以默默陪他下棋的方式长久陪伴，最终帮助戴维走出阴霾、重新拥抱生活，也让作者领悟到陪伴有着言语无法替代的治愈力量。【21题详解】考查名词。句意：在他年满十三岁之前，他的母亲在一场车祸中不幸离世。A.exhibition展览；B.competition比赛；C.tour旅行；D.accident事故。根据空前的“hismotherwaskilledinacar”可知，他的母亲在车祸中丧生，caraccident符合语境。【22题详解】考查动词短语。句意：身边没有人可以照顾他，他不得不进入家庭看护机构生活。A.agreewith同意；B.carefor照顾；C.relyon依靠；D.playwith玩耍。根据空后的“hehadtogotofamilycare”可知，没人照顾的戴维不得不进入家庭看护机构生活。【23题详解】考查动词。句意：我是一名儿童福利机构的心理医生，正是在那里我遇见了戴维。A.examined检查；B.tested测试；C.met遇见；D.understood理解。根据空前的“ItwastherethatI,apsychologistatachildren’sinstitution”可知，作者是儿童机构的心理学家，在寄养中心遇到了戴维。【24题详解】考查名词。句意：戴维深陷巨大的悲伤之中，我意识到传统的治疗方式存在自身的局限。A.sadness悲伤；B.stress压力；C.anxiety焦虑；D.confusion困惑。根据前文“Davidhadlosthisfatherwhenhewasababy.”及“hismotherwaskilledinacar”可知，戴维接连失去双亲，深陷巨大的悲伤之中。【25题详解】考查名词。句意：戴维深陷巨大的悲伤之中，我意识到传统的治疗方式存在自身的局限。A.risks风险；B.limits局限；C.rules规则；D.advantages优势。根据后文的“Somesorrowsarebeyondwords.”可知，有些悲伤无法用语言表达，因此作者意识到传统治疗有局限性。【26题详解】考查动词。句意：我没有逼迫他开口诉说心事，只是为他提供了一个安稳且富有同理心的相处空间。A.allowing允许；B.begging乞求；C.wanting想要；D.pressing逼迫。根据前文的“Somesorrowsarebeyondwords.”可知，有些悲伤无法用语言表达，作者没有逼迫戴维开口说话。【27题详解】考查形容词。句意：我没有逼迫他开口诉说心事，只是为他提供了一个安稳且富有同理心的相处空间。A.sympathetic同情的；B.exciting令人兴奋的；C.generous慷慨的；D.enormous巨大的。根据空前的“Isimplyprovidedaconsistentand”可知，空处与consistent并列，sympathetic意为“共情的、有同情心的”，符合心理治疗的场景。【28题详解】考查动词。句意：在我们最初几次无言的相处之后，我试探着提议下一盘国际象棋，他点了点头。A.doubted怀疑；B.nodded点头；C.hesitated犹豫；D.sighed叹气。根据后文“everyWednesday,weplayedchessincompletesilence”可知，作者提议下象棋，戴维点头同意了这个提议。【29题详解】考查名词。句意：这开启了我们特殊的固定惯例：每周三，我们都会在完全的沉默中下棋。A.course课程；B.exercise锻炼；C.routine惯例；D.task任务。根据空后的“everyWednesday,weplayedchessincompletesilence”可知，每周三固定下棋成为二人的固定惯例。【30题详解】考查副词。句意：然而在这些相处的时光里，一份情感纽带正悄然形成。A.quietly悄悄地；B.easily容易地；C.formally正式地；D.finally最终。前文“everyWednesday,weplayedchessincompletesilence”可知，二人下棋全程静默，情感联结在悄悄形成。【31题详解】考查名词。句意：我观察到他细微的状态变化，他的肢体语言不再那么紧绷僵硬并且他似乎在我们共同专注的棋局中找到了内心的慰藉。A.items物品；B.marks分数；C.shifts变化；D.features特征。根据后文“hisbodylanguagebecamelesstense”可知，作者观察到戴维细微的转变，shifts表示“转变、变化”，符合后文对戴维状态变化的描述。【32题详解】考查名词。句意：我观察到他细微的状态变化，他的肢体语言不再那么紧绷僵硬并且他似乎在我们共同专注的棋局中找到了慰藉。A.courage勇气；B.comfort慰藉；C.passion激情；D.energy精力。根据前文“hisbodylanguagebecamelesstense”可知，戴维肢体不再那么紧绷，在二人共同的专注的棋局中找到慰藉。【33题详解】考查名词。句意：几个月之后，关键性的突破终于到来。A.mistake错误；B.disaster灾难；C.conclusion结论；D.breakthrough突破。根据后文“Whilehewasbentoverthechessboard,hesuddenlylookedup,metmygaze,andsaid,‘It’syourturn.’”可知，封闭的戴维主动开口说话，这是治疗的突破。【34题详解】考查动词。句意：戴维开始与人交谈、结交朋友，并通过自行车社团这类活动重新拥抱生活。A.abandoned抛弃；B.balanced平衡；C.embraced拥抱；D.improved改善。根据前文“Thosethreewordswereasignalforanewbeginning.”可知，戴维走出阴霾，开始重新拥抱生活。【35题详解】考查动词。句意：虽然我给戴维提供了我的陪伴，但他教会我的更多：时间与陪伴能够以言语无法做到的方式治愈人心。A.heal治愈；B.remain保持；C.appear出现；D.continue继续。通读全文可知，文章讲述了时间和陪伴能完成语言无法做到的心灵治愈。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AnexhibitionandacademicconferencehighlightingthecivilizationoftheancientShuKingdominChinaopenedonSaturdayinOxford,England,____36____around160guestsattendingtheopeningceremony.____37____(title)“BehindtheMasks:DiscoveringSanxingduiandJinsha,”theeventatStAnne’sCollege,UniversityofOxford,showcasesthelatestarchaeological____38____(discovery)fromtherenownedSanxingduiandJinshaarchaeologicalsitesinsouthwestChina,____39____datebackapproximately3,600to2,800years.Throughphotographs,multimediainstallationsandcopiesofartifacts,theexhibitionintroducesvisito