福建泉州第五中学2025~2026学年高二下册5月期中英语试卷【附解析】

/泉州五中2025-2026学年第二学期期中考试高二英语本试卷共10页，试卷满分：150分，考试时间：120分钟注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话读两遍。1.Whatdidthemandoyesterdayafternoon?A.Hesawadoctor.B.Hetookarest.C.Hereadabook.2.WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthemanandJack?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Coachandplayer.C.Fatherandson.3.WhatdoesthewomanremindTonytodo?A.Bringhislunchbox.B.Reviewforthetest.C.Leaveearlyforschool.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atacinema.B.Atatrainstation.C.Inahospital.5.Howdoesthemansound?A.Annoyed.B.Surprised.C.Understanding.第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。3.WhatgiftdoesWilliamgivetoKate?A.Afridgemagnet.B.Amug.C.Akeychain.4.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotogethertoday?A.Trysomedessert.B.Visitsomefriends.C.Playtennis.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。5.WhatisAvaprobablydoingatthebeginningoftheconversation?A.Watchingadocumentary.B.Readingamagazine.C.BrowsingtheInternet.6.Whereweretheearlymammalfossilsdiscovered?A.InAustralia.B.IntheUS.C.InChina.7.Whatdoweknowabouttheearlymammals?A.Theyhaddark-brownfur.B.Theywerethesizeofcats.C.Theywereactiveindaytime.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。8.Whatdayisittoday?A.Thursday.B.Friday.C.Saturday.9.Howwasthemanplanningtogettothecinemaoriginally?A.Bybus.B.Bybicycle.C.Bytaxi.10.Whyisthemanunwillingtodrivehiscartomorrow?A.Hewantstodrinkalcohol.B.Heisstillanewdriver.C.Hedoesn’twantmudonit.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。11.Whatnaturalresourceisthespeakers’livingplacerichin?A.Water.B.Solarpower.C.Forest.12.WhatdoesCathythinkoffarmingindoors?A.It’stiring.B.It’sunrealistic.C.It’sinteresting.13.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Tipsonresourceexploration.B.Imaginationoffuturecities.C.Proposalsforcitymanagement.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。14.Whichcompanyfirstintroducedpeel-apartfilm?A.Kodak.B.Fujifilm.C.Polaroid.15.Howmuchdidthe20boxesofpeel-apartfilmcostClark?A.1,400yuan.B.15,000yuan.C.30,000yuan.16.WhoareClark’smaincustomersforpeel-apartfilmnow?A.Youngfashionlovers.B.Oldergenerations.C.Cameraenthusiasts.17.Howdidthespokesmanreacttothepeel-apartfilmbuyers?A.Hethankedthem.B.Hewarnedthem.C.Hecriticizedthem.第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIntoday’sglobaltrade,productsafetyisextremelyimportant.Therefore,labelsonproductshelpconsumersmakeinformedchoices.Theprimaryfunctionofthesemarksistoensurethesafetyofusersandproperty.Forinstance,electricalequipmentsoldintheEuropeanUnionmustcarrythe“CE”mark,whichprovesthattheproductmeetsallrelevantEUstandards.Unlikeanofficialapproval,itisbasedonthecompany’sownevaluation.Incontrast,theChinese“CCC”markrequirestestingbyanofficialorganization,andacertificatemustbeobtained.Productswithoutthe“CCC”markcannotbesoldinChina.Othermarksarealsoimportant.TheFrench“FR”signinstructsconsumerstoseparatepackagingforrecycling.The“RoHS”markshowsaproductlimitsharmfulmaterialsunderEUrules,butasitismerelyonepartoftheCEstandard,itdoesnotensurefullcompliance(遵守).Codeslike“SKC/SKU”aresimplyusedbycompaniestomanagetheirproductstorage.Mostimportantly,productsmusthaveclearsafetywarningsontheirlabels,ortheywillbebannedfromthemarket.Belowisaproductlabel:1.WhichmarkisrequiredforadigitalcameratobesoldinEurope?A.FR.B.CE.C.SKC.D.RoHS.2.Whichriskisleastlikelytooccuraccordingtothisproductlabel?A.Cuts.B.Poisoning.C.Burns.D.Choking.3.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthisproductfromthelabel?A.ItisallowedtobesoldinChina.B.Itspackagingcannotberecycled.C.Itcanbeopenedbychildrenalone.D.Itrestrictscertainharmfulsubstances.【正确答案】1.B2.A3.D【导语】文章介绍了全球贸易中的产品标签与安全标识。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Forinstance,electricalequipmentsoldintheEuropeanUnionmustcarrythe“CE”mark.(例如，在欧盟销售的电气设备必须带有CE标识)”可知，相机作为电气设备，在欧洲销售必须带有CE标识。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据WARNING部分“Toavoiddangerofchoke,keepthisplasticbagawayfrombabiesandchildren.(为避免窒息风险，请将此塑料袋远离婴幼儿)”及“Thisproductcontainsabuttoncellorcoinbattery.AswallowedbuttoncellorcoinbatterycancauseInternalChemicalBurns.Batteryliquidispoisonousandcancausedizzinessandotherserioussymptoms.(本产品含有纽扣电池。吞下纽扣电池或硬币电池可能导致体内化学灼伤。电池液有毒，可能引发头晕及其他严重症状)”可知，提到了窒息风险（Choking）、化学灼伤（Burns）和中毒（Poisoning），但没有提到割伤（Cuts）相关的风险。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“The“RoHS”markshowsaproductlimitsharmfulmaterialsunderEUrules(RoHS标识表明该产品按照欧盟法规限制了有害物质的使用)”及标签上的RoHS标识可知，该产品限制了某些有害物质的使用。BAllalone,thesmallbrowncoinlayonthewindowsill.Occasionally,aspideroraflycameby;heworespiderwebs,andalightlayerofdust.Themorningsunwarmedhim,thenmovedaway.Hehadbeenplacedthere“incase”,andsohewaited.Nooneneededhimformuchofanything,thesedays.Policymakerskeptremarking,woundingly,thatitcostmoretomakeeachpenny(in2024,3.69cents)thanitwasworth.Thatwaswhy,theyexplained,theywouldbeendingproductionin2026.Forsometimenow,peoplehadsouredonhim.Whenhewashandedoverinchange,shopperswavedhimawaywith“Keepthepenny”.Increasingly,theysimplywavedacardandignoredhim.Hehadspentlongerandlongersimplylyingaround.Ineconomicterms,however,helikedtothinkhewasstillimportant,encouragingcarefulbudgeting.Thepricewascalculateddowntothesmallestdetail(namely,him).Whenaproductwaspricedat$19.99,ratherthan$20,peopleweremorewillingtobuyit,boostingtheeconomy.Thentherewasthematterofcharity.Wherewouldallthoseboxesbe,withoutthelikesofhim?Inseveralcitiescentswereharvestedforgoodcauses;schoolchildrencollectedtheminclothbags.Thousandsofdollarswereraisedthatway,littlebylittle.Sucharguments,however,plainlydidnotpersuadepolicymakers.What,then,washisfuture,andthatofanyotherpenny?Asanaccessory,perhaps.Afterall,pennieswerelucky.Agood-lookingcent,ascentswent,hecouldbecomeabutton.Gluedtoaleg,hecouldstopachairfromwobbling(摇晃).Therewereworsefates,suchasbeingthrowninafountain.Noneofthiswaswhathehadbeenmadefor.Andso,withhumility(谦卑),heacceptedhisnewpurposeinnationallife.Perhaps,someday,hewouldhearhisownersay:“GladIkeptthatpenny.”Inthefarfuturehemightbecomerareandvaluable.Thiswashischiefcomfortthatsomepeople,atleast,wouldstillappreciatethatfacevalueandtruewortharenotatallthesamething.4.Whichparagraphpresentsanargumentagainstpolicymakers’decision?A.Paragraph1. B.Paragraph2. C.Paragraph3. D.Paragraph4.5.WhyischaritymentionedinParagraph5?A.Tointroducenewproblemsincharitywork.B.Toraiseconcernsaboutwastingsmallcoins.C.Togivefurtherevidenceofthepenny’svalue.D.Tomakeacontrastbetweengivingandspending.6.Whatwouldthepennyimagineasitsbestpossiblefuture?A.Becomingacollectible. B.Endingupinafountain.C.Beingusedasadecoration. D.Beingremadeintoanewcoin.7.Whatistheoveralltoneofthetext?A.Veryformalbutabitdry. B.Mildlyhumorousbutabitsad.C.Seeminglycalmbutabitdistant. D.Highlyromanticbutabitunreal.【正确答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一枚被放置在窗台上的便士硬币，面对即将被停止生产的命运，思考自身价值及未来可能用途的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Ineconomicterms,however,helikedtothinkhewasstillimportant,encouragingcarefulbudgeting.Thepricewascalculateddowntothesmallestdetail(namely,him).Whenaproductwaspricedat$19.99,ratherthan$20,peopleweremorewillingtobuyit,boostingtheeconomy.(然而，从经济角度来看，他喜欢认为自己仍然很重要，鼓励人们精打细算。价格计算到了最小的细节（即他）。当一件产品定价为19.99美元，而不是20美元时，人们更愿意购买它，从而促进经济发展)”可知，第四段提出了反对政策制定者决定的论点，即便士在促进经济发展方面仍有重要作用。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Thentherewasthematterofcharity.Wherewouldallthoseboxesbe,withoutthelikesofhim?Inseveralcitiescentswereharvestedforgoodcauses;schoolchildrencollectedtheminclothbags.Thousandsofdollarswereraisedthatway,littlebylittle.(然后是慈善事业。如果没有像他这样的硬币，那些盒子会放在哪里呢？在几个城市里，人们为了慈善事业而收集便士；小学生们用布袋收集它们。就这样，一点一点地筹集了数千美元)”可知，提到慈善是为了进一步证明便士的价值，即便士在慈善事业中也能发挥重要作用。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Inthefarfuturehemightbecomerareandvaluable.Thiswashischiefcomfortthatsomepeople,atleast,wouldstillappreciatethatfacevalueandtruewortharenotatallthesamething.(在遥远的未来，他可能会变得稀有而珍贵。这是他主要的安慰，至少有些人仍然会明白面值和真正的价值完全不是一回事)”可知，便士想象自己最好的未来是成为收藏品，变得稀有而珍贵。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据全文内容，文章通过拟人化的手法，以一枚便士的视角讲述了其面临被停止生产的命运，思考自身价值及未来可能用途的故事，例如最后一段中“Thiswashischiefcomfortthatsomepeople,atleast,wouldstillappreciatethatfacevalueandtruewortharenotatallthesamething.(让他感到最大安慰的是，至少还有一些人会明白面值和真正的价值完全不是一回事)”整体语气略带幽默，但同时也流露出一种淡淡的忧伤，因为便士即将失去其原有的地位和作用。故选B。CAninternationalresearchteamhasdiscoveredthatwildchimps(黑猩猩)inTanzania’sGombeNationalParkdemonstratebasicengineeringskillswhenmakingtools.Theydeliberatelyselectflexibleplantmaterialstocreateeffective“fishingrods”forcatchingtermites(白蚁),showingadvancedunderstandingofmaterialproperties.PublishedinthejournaliScience,thesefindingsprovidenewinsightsintohowanimalsdeveloptoolsusingeasilydamagedmaterials—apoorlyunderstoodaspectofhumantechnologicalevolution.Termitesserveasanimportantfoodsourceforchimps,richinproteinandnutrients.Toextracttheseinsectsfromtheircomplicatedundergroundnests,chimpsrequirethin,bendablesticksthatcannavigatewindingtunnels.Researcherstestedplantmaterialsusingportableequipmenttomeasureflexibility.Theyfoundthatplantsignoredbychimpswere175%stifferthanthoseregularlychosen.Evenamongplantsgrowingneartermitenests,thoseshowingchimpbitemarksproducedmoreflexibletoolsthanuntouchedones.LeadresearcherDr.AlejandraPascual-Garrido,whohasstudiedchimptoolsforovertenyears,stated:“Thisisthefirstclearevidencethatwildchimpsselecttoolmaterialsbasedonmechanicalperformance.”Remarkably,similarplantchoicesappearinchimpgroupslivingupto5,000kmfromGombe,suggestingsharedengineeringprinciplesintheirtool-makingculture.Thisindicateschimpsmaypossess“folkphysics”—aninstinctiveunderstandingofmaterialpropertiesthatguidestheirtoolselection.Theirengineeringskillsinvolvecarefulmaterialtestingratherthanrandomchoices.“Bycombininganimalbehaviorstudieswithmaterialscience,webetterunderstandhowchimpsevaluatetooleffectiveness,”explainedDr.Pascual-Garrido.Theresearchraisesquestionsabouthowsuchknowledgeispassedbetweengenerations,suchasyoungchimpslearningbyobservingtheirmothers.Italsohelpsscientistsunderstandearlyhumantool-makingskillsthatleftnophysicalevidence.Dr.AdamvanCasteren,abiomechanicsexpert,noted:“Thoughwoodentoolsrarelysurviveinancientsites,themechanicalrulesbehindeffectivetoolsremainconsistentacrossspecies.”Thiscomparativeapproachhelpsreconstructphysicalrequirementsthatshapedearlyhumantechnology,offeringcluesaboutprehistorictoolusethatarchaeologycannotpreserve.8.Whyarespecificplantmaterialsoftenchosenbychimpsastools?A.Theyaremoreplentiful. B.Theyarecommonlyused.C.Theyfitintotermitenests. D.Theyattractmanytermites.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stiffer”probablymeaninparagraph3?A.Lightertocarry. B.Easiertoshape. C.Slowertodry. D.Hardertobend.10.Whatdoesthestudyrevealaboutchimptool-making?A.Itfollowsanintentionalprocess. B.Itispasseddownthroughgenes.C.Itproveschimpsareaswiseashumans. D.Itisanabilitylimitedtoaspecificgroup.11.Whatishighlightedinthelastparagraph?A.Potentialcriticism. B.Studysignificance.C.Supportingevidence. D.Researchbackground.【正确答案】8.C9.D10.A11.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于黑猩猩制作工具能力的研究，揭示了它们如何根据材料特性选择适合的植物材料来制作工具，并探讨了这一发现对人类早期工具制作技能研究的启示。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Termitesserveasanimportantfoodsourceforchimps,richinproteinandnutrients.Toextracttheseinsectsfromtheircomplicatedundergroundnests,chimpsrequirethin,bendablesticksthatcannavigatewindingtunnels.(白蚁是黑猩猩的重要食物来源，富含蛋白质和营养物质。为了从复杂的地下巢穴中获取这些昆虫，黑猩猩需要使用细长且可弯曲的树枝，因为这些树枝能够穿过蜿蜒的隧道)”可知，黑猩猩选择特定的植物材料来制作工具，是因为这些材料可以适应白蚁巢穴的复杂结构，便于它们捕捉白蚁。故选C项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Toextracttheseinsectsfromtheircomplicatedundergroundnests,chimpsrequirethin,bendablesticksthatcannavigatewindingtunnels.(为了从复杂的地下巢穴中获取这些昆虫，黑猩猩需要使用细长且可弯曲的树枝，因为这些树枝能够穿过蜿蜒的隧道)”以及第三段划线词所在的句子“Theyfoundthatplantsignoredbychimpswere175%stifferthanthoseregularlychosen.(他们发现，被黑猩猩忽视的植物比它们经常选择的植物stiffer175%)”可知，黑猩猩需要细小、可弯曲的棍子来捕捉白蚁，那么，被黑猩猩忽视的植物就是更硬，更不易弯曲的，因此可推断出“stiffer”在这里的意思是“更硬，更不易弯曲”。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Thisindicateschimpsmaypossess“folkphysics”—aninstinctiveunderstandingofmaterialpropertiesthatguidestheirtoolselection.Theirengineeringskillsinvolvecarefulmaterialtestingratherthanrandomchoices.(这表明黑猩猩可能具备‘民间物理学’——一种对物质特性的本能理解，这种理解指导着它们对工具的选择。它们的工程技能体现在对材料的仔细测试上，而非随意的选择)”可知，研究揭示了黑猩猩在制作工具时遵循了一个有意识的过程，它们会根据材料的机械性能来选择合适的材料。故选A项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Theresearchraisesquestionsabouthowsuchknowledgeispassedbetweengenerations,suchasyoungchimpslearningbyobservingtheirmothers.Italsohelpsscientistsunderstandearlyhumantool-makingskillsthatleftnophysicalevidence.Dr.AdamvanCasteren,abiomechanicsexpert,noted:“Thoughwoodentoolsrarelysurviveinancientsites,themechanicalrulesbehindeffectivetoolsremainconsistentacrossspecies.”Thiscomparativeapproachhelpsreconstructphysicalrequirementsthatshapedearlyhumantechnology,offeringcluesaboutprehistorictoolusethatarchaeologycannotpreserve.(这项研究引发了关于此类知识在代际之间如何传承的疑问，比如幼年黑猩猩是通过观察母亲来学习的。它还帮助科学家理解早期人类的工具制作技能，这些技能没有留下任何实物证据。生物力学专家亚当·范·卡斯特伦博士指出：‘尽管木制工具在古代遗址中很少能保存下来，但有效工具背后的机械原理在不同物种中是保持一致的。’这种比较方法有助于重建塑造早期人类技术的物理要求，为考古学无法保存的史前工具使用情况提供了线索)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了这项研究的意义。故选B项。DThe18thcenturyGermanphilosopherImmanuelKantlivedveryfirmlyinaworldoftime.HewassostrictaboutroutinethathisfellowcitizensofKocnigsbergcouldsettheirwatchesbyhisafternoonwalk.However,inhisphilosophicalwork,Kantwasdoubtfulabouttime.Hebelievedtimeiscreatedbythehumanmind.Outtherebeyondourminds,thereisnotime.It’ssimplya“category”ofourmindsthathelpsustoperceiveobjectsandorderourexperience.Theflexibilityofourtimeperception(感知)supportsKant’sdoubt.Weallknowtimeisnotafixedphenomenonbutseemstopassatdifferentspeedsindifferentsituations.Forexample,itseemstogoslowlywhenwetraveltounfamiliarplaces,orwhenweareboredorinpain.Itseemstospeedupwhenwe’reabsorbed,suchaswhenweplaymusicorpaint.Ourperceptionoftimecanchangeinadramaticway.Perhaps,atleastonceinyourlife,you’vehadwhatiscalleda“TimeExpansionExperience(TEE),”whensecondshavestretchedoutintominutes.TEEshappenmostfrequentlyinaccidentswhereperceptionbecomesmoreintensethannormalandthuspeoplenoticemoredetails.Inaccidentsituations,peopleareoftensurprisedbytheamountoftimetheyhavetothinkandact.Infact,manypeopleareconvincedthattimeexpansionredthemfromtheirseriousinjury,orevendeath.Forexample,awomanwhoreportedaTEEinwhichsheavoidedametalbarrierfallingontohercarsaid,“Formetheslowingdownofthemomentallowedmetodecidehowtoescapethefallingmetalonus.”AllofthissuggeststhatKantwasright.Perhapsthereasonwhytimeisvariableisbecauseitdoesn’treallyexist—atleast,outsideourminds.Thereisnoobjectivetimeoutthereintheuniverse.Whatweexperienceastimeisfiltered(过滤)throughourminds,andsovariesaccordingtoourstateofmind.12.WhichofthefollowingwouldImmanuelKantapproveof?A.Timeisabasicqualityoftheworld.B.Timeisarecordofhumanexperience.C.Timeisasituationmeasuredbydailyroutine.D.Timeisamentalconceptgeneratedbyhumans.13.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?A.Timeprogressesataconstantspeed.B.Fullattentionaffectspeople’ssenseoftime.C.Timeperceptionvariesdependingoncontext.D.Peoplefeeltimeslowsdownonspecialoccasions.14.WhatdopeoplethinkofTEEsinaccidents?A.Inspiring. B.Beneficial. C.Temporary. D.Painful.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheSecretofTime:AStateofMindB.TimeExpansion:RealorImaginary?C.TimePerception:APhilosophicalExplorationD.TheClockworkoftheMind:HowtoMeasureTime?【正确答案】12.D13.C14.B15.A【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了康德的时间主观性理论及人类时间感知的弹性现象。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hebelievedtimeiscreatedbythehumanmind.Outtherebeyondourminds,thereisnotime.It’ssimplya“category”ofourmindsthathelpsustoperceiveobjectsandorderourexperience.(他相信时间是由人类的思想创造的。在我们的意识之外，没有时间。它只是我们思维的一个“范畴”，帮助我们感知物体并安排我们的经验)”可知，康德会认可“时间是人类产生的一种精神概念”这一观点。故选D。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Theflexibilityofourtimeperception(感知)supportsKant’sdoubt.Weallknowtimeisnotafixedphenomenonbutseemstopassatdifferentspeedsindifferentsituations.Forexample,itseemstogoslowlywhenwetraveltounfamiliarplaces,orwhenweareboredorinpain.Itseemstospeedupwhenwe’reabsorbed,suchaswhenweplaymusicorpaint.(我们对时间感知的灵活性支持了康德的怀疑。我们都知道时间不是一个固定的现象，在不同的情况下似乎以不同的速度流逝。例如，当我们去不熟悉的地方旅行时，或者当我们感到无聊或痛苦时，它似乎走得很慢。当我们全神贯注的时候，比如当我们玩音乐或画画的时候，它似乎会加速)”可知，该段主要讲时间感知因情境而异。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Inaccidentsituations,peopleareoftensurprisedbytheamountoftimetheyhavetothinkandact.Infact,manypeopleareconvincedthattimeexpansionredthemfromtheirseriousinjury,orevendeath.Forexample,awomanwhoreportedaTEEinwhichsheavoidedametalbarrierfallingontohercarsaid, “Formetheslowingdownofthemomentallowedmetodecidehowtoescapethefallingmetalonus.”(在发生事故的情况下，人们常常会惊讶于他们必须思考和行动的时间。事实上，许多人相信时间膨胀使他们免于重伤，甚至死亡。例如，一位女士报告说，她在时间膨胀中避开了掉到她车上的金属障碍物，她说：“对我来说，减速的那一刻让我决定如何逃离落在我们身上的金属)”可知，人们认为在事故中的时间膨胀体验是有益的。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段“Whatweexperienceastimeisfiltered(过滤)throughourminds,andsovariesaccordingtoourstateofmind.(随着时间的流逝，我们所经历的一切都被我们的思维过滤了，因此随着我们的精神状态而变化)”可知，文章开篇介绍康德认为时间是由人类思维创造的，接着通过讲述时间感知的灵活性以及时间膨胀体验等内容，说明了时间是因我们的精神状态而变化的，所以选项A“时间的秘密：一种精神状态”能很好地概括文章主旨。故选A。第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.____16____WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.____17____Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.____18____Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注册)orfunding.____19____Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult?Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.____20____Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.A.Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B.Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C.Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.D.However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.E.Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F.They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G.Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.【正确答案】16.D17.F18.G19.B20.E【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。【16题详解】根据空前内容“It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。【17题详解】根据空前内容“WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“moresurprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。【18题详解】空前内容“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。【19题详解】根据空前内容“Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注册)orfunding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。【20题详解】根据下文内容“Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Myfather’sthrift(节俭)philosophyshapedmyyouth.Unlikepeersreceivingpocketmoney,Inevergotapenny—notoutofcruelty,buttobuild____21____.Eachmorning,he’dnote,“Mrs.Wilsonneedshergarden____22____;Mr.Catterrequireshelpsortingbottles.”Iearnedcoinsthrough____23____workintheneighborhood:sweepingleaves,clearingsnowandplantingtrees.Savingsfilledmytin,itsweightshowingmygrowing____24____.Thoughheoccasionallyborrowedfromitforemergencies(aflattireoramedicalbill),____25____wasexactandtimely.WhenIlosttwomonths’earningsina(n)____26____lemonadebusiness,hisonlywordswere,“Liveandlearn.”Attwelve,Iconsideredthiscruel;atthirty,I____27____itswisdom—truelessonsgrowthroughdoing.Modernthrifteducation____28____saving,butignoresitskeypoint:earning.Fatherbelieved“Earnedcoinsteachvalue;givencoinsgenerategreed”—atruthmanyfamiliesoverlookwhile____29____thrift.Bydeliveringpapersatdawnandwashingcarsatdusk,Ilearnedthattruethriftisatriad(三位一体):earnthrough_____30_____,savewithintention,spendwithcare.Thistrio,_____31_____inclassrooms,rootsinblistered(起水泡的)handsanddifficultsituations._____32_____,thethriftIwasbroughtupwithstandsinsharpcontrasttowhatIseeinthewiderworld.1.3billiontonsoffoodarethrownawayannuallywhile800millionstarve.Thisphenomenon_____33_____myFoodRescueproject—redirectingleftoverbakerygoodstofoodbanksandtrainingyouthto_____34_____desertedfurnitureforschools.Throughsuchacts,thriftbecomessocialjustice.AsFathersaid,“Earningteachesrespectforresources.”Inourwastefulera,thrifttransformsfroma_____35_____disciplinetocollectiveduty.21.A.self-control B.self-defense C.self-reliance D.self-improvement22.A.removed B.stampedon C.weeded D.laidout23.A.voluntary B.permanent C.dangerous D.seasonal24.A.pride B.fear C.doubt D.respect25.A.punishment B.investment C.repayment D.donation26.A.expanding B.failed C.illegal D.profitable27.A.ignore B.recall C.question D.value28.A.focuseson B.departsfrom C.movesbeyond D.benefitsfrom29.A.opposing B.advocating C.ignoring D.realizing30.A.creativity B.skills C.labor D.talents31.A.incomparable B.popular C.unteachable D.boring32.A.Accidentally B.However C.Consequently D.Instead33.A.complicates B.delays C.replaces D.fuels34.A.reuse B.remake C.rearrange D.regain35.A.strict B.personal C.strong D.internal【正确答案】21.C22.C23.D24.A25.C26.B27.D28.A29.B30.C31.C