2025-2026学年北京市北师大实验中学高一（下）期中英语试卷（含答案）

第=page22页，共=sectionpages22页2025-2026学年北京市北师大实验中学高一（下）期中英语试卷一、选词填空-句子：本大题共2小题，共15分。1.用方框中所给词汇或短语的适当形式填空，每词只能用一次，有一词多余。

conduct；comeacross；crowdinonsb.；survive；judgefrom；advocate；

explore；integratewith；engagein；benotedfor；strike（1）Whenshesawtheoldpicture，manychildhoodmemories______her.

（2）Moreandmoreyoungpeople______asimpleandlow-carbonlifestyleinthepasttenyears.

（3）______isthemostimportantthingforthosetrappedinthewild.

（4）Whatis______abouttheancientcastleisitsuniquebuildingstyle.

（5）Manycollegestudentspreferto______meaningfulsocialactivitiesintheirfreetime.

（6）Hisbrave______inthedesertmadehimwell-knowninhiscountry.

（7）______hisappearance，wecan'tknowwhatkindofpersonhereallyis.

（8）Thesenewcourses______localcultureperfectlylastyear，buttheyarenolongeraseffectivetoday.

（9）Thelocalmuseum______aspecialexhibitionabouttraditionalartnextmonth.

（10）Thissmalltown______itsbeautifulnaturalsightsandfriendlypeopleinthe19thcentury.(1)

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2.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词只能用一次，有一词多余。

collapsereliantcoursecombinededicateenrichment（1）Theseeventschangedthe______ofhistory.

（2）Theyare______onaverylimitednumberofexportableproducts.

（3）Untilnow，talksbetweenmanagementandunions______.

（4）He'stooseriousand______，wrappedupinhiscareer.

（5）The______ofhardworkandtalentmadehersuccessful.(1)

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二、阅读理解：本大题共14小题，共22分。AFortheLoveofFoodMakefoodyourlifeintheCIAAssociateinCulinaryArtsdegreeprogram.You'llnotonlybuildthecoreskillsusedbyeverychef；you'llchartyourownpathtowardalifelongcareerdoingwhatyoulove.Learntoprepareawidevarietyofdishesandcuisines，managepeople，andusestate-of-the-artequipment—allinlessthantwoyears!Comeandmakeourtrademarkhands-onlearningapproachandindustry-provenexpertsworkforyou.

Highlights：

1stSession：Learnhowtodevelopflavor，employclassicandcontemporaryculinarytechniques，createmenus，andprepareglobalcuisines.

2ndSession：Studythewayssuccessfulculinaryprofessionalsmanagerestaurants，high-endcatering，foodtrucks，andotherfood-relatedbusinesses.

3rdSession：Gainreal-worldexperiencethroughapaidinternshipsemesteratoneofCIA's2，000+foodindustrypartners.

4thSession：Discoverhowrealpublicrestaurantsareoperated—hands-on，inouraward-winning，live-actionrestaurantclassroomsthatservethousandsofcustomersannually.

Howtoapply：

Getstartedbysubmittingyourapplicationonourofficialwebsite.Choosefromtwoonlineoptions：CIAONLINEAPPorCOMMONAPP.

Next，tocompleteyourapplicationfile，wejustneedthreeadditionalitems：

▲Requestofficialtranscripts（成绩单）.

▲Submitanessaytoindicateyourgoalsinlife.

▲Askforarecommendationletterwrittenbyyourteachers.

That'sit!You'reonyourwaytoenrollingatCIA.Ifyou'vealreadysubmittedyourapplication，learnmoreabouttheessayandsupportingmaterials.Getreadyforapplicationsatleast3monthsinadvanceincaseofanyinterviewsandbackgroundchecks.ApplicationsforourprogramareduebyDecember1，2023.3.Howlongatmostcanyougetthedegree？______A.Oneyear B.Twoyears C.Threeyears D.Fouryears4.Whencanstudentsexperienceworkinginafoodfactory？______A.Atthefirstsession. B.Atthesecondsession.

C.Atthethirdsession. D.Atthefourthsession.5.Whatshouldstudentsdoiftheywanttoapplyfortheprogram？______A.Theyshouldwritearecommendationletterthemselves.

B.Theyshouldsubmitapplicationsbyemail.

C.TheyshouldstarttoapplyinDecember2023.

D.Theyshouldpreparefortheapplicationaheadofschedule.B

Ihadbeenconsideringgivingup.Forthepasteightyears，I'vemetwithprospectivefirst-yearstudentsasavolunteerinterviewerformyalmamater（母校）.ThereportsIsubmitaftertheinterviewsbecomepartoftheiradmissionsfile.ButacceptancerateofmyuniversityislowandeachtimeIseetheword"Denied"nexttooneofmyinterviewees'namesattheendofanadmissionscycle，Ifeelalittlemoreheartbroken.

Don'tgetmewrong.I'vegottentoknowloadsofinspiringkids，andahandfulofthemwereofferedaspot.Afteracycleinwhichnoneofmyintervieweeswasgreen-lighted，though，Istartedtowonder：Inexpressingmyenthusiasmformyuniversityininterviews，wasIdoingthemafavororsettingthemupfordisappointment？Wasitfairofmetoshareaninsidelookintomyuniversitywhenmostwon'thaveaccesstoit？

Then，outoftheblue，Ireceivedatextfromoneof"my"admits，Layla.Shethankedmeforgettingherintomyuniversity.Iwastouched，butImentallydismissedthevalidity（合理性）ofwhatseemedtobeamisguidedassumptionofhowtheadmissionsprocessworks.

Wemetforcoffeeafewmonthslater，andshedelightedmewithadetaileddiscussionofherclasses，herprofessors，herresearch，andherfriends.Hereyeswerebright，herexcitementvisible.Shetoldmeshehadsubmittedarequesttospend20minuteswithheradmissionsfile.Icouldn'tunderstandwhyshewantedtotakethetimetolook.Couldn'tshejustenjoyhertimeasanadmittedstudentwithoutbeingdistractedbydisturbingquestionsofwhethershebelonged？

Asitturnsout，LaylalearnedthattheadmissionsofficerwhofirstreadherfilewasonthefenceaboutherbutthendecidedtoputherapplicationthroughforanotherreadbecauseofwhatI'dwritteninmyinterviewreport.Myvoicehadmadeadifference.

Laylafoundthereliefshe'dbeenlookingfor：Whywasshehere？Didshereallymattertothisincrediblecommunity？Seeingherputherworriestoresthelpedmedothesamewithmyown.Maybesometimesweallneedtohearthatwematter.6.Whatmadetheauthorconsidergivingupthevolunteerwork？______A.Inabilitytostimulateinterviewees'enthusiasm.

B.Disappointmentwithinterviewees'abilities.

C.Failingtohelpsomeofthepromisingkids.

D.Gettingtiredofwritinginterviewreports.7.WhydidLaylarequesttoreviewheradmissionsfile？______A.Toprovetheauthor'sreportplayedarole.

B.Toconfirmshedeservedtheadmission.

C.Toclarifytheauthor'sconfusion.

D.Toeaseherworriesaboutthefuture.8.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？______A.Eachsoulneedsawitness.

B.Everycloudhasasilverlining.

C.Whatgoesaroundcomesaround.

D.Whatmattersalwaysvoicesitself.C

It'shumannaturetofeelembarrassedforsomeoneactingcringey—likeafriendslippingonawetfloor.It'sasignofempathywhichshapeshumancooperationandconnection.Whathappens，though，whenthesecondpersoninthissituationisreplacedwitharobot？

Experiencingsecondhandembarrassmentlightsupareasinthehumanbrainassociatedwithpainandtherecognitionofemotions.Similarly，socialanxietyislinkedtoheightenedempathy，butalsocomeswithareducedcapacitytoactuallyunderstandtheotherperson'semotions，knownascognitiveempathy.Andofcourse，themoresociallycloseandinvestedapersonisinanother，themoreintenselythey'llfeelthisbystanderdiscomfort.

Interestingly，newresearchfromOakridgeUniversityfoundthathumanscanhavethesamesortofsecondhandembarrassmentwhentheyseearobotdisplaysocialawkwardness.

Totestthisphenomenon，humansubjectswereimmersedinavirtualenvironmentwherebothhumanandrobotavatarswerepresent.Theresearchersthenputtheseavatarsthroughawkwardsituationslikestumblinginacrowdordancingclumsilyinpublic.

Researchersthenmeasuredtheelectricalactivityofthesweatglandsofthesubjects.Thiscorrelatestoarousalsignalslikestress，orotherstatesofhighemotion.Participantsalsofilledoutaquestionnaireabouttheiremotionalresponsestoeachvirtualsocialsituation.Thedataindicatesthathumansfeltself-embarrassmentforboththehumanandrobotavatarswhentheywereinasociallyawkwardscenario，althoughtheyperceivedthesituationasmore"real"forthehumanavatarcomparedtotherobot.

Still，theresultsshowthathumanscanempathizewithrobotsinembarrassingsituations，suggestingthathumansassumetherobotscanbeawareofbeingwitnessedandhavesomedegreeofself-consciousnessbasedonself-reflectionandself-evaluation.Butitalsomatterswhattherobotlookslike："Theappearanceoftherobotmayaffecttheempatheticembarrassmentbecausehumansempathizemorestronglywithmorehuman-lookingrobotsandlesswithmoremechanical-lookingrobotswhentheyaremistreatedbyhumans."

Despitetheinterestingfindingsinthisrecentstudy，theteamfromOakridgeUniversityacknowledgesthatalargersamplesize，aswellasrealworldhumansandrobots，wouldmaketheconclusionsmoreconvincing.

"Ourstudyprovidesvaluableinsightsintotheevolvingnatureofhuman-robotrelationships.Astechnologycontinuestointegrateintoourdailylives，understandingtheemotionalresponseswehavetowardsrobotsiscrucial，"LisaGreen，theleadresearcherontheproject，saidinapressrelease."Thisresearchopensupnewavenuesforexploringtheboundariesofhumanempathyandthepotentialchallengesandbenefitsofhuman-robotinteractions."9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"cringey"inParagraph1probablymean？______A.Embarrassing B.Entertaining C.Confident D.Hurtful10.WhatdoestheauthormainlydoinParagraph2？______A.Introduceanapproach. B.Explainacoreconcept.

C.Offeratheoreticalbasis. D.Presentpreviousfindings.11.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy？______A.Robots'appearancedeterminesempatheticembarrassmentlevel.

B.Humansthinkawkwardrobotsmayhaveself-consciousness.

C.Statesofemotionholdbackelectricalactivitiesinthebrain.

D.Awkwardrobotsstimulatestrongerempathythanhumans.12.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage？______A.Socialanxietyplaysakeyroleinhuman-robotinteraction.

B.Technologicaldevelopmentisreshapingemotionalboundaries.

C.Robots'human-likefeaturesshapepeople'semotionalresponses.

D.Humansmayextendempathytorobotsincertainsocialsituations.D

CrucialsystemsacrosstheworldcollapsedonFriday，triggeredbyonemistakeinasinglecompany.ThepowercutofCrowdStrike，agiantinthecybersecurityindustry，hitbanks，airlines，andhealth-caresystems.Itmayendupbeingtheworstinformationtechnologydisasterinhistory.

Thiswasnot，however，anunforeseeablefreakaccident，norwillitbethelastofitskind.Instead，thedevastationwastheinevitableoutcomeofmodernsocialsystemsthathavebeendesignedforhyperconnectedoptimization（优化），notdecentralizedresilience.

Thereisoftenatrade-offbetweenmaximumoptimizationandresilience.Considerabasicprehistoricalsocialsysteminwhichmanyhumanslivedinsmall，isolatedbands.Whatanysinglepersondidwouldhavelittletonoeffectonthoselivingelsewhere.Itwasaninefficient，basicsystem—butifonepartofthehumansystemfailed，fewotherswereaffected.

Throughoutouradvancementasaspecies，frombuildingempirestobuildingmachines，socialsystemshaveevolvedtobemoreconnectedandcentralized.Inthe21stcentury，thecombinationofglobalizationanddigitizationhascreatedalandscapecharacterizedbythethreatofcatastrophic，immediaterisk.Globalizationenableslargeefficiencygains，whereaproductcanbeputtogetherfromcarefullymanagedlinksintheglobalsupplychain.Butthosesystemslackresilience.Everylinkmustfittogetherperfectly；thesystemfallsapartifevenonechainbreaks.

Centuriesago，thephilosopherDavidHumewrotethatwecanneverbecertainthatthepatternsofthepastwillremainthepatternsofthefuture.Thisisespeciallytrueinthe21stcenturyaswearebettingmoreandmoreofourworldonunstablesystems.Canwereallytrustourspeciestoflawlesslygovernunimaginablycomplexsystems—systemswedon'talwaysfullyunderstand—thatcanbebroughtdownbyasinglescrew-up？

Modernsocietieshavediscountedthecostofthatriskbecauseourcurrentrewardsystemsfavoroptimizationoverresilience.CEOstrytodelivershort-termimprovements，notlong-termplanning.Nobodygetsreelectedbyinvestinginarainy-dayfund.Businessleadersarehiredorfiredbasedonquarterlyresults.

Eventhoughthemodernquestforoptimizationhastoooftenmaderesilienceanafterthought，itisnotinevitablethatwecontinuedowntheriskypathwe'reon.Andmakingoursystemsmoreresilientdoesn'trequiregoingbacktoadisconnected，primitiveworld，either.Instead，ourcomplex，interconnectedsocietiessimplydemandthatwecompromiseabitofefficiencyinordertoallowalittleextracushion（缓冲）.

Ifsocialsystemsrelyonamorediversedigitalarrayofcompanies，thesocietieswillbelessvulnerable（脆弱的）.Forthebroadersetofrisksfacingglobalsociety，betterregulationisessentialtoensurefail-safes，backups，andstresstesting—sothatoneerrordoesn'tbringdownentiresystems.TheCrowdStrikebreakdownisaclearwarmingthatthemodernworldisfragilebydesign.Sofar，wehavedecidedtomakeourselvesvulnerable.Thatmeanswecandecidedifferentlytoo.13.TheauthormentionstheCrowdStrikemainlyto______.A.highlightitscrucialroleincybersecurity

B.introduceaninformationtechnologycollapse

C.explainwhypeopleareinaconnectedsystem

D.indicatepredictablefailuresofthemodernsystem14.Whatcanbeinferredaboutamoreglobalizedsystem？______A.Itleadstoahighlyadvanceddigitalizednetwork.

B.Ittendstoprioritizeadaptabilityoverproductivity.

C.Itenlargestheimpactoflocalerrorstoaglobalscale.

D.Itguaranteesimmediateeconomicrewardsforparticipants.15.Asforthefutureofsocialsystems，whichwouldtheauthoragreewith？______A.Themoredisconnectedtheyare，themoreresilienttheywillbe.

B.Someefficiencyshouldbesacrificedformoreflexibility.

C.Long-termplanningpreventsstructuralbreakdowns.

D.Historycanhelppeoplepredictfuturepatterns.16.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage？______A.Hyperconnectivity：ThePriceofPerfection

B.AWakefulWarning：TheLessonfromCrowdStrike

C.SystemCollapse：AnInevitableTechnologyDisaster

D.Resiliencevs.Optimization：ADebateforBetterSystems三、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共10分。

Ifyouhadtosavethelifeofapersonorananimal，whichwouldyouchoose？Mostadultssaytheywouldpicktheperson，butalmosthalfofyoungchildrenwouldprefertosavetheanimal，accordingtoastudyinPoland.

"Thefindingreallysurprisedus，"saysMattiWilksattheUniversityofEdinburgh，UK.（1）______Forexample，asurveyofmillionsofpeoplein233countries，mostofthemintheir20sand30s，foundtheylargelyagreedthatself-drivingcarsshouldcrashintodogsorcatsinsteadofpeopleiftheyhadtochoose.

（2）______UsingatoyrailwayandLegofigures，Wilksandhercolleaguespresented170childrenaged6to9inanurbanpartofPolandwithscenariosbasedonathoughtexperimentcalledthetrolleyproblem.ThechildrenhadtodecidewhethertodirectarunawayrailcardownoneoftwotrackssothatitcrashedintoaLegopersonoraLegoanimal—eitheradogorchimpanzee.（3）______About42percentofthechildrenwantedtosavethedogandmaketherailcarcollidewiththeperson，comparedwithjust17percentofadults.About28percentofchildrenalsoprioritisedthechimpanzeeovertheperson，comparedwith11percentofadults.

"Childrenlearnfromtheirparents，teachersandothersthatit'sreallyimportanttocareforothers，butitmaybeeasierforthemtolearnthisasablanketrulethatappliestobothhumansandanimals，"saysKarriNeldnerattheMaxPlanckInstituteforEvolutionaryAnthropologyinGermany.（4）______"However，astheygetolder，theymightpickuponculturalnarrativesthattellusit'sreallyimportanttocareforotherpeople，"saysNeldner.

（5）______WhensheaskedAustralianchildrenaged4to10toorderpicturesofpeople，animals，plantsandobjectsaccordingtohowmuchtheycaredaboutthem，the4-year-oldstendedtocaremoreaboutdogs，catsanddolphinsthanaboutclassmates，policeofficersandsickpeople，butthiswasreversedinthe10-year-olds.

Thereasonchildrenvaluedogssohighlyisprobablyduetofamiliarity，saysWilks.Herstudieshavefoundthatchildrenwhospentmoretimewithdogsweremorelikelytosaytheywouldsaveadogoveraperson.

A.Mostadultsviewhumanlifeasespeciallyprecious.

B.Herresearchsuggeststhisshiftstartsbytheageof10.

C.Surprisingly，childrenweremorelikelytosaveadogoveraperson.

D.Asaresult，theyshownostrongpreferenceforsavingeither，shesays.

E.However，growingevidencesuggestsmanyyoungchildrenfeeldifferently.

F.Theexperimentwasrepeatedwith178Polishadults（18-50）forcomparison.

G.About28percentofchildrenaged5to9saidtheywouldsaveadogoveraperson，comparedwith8percentofadults.17.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G21.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G四、完形填空：本大题共10小题，共10分。

Ileftmyhomecountrytopursueadoctor'sdegreeintheUK.IthoughtIwassupposedtofocusonlyonthe

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.So，whencolleaguesinvitedmetojointhemforacoffeechat，Itendedtokindlyreply"Maybenexttime".Ispentmydaysmostlyalone，

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inmywork.Iwantedtothrowmyselfcompletelyintoit.EventuallyIfoundIwasfightingincreasing

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tillithitabreakingpoint.Thenightswerelonganddark.Iscrolledsocialmediatopassthetime.Ieventried"talking"toChatGPT.ButIcouldn'tfeelbetter.

Itwasmytutor，Ms.Murphy，whofinallyhelpedmeseemy

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fromanewperspective.AfterItoldherhowIhadbeenfeelingtheselastmonths，she

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，"Perhapsitisnotaboutfindingsomeonetotalktoatnight.Maybeitisabouttalkingtomoreofyourcolleaguesduringtheday."

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direction.Sheallowedmetoseethatjoininginthepeoplearoundmewouldimprovemystateofmindandevenhelpme

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mywork.Ibegantochatwithfriendsmoreandrealizedwewerealldealingwithchallenges，professionallyandpersonally.Ican'tdoeverything

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.Instead，Ishouldteamwithfriendsandworktogetheroncommongoalsandchallenges.Ialsoneedtotakesometimeawayfromworktoenjoypreviously

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partsoflife.Thatishowlifeshouldbe，enrichedandcolorful.

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，asIhaveseenthebrightlightintheday.22.A.health B.work C.custom D.life23.A.settled B.stuck C.involved D.buried24.A.loneliness B.tiredness C.carelessness D.selfishness25.A.education B.situation C.intention D.emotion26.A.announced B.complained C.advised D.whispered27.A.same B.general C.new D.wrong28.A.carryout B.strugglewith C.breakdown D.rushthrough29.A.creatively B.independently C.gradually D.regularly30.A.assumed B.selected C.ignored D.judged31.A.dull B.exhausting C.dark D.quiet五、单句语法填空：本大题共3小题，共3分。32.Mikewillbecomethefirstpersoninhisfamily

（finish）thecollegeeducation.（所给词的适当形式填空）33.Anewlibrary

（build）inourschoolnowandwillopennextyear.34.Shehopedthatshe

（become）adoctoroneday.（所给词的适当形式填空）六、单词拼写-单句：本大题共5小题，共5分。35.I'llneverforgettheday

Ispentwithmycousinsinthemountains.36.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown

hegrewupasachild.37.HaveyouseenthefilmWarcraft，

leadingactorisworldfamous？（用适当的词填空）38.RecentlyIboughtanancientvase，thepriceof

wasveryreasonable.（用适当的词填空）39.Thehorseshadseriousdifficulties

theheavysnowandtheterriblecold.（用适当的词填空）七、阅读表达：本大题共1小题，共7分。40.Discovered

by

AmateursSomeastronomersspendtheirentirecareerslookingfornewdiscoveriesinspace，buta10-year-oldCanadiangirlfoundoneonherfirsttry.InJanuary，2011，KathrynGray，whooftenstudiedstars，waslookingatrecentpicturesofouterspaceandcomparingthemtopicturestakenyearsearlier.Thepictureswerejustthousandsoftinyspotsoflight，butGrayspottedastarthatlookeddifferentintherecentpictures.Coulditpossiblybeasupernova（超新星）？Usuallyasupernovaisbrighter，anditbecomesvisiblethroughatelescopeduetothebrightness.LaterGray'sdiscoverywasconfirmed，andshebecametheyoungestpersontodiscoverasupernova.

Throughouthistory，importantdiscoveriesinastronomyhavebeenmadebyamateurs.AnearlyexampleisWilliamHerschel，whodiscoveredUranusin1781.Uranushadbeenobservedbefore，butexpertastronomersthoughtitdidn'tbelongtooursolarsystem.WhenHerschelsawitwithatelescopehehaddesignedandbuilthimself，herealizedthatitwasorbitingthesun.ThismeantthatUranuswasaplanet.Andso，themapofournightskywaschangedforever.

Thenin1930，amajordiscoverywasmadebya24-year-oldman，afarmer'sson，withnocollegeeducationorformaltraininginastronomy.ClydeTombaughbuiltahomemadetelescopeusinginstructionsfromanarticleinaboy'smagazine.HeusedtodrawdetailedpicturesofthesurfacesofMarsandJupiter.HethensentthepicturestoDr.V.M.SlipherattheLowellObservatory，whowassoimpressedandofferedhimajobonhisteam.Withinayear，Tombaughdiscoveredaninthplanet，Pluto.Itwasregardedasaplanetfor76years，butscientistsdecidedin2006thatPlutodidn'tmeetallofthecriteriaforatrueplanet.Itwasthenconsideredtobeadwarfplanet.

JohnDobsonisanotherinfluentialamateurastronomerbecauseheenabledsomanyotherstotakeupastronomyasahobby.In1956，afterconstantattempts，hebuiltapowerfultelescopeoutoflow-costmaterials，suchaspapertubesusedinconstruction.WithaffordabletoolslikeDobson'stelescope，moreamateurstodayhavethetechnologythatisneededtomakediscoveriesoftheirown.(1)WhendidKathrynGraydiscoverthesupernova？______(2)WhatdidClydeTombaughdobeforesendinghispicturestoDr.V.M.Slipher？______(3)Whichamateurastronomerimpressedyoumost？Giveyourreasons.（Inabout40words）______八、阅读填空：本大题共3小题，共8分。41.

ThenewsofScott'sdeathshockedtheworld.EvenAmundsenwasmovedbyScott'sdeathsaying"CaptainScottleftarecord，forhonesty，forsincerity，forbravery，for

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