沪教牛津版八年级下册unit3专项讲解-partB

八下U3⑵

亨迷前热身

时态结构：

般现在时：(1)be动词(2)行为动词原形、行为动词十S/CS

一般过去时：(1)be动词(2)行为动词+cd、不规则动词过去式

一般将来时:(1)begoingtodo(2)willdo

情态动词：can/may/musi+动词原形

现在进行时:be+动词ing(am/is/are)

过去进行时:be+动词ing(was/were)

现在完成时：have/has+动词的过去分词

过去完成时：had+动词的过去分词

享考点解读

主动语态与被动语态

一.概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

二.被动语态的构成：助动词bc+及物动词的过去分词

三.被动语态的时态:以为work例：

I.一般现在时：am/is/are+worked

2.一般过去时：was/were+worked

3.一般将来时：shall/will+be+worked

4.情态动词(can/may/must/shouldetc.)+be+动词的过去分词

5.现在进行时：am/iszarc+bcing+worked

6.过去进行时：was/\vere+being+worked

7.现在完成时：have/has+been+worked

8.过去完成时：had+bccn+worked

四.用法：

当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调

动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。

五.方法：

ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动语态)

Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(被动语态)

六.注意以下问题：

A.带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直

接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for

用to的常见词有：give,show,send,lend,pass,pay,teach,throw,take,bringetc.

用for的常见i司有：make,choose,sing,play,draw,save,buy,get,leave,cooketc.

eg.

1.Marygavehimsomebooks.

HewasgivensomebooksbyMary.

SomebooksweregiventohimbyMary.

2.Herfatherboughtheranewbike.

Shewasboughtanewbikebyherfather.

Anewbikewasboughtforherbyherfather.

B.带复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语,

宾语补足语不可变为主语。

eg.1.WecallhimGina.

HeiscalledGina(byus).

2.Theymademehappy.

Iwasmadehappy(bythem).

3.Heaskedmetocomehere.

Iwasaskediocomehere(byhim)

C.在notice,see,let,make,hear,watchetc.动词之后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to,但

在变为被动语态时，则一定要加上t。。

eg.

1.Wesaw(hemplayfootballjustnow.

Theywereseentoplayfootballjustnow.

2.WeoftenhearhersinginEnglish.

SheisoftenheardiosinginEnglish.

D.在某些“不及物动词+介词/副词”(相当于及物物动词)的句子中，变被动语态时，注意不要丢

掉介词/副词,eg.

1.Peopleoftentalkaboulihalfilm.

Thatfilmisoftentalkedaboul.

2.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpeoplepolitely.

Theoldpeopleshouldbespokentopolitely.

E.主动形式表示被动意义的词:

1)某些感官动词:

look,smell,taste,feel,wear,sound,etc.

2)某些及物动词+副词:

wash,write,sell,read,open,cut,shut,keep,

etc.

1.Thiscoatfeelssoft.

2.Thepenwritessmoothly.

3.Thatbooksellswell.

4.Thiskindofshirtwasheseasily.

F.只有及物动词(vt.)才有被动语态，不及物动词(vi.)没有被动语态，因为它不带宾语。

eg.happen

Whatwashappened?x

Whathashappened?、Whatishappening?V

年典例精析

【★★】

)1.TheOlympicGameseveryfouryears.

A.areheldB.wereheldC.areholdingD.willhold

)2.We.toclosethewindowsbeforeweleftthelab.

A.tellB.toldC.weretoldD.aretold

)3.anewlibraiyinourschoollastyear?

A.Is;builtB.Was;bulitC.Does;buildD.Did;build

)4.Sonicfamouspaintingsinthehallnextweek.

A.willshowB.wereshownC.isshownD.willbeshown

)5.Thiskindoffoodcool,cleananddryaccordingto(heinstruction(说明书).

A.shouldbecarriedB.mustbeputC.shouldbeplacedD.mustbekept

【★★★]

1.Thebigroomformeetings.

A.arcusingB.willuseC.canuseD.isused

2.TheGreatWallallovertheworld.Itattractslotsoftouristsfromabroadeachyear.

A.hasknownB.wasknowingC.isknownD.knows

3.Whererice?

A.does;growB.will;growC.is;growingD.is;grown

4.I'msorry.Smokinghere.

A.isallowedB.isnotallowedC.willbeallowedD.willnotallow

5.Theglass.ItbylittleTomthismorning.

A.broke;isbrokenB.isbroken;wasbroken

C.wasbroken;brokeD.hasbeenbroken;broken

6.Nearlyeverybodyherewhentheoldmuseum

A.knows;wasbuiltB.know;builtC.knows;builtD.isknown;wasbuilt

7.Iwon,tleavemyofficeuntilmywork

A.finishB.willfinishC.arcfinishedD.isfinished

T跟踪练习

【★★★]

1.Learningalanguageneedslimeandeffort.

A.returnsB.remembersC.remindsD.requires

2.TheMathsproblemwaseasy.Mostsiudcmscouldworkiiout.

A.difficultB.roughC.simpleD.serious

3.Youshouldexercisemoretokeephealthy.

A.lonelyB.fitC.weakD.happy

4.Whenareyougoingtoleave?

A.setoffB.putoffC.takeoffD.getoff

5.PleasecallmeassoonasyoureachShenzhen.

A.gobackB.runawayC.getthereD.arrivein

6.一Doyoufeelthanbefore?

—Yes.NowIkeepmyselfbyrunning5mileseveryday.

A.better;fitB.good;weakC.well;poorD.worse;healthy

7.—Whatrsyourfatherdoing?

一Heisourpetdog____thelamppost.

A.tied;toB.tied;withC.tying;toD.tying;with

8.—Whyistherealightundertheroof(屋顶)ofyourshop?

-Becausepeoplearceasilybybrightlight.

A.hang;neededB.hung;attractedC.hung;needD.hang;attract

9.一Whatwillthelifebelike100years?

—Idon'tknow.Maybelotsofnewthingstohelpus.

A.after;willinventB.in;wereinventedC.in;willbeinventedD.after;invented

【★★★★】

()1.Theflowershowattractsmanypeople.

A.make.,comeB.makes.,tobecomebigger

C.makes.,becomepopularD.makes..leave

)2.Nowmanywomenkeepfitwithdietandexercise.

A.youngB.healthyandstrongC.weakandillD.beautiful

)3.Hangthepicturesomewhereonthewall.

A.putintoB.droppedfromC.tookfromD.puton

)4.Thefloorrequireswashing.

A.makesB.sellsC.asksD.needs

)5.Hedidnotstopuntilhereachedthedoor.

A.arrivedB.returnedC.gottoD.left

)6.Howdoestheoldman___________?

Byusingcormorants.Heisaandheworkswithcormorantseveryday.

A.catchfish,policemanB.catchfish,fisherman

C.makeaface,fishermanD.makeaface,policeman

)7.Whatarethestudentsbusy?

Theyarcthecompetition.

A.doing,readyforB.doing,readywith

C.todo,ready(oD.todo,readywith

)8.Whatdoesagoodteacher,Mary?

Enoughpatienceandexperience.

A.need,fewB.need,manyC.require,manyD.require,much

)9.willwehavetowalk?

Wchavetwentymilestocovertothenearestrailwaystation.

A.Howlong,reachB.Howlong,getto

C.Howfar,reachD.Howfar,arrive

)10.beautifulpainting!

Yes,ItbyLucylastyea匚

A.What,paintedB.How,ispainted

C.Whata,waspaintedD.How,painted

语法填空【★★★】

Mr.Blackwasoverfiftyyears.HesometimesmadesomeI(mistake)inhis

work,andhelosthiswork.Sohe_2(have)lotsoffree(imetodosomething.Thenhe

oftenmethisoldfriendsunderabigtree.Theretheytalked_3anythingtheyliked.

Oneday,someoldmen_4(sit)togetheragainandtalkingaboutyoungpeoplein

thisworld.Theyallagreedthattheoldpeoplewere_5(clever)thanyoungpeople.Then

oneoftheoldmensaiddialyoung_6(man)werestrongerthanoldmen.Allof(hem

agreedthatthiswastrue,butMr.Blackdidn't.Hesaid,44No,nowIamasstrong_7when

Iwas_8youngman."Hisfriendwere_9(surprise)atwhathesaid.

“Well,“saidMr.Black“Nearmyhouse,thereisabigstone.WhenIwasyoung,Itried

_10(move)it,butIcouldn'tbecauseIwasnotstrongenough.Iamanoldmannow.

Andthestonecan,t___11(move)byme.So1amasstrongaswhenIwasyoung.

语法填空【★★★】

Alongtimeago,akingputabigstoneinthemiddleofaroadway,andthenhehidhimselftowatch,

becausehewantedtoknowIwouldmove:hebigstoneoftheroadway.Someofthe

richestpeoplecamebyandsimplywalkedaround_2.Manyofthemloudlyblamed(谴

责)(hekingfornotkeepingtheroadclean,_3noonedidanythingtogetthestoneout

oftheway.

Then_4farmercamealongwithaheavybagofvegetables._5

hewaswalkingclosetothestone,he6(put)downhisheavybagandtriedtomovethe

stonetothesideoftheroad.Aftermuch7(push),hewassuccessfulin

_8(move)itaway.Afterthefarmer_9(pick)uphisbagof

vegetables,henoticedapurselyingontheroad_10thestonehadbeen.Thepurse

_11(include)manygoldcoinsandanote_12.thekingsayingthatthe

goldwasforthepersonwhomovedthestoneawayfromtheroadway.

相关题库

中考真题一

1.Theroadlastyear.

A.buildsB.builtC.wasbuiltD.isbuilt

2.LiuXiang___byhiscoachtotrainregularly.

A.adisedB.advisesC.wasadvisedD.beadvised

3.ADisneylandPark_inShanghaiPudongNewAreainthenearfuture.

A.buildsB.hasbuiltC.willbuildD.willbebuilt

4.-CanyousingthisEnglishsong?…Ofcourse,!can.It_manytimesontheradio.

A.taughtB.haslaughiC.israughiD.hasbeeniaugh(

5.The16IhAsianGamesinGuangzhouinNovember,2010.

A.holdsB.willholdC.washeldD.willbeheld

6.Noconclusion_beforewecompletethislest.

A.ismadeB.willbemadeC.hasmade

7.Necessaryaction_sothatstudentscanbesafeatschools.

A.canbetakenB.mustbetakenC.maybetakenD.mightbetaken

8.Morethan100workers_fromtheWangjialingCoalMineinAprilthisyear.

A.issavedB.arcsavedC.wassavedD.weresaved

9.Anothernewrailwaystation_inChangshain2011.

A.wasbuiltB.buildC.willbebuilt

10.PeopleinKorea__bowwhentheymeetforthefirsttime.

A.supposedtoB.aresupposetoC.aresupposedto

11.-Doctor,itseemsthatyouliketoworkwithanimals.

-Yes,Ithinkanimalsshould_asourfriends.

A.regardB.beregardedC.beregardingD.arcregarded

12.-Whatareonshowinthemuseum?

—Somephotos,bythechildrenofYushu,Qinghai.

A.havebeentakenB.weretakenC.aretakenD.taken

13.You'dbetterputthebookshere.They,withthedictionary,backwheretheywere.

A.shouldputB.couldputC.canbeputD.mustbeput

中考真题二

I.Thesickboy_tohospitalbythepoliceyesterday.

A.istakenB.wastakenC.lakesD.took

2.Wastepapershouldn't_everywhere.Ifsourdutytokeepourcityclean.

A.bethrownB.throwC.isthrownD.arethrown

3.-Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou_(hisjob?

A.offerB.willofferC.areofferedD.willbeoffered

4.1(isreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildings_inourschoolinthenextterm.

A.willbebuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.willbuild

5.--David,turnofftheTV_nooneiswatchingit.

-Butit_offalready!Themusicisfromtheradio.

A.sothat,hasbeenturnedB.vvhen.hasturnedC.if,hasbeenturnedD.because,hasturned

6.ick_ajobinabank,buttooursurprise,hedidn'ttakeit.

A.isofferedB.offeredCwasofferedD.hasoffered

7.—It'sdifficultfbrthevillagechildrentocrosstheriverfbrschool.

-Ithinkabridge_overtheriver.

A.wasbuiltB.isbeingbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.shouldbebuilt

8.1___togettherebeforeseventomorrow,soI'llhavetogetupearly.

A.toldB.havetoldC.willtellD.wastold

9.ItisreportedthattheUndergroundLineNo.3_inourcityin2010.

A.willbuildB.hasbuil:C.willbebuiltD.hasbeenbuilt

10.Whenyouleavetheroom,makesurethedoor_.

A.waslockedB.islockedC.willbelockedD.shouldbelocked

11.—Doyoubelievetherearcaliens?-Iamafraidnot.Idon'tthinkaliens_inspace.

A.