新人教版八下英语语法总结表（U1~U8）

新人教版八年级下册英语语法总结表动词不定式是动词的非谓语形式，结构为to+动词原形(否定式：notto跟在某些及物动词后，补充说明宾语的动作。常见动词：ask,㐱例：Theyinvitedustoattendtheirparty.⚡使役动词(let,have,make)和感官动词(see,watch,hear,feel等)后不谓语动词用单数。常用it作形式主语：I跟不定式作宾语的动词：decide,expect,hope,learn,plan,pr“特殊疑问词+todo”作宾语：Idon'tknowwhattodonext.it作形式宾语：Ifinditdi作表语/定语表语：Herdreamistobe定语：放在名词/代词后。Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.q不定式用法口诀：动词不定式，to加原形；主语宾语表定补，状语目的和原因；使役感官省to记，疑问词后搭配灵。✅肯定：主语+should+动词原形x㐱例：Youshoulddrinkmorewater./㐱其他用法：表推测(Theyshouldbetherenow.)；表征询意见(ShouldI⚠注意：should表示责任时语气比must弱，但比could强。㐱例：Youcouldtrythisnewmedicine./Youcoq区分：could表建议时与can无关，只用于现在/将来；could表能力反身代词构成：第一/二人称：形容词性物主代词+self/selves；第三人称：人称➤单数：myself,yourself,himself,herself,it③作表语：Thatpoorboywasmysel㐱常用短语：enjoyoneself(玩得开心),teachoneself(自学),helponeselfto(随便吃),lookafteroneself(照顾自己),keepsth.tooneself(保密),dressoneself(自己穿衣),loseoneselfin(沉迷于).✨注意：反身代词不能单独作主语，但可以作主语的同位语。例如：Myselfwillgothere.x→Imyselfwillgothere.✅back.⚠注意：until引导的时间状语从句，如果主句是否定形式，谓语动词词。例：Speakclearlysothateveryonecanqsothat与so...that区别：前者that后是目的(有情态动词)，后者that㐱例：Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.(=Heisyoung,althoughhe✅同义词：though,eventhough(语提建议句型㐱例：Whynotjoinus?/Whataboutgoinghiking?/You'dbetterseea规则变化⑤多音节及部分双音节词前加more/most(beautiful→morebeautiful→mostbeauti㐱副词变化：fast→faster→fastest;quickly→morequickly→most不规则变化good/well→better→best;bad/badly→far→farther/further→例：Herunsmuchfasterthanme./Themoreyour最高级用法③the+序数词+最高级(第几的)⚠注意：最高级前通常加the，但形容词最高级前有物主代词时不用Ů易错点：比较级中than前后比较对象要对等。例：Herhairislongerthanme.x→thanmine.✅thewholemorning,when,㐱例：Whatwereyoudoingat8:00lastnight?基本用法-when后常跟一般过去时(短暂动作)，主句用过去进行时(动作进行中-while后常跟过去进行时(延续动作)，强调两个动作同时进行。㐱例：IwaswatchingTVwhenmymothercameback.特殊用法②与always,constantly等频度副词连用表示某种感情色彩(抱怨、赞扬等)：Hewasalwayschanging㐱注意：while引导的从句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，不能用瞬间动词(如arrive,unless条件状语㐱例：Unlessitrainstomorrow,wewillgocamping.(=Ifitdoesn'train...)Youwon'tsucceedunlessyouworkhard.(=ifyoudon'twork⚠注意：unless从句不能用否定式，因为本身已含否定。语㐱例：IwillcallyouassoonasIarrivehome.q同义表达：immediately,themoment,once等。㐱例：ItissointerestingabookthatIreadittwice.(=圆与enoughto/too...to转换：⚠so...that与such...that区别：so后跟形容词/副词；such后跟名词短语。例如：sucha㐱规则过去分词：work→worked,stop→stopped,study→studied㐱常见不规则：go→gone,do→done,see→seen,eat→eaten,write→written,read→read(常用时间词句型结构✅肯定：主语+have/has+donex例：Ihavefinishedmyhomework./Haveyoueve㐱例：Ihavealreadyfinished./Haveyoufinishedyet?/Ihaven'tfinishedq转换：肯定句有already变为否定/疑问时，already改成yet。㐱例：HaveyoueverbeentoLondon?/Ihaveneverseensuchabig⚠never本身含否定，不能与not连用。✨现在完成时强调与现在的联系，不与具体过去时间状语连用(如yesterday,lastweek)。现在完成时(2)—havebee㐱例：IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.(现在不在北京)“去了某地”，还没回来(可能在途中或已到达)。㐱例：HehasgonetoLondon.(他不在说话现场)“一直在某地”，强调状态持续，常与for/sinc㐱例：ShehasbeeninShanghaiforthreeyears.for+时间段(表示动作持续多久)；since+时间点/从句(表示动作㐱例：Ihavelivedherefortenyears./Ihavelivedheresince2015./sinceq转换：for+时间段=since+时间段+ago(fortwoyears=sincetwo延续性动词vs非延续性动词非延续性动词(die,borrow,buy,leave,join,come,go,ajoin→bein/beamemberof;come/go→bein/at;marry→bex