大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷173

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷173

一、词汇理解（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。）

Adultswhohadbeenfedplentyoffruitwhentheywerechildrenarelesslikelytosuffer

fromcertaintypesofcancerBritishscientistssaidonWednesday.Amedicalstudyof

[Cl]4,000menandwomenshowedthatthemorefruitstheadultshadeaten

whentheywere[C2]thelesslikelytheyweretosufferfromlung,boweland

breastcancer."Thisstudyshowsthatchildhoodfruitconsumptionmayhavealongtsnn

[C3]effectoncancerriskinadukliood,"Dr.MariaMaynardoftheMedical

ResearchCouncilinLondonsaid.Alloftheadultsinthestudyhadfilledinafood

[C4]duringthe1930sforaresearchstudylookingintotheeatinghabitsof

familiesin[C5]andurbanareasofEnglandandScotland.Maynardandher

colleaguesstudiedthemedicalrecordsofthegroupuptoJuly2000,bywhichtime483

casesofcancerhadbeen[C6].Inadditiontofewercasesofcancer,ahigh

consumptionoffruitwas[C7]withalowerdeathratefromallcauses.Fruitsare

loadedwithantioxidants,vitaminsandothernutrients,whichcanhelptopreventgenetic

[C8]thatcanleadtothedevelopmentofcancer.Thescientistsalsostudiedthe

[C9]ofvitaminsC,Eandbetacaroteneoncancerbuttheydidnotfindany

[CIO]thatindividualantioxidantswereasprotectiveasfruit.A.impactB.

efficiencyC.associatedD.insertE.protectiveF.furthermoreG.decentH.diagnosedI.

damageJ.youngK.inventoryL.ruralM.nearlyN.evidenceO.grab

1、[Cl]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：本句of后面已出现名词结构menandwomen,所以此处应为副词，

修饰4000这个数字，因此答案为nearly。

2、[C2]

标准答案：J

知识点解析：此处可为名词、形容词或动词现在分词，作were的表语。根据第1

段所提到的whentheywerechildren,可知该词与children语义相关，词库中最合适

的只有youngo

3、[C31

标准答案：E

知识点解析：此处应为形容词，修饰名词effecl。该句是对上一句的补充说明，表

明年轻时多吃水果对健康有长期好的作用，因此该形容词应表示积极意义，只有

protective适合。

4、[C4]

标准答案：K

知识点解析：此处应为名词。根据动词词组fillin（填写），可以推断该词指表格之

类，因此答案是inventory。foodinvenlory意为“食物清单

5、[C5]

标准答案：L

知识点解析：此处应为形容词，与urban并列修饰areas一词，而且在语义上与

urban相反，因此答案是ruralo

6、[C6]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：此处应为动词过去分词，与hadbeen构成被动语态。根据句中的

medicalrecords及casesofcancer,可以推断该动词应为diagnosedo

7、[C7]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：此处应为动词过去分词或形容词，而且可与with搭配。上文提到大

量食用水果对健康的影响，可以推断该句表明吃水果与降低死亡率也有关，因此

associated为本题答案。beassociatedwith意为“与有关

8、[C8]

标准答案：I

知识点解析：此处应为名词。根据prevent及其后的定语从句“可导致癌症的发

展”，可知这个名词表示消极意义，词库中的名词只有daniagc合适。

9、[C9J

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此处应为名词。从also一词可知科学家除了如上文所说研究了水果

对健康的影响外，也研究了如维生素C、E等对健康的影响，因此impact一词为本

题答案。

10、[C10]

标准答案：N

知识点解析：此处应为名词。从该句but一词可以知道科学家研究了维生素C等对

健康的影响，但不能证明这些单一抗氧化剂的效果是否与水果一样好，因此此处应

为一个表示“证明、证据”的单词，即evidence。

二、长篇阅读(本题共10题，每题1・0分，共10分。)

ThingsYouCan'tSayinCanadaA)Attackingoursacredcows(thingsorpeoplethat

cannotbecriticized)mayturnyouintoonelookeddownuponbyallothers—butitcan

alsobealotoffun.Everyculturehasitsunacknowledgedtaboos-thethingsyouare

forbiddentosayordoinpolitecompany,theacceptedtruthsyouarenotallowedto

doubt.Youmightthinkthataliberal,open-mindedcountrylikeCanadawouldbefreeof

suchtaboos,butyou'dbewrong.Inspiteofourbeliefinourowncivilizedtolerance,

somethingsaresimplynotopentodebate.Ifyoutry,you'reboundtoshockthe

neighbors.B)It'sriskytoquestiondiewisdomofthetiibc.Youmightgetstoned.Onthe

otherhand,somepeoplemightwalksecretlyuptoyouafterwardsandtellyouthatthey

secretlyagree.Sohere'sachallengetoafewofournation'smostwidelyheldbeliefs.

Yousaythesethingsinpublicatyourowndanger.Iwillbeelaboratingonthesepoints

overthemonthstocome.Feelfreetostonemeorsecretlyagree-or,evenbetter,addto

thelist.Attheveryleast,they'resuretostartagooddinner-partyfight.C)Margaret

Atwoodwritessomereallyawfulbooks.ThequeenofCanadianliteraturedominatesthe

literaryworldlikeagiant.Nobodyhaswonmoreawardsthanshehas,andnobodyis

morefeared.ThereisnosuchathingasabadreviewofaMargaretAtwoodbookin

CanadaThat'stoobad,becausemanyofherbooksaretediousandunreadable,fullof

unpleasantcharactersandplotfilledwithtorture.Whywillnoonesayso?Becausewe're

gratefulthatshehasputusontheglobalmap.Andbecauseiftheydo,they'llneverwork

inthiscountryagain.D)Recyclingisawasteoftimeandmoney.Onceuponatimeit

waseasytoputoutthetrash.Today,theGarbageGestaporulesourlives.Every

householdhasbecomeaminiversionofthevillagedump,andeveryoneofushas

becomeagarbagepicker,carefullyseparatingourorganicwastefromourbottlesand

papers,andworryingaboutwhereourdifferentkindsofgarbagearesupposedtogo.

Don'ttrytosortawinebottleintothewrongbag!Thetrashpolicewillpunishyou.The

truthaboutrecyclingisthatit'sagiantwasteofdollarsanddoesn'thelptheenvironment.

Butdon'ttellyourkids.Theywon'tbelieveyou.They'vebeenbrainwashed.E)Only

privateenterprisecansavepublichealthcare.TommyDouglas,theCBC'sGreatest

Canadian,broughtusuniversalhealthcare.Butevenhisplandidn'toriginallypayfor

everybody'sminordiseases,suchasingrowntoenails.Hisprimarygoalwastomakesure

nobodyfacedfinancialruiniftheygotsick.Todaywehaveasystemwherecontrolling

costsismoreimportantthantreatingpatients,andwhereideologyisdisablingus.In

someplaces,includingToronto,peoplegoblindwaitingforcataract(白内障)surgery.

Thegovernmentcouldrestoretheirsighttomorrowsimplybysendingthemtoaprivate

clinicinsteadoftoahospital.Thecosttothegovernmentwouldbeexactlythesame.But

inCanada,"private"isadirtyword,andsothegovernmentwouldratheryougoblind.

PoorTommywouldbespinninginhisgrave.F)DavidSuzukiisbadforthe

environment.Fromglobalwarmingtofarmedsalmonandgeneticallymodifiedcrops,

DavidSuzukihasjustonemessage:Theendisnear.Heisourhomegrownprophetof

doom,whocanpredictwhatwillhappeninthefuture.Headvocatestheessential

wickednessofthehumanrace.LikeamodernSavonarola,hewarnsthatunlesswecast

ourmaterialpossessionsintothebonfire,wc'rcallgoingtohell.Thetroublewiththis

predictingvisionisthatpeoplearestartingtoisolatefromtheenvironment.Andour

hugelyexpensiveinvestmentintheunworkableKyototreaty,whichMr.Suzukitellsus

doesn'tgonearlyfarenough,willwipeoutmorepracticalmeasurestocutsmogand

cleanupourwastesites.G)Anationaldaycareprogramwon'tdoathingtohelppoor

kids.Cheapnationaldaycare!Whocouldbeagainstit?Itssupposedtogivekidsabetter

startinlife,andnobodycanobjecttothat.ButinQuebec,wheretheprogramstarted,

universaldaycarehasturnedouttobenothingmorethanagiant(andextremelycostly)

subsidyforrelativelywell-offmiddle-classparents.Fewpoorparentsusethesystem.No

doubtconvenientdaycareisagiftsentbygodformanypeople.Butsofarthereisno

definitiveevidencethatkidswhogotodaycaregoontodobetterinschoolorinlife.So

ifwewanttoinvestbillionsinhelpingkids,whyarewespendingitonthekidswhoneed

helptheleast?H)GroupofSevenartistsareoverexposedgenre(类型)painters.Ilike

A.Y.Jacksonasmuchasyoudo.HispaintingsremindmeofwhenIwenttosummer

camp.IgrewupwithareproductionofTheWestWindhanginginourlivingroom.(That

wasbyTomThomson,whowasn'treallyamemberofGroupofSeven,butnevermind.)

GroupofSevenwerethefirstartiststodepictthewildCanadianlandscape,andthey

wereboldyoungrebelsintheirtime.Butthattimewas80yearsago.Todaytheirworkis

theessenceofbourgeoispicture-postcardart-thekindofartit'ssaletotakeyourmother

tosee.Enough,already.Maybeit'stimewemovedon.I)TheUnitedStatesisthe

greatestforceforevertheworldhaseverknown.Ofalltheshockingthingsyoucansay

aroundthedinnertable,thisisthemostshockingone.Afterall,America-criticizingis

partofournationalidentity.Atbest,weseeourneighborasawell-intentionedbut

arrogantandwrong-doingbully(欺负弱小者)thatthrowsitsweightaroundtoomuch.

Atworst,weseeourneighborasoneofthemostevilnationsintheworld.Andyet,right

now,hundredsofmillionsofpeopleindesperatelypoorpartsoftheworldarebeing

liberatedfrommillenniaofsufferingandserfdom.Why?BecauseoftheUnitedStates,

whichhasspreaditsideaofeconomicfreedom-anditspurchasingpower-aroundthe

world.

11、DavidSuzukibelievesthat"theendisnear1*,andheisregardedasalocalprophetof

doom.

标准答案：F

知识点解析：根据题目中的DavidSuzuki和theendisnear定位到F段。该段第2

句的onemessage里的信息同题目中他认为的内容一致，故可判断题目信息来源于

F段。

12^InQuebec,thenationaldaycaresystemisseldomusedbypoorparents.

标准答案：G

知识点解析：根据地名Quebec和nationaldaycaresystem定位到G段第5、6句。

该段第6句明确表明“很少来自贫困家庭的家长“使用这个系统，该系统指的就是全

国日托服务，故选G。

13、ThankstotheUnitedStates,desperatelypoorpartsoftheworldarebeingliberated

frommillenniaofsufferingandserfdom.

标准答案：I

知识点解析：根据题目中的liberated,millennia和serfdom等词定位到I段。该段

倒数第3句提到成千上百贫困地区的人正从千年的苦难和奴役中解放出来，最后一

句说了被解放的原因：美国。这两句结合起来就是题目意思，因此选I。

14、MargaretAtwoodhasbeenregardedasthequeenofCanadianLiterature.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据人名MargaretAtwood定位到C段。结合该段1、2句可知道the

queenofCanadianLitera:ure指的就是MargaretAtwood,由此可知MargaretAtwood

被视为加拿大文学女王，故选C。

15、CriticizingtheUnitedStatesistheCanada'snationalidentity.

标准答案：I

知识点解析：根据Criticizing,theUnitedStates定位到I段的第3句，题1=1表述跟

该句意思相同，故选1。

16、AlmosteveryoneinCanadabecomesagarbagepickerandcarefullysortsout

differentkindsofgarbage.

标准答案：D''

知识点解析：根据题目中的garbagepicker定位到D段第4句。该句中的分词结构

careftillyseparating…是对前面的everyoneofushasbecomeagarbagepicker的补充

说明，题目将其变为并列句，句义一致，故选D。

17、TheKyototreatywasaimedatsolvingpollutionproblems.

标准答案：F:

知识点解析：根据专有名词Kyototreaty定位到F段最后一句。该句虽没有明确指

出Kyototreaty是针对什么问题的，但句末的cutsmogandcleanupourwastesites

暗示kyototreaty与环境污染问题最密切相关，故选F。

18、Canadaisacountrythatisliberalandopen-minded.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据题目中的专有名词Canada和counlry定位到A段第3句。该句

中的liberal,open-mindedcountrylikeCanada表明加拿大是•个自由开放的国度，

故选Ao

19、As"private"isregardedasadirtyword,thegovernmentisn'twillingtosend

patientstoaprivateclinic.

标准答案：E

知识点解析：根据题目中的dirty,privaie定位到E段倒数第2句。结合前三句理

解，此处的wouldratheryougoblind是指不愿意将病人送到私人门诊。题H与此相

符，故选E。

20>GroupofSevenwerethefirstartiststodepictthewildCanadianlandscape.

标准答案：H

知识点解析：根据题目中的GroupofSeven定位到H段第6句。题目所述与此一

致，故选H。

三、仔细阅读（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。）

InAmericaalone,tippingisnowa$16billion-a-yearindustry.Consumersacting

rationallyoughtnottopaymorethantheyhavetoforagivenservice.Sowhydothey?

Theconventionalwisdomisthattipsbothrewardtheeffortsofgoodserviceandreduce

uncomfortablefeelingsofinequality.Thebettertheservice,thebiggerthetip.Apaper

analyzingdatafrom2,547groupsdiningat20differentrestaurantsshowsthatthe

relationshipbetweenlargertipsandbetterservicewasveryweakCustomerswhorateda

mealas"excellent"stilltippedanywherebetween8%and37%ofthemealprice.Tipping

isbetterexplainedbyculturethanbyeconomics.InAmerica,thecustomhasbecome

established;itisregardedaspartoftheacceptedcostofaservice.InaNewYork

restaurant,failingtotipatleast15%couldwellmeanabusefromthewaiter.Hairdressers

canexpecttoget15-20%,themanwhodeliversyourgroceries$2.InEurope,tippingis

lesscommon;inmanyrestaurants,freetippingisbeingreplacedbyastandardservice

charge.InmanyAsiancountries,tippinghasneverreallycaughtonatall.Howto

accountforthesenationaldifferences?Looknofurtherthanpsychology.Accordingto

MichaelLynn,theCornellpaper'sco-author,countriesinwhichpeoplearemore

outgoing,sociableorneurotic（神经质的）tendtotipmore.Tippingrelievesanxiety

aboutbeingservedbystrangers."And,"saysMr.Lynn,"inAmerica,wherepeopleare

outgoingandexpressive,tippingisaboutsocialapproval.Ifyoutipbadly,peoplethink

lessofyou.Tippingwellisachancetoshowoff."Icelanders,bycontrast,donotusually

tip—ameasureoftheirintroversion（内向）andlackofneuroses,nodoubt.Whilesuch

explanationsmaybecrude,thehardtruthseemstobethattippingdoesnotwork.Ildoes

notbenefitthecustomer.Nor,inthecaseofrestaurants,doesitactuallyencouragethe

waiter,orhelptherestaurantmanagertomonitorandassesshisstaff.Thecryofmean

tippersthatservicepeopleshould"justbepaidadecentwage"mayactuallymake

economicsense.

21、FromthepassagewecanunderstandthatAmericans.

A、arereluctanttogivetips,buttheystilldoso

B、liketogivelipsluseivicepeopletohelpdiemfinanuially

C、arewillingtogivetipsbecausetheylovethepractice

D、aregivingfewerandfewertips

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理判断题。原文第1段讲人们其实不该支付小费，但美国人每年仍

要付16billion作为小费，在第3段及第4段分析原因时指出：付小费主要是文化

而非经济原因，以及在美国这个习惯已经固定下来了。可见，美国人付小费多少有

几分不得已。

22、Wecanlearnfromthethirdparagraphthat.

A、tipsarevoluntaryinAmerica

B、tippingisrareinmanyAsiancountries

C、peopledon'ttipinEurope

D、tippingisnowpopularinIceland

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。本题考查该段最后一句中catchon的理解。通过对比说

明小费在不同的地区有不同的看法，可以推断出亚洲国家对小费持否定态度，

catchon意为“流行，风行”，由此可判断选项B为正确答案。选项A和C与第3段

中的表述不符，选项D在第4段出现，且表达的意义与第4段最后一句相反。

23、BasedonMichaelLynn'stheory,whichofthefollowingistrue?

A、Nervouspeopledonotusuallytip.

B、Americanpeopleareanxious.

C^Icelandersdon'tliketoshowoff.

D、Peoplewillignoreyouifyoutipbadly.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。本题考查强对比处。根据第4段中林恩的理论，付小费

是一种表现自己的方式，而冰岛人通常不付小费，说明他们性格内向，故推断C

为正确答案。选项A与原文意思相反，选项B毫无根据，选项D与原文有出入，

其中的ignore不等同于第4段中的thinklessof。

24、MichaelLynnismostprobably.

A、aneconomist

B、awriter

C、apsychologist

D、asociologist

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。本文第4段指出要从心理学的角度解释付小费在各国的

区别，然后引用了MichaelLynn的理论，由此可见，他最有可能是一个心理学

家，研究消费心理。本题最具干扰性的是选项A,付小费对很多人来说是一种经济

行为，但作者在第3段首句即指出付小费最好用文化而不是经济学来解释，可见本

文的重点不在于“经济”，所以MichaelLynn是经济学家的可能性就降低了。

25、Whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttherelationshipbetweenserviceandtip?

A、Biggertipsbringaboutbetterservice.

B、Goodserviceshouldberewardedwithtips.

C>Tipsareeffectiveinimprovingservice.

D、Tipscannothelppromptbetterservice.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：观点态度题。最后一段表达了作者的观点，在首句即指出付小费达不

到预期效果，因此D为正确答案。选项A和B其实是对第1段最后两句的近义替

换，但都是人们传统的观念和想法，并非作者的观点。选项C的意思明显与最后

一段首句相反。

Its10pm.Youmaynotknowwhereyourchildis,butthechipdoes.Thechipwillalso

knowifyourchildhasfallenandneedsimmediatehelp.Oncedoctorsarrive,thechip

willalsobeabletotellthemwhichdrugsarenotsuitableforlittleJohnnyorJanie.Atthe

hospital,thechipwilltelldoctorshisorhercompletemedicalhistory.Andofcourse,

whenyouarrivetopickupyourchild,settlingthehospitalbillwithyourhealthinsurance

policywillbeasimplematterofwavingyourownchip-theoneembeddedinyour

hand.Tosome,thismaysoundunbelievable.Butthetechnologyforsuchchipsisno

longerthestuffofsciencefiction.Anditmaysoonoffermanyotherbenefitsbesides

locatinglostchildrenorelderlypatients.Itcouldbeusedascreditcardsandpeoplewon't

havetocarrywalletsanymore.Ontheotherhand,somearealreadywonderingwhatthis

sortoftechnologymaydotothesenseofpersonalprivacyandliberty."Anytechnology

ofthiskindcouldresultinabuseofpersonalprivacy,"saysLeeTien,seniorstaffattorney

fortheElectronicFrontierFoundation."Ifakidcanbetracked,doyouwantotherpeople

tobeabletotrackyourkid?It'sadouble-edgedsword.''AppliedDigitalSolutions,Inc.in

PalmBeach,Florida,saysithasrecentlyappliedtotheFoodandDrugAdministrationtor

permissiontobegintestingitsdeviceinhumans.Aboutthesizeofagrainofrice,the

microchipcanbeencoded（编码）withbitsofinformationandembeddedinhumans

underalayerofskin.Whenscannedbyanearbyreader,theembeddedchipgivesthe

data.Mostembeddedchipdesignsareso-calledpassivechips,whichgiveinformation

onlywhenscannedbyanearbyreader.Butactivechips-suchastheproposedDigital

Angelofthefuture—willgiveoutinformationallthetime.Andthatmeansdesigners

willhavetodevelopsomesortofpowersourcethatcanprovide