2026届大连市高三物理高考仿真模拟QS01黑白可打印标准付费预览仿真卷B1第0308套（含参考答案、逐题解析、评分细则、压轴题讲评与学生作答空间）

2026届大连市高三物理高考仿真模拟QS01黑白可打印标准付费预览仿真卷B1第0308套（含参考答案、逐题解析、评分细则、压轴题讲评与学生作答空间）考试时间：75分钟满分：120分适用对象：大连市高三物理高考仿真模拟训练黑白可打印说明：全文采用黑色标题、黑色正文、黑色表格边框，适合A4纸双面或单面打印。试题区与参考答案区分开排版，答案与解析从独立分页开始。注意事项：1.开考前检查页码、题号和答题栏是否完整；2.选择题请把选项填入答题栏，主观题须写出必要过程、单位和结果；3.计算题可取g=10m/s²，未特别说明时空气阻力不计；4.作答空间用于限时训练，教师讲评时可在答案区核对步骤得分点；5.本卷用于高考仿真训练，不对应任何官方原卷。答题栏题号123456789101112答案一、单项选择题（本题共8小题，每小题4分，共32分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1.（4分）下列关于物理量和单位的说法正确的是（）。A.电场强度的单位可写成N/C，也可写成V/mB.动摩擦因数的单位是NC.功率的国际单位是JD.磁感应强度的单位可写成Wb/m作答：__________2.（4分）某质点沿直线运动，其速度—时间关系为：0~4s速度由0均匀增至8m/s，4~10s保持8m/s，10~14s速度均匀减小到0。该质点在0~14s内的位移和平均速度大小分别为（）。A.64m，4.57m/sB.80m，5.71m/sC.96m，6.86m/sD.112m，8.00m/s作答：__________3.（4分）质量为2.0kg的木块静止在粗糙水平面上，受到水平恒力10N作用后开始运动，木块与地面间动摩擦因数为0.30，取g=10m/s²。木块运动过程中的加速度大小为（）。A.1.0m/s²B.2.0m/s²C.3.0m/s²D.5.0m/s²作答：__________4.（4分）一辆小车以恒定速率通过半径为20m的水平圆弯道，车轮与地面的最大静摩擦力提供向心力。若路面允许的最大静摩擦因数为0.45，取g=10m/s²，则小车不发生侧滑的最大速率约为（）。A.6.0m/sB.9.5m/sC.13.4m/sD.20.0m/s作答：__________5.（4分）平行金属板间距为3.0cm，两板间电压为600V。带电量为2.0×10⁻⁶C的正电小球置于板间，板间电场可视为匀强电场。小球所受电场力大小为（）。A.4.0×10⁻⁴NB.4.0×10⁻³NC.4.0×10⁻²ND.4.0×10⁻¹N作答：__________6.（4分）面积为2.0×10⁻²m²、总电阻为2.0Ω的闭合线圈垂直放在匀强磁场中，磁感应强度在0.20s内由0.50T均匀减小到0.10T。线圈中的感应电流大小为（）。A.0.010AB.0.020AC.0.040AD.0.080A作答：__________7.（4分）某放射性核素的半衰期为8d，初始样品质量为16g。经过24d后，未衰变的样品质量为（）。A.8gB.4gC.2gD.1g作答：__________8.（4分）一束单色光从空气斜射入玻璃，下列说法正确的是（）。A.光的频率变大，波长变长B.光的频率不变，传播速度变小C.光的频率变小，传播速度变大D.光的频率和波长均不变作答：__________二、多项选择题（本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。全部选对得5分，选对但不全得3分，有错选得0分）9.（5分）物体以20m/s的水平速度从距水平地面20m高处抛出，取g=10m/s²。关于该平抛运动，下列判断正确的是（）。A.物体在空中运动时间为2.0sB.物体落地时水平位移为20mC.物体落地时竖直分速度大小为20m/sD.物体落地时速度大小为20√2m/s作答：__________10.（5分）如图景描述：光滑水平导轨相距0.50m，处在竖直向下的匀强磁场中，磁感应强度0.80T。金属棒垂直导轨向右匀速运动，回路总电阻2.0Ω，棒速率5.0m/s。下列说法正确的是（）。A.金属棒产生的感应电动势为2.0VB.回路中的感应电流为0.50AC.棒受到的安培力大小为0.40ND.外力做功的功率等于回路焦耳热功率作答：__________11.（5分）某同学用理想电表研究“电源—电阻”电路。电源电动势为6.0V、内阻为1.0Ω，外接电阻R可调。下列说法正确的是（）。A.当R=5.0Ω时，电路电流为1.0AB.外电路电压随R增大而减小C.当R=1.0Ω时，电源输出功率最大D.电源效率等于外电路电压与电动势之比作答：__________12.（5分）绕地球做匀速圆周运动的人造卫星，若轨道半径变大，地球质量视为不变。下列判断正确的是（）。A.卫星线速度变小B.卫星角速度变大C.卫星周期变大D.卫星向心加速度变大作答：__________三、实验探究题（本题共4小题，每小题8分，共32分。请按要求填写数据、表达式和结论）13.（8分）某小组用光电门测当地重力加速度。小球从静止释放，通过光电门时遮光片宽度d=1.00cm。改变释放点到光电门的竖直高度h，记录遮光时间t，部分数据如下表。完成下列问题：①写出通过光电门时速度v的计算式；②若作v²-h图线，说明图线斜率与g的关系；③结合数据估算g并说明主要误差控制方法。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________h/m0.1000.2000.300t/ms7.145.054.12v/(m·s⁻¹)v²/(m²·s⁻²)14.（8分）某同学用电压表、电流表、滑动变阻器和开关测定一节电源的电动势E和内阻r。调节滑动变阻器得到下列数据。完成下列问题：①在坐标纸上应作U-I图线还是I-U图线更便于求E和r；②由数据估算E和r；③说明电压表分流或电流表内阻对实验结果的影响方向。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I/A0.200.400.600.801.00U/V2.802.602.392.202.0015.（8分）两辆小车在水平气垫导轨上碰撞。小车1质量m₁=0.200kg，碰前速度v₁=1.20m/s；小车2质量m₂=0.300kg，碰前静止。碰后测得v₁′=0.30m/s，v₂′=0.60m/s，方向均沿小车1原运动方向。完成下列问题：①计算碰前总动量和碰后总动量；②判断动量守恒是否在误差允许范围内成立；③计算碰撞前后系统动能变化并判断碰撞类型。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________16.（8分）用伏安法测小灯泡伏安特性。小灯泡额定电压为3.8V，实验数据如下。完成下列问题：①估算灯泡额定电流、额定功率和额定电阻；②说明灯丝电阻随电压升高的变化特点；③若电流表采用外接法，说明测得电阻与真实值的大小关系。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________U/V0.51.01.52.02.53.03.8I/A0.100.160.200.230.260.280.32四、计算与综合题（本题共6小题，共36分。解答应写出必要文字说明、主要方程和单位）17.（5分）从离水平地面45m高的平台边缘，以12m/s的水平速度抛出一小球。取g=10m/s²，不计空气阻力。求：①小球在空中运动的时间；②小球落地点到平台正下方的水平距离；③小球落地瞬间速度大小。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________18.（5分）带电小球以10m/s的水平速度进入长0.20m的平行板电场区域，电场竖直向上且场强为5.0×10³N/C。小球质量1.0×10⁻⁴kg，带电量2.0×10⁻⁶C，重力影响在本题中可不计。求：①小球在电场中的运动时间；②竖直方向加速度；③离开电场时竖直位移和竖直分速度。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________19.（5分）两条平行金属导轨相距0.50m，处在磁感应强度0.80T、方向垂直导轨平面的匀强磁场中。金属棒垂直导轨以5.0m/s匀速滑动，回路总电阻2.0Ω，导轨电阻不计。求：①感应电动势；②感应电流；③保持匀速所需外力大小和外力功率。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________20.（5分）一定质量理想气体由初态p₁=1.0×10⁵Pa、V₁=2.0×10⁻³m³、T₁=300K，在压强不变条件下缓慢升温到T₂=450K。气体吸收热量350J。求：①末态体积；②气体对外做功；③气体内能增加量。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________21.（6分）质量1.0kg的滑块从光滑弧形轨道上高0.80m处由静止释放，滑到水平粗糙段，粗糙段长2.0m、动摩擦因数0.20，随后进入光滑水平段并压缩劲度系数100N/m的轻弹簧。取g=10m/s²。求：①滑块到达粗糙段前的动能；②通过粗糙段后剩余动能；③弹簧最大压缩量。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________22.（10分）压轴综合题：一带正电小球质量m=0.10kg，电荷量q=2.0×10⁻³C，套在水平绝缘直杆上，杆足够长且全程光滑。小球与轻弹簧相连，弹簧劲度系数k=50N/m，弹簧自然长度位置记为O。初始时小球位于O左侧0.20m处并由静止释放；当小球运动到O右侧区域时，同时受到水平向右的匀强电场力，电场强度E=200N/C。O左侧无电场，O右侧电场均匀。求：①小球第一次到达O时的速度大小；②小球进入电场后在O右侧能够到达的最远位置；③小球从最远位置返回并再次经过O时的速度大小，并说明能量转化过程。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________学生补充作答空间（用于计算草稿、受力分析图、单位检查和订正标记）第17—18题补充作答区_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________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