大学英语四级模拟试卷244

大学英语四级模拟试卷244

一、作文（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1、Forthispari,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionentitledE-education.

Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.电

子教育的优点2.电子教育尤其方便大学生3.电子教育在中国某些地区未能普及的

原因4.你的看法

标准答案：E-educationE-educationisbecomingincreasinglypopulartoday.With

Internettechnology,peoplecangetaneducationonprivatecomputers.Justbyclicking

themouse,usingtherightcourse-ware,peoplecaneventakeexaminationsonline.

Becauseofitsfastspeed,convenience,interactivecapabilitiesandavailability,c-

cducationhasbecomeanimportantmeansofgainingahighereducationbothathome

andabroad.E-educationisespeciallyconvenientforcollegestudents.First,withinternet

access,studentscanovercomebarriersofspaceandtime.Forexample,theycanstudyal

theircomputerterminalsanylimetheylike,andatiheirownpace.Second,theycan

searchfortheinformationtheyneedfortheirstudieseasilyontheInternetbecauseit

providesquickaccesstoawidevarietyofinformation.What'smore,theycantake

advantageoftheeducationalresourcesofotheruniversitieshomeandabroad.However,

e-educationisstillsubjecitosomelimitationsinChinanow.Manystudentscannotget

accesstotheInternetasmuchastheyneedduetoinsufficientnetworkresourcesattheir

university.Butthingsarechangingforthebetternow.AndIamsurethatwithfurther

developmentofChina'seconomy,e-educationwillsurelybecomeaverypopularmeans

ofeducationinChina.

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、快速阅读理解（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10

分。）

EnvironmentalCountdown:WhereWe'reLosingandWinningFromman-madedeserts

topowerfulacidrain,theworldispepperedwithexamplesofwhatpooreducationor

unfriendlyattitudescandototheplanetthatmustfeedandclotheusall.Untoldnumbers

ofpeopledieprematurelyasadirectresultofairandwaterpollutionworldwide,wcslcy

Marx,ajournalistspecializinginenvironmentalissues,reportshereonthepollution"hot

spots".Healsocitessomeoutstandingexamplesofrecoveryfromenvironmental

disasters,provingwecanallshareinthesolutionsaswell.GhostSeaMuynakusedtobe

athrivingportandfish-processingcenterontheAralSeainCentralAsia.Butthecityis

now30milesfrom,water,andMuynak'scanneries（罐头食品1）mustimportfishfrom

thedistantAtlantic,PacificandArcticoceans.Oncetheworld'sfourthlargestlake,the

AralSeahasshrunkby40percent,withitswaterleveldownalmost43feet.Some

10,000squaremilesofformerseabednowlieexposedasasaltydesert.TheAralisdying

becausestateeconomicplannersdivertedwaterfromitstwofeederriversinorderto

irrigatecottonfields.WhatlittlewaterreachestheAralanditsdeltasisasoupof

fertilizersandpesticides.Yetpeopledrinkthisliquidandpreparetheirfoodwithit.There

isnootherwatertouse,sincefailingground-waterlevelshavedriedupmostwellsand

springs.WindsblowsaltanddustfromthedryseabedasfarastheArcticshore,1,500

milesaway.Massivesandstormscandepositnearlyaquartertonofsandperacre.

Caustic（腐蚀性的）saltsandfarmchemicalsinthissandhaveacceleratedapublic-health

disaster.Infantmortalityishigh,andthroatcancerandstomachdisordersareendemic.

Likeanaturalairconditioner,theAraloncemoderatedtheregion'sdesertclimate.No

more.Astheseacontracts,summersbecomewarmer,winterscolder.Thegrowing

seasonhasshortenedtendays.Ironically,somecottonfarmers,forwhosebenefitthe

waterwasdiverted,havebeenforcedtoswitchtoricebecauseithasafastergrowing

season.RainThatMeltsCitiesThe6,000historichouses,monasteriesandchurchesof

Krakow,Poland,arcarchitecturalmasterpieces.Buttodaytheylookasfftheyhada

severecaseofleprosy（麻风病）.Stonesaintsarefaceless;statueshavedissolvedinto

blackrockpiles.Thereasonis:thefactoriesandcoalminesofUpperSilesiaspewouta

staggeringamountofpollution—fivetimesasmuchsulfurdioxidepersquaremile,for

example,asGermany'sindustrializedRuhrValleyproduces.Sulfurdioxidecanreact

chemicallywithmarbleandlimestone,crackinganddissolvingthestructures.Itcanalso

combinewithnitrogenoxideandwatervaportoformapowerfulacidrain,whichamong

otherthingshastensthedecayofrailroadtracks;sometrainsrunningthroughtheregion

mustslowto25milesperhour.Atleast445,000acresofforesthavediedaswell.Toxic

metalsfromfactorysmokestackshavepollutedthesoilstothepointwherevegetable

gardensinUpperSilesiacontainlevelsofcadmium,mercury,leadandzinc30to70

percenthigherthanWorldHealthOrganizationstandards.Thecontaminatedair,water

andsoilarecausingserioushealthproblems.Theratesofcancerandrespiratorydiseases

inUpperSilesiaare30to50percenthigherthanthenationalaverage.Lifeexpectancyis

shorter.Somevillageshavebeendeclaredunfitforhumanhabitation,andtheirresidents

havebeenrelocated.Despitetheirbleakness（令人沮丧的状况）,thereiseveryreasonto

believetheseandothertroublespotscanheturnedaround,forelsewhereintheworld,

dedicatedpeoplehavealreadymetthechallenge.SouthKorea:WhereMoneyGrowson

TreesBytheearly1970s,villagersinthisAsiancountrywerecuttingdowntreesforfuel

fasterthanthewoodlandscouldregrow.Evenfallenleavesandtwigs,whichbuildsoil

fertility,werebeingrakedandburned.Unabletosoakupheavyrains,thebarrenslopes

couldnotprotecttheurbanlowlandsfrommudslidesandfloods.Afteronestorm,the

HanRiveroverflowed,drowning672peopleinthecapitalofSeoulandleavinganother

326,000homeless.ThecatastropheshockedthepeopleofSouthKoreaintoactionand

promptedanambitiousten-yearplantoreplantsome2.5millionacresoferoding

forestlands.Thetaskwasdiscouraging.Smalllandownerspossessmostofthe

woodlands,butcommunalrulesallowanyvillagertocutfirewoodanywherehepleases.

Thistraditionalarrangementdeprivedthelandownersofacrucialincentivetoreplant:

theycouldnotclaimthetrees-andprofitablewood-astheirown.Togetthejobdone,

thegovernmentaskedeachvillagetoformaforestryassociation,withanelectedhead,to

replant,maintainandeventuallyharvestthesurroundingwoodlands.Thegovernment

providedseedlings,fertilizerandtechnicalassistance.Andlandownerswereguaranteed

tenpercentoftheyieldfromforestproducts.Theresponsewasamazing.Some20,000

localforestryassociationssprangup,andtheirtwomillionmembersdevotedamonth

eachspringtoplantingtrees,andreturnedeachfalltohoeupdeadlyweeds.Asaresult,

2.7millionacreswerereplantedinsixyears,wellaheadofschedule.Thegreen

countrysideisnotonlymoreproductivebutalsosafer."Thereplantedhillsidesand

watershedscanbettersoakuprainfallandresisterosion,"saysGregersen."Damaging

floodsandtheriskofkillerlandslideshavebeenreduced."Denmark:WasteNot,Want

NotOnewinterdayin1972aDanishtankertruckloadedwithphenol（苯酚）,acorrosive

acidiccompound,spunoutofcontrolandturnedover.Itspoisonouscargospreadintoa

stream,killingfishandendangeringthewalersupplyofanearbyvillage.Aftercleaning

upthespill,governmentofficialstooknewsafetymeasuresforthetransportofdangerous

substances.Whileothernationsrelyonspecialdumpsites,Denmark,asmallcountrythat

dependsongroundwaterfordrinking,tookstepstodealwiththeproblemclosertoits

source.EachcompanyinthisnorthernEuropeannationmustdisclosetothelocal

municipalitythetypes,andquantifiesofwasteitproduces.Thetownissuesapermitfor

on-sitetreatmentorrecycling,orthecompanydeliversitshazardouswastes,carefully

separatedandlabeled,tooneofthe21transferstations.Thesefacilitiestransport178,000

tonsofwastesannuallytoacentraltreatmentplant.EachDanishmunicipalityalsohasits

ownchemicals-collectionstationforhouseholdwastes.Participationisvoluntary,butby

makingdrop-offsconvenient,Denmarkreducesthetemptationforhomeownerstodump

ihei.rcleaningagents,usedmotoroilandgardenpesticidesdownthenearestdrain.

TodayDenmarkhaswhatBruceW.Piasecki,aresearchprofessoratRensselaer

PolytechnicInstituteinTroy,N.Y.,calls"oneofthemostcomprehensivehazardous-

waste-managementsystemsintheworld'1.Othernationsarebeginningtocatchuptothe

Danishinsight:thatefficiencyisservedandsafetyenhancedbydealingwithproblems

closertotheirsource.Therescueofthesesitesfromenvironmentaldisasterisalessonof

hope.Withdeterminationandenergy,wecancleanuptheworstdamages,however

awesomethetask.Andwiththeforesightthatexperienceandsciencehaveengendered,

wecanalsosafeguardourworld'senvironmentforthosewhowillenjoyitinthedecades

ahead.

2、Theauthorpresentsbothableakandanencouragingpictureoftheenvironmental

conditionsworldwide.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、TheAralendsupaseverethreattothehealthofthepeoplelivingthere.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、CottonfarmersintheupperreachesoftheAralswitchedtoricegrowinginorderto

gainhigheryields.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、ThefactoriesandcoalminesinUpperSilesiaproducedmuchmorepollutionthan

RuinValleyinGennany.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

6、TrainsrunningthroughUpperSilesiahavetoslowtheirspeedbecausethetracksare

verywetandslippery.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、InSouthKorea,peopleinlocalforestryassociationsmainlyworkedinspringand

autumn.

A、Y

B、N

C^NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、Today,thenewforestsalongtheHahRiverplayanimportantroleinregulatingthe

region'sclimate.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：C

知识点解暂无解析

9、NewsafetymeasureswereworkedoutbytheDanishgovernmentinthe1970swith

regardto.

标准答案：thetransportofdangeroussubstances

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、InDenmark,hazardouswastemustbecarefullyseparatedandlabeledbeforebeing

deliveredto.

标准答案:oneofthe21transferstations

知识点解析：暂无解析

11>IneachmunicipalityinDenmark,householdwastesaredumpedat.

标准答案:thechcmicals-collectionstation

知识点解析：暂无解析

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题1.0分，共8分。）

12、

A、Atagasstation.

B>Atabank.

C、Atahospital.

D、Ataschool.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、

A、Shewantstowintherace.

B、Sheistiredoflosing.

C、Shedoesn'twanttodisappointherfamily.

D、Hersisteriswaitingforher.

标准答案：A'

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、

A、BarrynolongerlivesinNewYork.

B、Barrydoesn'tknowhowtoeconomize.

C、ThewomancalledBarryinCalifornia.

D、Thewomandidn'tevermeetBarry.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、

A、Twohours.

B、Fourhours.

C、Sixhours.

D、Eighthours.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、

A、Arestaurant.

B、Thestation.

C、Thestadium.

D、Astar.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

A、Aplay.

B、Amovie.

C、Alecture.

D、Aconcert.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、

A、Three-quartersofanhour.

Halfanhour.

C^Aquarterofanhour.

D、Tenminutes.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

19>

A、Hefell.

Hehadafight.

C、Hewaskilled.

D、Hewaspunished.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题7.0

分，共6分。）

20、

A、Therearen'tenoughcabinets.

B、Thereistoomuchnoise.

C、Officesuppliesaretakingupspace.

D^Someteachingassistantsdon'thavedesks.

标准答案：B-

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、

A、TochatwithJacksocially.

B、Togethelpinthecourse.

C^Tohandintheirassignments.

D、lopracticegivinginterviews.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、

A、GiveJackadifferentoffice,

Complaintothedepartmenthead.

C、Movethesuppliestothestorageroom.

D、Trytogetaroomtouseformeetings.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

23、

A^Itindicatessufferingsintheirlife.

B、Itindicatesagreaterfinancialburden.

C、Itindicatessadnessofparents.

D^Itindicatesthebeginningofanewandindependentfamily.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、

ANThehusbandshouldsupportthefamilywhilethewifeshouldrunthehome.

B、Theyshouldbothsupportthefamilyfinancially.

C^Theyshoulddothehouseworktogether.

D、Theyarcindependentofeachother.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、

A、Theydifferintheirstandardsofchoosinghusbands.

B、Theycanchoosetheirhusbandsbythemselves.

C、Theyhavedifferentattitudestowardslove.

D、Theyaredifferentfromeachotherintheirsenseofresponsibility.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共8题，每题1.0

分,共8分。）

26、

ANAflighttoLosAngeles.

B、Abookwrittenbyadoctor.

C^Adiseaseonthecomebackanditsreasons.

D、Man'sefforttocontroldisease.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

27、

A、Averylongjourney,

B、Outbreakofcholera.

C、Outbreakofmalaria,

D、Anunknowndisease.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

28、

A^Adiseasecandie,butnevercomeback.

B、Choleraisadiseasethatdoesn'tcauseinfections.

C^Acomebackdiseaseisonlyrestrictedinonearea.

D、Thecomebackofadiseaseisduetoacombinationofmanyfactors.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

29、

A、Breakdownofpublichealth.

Internationaltravelandcommerce.

C^Man'seatinghabits.

D、Processingmethodsoffood.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：智尢解析

30、

A、Thekeysourceofconnections.

B、Thetimespentwithothers.

C、Thekindofsocialcontact.

D^Thedegreeofsolitude.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

31、

A、Lonelinessisariskfactor.

B、Themoretimeyouspendwithyourfamily,thebetter.

C^Peopleshouldnothavecoldrelationshipswithothers.

D、Reachingouttoothersishelpfultoourbodies.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、

A、Wearebusier.

B、Therearefewersocialactivities.

C、Morepeoplelikelivingalone.

D、Peoplearebecomingmoreisolated.

标准答案：D:

知识点解析：暂无解析

33、

A、Theyaremorepopular.

B、Theirnumberisreducingdramatically.

C^Theyarelosingparticipants.

D、Theyaredoingmoreharmtopeople.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

六、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分，共4分。）

34、

A、Theywanttohaveanup-to-dateknowledgeofEnglish.

BNTheylearnEnglishtofindwell-paidjobs.

C>Theyknowclearlywhattheywanttolearn.

D、TheywanttochangethewayEnglishistaught.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

35、

A、Intermediatelearners.

B、Collegestudents.

C、Beginners.

D、Professionals.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

36、

A、Coursesfbrlawyers.

B、Coursestordoctors.

C、Coursesfbrreporters.

D^Coursesfbrbusinessmen.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

37、

A、Threegroupsoflearners.

B、Englishlorspecificpurposes.

C、FeaturesofEnglishfordifferentpurposes.

D、TheimportanceofbusinessEnglish.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

七、听力复合式听写（本题共〃题，每题1.0分，共

“分。）

Teachinginvolvesmorethanleadership.Someoftheteacher'stimeandeffortis[Bl]

towardinstruction,sometowardevaluation.Butitistheteacherusagroupleader

whocreatesan[B2]organizationalstructureandgoodworkingenvironment

sothatinstructionandevaluationactivitiescantakeplace.Agroupthatis[B3]

disorganized,unclearaboutitsgoals,or[B4]fightingamongitsmemberswill

notbeagoodlearninggroup.Theleadershippatternincludeshelpingtoformand

maintainapositivelearningenvironmentsothatinstructionandevaluationactivitiescan

takeplace.Onthefirstdayofclass,theteacherfacesaroomfilledwith[B5].

Perhapsafewclosely[B6]groupsandfriendshipsalreadyexist.Butthereis

nosenseofgroupunity,nosetofrulesfbr[B7]inthegroup,nofeelingof

belonging.Ifteachersaresuccessfulleaders,theywillhelpstudentsdevelopasystemof

relationshipsthatencourages[B8]Standardsandrulesmustbeestablishedthat

maintainorder,ensurejustice,andprotectindividualrights,butdonotcontradict（与,..矛

盾）schoolpolicy.Whathappenswhenonestudenthurtsanother'sindividualrights?

[B9].Studentsmaybreakrulestheydidnotknowexisted.Ifstandardsareset

withoutinputfromtheclass,studentsmayspendagreatdealofcreativeenergyin

ruiningtheclassenvironment,findingwaystobreakrules.[BIO].Regular

maintenanceisnecessary.Conflictsarise.Theneedsofindividualmemberschange.A

newkindoflearningtaskrequiresaneworganizationalstructure.[Bl1].One

taskfortheteacheristorestoreapositiveenvironmentbyhelpingstudentscopewith

conflict,change,andstress.

38、[Bl]

标准答案：directed

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、[B2]

标准答案：efficient

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、[B3]

标准答案：totally

知识点解析：暂无解析

41、[B4]

标准答案：constantly

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、[B5]

标准答案：individuals

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、[B6]

标准答案：united

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、[B7]

标准答案：conduct

知识点解析：暂无解析

45、[B8]

标准答案：cooperation

知识点解析：暂无解析

46、[B9]

标准答案：Withoutclearguidelinesmutuallyagreeabletostudents,teachers,and

administration,theclassroomcanbecomechaotic.

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、[BIO]

标准答案：Nomatterhowskillfultheteacherisinunitingstudentsandestablishinga

positiveatmosphere,thetaskisnevercomplete.

知识点解析：暂无解析

48、[Bll]

标准答案：Sometimesoutsidepressuressuchasholidays,upcomingtestsorathletic

contests,orfamilytroublescausestressintheclassroom.

知识点解析：暂无解析

八、阅读(选词填空)(本题共10题，每题分，共

10分。)

DidyouknowthatcarsandlighttrucksintheUnitedStatesemitmorecarbondioxide

thananyothercountryexceptChina,Russia,andJapan?Furthermore,motor[SI]

areasignificantsourceofairpollutantsthatcausesmogandunhealthyair

conditionsinourcitiesandcounties.It'snowonderthathighly[S2]hybrid(混

合物)electricvehicles(HEVs)arcbeingchosenbygovernmentsand[S3]

aroundthecountrytoimproveairquality,reduce[S4]onimportedoil,andset

anexampleofenvironmentalstewardship(管家的职责)intheircommunities.They're

goodfortheenvironment,butarctheygoingtobemoretroublesomethan[S5]

vehicles?Theansweris,no!Thoughtheydorelyonabatteryforsomeoftheirpower,

HEVsdon'tneedtobepluggedinanddon't[S6]specialfuel.Also,sincethe

combustion(燃烧)enginereceiveslesswear,thesevehicleslastlongerandmayrequire

less[S7].WhiletheinitialpriceofHEVsissomewhathigherthan

conventionalcars,thatpremium(额外费用)is[S8]offsetbylowerfuelcosts

andhigherresalevalues-makinghybridsagoodvalueoverthelifetimeofavehicle.

"Hybridvehiclessaveconsumersmoney,[S9]asfuelpricescontinuetobe

rising,and[S10]America'senergysecuritybymakingournationless

dependentonforeignoil,"saidKathleenMcGintyfromPennsylvaniaDepartmentof

EnvironmentalProtection.A)conventionalB)vehiclesC)generallyD)efficientE)

dependenceF)especiallyG)enhanceH)businessesI)confidentialJ)requireK)retireL)

sufficientM)depressionN)maintenanceO)specially

49、[SI]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

50、[S2]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

51、[S3]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：暂无解析

52、[S4]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：暂无解析

53、[S5]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

54、[S6]

标准答案：J

知识点解析：暂无解析

55、[S7]

标准答案：N

知识点解析：暂无解析

56、[S8]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

57、[S9]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：暂无解析

58、[S10]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：暂无解析

九、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共70题，每题7.0

分，共70分。）

WhenfamiliesgatherforChristmasdinner,somewillsticktoformaltraditionsdating

backtoGrandma'sgeneration.Theirtableswillbesetwiththegooddishesandsilver,

andthedresscodewillbeSundaybest.Butinmanyotherhomes,thischina-and-silver

elegancehasgivenwaytoastoneware（粗陶）andstainlessinformality,withdresses

assuminganequallycasual-Fridaylook.Forhostsandguests,thechangemeansgreater

simplicityandcomfort.FormakersoffinechinainBritain,itspellseconomichardtimes.

LastweekRoyalDoulton,thelargestemployerinStokc-on-Trcnt,announcedthatitis

eliminating1,000jobs—one-fifthofitstotalworkforce.Thatbringstomore.than4,000

thenumberofpositionslostin18monthsinthepotter）,（陶瓷）region.Wedgwoodand

otherpotteryfactoriesmadecutsearlier.Althoughastrongpoundandweakmarketsin

Asiaplayaroleinthedownsizing,thelayoffsinStokehavetheirrootsincarthshaking

socialshifts.AspokesmanforRoyalDoultonadmittedthatthecompany"hasbeen

somewhatslowincatchingupwiththetrend"towardcasualdining.Familieseattogether

lessoften,heexplained,andmorepeopleeatalone,eitherbecausetheyaresingleorthey

eatinfrontoftelevision.Evendinnerparties,iftheyhappenatall,havegonecasual.Ina

timeoflongworkhoursanddemandingfamilyschedules,busyhostsinsist,rightly,that

it'sbettertoshareatakeoutpizzaonpaperplatesinthefamilyroomthantowaitforthe

perfectmomentora"real"dinnerparty.Toooften,theperfectmomentneverconies.Iron

afine-patternedtablecloth?Forgetit.Polishthesilver?Whohastime?Yetthelossof

formalityhasitsdownside.Thefinepointsofetiquette(礼节)thatchildrenmightonce

havelearnedatthetablebyobservationorinstructionfromparentsandgrandparents

("Chewwithyourmouthclosed.""Keepyourelbowsoffthetable.")mustbepickedup

elsewhere.Somecompaniesnowofferetiquetteseminarsforemployeeswhomaybe

competentprofessionallybutcluelesssocially.

59、Thetrendtowardcasualdininghasresultedin.

A^bankruptcyoffinechinamanufacturers

B、shrinkingofthepotteryindustry

C、restructuringoflargeenterprises

D^economicrecessioninGreatBritain

标准答案：B

知识点解析：题目问：随意就餐趋势导致(resultin)了什么。相关信息在第三段可以

找到,该段第一句提到“downsizing”,这与选项B中shrinking的意思相符。因此，

正确答案是B项。

60、Whichofthefollowingmaybethebestreasonforcasualdining?

A、Familymembersneedmoretimetorelax.

B、Busyschedulesleavepeoplenotimeforformality.

C、Peoplewanttopracticeeconomyintimesofscarcity.

D^Youngpeoplewon'tfollowtheetiquetteoftheoldergeneration.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：只有B项符合原文意思，A项和C项在原文中没有提到，D项说年

轻人不想学习老一代人的礼节，文不对题。因此，正确答案是B项。

61、ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatRoyalDoultonis.

A、aretailerofstainlesssteeltableware

B、adealerinstoneware

C、apotterychainstore

D、aproduceroffinechina

标准答案：D

知识点解析：RoyalDoulton当然是一家精致瓷器(finechina)的制造公司。C项具有

一定的迷惑性，相比之下，D项更强调高档精致瓷器的制造公司，而C项只是一

般的陶瓷商店。因此，正确答案是D项。

62、Themaincauseofthelayoffsinthepotteryindustryis.

A^theincreasedvalueofthepound

B、theeconomicrecessioninAsia

C、thechangeinpeople'swayoflife

D、thefiercecompetitionathomeandabroad

标准答案：C

知识点解析：题目问造成制瓷公司裁员的主要原因，原文第四段已经表明“the

layoffsinStokehavetheirrootsinearthshakingsocialshifts”，即根源丁•重大的社会变

革，从上下文来看，社会变革指的就是人们生活方式的变化。因此，正确答案是C

项。

63Refinedtablemanners,thoughlesspopularthanbeforeincurrentsociallife,.

A、arcstillamustoncertainoccasions

B、areboundtoreturnsoonerorlater

C^arestillbeingtaughtbyparentsathome

D、canhelpimprovepersonalrelationships

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从最后一段可以看出，一些人上培训班专门学习餐桌礼仪，因此餐桌

礼仪虽然不像以前那样流行，但有时也是必须了解的知识。只有A项符合原文意

思.因此正确答案是A项。

Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteors（陨星）butalsobecauseofrays

fromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereagainactsasourprotectiveblanketonthe

earth.Lightgetsthrough,andthisisessentialforplantstomakethefoodwhichweeat.

Heat,too,makesourenvironmentendurable.Variouskindsofrayscomethroughtheair

fromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunarcscreenedoff.As

soonasmenleavetheatmospheretheyareexposedtothisradiationbuttheirspacesuits

orthewallsoftheirspacecraft,iftheyareinside,dopreventalotofradiationdamage.

Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersinspace.Theunitofradiationis

called"rem（雷姆）Scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmore

radiationthan0.1remwithoutbeingdamaged;thefigureof60remhasbeenagreedon.

Thetroubleisthatitisextremelydifficulttobesureaboutradiationdamage---aperson

mayfeelperfectlywell,butthecellsofhisorhersexorgansmaybedamaged,andthis

willnotbediscovereduntilthebirthofdeformedchildrenorevengrandchildren.

MissionsoftheApolloflightshavehadtocrossbeltsofhighradiationand,duringthe

outwardandreturnjourneys,theApollocrewaccumulatedalargeamountofrem.Sofar,

nodangerousamountsofradiationhavebeenreported,buttheApollomissionshave

beenquiteshort.Wcsimplydonotknowyethowmenarcgoingtogetonwhenthey

spendweeksandmonthsoutsidetheprotectionoftheatmosphere,workinginaspace

laboratory.Drugsmighthelptodecreasethedamagedonebyradiation,butnotreally

effectiveoneshavebeenfoundsofar.

64^Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theatmosphereisessentialtomaninthat.

A、itprotectshimagainsttheharmfulraysfromspace

B、itprovidessufficientlightforplantgrowth

C、itsuppliestheheatnecessaryforhumansurvival

D^itscreensoffthefallingmeteors

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据第一段的“Theatmosphereagainactsasourprotectionblanketcn

earth."及“Assoonasmenleaveatmosphere,theyareexposedtothisradiation"，这

两句可以确定A项为正确答案。根据“Lightgetthrough,...Heat,too…”可以得

知light和heat并不是由atmosphere提供的，所以B项和C项可以排除。D项文中

未涉及，也可排除。

65、Wcknowfromthepassagethat.

A、exposuretoeventinyamountsofradiationisfatal

theeffectofexposuretoradiationisslowincoming

C>radiationisavoidableinspaceexploration

D、astronautsinspacesuitsneedn'tworryaboutradiationdamage

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第二段“…apersonmayfeelperfectly,andthiswillnotbe

discovereduntilthebirthofdefbnnedchildrenorevengrandchildren”可知B项正确。

66、TheharmradiationhasdonetotheApollocrewmembers.

ANisinsignificant

B、seemsoverestimated

C、isenormous

D^remainsunknown

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题问辐射对阿波罗号上的宇航员产生危害的情况。文章的第三段涉

及这一内容“Sofar,nodangerousamountsofradiationhavebeenreported...”可

知D项正确。

67、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

ANtheApollomissionwasverysuccessful

B、protectionfromspaceradiationisnoeasyjob

C、astronautswillhavedetormedchildrenorgrandchildren

D^radiationisnotathreattowell-protectedspaceexplorers

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据文章最后一句"Drugsmighthelptodecreasethedamagedoneby

radiation,butnotreallyeffectiveoneshavebeenfoundsofar.”可知答案为B项.

68、Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.

A、TheAtmosphereandOurEnvironment

B、ResearchonRadiation

C^EffectsofSpaceRadiation

D、ImportanceofProtectionAgainstRadiation

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章中涉及至IJ“大气层”、“环境”、“辐射”、“防护辐射”等问题