南京师范大学成人教育期末英语试卷

南京师范大学成人教育期末英语试卷PartIVocabularyandStructure(30points)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,weinEuropefortwoweekA.shallstayB.havestayedC.willhavestayedD.havebeenstaying2.IappreciatetoyourhomA.tobeinvitedB.tohaveinvitedC.havinginvitedD.beinginvited3.ThemanagerpromisedtokeepmeofhowourbusinesswasgoingoA.tobeinformedB.informedC.oninformingD.informing4.ThegoalshehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohiA.afterwhichB.forwhichC.withwhichD.atwhich5.Silveristhebestconductorofelectricity,copperitcloselA.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.beingfollowed6.isknowntotheworld,MarkTwainisagreatAmericanwriteA.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It7.Theresidents,hadbeendamagedbytheflood,weregivenhelpbytheRedCrosA.alltheirhomesB.allwhosehomesC.allofwhosehomesD.alloftheirhomes8.Youwillwanttwotreesabouttenfeetapart,fromtosuspendyourtenA.thereB.themC.whichD.where9.thatmyheadhadcleared,mybrainwasalsobeginningtoworkmuchbetteA.ForB.NowC.SinceD.Despite10.shefirstheardofthemanreferredtoasaspecialisA.ThatwasfromStephenB.ItwasStephenwhomC.ItwasfromStephenthatD.ItwasStephenthat11.Iftheseshoesaretoobig,asktheclerktobringyouasmallerA.suitB.setC.pairD.one12.Itishardtoimaginealargecitywithoutpolicemen,butsuchwastheinLondonintheearly18thcenturA.conditionB.affairC.environmentD.situation13.Theyareteachersanddon'trealizetostartandrunacompanA.whatittakesB.whattakesitC.whattheytakeD.whattakesthem14.Wehadn'tmetfor20years,butIrecognizedherIsawheA.forthemomentB.themomentwhenC.atthemomentwhenD.themoment15.Onhearingagreatnoise,MikelookedforwardthroughthewindowwhathappenedoutsidetherooA.toseeingB.toseeC.seeingD.tohaveseen16.Youhimsoclosely;youshouldhavekeptyourdistancA.shouldn'tfollowB.mustn'tfollowC.couldn'thavebeenfollowingD.shouldn'thavebeenfollowing17.Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunitieA.haveallowedB.allowC.allowingD.allows18.EverybodyinthehallwheretheywerewelcomedbythesecretarA.assembledB.accumulatedC.piledD.joined19.PuttinginanewwindowwillcuttingawaypartoftherooA.includeB.involveC.containD.comprise20.Livinginthewesternpartofthecountryhasitsproblems,obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleasA.withwhichB.forwhichC.ofwhichD.which21.Intheoftheprojectnotbeingasuccess,theinvestorsstandtoloseupto$30millioA.faceB.timeC.eventD.course22.ThemanagerwouldratherhisdaughterinthesameofficA.hadnotworkedB.nottoworkC.doesnotworkD.didnotwork23.,hedoesgetannoyedwithhersometimeA.AlthoughmuchhelikesherB.MuchalthoughhelikesherC.AshelikeshermuchD.Muchashelikesher24.TheBritishconstitutionisalargeextentaproductofthehistoricaleventsdescribedabovA.withinB.toC.byD.at25.IsuggestedheshouldhimselftohisnewconditionA.adaptB.adoptC.regulateD.suit26.CancellationoftheflightmanypassengerstospendthenightattheairporA.resultedB.obligedC.demandedD.recommended27.I'llneverforgetyouforthefirsttimA.tomeetB.meetingC.tohavemetD.havingtobemeeting28.ThatyoungmanstilldeniesthefirebehindthestorA.startB.tostartC.havingstartedD.tohavestarted29.inarecentsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswereawardedscholarshipstotaling$21,00A.JudgedthebestB.JudgingthebestC.TobejudgedthebestD.Havingjudgedthebest30.Withoutproperlessons,youcouldalotofbadhabitswhenplayingthepianA.keepupB.pickupC.drawupD.catchupPartIIReadingComprehension(40points)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.Passage1Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattainingrealhappiness.Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappinessthenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.Butinfact,theoppositeistrue:moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.Asaresult,manypeopleavoidtheveryattemptsthatarethesourceoftruehappiness.Theyfearthepaininevitablybroughtbysuchthingsasmarriage,raisingchildren,professionalachievement,religiouscommitment,self-improvement.Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifheishonesthewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventure,excitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight'ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon'tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.Butcoupleswhodecidenottohavechildrenneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowuporofplayingwithagrandchild.Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizations.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthosewhoarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.31.Accordingtotheauthor,abachelorresistsmarriagechieflybecauseA.heisreluctanttotakeonfamilyresponsibilitiesB.hebelievesthatlifewillbemorecheerfulifheremainssingleC.hefindsmorefunindatingthaninmarriageD.hefearsitwillputanendtoallhisfunadventureandexcitement32.Raisingchildren,intheauthor'sopinion,isA.amoraldutyB.athanklessjobC.arewardingtaskD.asourceofinevitablepain33.Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthatenvysometimesstemsfromA.hatredB.misunderstandingC.prejudiceD.ignorance34.TounderstandwhattruehappinessisonemustA.haveasmuchfunaspossibleduringone'slifetimeB.makeeveryefforttoliberateoneselffrompainC.putupwithpainunderallcircumstancesD.beabletodistinguishhappinessfromfun35.Whatistheauthortryingtotellus?A.Happinessoftengoeshandinhandwithpain.B.Onemustknowhowtoattainhappiness.C.Itisimportanttomakecommitments.D.Itispainthatleadstohappiness.Passage2Inthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopedachecklistofstressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthetrickypointthatanymajorchangecanbestressful.Negativeeventslike"seriousillnessofafamilymember"werehighonthelist,butsoweresomepositivelife-changingevents,likemarriage.WhenyoutaketheHolmes-Rahetestyoumustrememberthatthescoredoesnotreflecthowyoudealwithstress—itonlyshowshowmuchyouhavetodealwith.Andwenowknowthatthewayyouhandletheseeventsdramaticallyaffectsyourchancesofstayinghealthy.Bytheearly1970s,hundredsofsimilarstudieshadfollowedHolmesandRahe.AndmillionsofAmericanswhoworkandliveunderstressworriedoverthereports.Somehow,theresearchgotboileddowntoamemorablemessage.Women'smagazinesranheadlineslike"Stresscausesillness!"Ifyouwanttostayphysicallyandmentallyhealthy,thearticlessaid,avoidstressfulevents.Butsuchsimplisticadviceisimpossibletofollow.Evenifstressfuleventsaredangerous,many—likethedeathofalovedone—areimpossibletoavoid.Moreover,anywarningtoavoidallstressfuleventsisaprescriptionforstayingawayfromopportunitiesaswellastrouble.Sinceanychangecanbestressful,apersonwhowantedtobecompletelyfreeofstresswouldnevermarry,haveachild,takeanewjobormove.Thenotionthatallstressmakesyousickalsoignoresalotofwhatweknowaboutpeople.Itassumeswe'reallvulnerableandpassiveinthefaceofadversity.Butwhatabouthumaninitiativeandcreativity?Manycomethroughperiodsofstresswithmorephysicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.Wealsoknowthatalongtimewithoutchangeorchallengecanleadtoboredom,andphysicalandmentalstrain.36.TheresultofHolmes-Rahe'smedicalresearchtellsusA.thewayyouhandlemajoreventsmaycausestressB.whatshouldbedonetoavoidstressC.whatkindofeventwouldcausestressD.howtocopewithsuddenchangesinlife37.Thestudiesonstressintheearly1970'sledtoA.widespreadconcernoveritsharmfuleffectsB.greatpanicoverthementaldisorderitcouldcauseC.anintensiveresearchintostress-relatedillnessesD.popularavoidanceofstressfuljobs38.ThescoreoftheHolmes-RahetestshowsA.howmuchpressureyouareunderB.howpositiveeventscanchangeyourlifeC.howstressfulamajoreventcanbeD.howyoucandealwithlife-changingevents39.Whyis"suchsimplisticadvice"(Line1,Para.3)impossibletofollow?A.Noonecanstayonthesamejobforlong.B.Noprescriptioniseffectiveinrelievingstress.C.Peoplehavetogetmarriedsomeday.D.Youcouldbemissingopportunitiesaswell.40.AccordingtothepassagepeoplewhohaveexperiencedupsanddownsmaybecomeA.nervouswhenfacedwithdifficultiesB.physicallyandmentallystrainedC.morecapableofcopingwithadversityD.indifferenttowardwhathappenstothemPassage3Mostepisodesofabsent-mindedness—forgettingwhereyouleftsomethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroom—arecausedbyasimplelackofattention,saysSchacter."You'resupposedtoremembersomething,butyouhaven'tencodeditdeeply."Encoding,Schacterexplains,isaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.Failuretoencodeproperlycancreateannoyingsituations.Ifyouputyourmobilephoneinapocket,forexample,anddon'tpayattentiontowhatyoudidbecauseyou'reinvolvedinaconversation,you'llprobablyforgetthatthephoneisinthejacketnowhanginginyourwardrobe."Yourmemoryitselfisn'tfailingyou,"saysSchacter."Rather,youdidn'tgiveyourmemorysystemtheinformationitneeded."Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness."Amanwhocanrecitesportsstatisticsfrom30yearsago,"saysZelinski,"maynotremembertodropaletterinthemailbox."Womenhaveslightlybettermemoriesthanmen,possiblybecausetheypaymoreattentiontotheirenvironment,andmemoryreliesonjustthat.Visualcuescanhelppreventabsent-mindedness,saysSchacter."Butbesurethecueisclearandavailable,"hecautions.Ifyouwanttoremembertotakeamedicationwithlunch,putthepillbottleonthekitchentable—don'tleaveitinthemedicinechestandwriteyourselfanotethatyoukeepinapocket.Anothercommonepisodeofabsent-mindedness:walkingintoaroomandwonderingwhyyou'rethere.Mostlikely,youwerethinkingaboutsomethingelse."Everyonedoesthisfromtimetotime,"saysZelinski.Thebestthingtodoistoreturntowhereyouwerebeforeenteringtheroom,andyou'lllikelyremember.41.Whydoestheauthorthinkthatencodingproperlyisveryimportant?A.Ithelpsusunderstandourmemorysystembetter.B.Itenablesustorecallsomethingfromourmemory.C.Itexpandsourmemorycapacityconsiderably.D.Itslowsdowntheprocessoflosingourmemory.42.OnepossiblereasonwhywomenhavebettermemoriesthanmenisthatA.theyhaveawiderrangeofinterestsB.theyaremorereliantontheenvironmentC.theyhaveanunusualpoweroffocusingtheirattentionD.theyaremoreinterestedinwhat'shappeningaroundthem43.AnoteinthepocketcanhardlyserveasareminderbecauseA.itwilleasilygetlostB.it'snotclearenoughforyoutoreadC.it'soutofyoursightD.itmightgetmixedupwithotherthings44.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Ifwefocusourattentionononething,wemightforgetanother.B.Memorydependstoacertainextentontheenvironment.C.Repetitionhelpsimproveourmemory.D.Ifwekeepforgettingthings,we'dbetterreturntowherewewere.45.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theprocessofgradualmemoryloss.B.Thecausesofabsent-mindedness.C.Theimpactoftheenvironmentonmemory.D.Awayofencodingandrecalling.Passage4Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon't,andifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutnature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,initsway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwiththedepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetothehumanintellect.Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare,andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorantifyouaretotallyignorant;thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorance,theworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.Butwearemakingabeginning,andthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan'tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan'tthinkup,ever,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswers,ifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.46.Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscienceA.wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmentB.willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseenC.willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvanceD.willbringaboutdisturbingresults47.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsofthe18thcenturyA.thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemsofscienceB.wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearchC.knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnatureD.didmoreharmthangoodinpromotingman'sunderstandingofnature48.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofscientistsinearliertimes?A.Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthingstheydidn'tunderstand.B.Theyfalselyclaimedtoknowallaboutnature.C.Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.D.Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn'tunderstand.49.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsscience?A.Heisdepressedbecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.B.Heisdoubtfulbecauseoftheenormousdifficultiesinscientificresearch.C.Heisconfidentthoughheisawareoftheenormousdifficultiesinscientificresearch.D.Heisdelightedbecauseoftheilluminatingscientificfindings.50.TheauthorbelievesthatA.mancanfindsolutionstowhateverquestionsconcerningnaturehecanthinkupB.mancannotsolvealltheproblemshecanthinkupbecauseofthelimitsofhumanintellectC.soonerorlatermancanthinkupallthequestionsconcerningnatureandanswerthemD.questionsconcerningconsciousnessareoutsidethescopeofscientificresearchPartIIICloze(10points)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdaynurserywasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe51halfofthe19thcentury;mostof52werecharitable.BothinEuropeandintheU.S.,theday-nurserymovementreceivedgreat53duringtheFirstWorldWar,when54ofmanpowercausedtheindustrialemploymentofunprecedentednumbersofwomen.InsomeEuropeancountriesnurserieswereestablished55inmunitionsplants,underdirectgovernmentsponsorship.56thenumberofnurseriesintheU.S.alsorose57,thisrisewasaccomplishedwithoutgovernmentaidofanykind.DuringtheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,58,Federal,State,andlocalgovernmentsgraduallybegantoexerciseameasureofcontrol59thedaynurseries,chieflyby60themandbyinspectingandregulatingtheconditionswithinthenurseries.The61oftheSecondWorldWarwasquicklyfollowedbyanincreaseinthenumberofdaynurseriesinalmostallcountries,aswomenwere62calledupontoreplacemeninthefactories.Onthis63theU.S.governmentimmediatelycametothesupportofthenurseryschools,64$6,000,000inJuly,1942,foranursery-schoolprogramforthechildrenofworkingmothers.ManyStatesandlocalcommunities65thisFederalaid.Bytheendofthewar,inAugust,1945,morethan100,000childrenwerebeingcared66inday-carecentersreceivingFederal67.Soonafterward,theFederalgovernment68cutdownitsexpendituresforthispurposeandlater69them,causingasharpdropinthenumberofnurseryschoolsinoperation.However,theexpectationthatmostemployedmotherswouldleavetheir70attheendofthewarwasonlypartlyfulfilled.51.A.latterB.lateC.otherD.first52.A.thoseB.themC.whoseD.imitation53.A.impetusB.inputC.imitationD.initiative54.A.sourcesB.abundanceC.shortageD.reduction55.A.hardlyB.entirelyC.onlyD.even56.A.BecauseB.AsC.SinceD.Although57.A.unanimouslyB.sharplyC.predominantlyD.militantly58.A.thereforeB.consequentlyC.howeverD.moreover59.A.overB.inC.atD.about60.A.formulatingB.labelingC.patentingD.licensing61.A.outsetB.outbreakC.breakthroughD.breakdown62.A.againB.thusC.repeatedlyD.yet63.A.circumstanceB.occasionC.caseD.situation64.A.regulatingB.summoningC.allocatingD.transferring65.A.expandedB.facilitatedC.supplementedD.compensated66.A.byB.afterC.ofD.for67.A.pensionsB.subsidiesC.revenuesD.budgets68.A.prevalentlyB.furiouslyC.statisticallyD.drastically69.A.abolishedB.diminishedC.jeopardizedD.precluded70.A.nurseriesB.homesC.jobsD.childrenPartIVTranslation(10points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingfivesentencesintoChinese.71.TheInternethasmadeitpossibleforpeopletocommunicatewitheachothermoreconveniently,breakingthroughthebarriersoftimeandspace.72.Onlybyworkinghardandcontinuouslyimprovingourselvescanwekeepupwiththerapiddevelopmentofsociety.73.Environmentalprotectionisnotonlytheresponsibilityofthegovernmentbutalsotheobligationofeverycitizen.74.Withtheadvancementofmedicaltechnology,people'slifeexpectancyhasbeengreatlyextended,andthequalityoflifehasalsobeensignificantlyimproved.75.Readingclassicworkscannotonlyenrichourknowledgebutalsocultivateoursentimentandimproveourabilitytothinkindependently.PartVWriting(10points)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopic"TheImportanceofLifelongLearning".Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.终身学习的定义和现状2.阐述终身学习的重要性3.如何践行终身学习1.C2.D3.B4.B5.B6.C7.C8.C9.B10.C11.C12.D13.A14.D15.B16.D17.D18.A19.B20.C21.C22.D23.D24.B25.A26.B27.B28.C29.A30.B31.A32.C33.B34.D35.A36.C37.A38.A39.D40.C41.B42.D43.C44.A45.B46.B47.A48.C49.C50.A51.A52.B53.A54.C55.D56.D57.B58.C59.A60.D61.B62.A63.B64.C65.C66.D67.B68.D69.A70.C翻译参考译文71.互联网打破了时间和空间的障碍，使人们能够更便捷地相互交流。72.只有努力工作并不断提升自我，我们才能跟上社会的快速发展。73.环境保护不仅是政府的责任，也是每位公民的义务。74.随着医疗技术的进步，人们的寿命大幅延长，生活质量也显著提高。75.阅读经典作品不仅能丰富我们的知识，还能陶冶情操，提升独立思考能力。写作参考范文TheImportanceofLifelongLearningLifelonglearningreferstothecontinuousprocessofacquiringknowledge,skills,andvaluesthroughoutone'slife,ratherthanlimitinglearningtotheschoolyears.Intoday'sfast-pacedsociety,lifelonglearninghasbecomemorethanachoice—itisanecess