专题九动词的时态和语态

专题九动词的时态和语态动词的时态一、一般现在时1.用法(1)表示经常的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与之连用的时间状语

有always,usually,often,sometimes,hardlyever,never,threetimesaday,onSaturdays,everyday/week/month/year等。如:Idomyhomeworkeveryday.我每天做作业。(2)表示世界上的客观真理。如:Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声音传播得快。(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。如:IwillcallyouassoonasMr.Smitharrivestomorrow.明天史密斯先生一到,我就给你打电话。2.句子的基本构成(1)be动词肯定句:主语+be(am/is/are)+表语.如:Sheisadoctor.否定句:主语+be(am/is/are)+not+表语.如:Sheisnotadoctor.一般疑问句及回答:—Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语+表语?—Yes,主语+be(am/is/are)./No,主语+be(am/is/are)+not.如:—Issheadoctor?—Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.(2)实义动词主语句式结构例句肯定句主语+动词原形+其他.Weoftenreadbooks.否定句主语+don’t+动词原形+其他.Wedon’toftenreadbooks.一般疑问句及回答Do+主语+动词原形+其他?Yes,主语+do./No,主语+don’t.—Doyouoftenreadbooks?—Yes,we/Ido./No,we/Idon’t.肯定句主语+动词第三人称单数+其他.Heoftenreadsbooks.否定句主语+doesn’t+动词原形+其他.Hedoesn’treadbooks.一般疑问句Does+主语+动词原形+其他?Yes,主语+does./No,主语+doesn’t.—Doesheoftenreadbooks?—Yes,hedoes.

/No,hedoesn’t.二、一般过去时1.用法(1)表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示

过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,lastnight,in2018,twodaysago等。如:Iwasastudent10yearsago.十年前我是个学生。(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和often,always等表示频度的时间

状语连用。如:Healwayswenttoworkbybuslastyear.去年他总是坐公交汽车去上班。2.句子的基本构成动词句式结构例句be动词肯定句主语+was/were+表语.Theywerehappyatthepartyyesterday.否定句主语+was/were+not+表语.Theyweren’thappyatthepartyyesterday.一般疑问句及回答Was/Were+主语+表语?Yes,主语+was/were./No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.—Weretheyhappyatthepartyyesterday?—Yes,theywere./No,theyweren’t.实义动词肯定句主语+动词的过去式+其他.Heworkedinthefactorylastyear.否定句主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他.Hedidn’tworkinthefactorylastyear.一般疑问句及回答Did+主语+动词原形+其他?Yes,主语+did./No,主语+didn’t.—Didheworkinthefactorylastyear?—Yes,hedid./No,hedidn’t.三、一般将来时1.用法表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时

间状语连用,如:tomorrow,nextweek,nextyear,inthefuture,in+一段时间,in2050。如:Wearegoingtohaveatripnextweek.下周我们要去旅游。Hewillhaveanimportanttestinthreemonths.三个月后他

有一次重要的考试。注意:(1)在表示“带意愿色彩的将来时”,常用助动词will。如:Iwilltellyouallaboutit.(2)主语是第一人称I或we时,常用助动词shall。如:Weshallmeethimatthezoogate.(3)“begoingto+动词原形”也可以表示将要发生的动作或安排,或

表示计划、打算、决定要做的事。如:LilyisgoingtoworkinBeijinginthefuture.(4)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。2.句子的基本构成(1)肯定句:主语+will+动词原形+其他.否定句:主语+will+not+动词原形+其他.(willnot=won’t)一般疑问句及回答:Will+主语+动词原形+其他?Yes,主语+will./No,主语+won’t.(2)肯定句:主语+begoingto+动词原形+其他.否定句:主语+benotgoingto+动词原形+其他.一般疑问句及回答:Am/Is/Are+主语+goingto+动词原形+其他?Yes,主语+be(am/is/are)./No,主语+be(am/is/are)+not.四、现在进行时1.用法(1)表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。常用的时间状语有now,rightnow,atthemoment,atpresent等,也常与look,listen

等连用。如:Look!Sheisdancing.看!她正在跳舞。(2)表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。常用的时间

状语有thismonth,thesedays等。如:Iamreadinganovelthismonth.这个月我在读一部小说。(3)表示位置移动的动词,如:leave,go,come,fly,move等,常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。如:Mr.Brownisleavingthedayaftertomorrow.布朗先生后天将要离开。注意:以下动词通常不用于进行时态:look,feel,sound,taste,smell,see,hear,like,love,hate,belongto,own,want,hope,wish,know,agree等。2.句子的基本构成肯定句:主语+be(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词+其他.否定句:主语+be(am/is/are)+not+动词的现在分词+其他.一般疑问句及回答:Be(am/is/are)+主语+动词的现在分词+其他?Yes,主语+be(am/is/are)./No,主语+be(am/is/are)+not.五、现在完成时1.用法用法常用时间状语例句表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在产生的影响或造成的结果。already,never,ever,just,before,yet,recently,sofar,inthepast/lastyears等—Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?—Yes,Ihave.I’vejusthadit.——你吃过午饭了吗?——是的,吃了。刚吃完。表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或存在的状态。这些动词多是延续性动词。for+一段时间,since+时间点/从句WehavelearntEnglishfor3years.我们已经学习英语三年了。WehavelearntEnglishsince2018.我们从2018年开始学习英语。have/hasbeento表示“曾经去过某地”;have/hasgoneto表示“已经去了某地”(人还未回来);have/hasbeenin表示“一直在某地”/IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去过北京两次。MissLiisn’there.ShehasgonetoShanghaionbusiness.李女士不在这儿。她去上海出差了。Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreeyears.布朗先生在上海待了三年了。注意:常用的非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的互换(见本书P42)2.句子的基本构成主语句型构成例句肯定句主语+have+动词的过去分词+其他.Wehavealreadycleanedourclassroom.否定句主语+have+not+动词的过去分词+其他.Wehaven’tcleanedourclassroomyet.一般疑问句Have+主语+动词的过去分词+其他?—Haveyoucleanedyourclassroomyet?—Yes,we∕Ihave./No,we∕Ihaven’t.肯定句主语+has+动词的过去分词+其他.Tomhasalreadyfinishedthework.否定句主语+has+not+动词的过去分词+其他.Tomhasn’tfinishedtheworkyet.一般疑问句Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他?—HasTomfinishedtheworkyet?—Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.六、过去进行时1.用法表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作。这一特定的过去时

间除有上下文暗示以外,一般用时间状语来表示,如:thistimeyesterday,atthatmoment,at8o’clockyesterdaymorning等,也可以与when,while,as引导的时间状语从句连用。如:Thebabywassleepingatthatmoment.这个婴儿在那一刻正在睡觉。Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemybrotherwasreadinganewspaper.我哥哥在看报纸的时候,我正在写作业。2.句子的基本构成肯定句:主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他.否定句:主语+was/were+not+动词的现在分词+其他.一般疑问句及回答:Was/Were+主语+动词的现在分词+其他?Yes,主语+was/were./No,主语+was/were+not.

[做一做]()1.Mysister

thepianoverywell,butshehasn’thadtimetoplayrecently.

DA.willplay B.haveplayedC.played D.plays()2.YesterdayI

basketballwithmyclassmates.Wehadagoodtime.(2023广西改编)

CA.willplay B.playC.played D.plays()3.—Sally,I

thepicturealready.

B—Wow,trulybeautiful!(2023福建改编)A.finish B.havefinishedC.wasfinishing D.hadfinished()4.Whileeveryone

thecomicspage,Ipickedupacopytoseewhatwassofunny.(2023扬州)

DA.islaughingatB.laughedatC.laughsatD.waslaughingat()5.Iwillcallyouassoonashe

here.

CA.arrive B.willarriveC.arrives D.arrived()6.Wehavevisitedthistownbefore.Doyourememberthatrestaurant?We

dinnerthereonenight.

CA.have B.willhaveC.had D.wouldhave()7.Whilewe

anEnglishsong,somevisitorscametoourclass.(2023天津)

CA.sing B.willsingC.weresinging D.aresinging()8.—Jim,I’vegotaproblemwithmycar.Couldyouhelpme?C—Sorry,notrightnow.I

ashortvideo.(2023安徽)A.make B.havemadeC.ammaking D.wasmaking()9.—Thecarwillnotstart.WhatcanIdo?D—Don’tworry.TomandI

itapush.(2023武汉)

A.give B.gaveC.havegiven D.willgive()10.—Sorry,Ican’thearyouclearly.I

afootballmatch.

C—OK.I’llringyouuplater.(2023滨州)A.watch B.watchedC.amwatching D.waswatching()11.Whenmyfriendcalledmeyesterday,I

mymominthekitchen.(2023株洲改编)

CA.helped B.ishelpingC.washelping D.havehelped()12.I’vejustgottwotickets!I

toseethenewmoviewithTony.(2023江西)

CA.go B.wentC.willgo D.havegone()13.She’sbroughtyousomeeggs.Asyouknow,she

.

chickens.

AA.keeps B.willkeepC.haskept D.kept()14.—Whereisyourfather,Kate?C—Look,Mom!He

anewspaperinthegarden.(2023绥化改编)

A.reads B.readC.isreading D.wasreading()15.—Becky,we’releavinginseveralminutes.Areyouready?B—No,I

myclothesyet.(2023凉山改编)

A.havepackedB.haven’tpackedC.didn’tpackD.packed()16.—Hi,WangNing!How’stheweatherinJinannow?B—Itisterrible.It

allthemorning.

A.raining B.israiningC.rained D.willrain()17.—Whatdoesyoursisterlikedoinginherfreetime?A—She

watchingTV.

A.likes B.likedC.hasliked D.hadliked()18.—MayIseeMr.Lin,please?C—Well,I’mafraidhe’snotinatthemoment.Ithinkhe

backsoon.

A.came B.hascomeC.willbe D.was()19.—Oh,Mrs.King,yournecklacelooksnice.Isitnew?B—No,I

itfortwoyears.

A.had B.havehadC.bought D.havebought()20.—Whatdoyouthinkofmyanswertothequestion?D—Sorry.What’sthat?I

aboutsomethingelse.

A.thought B.amthinkingC.havethought D.wasthinking一、主动语态与被动语态动词的语态英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。当主语为动作的执行者时,谓语的形式为主动语态;当主语为动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态。如:Thestudentscleantheroomeveryday.(students是clean的执行者,所以用主动语态)Theroomiscleanedbythestudentseveryday.(theroom是clean的承受者,所以用被动语态)二、被动语态的构成近年来中考常考的几种被动语态。时态被动语态例句一般现在时am/is/are+动词的过去分词TheboyiscalledJack.这个男孩叫杰克。一般过去时was/were+动词的过去分词Thedoorwaslockedbytheboyjustnow.刚刚门被这个男孩锁住了。一般将来时will∕shallbe+动词的过去分词或者am∕is∕are+goingtobe+动词的过去分词Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinmyhometown.我的家乡将建一所新医院。含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+动词的过去分词Thewoodcanbeusedtomakedesks.木头可以被用来做桌子。三、主动语态和被动语态的转换主语谓语宾语主语be+动词的过去分词by+动作的执行者ThegirlreadsEnglishbooksEnglishbooksarereadbythegirl四、被动语态需要注意的几个问题1.被动语态中,用by呈现动作的执行者。如:Thebottlewasbrokenbyme.这个瓶子被我打碎了。2.不及物动词及短语没有被动语态,如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,jump等。3.使役动词make,have,let等以及感官动词see,watch,hear等后面用动词不定式作宾语补足语时,在主动语态中不定式to要省略,但在被动语态中,要有to。如:IheardPetersingintheroom.我听见彼得在房间里唱歌。Peterwasheardtosingintheroom.彼得被听见在房间里唱歌。4.感官动词look,sound,taste,smell,feel在主系表结构中用主动表被

动。如:Theideasoundsgreat.这个主意听起来不错。5.在结构beworthdoing“值得……”和needdoing“需要……”

中,doing有被动的意思。如:Themovieisworthwatching.这部电影值得观看。Theclothesneedwashing.=Theclothesneedtobewashed.

衣服需要洗了。

[做一做]()1.—HaveyouheardoftheUNChineseLanguageDay?B—Ofcourse.Chinese

bymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworldnowadays.(2023孝感)

A.spoke B.isspokenC.speaks D.wasspoken()2.—Hanfulovers

walkingdownthestreetinmanycities.

A—Well,wearinghanfuhelpstounderstandtheChineseculture.(2023新疆)A.canbefound B.canfindC.mustbefound D.mustfind()3.Tomaketheenvironmentmuchbetter,moretrees

.