大学英语四级模拟试卷937

大学英语四级模拟试卷937

一、作文（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1、Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicA

BoominAdultEducation.Youshouldwriteatleast120followingtheoutlinegiven

belowinChinese1.图中所示为某城市1990、1995、2000、2005年参加成人教育

的人数情况，请描述其变化。2.请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从社会发展及竞

争力方面加以说明）。

Att（ZF）

adulteducationparticipationandtheincreasingnumberoftheparticipantsinXcity.In

1990therewereonlytenthousandpeopletakingpariinthe

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、快速阅读理解(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共70

分。)

LearningalanguageWhenDoWeLearnaLanguage?Childrenbeginlearninglanguages

atbirth(infantspayattentiontotheirparents*voices,asopposedtorandomnoisesoreven

otherlanguages),andhaven'treallymasteredthesubtletiesbeforetheageoftenyears.

Indeed,weneverreallystoplearningourlanguage.Thisisn'texactlythesortof

bchavior(likcfoalswalkinganhourafterbirth)thatwccall"instinct"inanimals.DoWc

LearnWhenWeDon'tHaveto?Butatleastit'seffortless,isn'tit?Well,no,aswecansee

whenchildrenhaveachoiceoflanguagestolearn.What'sfoundisthat,tobefrank.

childrendon'tlearnalanguageiftheycangetawaywithnotlearningit.Manyan

immigrantfamilyintheU.S.intendstoteachtheirchildtheirnativelanguage;andforthe

firstfewyearsitgoesswimminglysomuchsothattheparentsworrythatthechildwon't

learnEnglish.Thenthechildgoestoschool,picksupEnglish,andwithinafewyean;the

worryisreversed:(hechildstillunderstandshisparents,butrespondsinEnglish.

Eventuallytheparentsmaygiveup,andthehomelanguagebecomesEnglish.People's

InfluenceAchildislikelytoendupasafluentspeakerofalanguageonlyifthereare

significantpeopleinherlifewhospeakit:anannywhoonlyspeaksSpanish,arelative

whodoesn'tspeakEnglish,etc.Onceachilddiscoversthathisparentsunderstand

Englishperfectlywell,he'slikelytogiveuponthehomelanguage,eveninthefaceof

strongdisapprovalfromtheparents.It'samyththatchildrenlearntospeakmainlyfrom

theirparents.Theydon't:theylearnmostlyfromtheirpeers.Thisismosteasilyseen

amongchildrenofimmigrants,whethertheycomefromdifferinglanguagebackgrounds

ormerelydifferentdialectareas:thechildreninvariablycometospeakthedialectoftheir

neighborhoodandschool,notthatoftheirparents/Ifoundaneatexampleofthisinmy

college'salumnimagazine:AliberalfamilyinMississippisenttheirdaughtertothe

publicschools,whichexceptforherwereallblack.ShegrewupspeakingfluentAfrican-

AmericanVernacularEnglish.)DoWcNeedGrammar?Supportersofthe"language

instinct"makemuchofthefactthatchildrenlearntospeakwithoutformalinstruction—

indeed,theynotoriouslyignoreexplicitcorrections.Verylittleofwhatwelearnis

throughformalinstruction.Childrenaren'tschooledinvideogames,either,yettheypick

themupwiththesameseemingease.Theapparenteffortlessnessislargelyanillusion

causedbypsychologicaldistance.Wejustdon'trememberhowharditwastolearn

language.(Infact,there'ssomestudiessuggestingthatmemoryistiedtolanguage,so

thatwccan'trememberthelanguagelearningprocess.)Theperceptionofeffortlessness

shouldbebalanced,anyway,bytheuniversalamusement(whichsomecartoonistshave

beenminingfornearlyhalfacentury)overchildren'slanguagemistakes.DoChildren

LearnFaster?Onemayfallbackonthepositionthatlanguagesmaybehardforchildren

tolearn,butatleasttheydoitbetterthanadults.This,however,turnsouttobe

surprisinglydifficulttoprove.Singletonexaminedhundredsofstudies,andfoundthem

resoundinglyambiguous.Quiteafewstudies,infact,findthatadultlearnersprogress

fasterthanchildren.Eveninphonetics,sometimesthelaststrongholdofthekids-lcarn-

freeposition,therearestudiesfindingthatadultsarebetteratrecognizingandproducing

foreignsounds.Now,IthinkSingletonmissesakeypointinunderstandingthis

discrepancy:thestudieshereviewscomparechildrenvs.adultswhoarelearning

languages.That'squitereasonable,andindeedit'shardtoimagineanalternative

approach;butthetwogroupsarenotreallycomparable!Allchildrenhavetolearnatleast

onelanguage;butfewadultsdo.Sothestudiescomparethesituationofallchildrenwith

thatoftheminorityofadultsmotivatedtoformallylearnotherlanguages.Why?Whydo

childrenlearnlanguageswell,whenevenadultswhowanttolearnthemhavetrouble

withthem?Innateabilitiesaside,childrenhaveanumberofpowerfuladvantages:They

candevotealmosttheirfulltimetoit.Adultsconsiderhalfanhour'sstudyadaytobs

onerous.Theirmotivationisintense.Adultsrarelyhavetospendmuchoftheirtimein

thecompanyofpeopletheyneedtotalktobutcan't;childrencangetverylittleofwhat

theywantwithoutlearninglanguage(s).Theirpeersarenastier.Embarrassmentisaprime

motivatingfactorforhumanbcings(IowethisinsighttoMarvinMinsky'sTheSocietyof

Mind,butitwasmostmemorablyexpressedbyDavidBerlinski[inBlackMischief,p.

129],whonotedthatofallemotions,fromragetodepressiontofirstlove,only

embarrassmentcanrecur,decadeslater,withitsfulloriginalintensity).Dealingwitha

Frenchwaiterisnothingcomparedwiththeviciousreceptioninstoreforachildwho

speaksfunny.Ifadultscouldbeplacedinasimilarsituation,theymightwelllearn

languagesasreadilyaschildren.Theclosestsuchsituationiscross-culturalmarriage.

Andindeed,thisworksquitewell.Mywife,forinstance,anativeSpanishspeakerwho

camehereinherlate20s,haslearnedexceptionalEnglish,sincewespeakitathome.By

contrast,someofherSpanish-speakingfriendsofthesameage,marriedtootherSpanish

speakers,speakEnglishhaltinglyandwithastrongaccent.

2、Thepassagegivesageneralexplanationaboutthebenefitsofacross-cultural

marriage.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：Thepassagegivesageneralexplanationaboutthebenefitsofacross-

culturalmarriage.这是一个主旨题，通过文章题目发现主旨应该落脚于language,

而cross-culturalmarriage与language没有必然联系，所以该题正确答案N。

3、Accordingtotheauthor,childrendon'tlearnanotherlanguageiftheydon'lhaveto.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：Accordingtotheauthor,childrendon'tlearnanotherlanguageifthey

don,thaveto.线索词汇为doirtlearn,don'thaveto,定位到次段末句，符合原

文，故正确答案Y。

4、Unlesschildrenhaveotherpeopleintheirliveswhospeakanotherlanguage,they

won'tbecomefluentspeakersinthatlanguage.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析:Unlesschildrenhaveotherpeopleintheirliveswhospeakanother

language,theywon'tbecomefluentspeakersinthatlanguage.线索词汇为other

people,anotherlanguage,定位到文章第四段首句,同义替换significantpeoplein

herlife,正确答案Y.

5、Childrendon'tlearntospeakanotherlanguagefromtheirparentsbecauseattimes,

childrendon'tgetalongwiththeirparents.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：Childrendon'tlearntospeakanotherlanguagefromtheirparentsbecause

attimes,childrendon'tgetalongwiththeirparents.线索词汇为parents,getalong

with,定位到文章第五段首句，原因在次句：同龄人的影响，故与原文抵触，正确

答案N。

6、Nearlyeverythingwelearnisthroughformalinstruction.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：Nearlyeverythingwelearnisthroughformalinstruction.线索词汇为

formalinstruction,定位后找到第七段首句，与原文相反，故正确答案N。

7、Fewstudiesfindthatadultlanguagelearnersprogressfasterthanchildren.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：Fewstudiesfindthatadultlanguagelearnersprogressfasterthan

children.线索词汇为adult,fasterthanchildren,定位后找到第九段第四句话,发

现是quileafew而不是few,考点为词义辨析，quileafew的意思是“大量、很

多”，故正确答案N。

8、Somestudiessaythatadultsarebetteratlearningphoneticsthanchildren.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：Somestudiessaythatadultsarebetterallearningphoneticsthan

children.线索词汇为phonetics,定位到文章第九段第五句话，发现符合原文，则

正确答案Y。

9、Singleton'sstudiescomparethesituationofallchildrenwiththatoftheof

adultsmotivatedtoformallylearnotherlanguages.

标准答案：iniiiurily

知识点解析:Singleton'sstudiescomparethesituationofallchildrenwiththatofthe

ofadultsmotivatedtoformallylearnotherlanguages.词汇线索为人名

Singleton,motivated,formallylearn,根据人名定位到第十段，再根据其他信息定

位到该段末句，则iE确答案为minorityo

10、Threeadvantagesthatchildrenhaveoveradultsinlanguagelearninginclude:

,,and.

标准答案：time,motivation,embarrassment

知识点解析：Threeadvantagesthatchildrenhaveoveradultsinlanguagelearning

include：,and.词汇线索为advantages,文章里仅一处列举了

儿童学习语言的优势，则答案应该是time,motivation,embarrassmento

11、Theclosestsituationtothatofachildren'senvironmentfbradultsis.

标准答案：cross-culturalmarriage

矢n识点解析：Theclosestsiiuationtothatofachildren'senvironmentfbradultsis

.词汇线索是theclosestsituation,environment,定位到文章末段次句，则正

确答案为cross-culturalmarriageo

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题1.0分，共8分。）

12、

A、Onaplane.

B、Onabus.

C、Onatrain.

D、Inataxi.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：W:Fastenyourseatbelt,please.M:OK.Ihadnoideaweweregoingto

landsosoon.Q:Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?

13、

A、Helikestogowithher.

Hehasnotime.

CNHedoesn'tfeelwelt.

D、Hedoesn'tliketheeveningparty.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：W:Wouldyougototheeveningpartywithmetonight?M:IfIdidnot

havesomuchhomework,Iwouldgowithyou.Q:Whatistrueabouttheman?

14、

A、15minutes.

B、20minutes.

C>10minutes

D、25minutes.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：W:Atwhattimewillthegamestart?MAt8o'clock,andnowmywatch

says7:45.Q:Howlongwilltheyhavetowaitbeforethegamestarts?

15、

A^Itwasquitewarm.

B、Itwasverycold.

C、Itwasmildlycold.

D、Itwasbelowzero.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：M:Wasitverycoldherelastwinter?W:Notreally.Thetemperature

neverdroppedbelowfreezing.TherewasonlyalittlesnowaroundChristmas.Q:What

didthewomansayabouttheweather?

16、

A、Shehasmistakenitfbrhisdog.

B、Hehasanicedog.

C^Theynevergoout.

D、Theyenjoystayingathome.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：W:Isthatyourdog?He'sbeendiggingupmyflowersandchasingmy

cat.M:Itismydog,butyoumustbemistaken.Wcalwayskeepitinthehouse.There

mustbeanotherdogthatlookslikehim.Q:Whatdidthemantellthewoman?

17、

A、Mowthelawn.

B、Washthecar.

C^Exerciseinthesun.

D^Noneofthese.

标准答案：D

矢fl识点解析：W:It'ssohottoday.Iwasgoingtowashthecarandmowthelawn,but

nowI'mnotsureIshould.M:Iagree.Youshouldrelaxinheatlikethis.Toomuch

exertioncouldcauseyou(ofaint.Q:Whatwillsheprobablydo?

18、

A、Shepaidbycheck.

B、Shedecidednottomakethepurchase.

C、Shepaidbycreditcard.

D^Sheleftwithoutpaying.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：W:Doyouacceptpersonalchecks?M:I'msorry,madam,butwedotake

mostmajorcreditcards.Thatoneisfine.Now,wouldyoulikethisgiftwrapped?Q:

Whatdidthewomando?

19、

A、Doctorandpatient.

B、Passengerandbusdriver.

C、Teacherandstudent.

D^Customerandmerchant.

标准答案：B

知识点解析:M:CouldyoupleasetellmeatwhichstopIshouldgetoffforthe

MetropolitanMuseum?Also,howmuchisthefare?W:Ofcourse,Yougetoffat82nd

streetandwalkoneblock.Tiltellyouwhenwegetthere.Thefareissixtycents;justput

itinthefarebox.Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthesetwopeople?

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共1题，每题1.0

分，共I分。）

20、

A、Betterland.

B、Quickwealth.

C^Modemequipment.

D、Stricterlaws.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分,共4分。）

21、

A、Thebenefitsofstrongbusinesscompetition.

B、Aproposaltolowerthecostofproduction.

C、Complaintsabouttheexpenseofmodernization.

D、SuggestionsconcerningnewbusinessStrategies.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?

22、

A、Itcostmuchmorethanitsworth.

B、Itshouldbebroughtup-to-date.

C、Itcallsfbrimmediaterepairs.

D、Itcanstillbeusedforalongtime.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheequipmentoftheirfactory?

23、

A、Thepersonnelmanagershouldbefiredfbrinefficiency.

B>Afewengineersshouldbeemployedtomodernizethefactory.

C>Theentirestaffshouldberetrained.

D^Bettereducatedemployeesshouldbepromoted.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：Whatdoesthewomansuggestaboutthehumanresources?

24、

A、TheircompetitorshavelongbeenadvertisingonTV.

TVcommercialsarelessexpensive.

C、Advertisinginnewspapersaloneisnotsufficient.

D、TVcommercialsattractmoreinvestments.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：WhydocsthewomansuggestadvertisingonTV?

六、听力短文（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题1.0

分，共6分。）

25、

A、Shewantedtobuyacar.

B、Shewantedtojokewiththebank.

C、ThebankisthecheapestplaceinNewYorktoparkhercar.

D、ShewillgotoEuropeonbusiness.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：观察本篇的所有选项，相关并重复出现的词汇有bank,car,money,

loan等，可初步判断本篇有关银行和车。本题询问女士借款的真正用意是什么。关

键要听到文章结尾”在纽约哪还有其他地方停车两周才收费15美元?”，可知选项

C（因为银行是最便宜的停车地点）正确U

26、

A、$15.00.

B、$15.40.

C、$50.00.

D、$50.14.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：题目询问女士支付了多少利息。关键是要听到“repaysthe$5,000she

loaned,and$15.40interest”（支付了5000美元和15.40美元的利息），可判断选项

B（15.4美元）正确。

27、

A、Shecanreturntheloanontime.

B、Shepossessedacostlycar.

C、Sheborrowedalotofmoney.

D^Sheisamultimillionaire.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：题目询问是什么使银行工作人员觉得困惑。关键是听到“我发现你是

个千万富翁”，可判断选项D（她是千万富翁）正确。

28、

A、Monitorstudents'sleeppatterns.

Helpstudentsconcentrateinclass.

C、Recordstudents7weeklyperformance.

D、Askstudentstocompleteasleepreport.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：Whatwereteacherstoldtodointheexperiment?文中说“在研究中，老

师们在完成每周的学生表现报告时并没有被告知学生们的睡眠数量是多少“，即表

明答案为C。注意：其余选项文章并未提及。

29、

A、Declininghealth.

B、Lackofattention.

C、Lossofmotivation.

D、Improperbehavior.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：Accordingtotheexperiment,whatproblemcaninsufficientsleepcausein

studenis?文章提到，唾眠不足会使学生学习困难（记忆旧材料、学习新知识、完成

高质量作业等都有困难）：注意力难以集中，所以答案为B。注意：A是利用原文

中otherwisehealthy构成的干扰，而C“缺乏动力”和D“不当行为”未提及。

30、

A、Theyshouldmakesumtheirchildrenarealwayspunctualforschool.

B、Theyshouldensuretheirchildrengrowupinahealthyenvironment.

C、Theyshouldhelptheirchildrenaccomplishhigh-qualitywork.

D、Theyshouldseetoitthattheirchildrenhaveadequatedeep.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：Whatmessagedidtheresearcherintendtoconveytoparents?文章结尾提

到“对于父母来说，所传达的信息很简单，即让孩子按时就寝与让孩子按时上学同

样重要”，这与选项D“他们应该确保孩子得到充足睡眠”意思相同，所以D正确。

注意：A本身说法正确，但并不是研究者所要传达的信息；而B、C均为无关信

息。

七、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共2题，每题1.0

分，共2分。）

31、

A、Helosthisfatherwhenhewasyoung.

BNHeworkedhardbeforehereadhisfather^letter.

C、Heaskedhisfather'spermissiontobelieveinhimself.

D^Heknewwhathisfatherwantedtodofromtheverybeginning.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：选项中均为讲述有关He和father的句子，表明本题可能考查He和

父亲的情况。由短文中提到的Myfather...knewhewasn'tgoingtomakeitto45.He

wrotemealetter…Iwas12…可知，说话者的父亲知道自己活不过45岁,于是给说

话者写了一封信，当时池12岁。由此可知，说话者很小的时候父亲就去世了，故

答案为［A］。

32、

A、Todescribechildren'sthinking.

B、Toanswersomequestionschildrenhave.

C、Tostresstheimportanceofcommunication.

D、Toadviseparentstoencouragetheirchildren.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：选项中均以To+do开头以及其中的answersomequestions和stressthe

importance等表明，本题可能考查短文的目的。短文通过讲述父亲给“我'’写信说他

相信“我”：“我”于是有了自信，不断取得成功，而后也写信表达对自己子女的信任

的小故事，说明父母应当对自己的孩子加以鼓励这一道理，故答案为［D］。

八、听力复合式听写（本题共〃题，每题L0分，共

〃分。）

Mostworkersspendeightorninehoursonthejob.Theyworkbecauseit's(Bl]

.Theyneedtomakeenoughmoneyfor[B2].food,rent,clothing,

transportation,tuition,andsoon.Theyspendaboutone-thirdoftheirlivesatwork,but

theyhateit.Theycomplainand[B3]theminutesuntilquittingtimeeachday-

orthedaysuntiltheirnextvacation.By[B4]therearesomepeoplewho

actuallyenjoywork-infact,theylovetowork.Theyspendmany[B5]hours

onthejobeachweekandoftentakeworkhomewiththem.Theseworkaholicsareas

[B6]totheirjobsasotherpeoplearetodrugsoralcohol.Insomeurbancenter,

workaholismissomuchcommonthatpeopledonotconsideritunusual:Theyacceptthe

lifestyleas[B7].GovernmentworkersinWashingtonD.C.,forexample,

[B8]worksixtyorseventyhoursaweek.[B9].Hundredsof

workaholicsinNewYorkCity[BIO]Therewasnoelectricity—noair

conditioning,elevators,orlights—butmanypeoplewenttotheirofficesanyway.

[Bill.

33、[Bl]

标准答案：inevitable

知识点解析：暂无解析

34、[B2]

标准答案：necessities

知识点解析：暂无解析

35、[B3]

标准答案：counl

知识点解析：暂无解析

36、[B4]

标准答案：contrast

知识点解析：暂无解析

37、[B5]

标准答案：extra

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、[B6]

标准答案：addicted

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、[B7]

标准答案：normal

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、[B8]

标准答案：frequently

知识点解析：暂无解析

41、[B9]

标准答案：Theydon'tdothisbecausetheyhaveto;theydoitbecausetheywantto

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、[BIO]

标准答案：triedtogotoworkeveninthefamousblackoutof1977

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、[Bll]

标准答案：Theysatimpatientlyonthestepsoutsidetheirofficebuildingsanddidtheir

paperworkorhadbusinessmeetings

知识点解析：暂无解析

九、阅读（选词填空）（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共

10分。）

Formanyyears,womeninthemilitaryservedmostlyasnurses.Today,theydomany

otherkindsofworkaswell.Womenhavereachedsomeofthehighestpositionsinthe

military.Buttheyarestillbarredfromtakingpartingroundcombat.Yetmorethanforty

womenhavebeenkilledinthewarinIraq.Hundredsofothershavebeen[SI].

ThewarbeganinMarchof2003.Two[S2]publishedbookstelltwodifferent

storiesofwomenwhoservedinIraq.OneisbyJanisKarpinski.ShewastheArmy

Generalwho[S3]militarypoliceatprisonsinIraq.TheseincludedtheArmy

Reservesoldierswho[S4]theAbuGhraibPrisonnearBaghdad.Somehave

receivedprison[S5]fbrmistreatingprisonersatAbuGhraib.MizKarpinski

becamethehighest-levelofficertobepunishedinconnectionwiththe[S6].

ShelefttheserviceinJulyafterbeingreducedfromabrigadiergeneral(准将)loa

colonel(上校).HerbookiscalledOneWoman'sAnny:TheCommandingGeneralof

AbuGhraibTellsHerStory.MizKarpinskisaysshewasunfairlyblamedforconditions

beyondhercontrol.Shealsotellsofherdifficultiesasarisingwoman[S7]in

theArmy.AnotherformermemberoftheArmy.KaylaWilliams,wroteabookcalled

LoveMyRifleMoreThanYou.Thenameistakenfroma[S8]song.Miz

WilliamswasanArabictranslatorinIraq.Shesaysherbookdescribeswhatitisliketo

beyoungand[S9]intheArmy.Onefamous[S10]calledit"afrank,

hockingandhonestlookatlifeinthemilitary."A)abusedB)femaleC)woundedD)

officerE)treatmentsF)caseG)commandedH)soldierI)reviewerJ)recentlyK)

marchingL)simplyM)guardedN)beautifulO)sentences

44、[SI]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据句子结构，此处应填形容词或过去分词。根据上文“morethan

fortywomenhavebeenkilledinthewarinIraq(有四十多位女性在伊拉克战争中丧生)”

可知后面应谈论受伤的情况，前后形成并列结构，纵观词库中，只有wounded符

合句意。本句意为：还有成百上千的人受了伤。

45、[S2]

标准答案：J

知识点解析：根据句子语法结构，此题缺少作状语的副词。recenlly和simply符合

条件，根据文意，recently符合句意。本句意为：最近出版的两本书讲述了在伊拉

克服役的两位女军人的不同故事。

46、【S3】

标准答案：G

知识点解析：根据句子结构，此处应填动词的过去式结构。词库中符合条件的词有

abused,guarded和commanded,根据上文可知，她是一位上将，所以用

commanded（指挥，统率，命令）更为合适。本句意为：她是负责伊拉克狱警的陆军

准将。

47、[S4]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：根据句子结构，此处应填动词的过去式结构。词库中符合条件的有

abused和guarded两个词，根据上文“TheseincludedtheArmyReservesoldiers”,可

知主语是soldiers,所以用guarded（保卫，看守）更符合题意。本句意为：这些狱警

包括了看守巴格达附近的阿布哈里卜监狱的后备役军人。

48、[S5]

标准答案：0

知识点解析：根据句子结构，此处应填名词。根据文意可知此处谈的是“由于虐待

战俘，一些士兵被判入狱”，词库中符合条件的只有sentences（审判）。本句意为：

有些狱警由于虐待阿布哈里卜监狱里的囚犯而入狱。

49、[S6]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：根据句子结构，此处应填一名词。此处说的是“她是涉案受惩罚的最

高军衔的军官“，根据文意，符合条件的为case一词，该词有很多含义，这里指

“案例”。本句意为：MizKarpinski成了与此事相关而接受处罚的最高军官。

50、[S7]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据句子结构，此处应填一名词。根据上文“TheCommanding

GeneralofAbuGhraibTellsHerStory”可知这位女性是“总指挥官”，而不是普通士

兵。H选项soldier意思为“普通士兵”，尤指男性，而officer除了表示“政府官员”

外，还表示“军官”，故答案为。fficer。本句意为：她还讲述了她作为一名不断提升

的女军人的难处。

51、[S8]

标准答案：K

知识点解析：根据句子结构，此处应填一形容词。根据文中wroleabookcalled

LoveMyRifleMoreThanYou可知这首歌与军队有关，词库中符合该句意的为

marching,marchingsongs意为“行军歌本句意为：该名字是取自于一首行军

歌。

52、[S9]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据句子结构，此处应填一形容词。词库中符合这一条件的有female

和beautiful两个词，她在书中描写了年轻女性在军队中的生活，文中没有提及女

军人的美貌问题，联系上下文可知female符合句意。本句意为：她说书中描绘了

军队中年轻女性士兵的情况。

53、[S10]

标准答案：

知识之解析I：根据句子结构，此处应填一名词。纵观全文，可知这篇文章是对书的

评论，词库中reviewer（评论家，评论作家）更符合句意。因此答案为reviewer。本

句意为：一位著名的评论家称之为“一部描写真实军队生活的好书”。

十、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共10题，每题1.0

分，共10分。）

Thereareagreatmanycareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasisisonspecialization.You

findthesecareersinengineering,inproduction,instatisticalwork,andinteaching.But

thereisanincreasingdemandforpeoplewhoareabletotakeinagreatareaataglance,

peoplewhoperhapsdonotknowtoomuchaboutanyonefield.Thereis,inotherwords,

ademandforpeoplewhoarccapableofseeingtheforestratherthanthetrees,ofmaking

generaljudgments.Wecancallthesepeople"generalists".Andthese"generalists"are

particularlyneededforpositionsinadministration,whereitistheirjobtoseethatother

peopledothework,wheretheyhavetoplanforotherpeople,toorganizeotherpeople's

work,tobeginitandjudgeit.Thespecialistunderstandsonefield;hisconcerniswith

techniqueandtools;heisa"trained"man;andhiseducationalbackgroundisproperly

technicalorprofessional.Thegeneralist-andespeciallytheadministrator-dealswith

people;hisconcerniswithleadership,withplanning,andwithdirectiongiving.Heisan

"educated"man;andthehumanitiesarchisstrongestfoundation.Veryrarelyisa

specialistcapableofbeinganadministrator.Andveryrarelyisagoodgeneralistalsoa

goodspecialistinaparticularfield.Anyorganizationneedsbothkindsofpeople,though

differentorganizationsneedthemindifferentproportions.Itisyourtasktofindout,

duringyourtrainingperiod,intowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufit,andtoplanyour

careeraccordingly.Yourfirstjobmaymmouttobetherightjobforyou-butthisis

pureaccident.Certainlyyoushouldnotchangejobsconstantlyorpeoplewillbecome

suspiciousofyourabilitytoholdanyjob.Atthesametimeyoumustnotlookuponthe

firstjobasthefinaljob;itisprimarilyatrainingjob,anopportunitytounderstand

yourselfandyourfitnessforbeinganemployee.

54Thereisanincreasingdemandfor.

A、peoplewhoarcspecialistsandgeneralistsaswell

B、peoplewhosejobistoorganizeotherpeople'swork

C^generalistswhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalorprofessional

D、specialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguidancetoothers

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第一段第三、四、五句"Butthereisanincreasingdemandfor

people...Wccancallthesepeoplc'gcncralists'”指出，社会迫切需求的是

“generalists”,而从本段最后一句“…itistheirjobtoseethatotherpeopledothe

work,wheretheyhavetoplanforotherpeople,toorganizeotherpeople'swork,to

beginitandjudgeit”又可推断出“generalists”所从事的工作应该是"organizeother

people'swork”。

55、Accordingtothepassage,thespecialistis.

A^anmwhosejobistotrainothers

amanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechnicalorprofessionalmatters

C、amanwhoiscapableofmakinggeneraljudgments

D、amanwhohasbeentrainedinmorethanonefield

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从文章第二段第一句"Thespecialistunderstandsonefield；hisconcern

iswithtechniqueandtools；heisa^trained^man；andhiseducationalbackgroundis

properlytechnicalorprofessional”,可知其工作不是“trainothers"，也不是“hasbeen

trainedinmorethanonefield"更不是"makinggeneraljudgments,,,故只有B正确。

56>Accordingtothepassage,thegeneralistis.

A、amanwhoseesthetreesratherthantheforest

B、amanwhoisknowledgeableaboutanyfield

C>amanwhoisverystronginthehumanities

D、amanwhoisan"educated"specialist

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据文章第一段第四句可知A不正确；根据文章第二段第三句“Heis

an'educated'man；andthehumanitiesarehisstrongestfoundation'',又可3U因i出B不

正确，C正确。再根据本段第五句可知D也不正确。

57、Duringyourtrainingperiod,itisofgreatimportanceto.

A、trytobeaspecialist

B、trytobeageneralist

C>findanorganizationwhichfitsyou

D、decidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistorageneralist

标准答案：D

知识点解析：参见文章第二段最后一句"Itisyourtasktofindout.duringyoiir

trainingperiod,intowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufit,andtoplanyourcareer

accordingly”。

58、Accordingtothepassage,aman'sfirstjob.

A、isnevertherightjobforhim

B、shouldberegardedashisfinaljob

C>shouldnotbechanged

D、isprimarilyanopponunitytofithimselfforhisfinaljob

标准答案：D

知识点解析:参见文章第三段最后一句"itisprimarilyatrainingjob,anopportunity

tounderstandyourselfandyourfitnessforbeinganemployee”。

Justiceinsocietymustincludebothafairtrialtotheaccusedandtheselectionofan

appropriatepunishmentforthoseprovenguilty.Becausejusticeisregardedasoneform

ofequality,wefindinitsearlierexpressionstheideaofapunishmentequaltothecrime.

RecordedintheOldTestamentistheexpression"aneyeforaneye,andatoothfora

tooth".Thatis,theindividualwhohasdonewronghascommittedanoffenseagainst

society.Tomakeupforthisoffense,societymustgetjust.Thiscanbedoneonlyby

inflictinganequalinjuryuponhim.Itisillustratedwhenwedemandthedeathpenaltyfor

apersonwhohascommittedmurder.Andthisphilosophyofpunishmentwassupported

bytheGermanidealistHegel.Hebelievedthatsocietyowedittothecriminalto

administerapunishmentequaltothecrimehehadcommitted.Tothemurderernothing

lessthangivinguphisownlifewillpayhisdebt.Modernjuristshavetriedtoreplace

retributivejusticewiththenotionofcorrectivejustice.Theaimofthelatterisnotto

abandontheconceptofequalitybuttofindamoreadequatewaytoexpressit.Ittriesto

preservetheideaofequalopportunityloreachindividualtorealizethebestthatisin

him.Thecriminalisregardedasbeingsociallyillandinneedoftreatmentthatwill

enablehimtobecomeanormalmemberofsociety.Beforeatreatmentcanbe

administered,thecauseofhisantisocialbehaviormustbefound.Ifthecausecanbe

removed,provisionsmustbemadetohavethisdone.Onlythosecriminalswhoarc

incurableshouldbepermanentlyseparatedfromtherestofsociety.Ifseverepunishment

istheonlyadequatemeansf