重返月球-阿尔忒弥斯二号载人飞行（语法填空专练）（解析版）

重返月球—阿尔忒弥斯二号载人飞行（解析版）【话题·导语】NASAispreparingforahistoricspacelaunchthatcouldtakeastronautsaroundthemoonforthefirsttimesince1972.Theflight,calledArtemisII,isakeystepinNASA’splantoreturntothemoon.美国国家航空航天局（NASA）正筹备一项具有历史意义的太空发射任务，这将是自1972年以来首次载人绕月飞行。此次名为‘阿尔忒弥斯二号’的发射任务，是NASA重返月球计划的关键步骤。【原文·时文阅读】文章来源：/articles/2026/04/01/artemis-ii-first-moon-mission-with-astronauts-in-50-years/TheArtemisIImissionwillbethefirsttimeastronautshavebeenlaunchedintospaceonNASA’spowerfulnewSpaceLaunchSystem(SLS)rocket.Therocket,whichisover322feet(100meters)tall,willcarryanOrionspacecraftwithfourastronautsonboard.ThefourastronautstakingpartintheArtemisIImissionareNASA’sReidWiseman,ChristinaKoch,andVictorGlover,alongwiththeCanadianSpaceAgency’sJeremyHansen.Ifthemissiongoesasplanned,itwillbethefirsttimeawoman(Ms.Koch),apersonofcolor(Mr.Glover),andanon-American(Mr.Hanson)havegonearoundthemoon.TheSLSrocketisdesignedtoboosttheOrioncapsuleintoorbitaroundtheEarth.Thiswillallowtheastronautstotestimportantspacecraftsystems,likethoseforlifesupport,communication,andspacecraftcontrol.Ifallsystemsareworkingwell,theastronautswilluseOrion’s“thrusters”tosenditonacurvingtripthatwilllooparoundthemoon.ThepaththatthespacecraftwilltakearoundtheEarthandMoonwilllookalittlebitlikethenumber“8”.Themissionwilltakeabout10days,andthetripwillcoverover230,000miles(370,000kilometers).Atthefarthest,Orionisexpectedtotravel4,700miles(7,600kilometers)beyondthemoon.That’sfartherfromEarththananyastronautshavetraveledbefore.Forashortperiod,asitpassesbehindthemoon,OrionwillbeoutofcontactwithNASA.TheArtemisIImissionisdesignedtotestoutthespacecraftanditssystems.Ifthemissionissuccessful,itwillpavethewayforfuturemissionswhichwilllandonthemoon,possiblyasearlyas2028.【原创·语法填空】TheArtemisIImissionwillbethefirsttimeastronautshavebeenlaunchedintospaceonNASA’spowerfulnewSpaceLaunchSystem(SLS)rocket.Therocket,1._______isover322feet(100meters)tall,willcarryanOrionspacecraftwithfourastronautsonboard.Thefourastronauts2._______（take）partintheArtemisIImissionareNASA’sReidWiseman,ChristinaKoch,andVictorGlover,alongwiththeCanadianSpaceAgency’sJeremyHansen.Ifthemissiongoesas3._______（plan）,itwillbethefirsttimeawoman(Ms.Koch),apersonofcolor(Mr.Glover),andanon-American(Mr.Hanson)havegonearoundthemoon.TheSLSrocket4._______（design）toboosttheOrioncapsuleintoorbitaroundtheEarth.Thiswillallowtheastronautstotestimportantspacecraftsystems,likethoseforlifesupport,5._______（communicate）,andspacecraftcontrol.Ifallsystemsareworkingwell,theastronautswilluseOrion’s“thrusters”6._______（send）itonacurvingtripthatwilllooparoundthemoon.ThepaththatthespacecraftwilltakearoundtheEarthandMoonwilllookalittlebitlike7._______number“8”.Themissionwilltakeabout10days,andthetripwillcoverover230,000miles(370,000kilometers).Atthefarthest,Orionisexpectedtotravel4,700miles(7,600kilometers)8._______themoon.That’sfartherfromEarththananyastronauts9._______（travel）before.Forashortperiod,asitpassesbehindthemoon,OrionwillbeoutofcontactwithNASA.TheArtemisIImissionisdesignedtotestoutthespacecraftanditssystems.Ifthemissionis10._______（success）,itwillpavethewayforfuturemissionswhichwilllandonthemoon,possiblyasearlyas2028.【答案】1.which2.taking3.planned4.isdesigned5.communication6.tosend7.the8.beyond9.havetraveled10.successful【解析】本文是一篇说明文。美国国家航空航天局（NASA）正筹备一项具有历史意义的太空发射任务，这将是自1972年以来首次载人绕月飞行。此次名为‘阿尔忒弥斯二号’的发射任务，是NASA重返月球计划的关键步骤。1.which考查定语从句。这枚高度超过322英尺（100米）的火箭将搭载一艘载有四名宇航员的猎户座飞船。此处Therocket是先行词，在非限制性定语从句中作主语。指物，故填which。2.taking考查现在分词。参与阿尔忒弥斯二号任务的四名宇航员分别是NASA的里德·怀斯曼、克里斯蒂娜·科赫、维克多·格洛弗，以及加拿大航天局的杰里米·汉森。此处是现在分词短语作定语，Thefourastronauts和take之间是主动关系，故填taking。3.planned考查过去分词。如果任务按计划进行，这将是首次有女性（科赫女士）、有色人种（格洛弗先生）和非美国籍宇航员（汉森先生）绕月飞行。此处是状语从句的省略，相当于asitisplanned,itis可以省略，故填planned。4.isdesigned考查动词的时态和语态。SLS火箭的设计目的是将猎户座飞船助推至绕地轨道。根据语境可知，此处TheSLSrocket是被设计的，而且是叙述的事实，故填ismunication考查词形转换。这将使宇航员能够测试重要的飞船系统，例如生命支持、通信和飞船控制系统。此处是三个并列的名词，故填communication。6.tosend考查动词不定式。如果所有系统运行良好，宇航员将使用猎户座飞船的“推进器”使其沿一条弯曲的轨迹绕月飞行。此处是不定式作目的状语。故填tosend。7.the考查冠词。飞船绕地球和月球飞行的路径看起来会有点像数字“8”。此处特指数字8，故填the。8.beyond考查介词。在最远点，猎户座飞船预计将飞行到月球背面4,700英里（7,600公里）处。此处beyond意为：在另一面。故填beyond。9.havetraveled考查动词时态。这比以往任何宇航员到达的距离都要遥远。根据语境及时间状语before可知，用现在完成时。故填havetraveled。10.successful考查词形转换。如果任务成功，它将为未来的登月任务铺平道路，这些任务最早可能在2028年实施。此处形容词作表语，故填successful。【课标词汇积累】missionn.使命v.给…交代任务；派遣；把任务交给Thesuccessfulcompletionofourscienceprojectfeltlikeacollectivemission,requiringeveryteammembertocontributetheiruniqueresearchandproblem-solvingskills.(我们科学项目的成功完成就像一项集体使命，要求每位团队成员贡献自己独特的研究和解决问题的能力。)launchv.开始从事；发起；发射n.发射；下水Aftermonthsofpreparation,ourdebateclubisreadytolaunchitsfirstinter-schoolcompetition,aimingtoshowcaseourcriticalthinkingabilities.(经过数月的准备，我们的辩论社准备发起首次校际比赛，旨在展示我们的批判性思维能力。)3.boostv.使增长，推动；增强，提高n.帮助，激励；增长，提高Regulargroupstudysessionscansignificantlyboostyourunderstandingofcomplexsubjectsandimproveyourgrades.(定期的学习小组讨论能显著提升你对复杂科目的理解，并改善你的成绩。)4.curven.曲线(面)；(使)呈曲线型v.沿曲线运动Thelearningcurveformasteringadvancedmathematicsissteep,butwithpersistentpractice,itbecomesmanageable.(掌握高等数学的学习曲线很陡峭，但通过持续练习，它会变得可以驾驭。)5.contactn.联系，联络；熟人；接触，遇见v.联系，联络Maintainingclosecontactwithteachersduringofficehoursiscrucialforclarifyingdoubtsandgainingdeeperinsights.(在办公时间与老师保持密切接触对于澄清疑问和获得更深见解至关重要。)6.designv.设计；计划；制定；制造n.设计；安排；设计艺术；构思；打算；计划Thestudentcouncilworkedtogethertodesignamoreefficientandfairsystemforallocatingclubactivityfunds.(学生会共同努力，设计了一个更高效、更公平的社团活动经费分配系统。)7.astronautn.宇航员Studyingtherigoroustrainingregimenofanastronautinspiresustocultivatesimilardisciplineandresilienceinourownacademicpursuits.(研究宇航员严苛的训练计划，激励我们在自己的学术追求中培养同样的纪律性和韧性。)8.systemn.体系，制度；系统Theschool’sonlinelearningsystemintegratescoursematerials,assignments,anddiscussionforumsintoasingle,accessibleplatform.(学校的在线学习系统将课程材料、作业和讨论论坛整合到一个统一、便捷的平台。)9.capsulen.胶囊；航天舱；密封小容器Ourhistoryteachercreateda“timecapsule”projectwhereweresearchedandpresentedonaspecificdecade,encapsulatingitskeyeventsandculture.(我们的历史老师设计了一个“时间胶囊”项目，让我们研究并展示某个特定的十年，概括其关键事件和文化。)10.powerfuladj.有权力的；强有力的；强壮的；效力大的；极具感染力的Readingwidelyexposesyoutopowerfulideasanddiverseperspectivesthatcanfundamentallyshapeyourworldview.(广泛阅读让你接触到强有力的思想和多样化的视角，这些能从根本上塑造你的世界观。)【课标词汇训练】根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。1.Embarkingonthefinalexamrevisionisapersonalacademic____________thatdemandscarefulplanningandunwaveringdedication.(开始期末复习是一项个人的学业使命，需要细致的规划和坚定不移的投入。)2.Theschoolwill____________anewpeer-tutoringprogramnextsemestertofostercollaborativelearningamongstudentsfromdifferentgrades.(学校将于下学期启动一个新的朋辈辅导项目，以促进不同年级学生之间的合作学习。)3.Theteacher’sencouragingfeedbackprovidedamuch-neededconfidence____________beforemyimportantpresentation.(老师鼓励性的反馈在我重要的演讲前提供了急需的信心提升。)4.Understandingthegrading____________incompetitivecourseshelpsstudentssetrealisticexpectationsandfocusonmasteringthematerial.(了解竞争激烈课程中的评分曲线，有助于学生设定现实的期望并专注于掌握知识本身。)5.Thecareerfairprovidedanexcellentopportunitytomakedirect____________withuniversityrepresentativesandindustryprofessionals.(招聘会提供了一个与大学代表和行业专业人士直接接触的绝佳机会。)6.Ourengineeringclassprojectisto____________awaterfiltrationsystemusingbasicprinciplesofphysicsandenvironmentalscience.(我们的工程课项目是运用物理和环境科学的基本原理，设计一个水过滤系统。)7.Theguestlecturebyaformer____________expandedourhorizons,showinghowsciencelearnedinschoolappliestoextraordinaryreal-worldchallenges.(一位前宇航员的客座讲座拓宽了我们的视野，展示了在学校学到的科学如何应用于非凡的现实世界挑战。)8.Developinganeffectivetimemanagement____________iskeytobalancingcoursework,extracurricularactivities,andpersonallife.(建立一个有效的时间管理系统，是平衡课业、课外活动和个人生活的关键。)9.Thefinalreviewsessionactedlikeaknowledge____________,condensingasemester’sworthofinformationintoatwo-hourintensivestudyguide.(期末复习课就像一个知识胶囊，将一个学期的信息浓缩成一份两小时的强化学习指南。)10.Collaborativelearningcanbea____________tool,asexplainingconceptstopeersoftendeepensyourownunderstanding.(协作学习可以是一个强大的工具，因为向同伴解释概念常常能深化你自己的理解。)Keys:1.mission2.launch3.boost4.curve5.contact6.design7.astronaut8.system9.capsule10.powerful【参考译文】阿尔忒弥斯二号任务将是宇航员首次乘坐美国国家航空航天局（NASA）强大的新型太空发射系统（SLS）火箭进入太空。这枚高度超过322英尺（100米）的火箭将搭载一艘载有四名宇航员的猎户座飞船。参与阿尔忒弥斯二号任务的四名宇航员分别是NASA的里德·怀斯曼、克里斯蒂娜·科赫、维克多·格洛弗，以及加拿大航天局的杰里米·汉森。如果任务按计划进行，这将是首次有女性（科赫女士）、有色人种（格洛弗先生）和非美国籍宇航员（汉森先生）绕月飞行。SLS火箭的设计目的是将猎户座飞船助推至绕地轨道。这将使宇航员能够测试重要的飞船系统，例如生命支持、通信和飞船控制系统。如果所有系统运行良好，宇航员将使用猎户座飞船的“推进器”使其沿一条弯曲的轨迹绕月飞行。飞船绕地球和月球飞行的路径看起来会有点像数字“8”。此次任务将持续约10天，旅程将覆盖超过23万英里（37万公里）。在最远点，猎户座飞船预计将飞行到月球背面4,700英里（7,600公里）处。这比以往任何宇航员到达的距离都要遥远。在飞船经过月球背面的一小段时间内，它将与NASA失去联系。阿尔忒弥斯二号任务旨在测试飞船及其系统。如果任务成功，它将为未来的登月任务铺平道路，这些任务最早可能在2028年实施。好题精练好题精练练Passage1阅读理解（2026·南京市、盐城市高三一模）Oursolarsystemispepperedwithlargerocks,calledasteroids.IfabigasteroidstrikesEarth,therearemanypossibleoutcomes.Thespacerockcoulddropintotheoceanandnotharmanyone.Oritcouldwipeoutacity.Peoplehaveahardtimeunderstandingthechancesofanasteroidstrike.Soaresearchteamcalculatedthelikelihoodandcompareditwithotherevents—withsomesurprisingresults.“AlargeormediumasteroidhittingEarthwouldbenoticedworldwide,”saysCarrieNugent,aplanetaryscientistatOlinCollege.Whilekillerasteroidshavehitbefore,suchastheonethatfinishedoffthedinosaurs66millionyearsago,Nugentsaysasimilarsituationisnotexpectedtooccurinthefuture.“Wetrytoputthisevent,whichisactuallyapreventableevent,incontextwithotherpreventableevents,”sheadds.Usingacomputerprogram,Nugentandherteammodeledagroupofasteroidssimilartorealnear-Earthobjects(NEOs).TheyfedthemintoaprogramcalledJPLHorizons.Anyonecanusethatprogramtolookuppredictedlocationsforobjectsinthesolarsystem.Forthisproject,herteamdeterminedwhethereachmodeledasteroidwouldcrosspathswithEarth.Thatallowedtheteamtoestimatethefrequencyofasteroidsbiggerthan140metersacross,whichisaroundthesizeofalargeship,Nugentsays.AnasteroidofthissizewouldhitEarthroughlyevery11,000years.However,thatnumberisstillhardtounderstand.SoNugentcomparedthechancesofanasteroidhittingEarthwithothereventsthatpeoplemayexperienceasfollows.One-in-XChanceEventHappenstoanIndividual,orthePlanet,OveraHumanLifetimeBooksandmoviesoftendescribeasteroidrun-insasunstoppableevents.“Thetruthisactuallyentirelytheopposite,”shesays.NASA’sDARTMissionin2022hitanasteroidthatwasn’tindangerofhittingEarth.Thetestchangedtheasteroid’spath.Thisshowedthatpeoplemightbeabletoavoidsuchacrashoneday.So,it’simportanttodoresearch,suchasskysurveys,thatlocatetheseobjects.1.Accordingtoparagraph2,whatdoesNugentthinkofasteroidsstrikingEarth?A.It’shardtopredictit. B.It’surgenttopreventit.C.There’snoneedtoworryaboutit. D.There’llbedisastrousoutcomes.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”inparagraph4referto?A.Computermodeling. B.Frequencyestimate.C.Systemoperation. D.Projectassessment.3.Whichofthefollowingeventsisleastlikelytohappen?A.Coyoteattack. B.Elephantattack.C.Carbonmonoxidepoisoning. D.Asteroidimpact.4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthelastparagraph?A.Tointroducevariousasteroidresearchmethods.B.ToapplaudNASA’sasteroidresearchfindings.C.Todrawmediaattentiontoasteroidresearch.D.Tostresstheimportanceofasteroidresearch.【答案】1.C2.A3.A4.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家CarrieNugent及其团队通过计算机模拟计算小行星撞击地球的可能性，并将其与其他日常事件进行比较，以消除人们对小行星撞击的过度恐惧，同时强调了小行星研究的重要性。1.推理判断题。根据第二段“Whilekillerasteroidshavehitbefore,suchastheonethatfinishedoffthedinosaurs66millionyearsago,Nugentsaysasimilarsituationisnotexpectedtooccurinthefuture.(虽然致命的小行星以前曾撞击过地球，比如6600万年前导致恐龙灭绝的那颗，但Nugent表示，未来预计不会发生类似的情况)”可推知，Nugent认为未来不太可能发生类似恐龙灭绝那样的小行星撞击事件，因此人们不必过于担心。故选C。2.词句猜测题。根据第三段“Usingacomputerprogram,Nugentandherteammodeledagroupofasteroidssimilartorealnear-Earthobjects(NEOs).TheyfedthemintoaprogramcalledJPLHorizons.Anyonecanusethatprogramtolookuppredictedlocationsforobjectsinthesolarsystem.Forthisproject,herteamdeterminedwhethereachmodeledasteroidwouldcrosspathswithEarth.(利用计算机程序，Nugent及其团队构建了一组与真实近地天体（NEO）类似的小行星模型。他们将这些模型输入名为“JPLHorizons”的程序中。任何人都可以使用该程序来查询太阳系中物体的预计位置。在此次项目中，她的团队确定了每颗模型小行星是否会与地球相撞)”及第四段“Thatallowedtheteamtoestimatethefrequencyofasteroidsbiggerthan140metersacross,whichisaroundthesizeofalargeship,Nugentsays.(Nugent说，这使得研究团队能够估算出直径超过140米（相当于一艘大型船只的大小）的小行星出现的频率)”可推知，That指代的是前文提到的“computermodeling(计算机模拟)”这一过程，正是通过计算机模拟，团队才能估算小行星撞击的频率。故选A。3.细节理解题。根据文中关于概率的表格（One-In-XChance）可知，各事件发生的概率分别为：A.Coyoteattack(土狼袭击)1in1,000,000；B.Elephantattack(大象袭击)1in10,000；C.Carbonmonoxidepoisoning(一氧化碳中毒)1in100；D.Asteroidimpact(小行星撞击)1in1,000。注意：对数坐标的特点：坐标轴是10倍递增的（1→10→100→1000），所以视觉上的距离不代表线性比例，比如X从1到100，概率差了100倍，而不是100倍的视觉长度。概率越小，事件发生的可能性越低，土狼袭击的概率为百万分之一，是四个选项中最小的，因此最不可能发生。故选A。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Booksandmoviesoftendescribeasteroidrun-insasunstoppableevents.“Thetruthisactuallyentirelytheopposite,”shesays.NASA’sDARTMissionin2022hitanasteroidthatwasn’tindangerofhittingEarth.Thetestchangedtheasteroid’spath.Thisshowedthatpeoplemightbeabletoavoidsuchacrashoneday.So,it’simportanttodoresearch,suchasskysurveys,thatlocatetheseobjects.(书籍和电影常常将小行星碰撞事件描述为无法阻止的灾难性事件。但她表示：“事实恰恰相反。”美国宇航局2022年的DART任务击中了一颗没有撞击地球危险的小行星。这次测试改变了这颗小行星的轨道。这表明，或许有一天人类能够避免此类碰撞。因此，开展研究工作，比如进行天空普查，以定位这些天体，是非常重要的)”可推知，作者写最后一段的目的是强调小行星研究的重要性。故选D。Passage2阅读理解（2026·重庆市重庆市九龙坡区一模）Today,Marsisacoldanddrydesert.Butbillionsofyearsagothereisevidencethatithadathickatmosphereandwater,makingitapromisingplacetolookforpastlife.Themudstones,foundinadustyriverbedbyNASA’sPerseveranceRover,aredottedwithinterestingmarkingsnamedleopardspotsandpoppyseeds.ScientistsbelievethesefeaturescontainmineralsproducedbychemicalreactionsthatcouldbeassociatedwithancientMartianmicrobes(微生物).ThePerseveranceRover,whichtoucheddownontheMartiansurfacein2021,wassenttosearchforsignsofbiology.IthasspentthelastfouryearsexploringaregioncalledtheJezeroCrater,whichwasonceanancientlakewithariverflowingintoit.Theroverfoundtheleopardprintrockslastyear.Theyareabout3.5bnyearsoldandareatypeofrockcalledmudstone,whichisfine-grainedrockformedfromclays.Theroverusedseveralinstrumentsinitsonboardlabtoanalyzethemineralsintherocks.ThisdatawasthensentbacktoEarthforscientiststostudy.InsimilarconditionsonEarth,chemicalreactionscreatingmineralsaretypicallydrivenbymicrobes.It’spossiblethemineralswereproducedbynaturalgeological(地质的)processes,butatapressconferenceNASAsaidthefeaturescouldbetheclearestsignsoflifeeverfound.TheonlywaytofullyconfirmifthemineralsweremadebymicrobeswouldbetobringtherocksbacktoEarthforanalysis.AMarssamplereturnmissionhasbeenproposedbyNASAbutitsfuturelookshighlyuncertain.TheUSSpaceAgency’ssciencebudgetisfacinghugecutsthathavebeenputforwardinPresidentTrump’s2026budgetandasamplereturnmissionisoneofthosefacingcancellation.NASA’splansforsuchanefforthanginthebalancebecauseofthethreatenedbudgetcuts,butChinaisalsopursuingasamplereturnmissionthatcouldlaunchin2028.Whilethedecisionisdebated,scientistsaredesperatetogettheirglovedhandsontherocks.5.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinthefirstparagraph?A.Bydrawingacontrast. B.Byusinganexample.C.Byaskingaquestion. D.Bycitinganopinion.6.WhatistheroleofthePerseveranceRoveraccordingtothepassage?A.Itsentbacktherocksamples. B.Itperformedtheentireanalysis.C.Itconfirmsthebiologicalorigin. D.Itservesasamobilelaboratory.7.WhyisitdifficultforscientisttogetaMarssample?A.Becauseoftheuncertainfuture. B.Becauseofthefundingquarrel.C.Becauseofthereducedbudget. D.Becauseoftheincompletedecision.8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Budgetcutsdon’taffectNASA. B.NASA’splanhasbeencanceled.C.China’smissionhasnotstarted. D.Scientistslongforrocksamples.【答案】5.A6.D7.C8.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火星探索的新发现，特别是NASA的“毅力号”火星车在火星上发现的可能与古代微生物有关的矿物特征，以及获取火星样本面临的挑战。5.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Today,Marsisacoldanddrydesert.Butbillionsofyearsagothereisevidencethatithadathickatmosphereandwater,makingitapromisingplacetolookforpastlife.(如今，火星是一个寒冷干燥的沙漠。但数十亿年前，有证据表明它有浓厚的大气层和水，使其成为寻找过去生命的有希望的地方。)”可知，作者通过将火星的现状(寒冷干燥的沙漠)与其遥远的过去(有大气和水)进行对比来引出话题。故选A项。6.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Theroverusedseveralinstrumentsinitsonboardlabtoanalyzethemineralsintherocks.ThisdatawasthensentbacktoEarthforscientiststostudy.(火星车利用其车载实验室中的几种仪器分析了岩石中的矿物质。然后，这些数据被发送回地球供科学家研究。)”可知，“毅力号”火星车利用其车载实验室中的多种仪器对岩石中的矿物质进行了分析，并发送数据回地球供科学家研究，因此它起到了移动实验室的作用。故选D项。7.细节理解题。根据第四段中“TheUSSpaceAgency’ssciencebudgetisfacinghugecutsthathavebeenputforwardinPresidentTrump’s2026budgetandasamplereturnmissionisoneofthosefacingcancellation.(美国航天局的科学预算正面临大幅削减，这是特朗普总统2026年预算中提出的，样本返回任务就是面临取消的任务之一)”可知，由于美国航天局的预算面临大幅削减，火星样本返回任务面临取消，因此科学家很难获取火星样本。故选C项。8.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Whilethedecisionisdebated,scientistsaredesperatetogettheirglovedhandsontherocks.(当这个决定还在被争论时，科学家们非常渴望能用戴着手套的双手拿到那些岩石。)”可推知，尽管关于火星样本返回任务的决定仍在争论中，但科学家们非常热切地期盼着得到这些岩石样本。故选D项。Passage3阅读七选五阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AstronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationoftenspend6to12monthsinspace.Itishardtostayinsidethespacestationallthattime,buttheystillneedtodotheireverydayliving,suchasworking,eating,andexercisingwithlimitedresources.Imagineyouareanastronautonthespacestationrightnow.1KeeplearningAstronautsareconstantlylearning.Theydoallthescienceexperimentsthatneedtohappenonthespacestation.Mostofthetime,theseexperimentsweredesignedbyscientists.2Astronautsalsoneedtolearnhowtooperatepartsofthespacestation,suchastheroboticarm.Doexercise3Onewaytheydothisisbyrunningonadesignedtreadmill(跑步机),whichcouldholdthemdownsotheywon’tfloataway.Youcankeepyourmusclesstrong,too.Dosomepushups,situpsorjogsothatyou’llbestrongenoughwhenyoucangoexploring.ObserveEarthAstronautslovetotakepicturesandvideosofEarthfromthewindowofthespacestation.4Youcantakepicturesfromyourwindow,too.Thinkaboutwhatmakesyourstreetandcityspecialandtakenotesofthepatternsyousee.StayintouchAstronautskeepintouchwiththeirfamiliesbyemailandvideo-conference.Youcankeepintouchwithyourfamilyandfriendsinthesameway.Makealistofthefriendsandrelativesyouwanttostayintouchwithandcontactafeweveryday.5A.Whatdoyouknowaboutastronauts?B.Whatactivitieswouldyoudoinspace?C.Theywillbegladtoknowyouarethinkingaboutthem.D.Astronautsneedtokeeptheirmusclesstrongtostayhealthy.E.Astronautsarelearninghowtogrowfoodonthespacestation.F.Sotheyneedtolearnaboutthesciencebyfollowingtherightstepsprovided.G.SeeingEarthinanewwaygetsthemthinkingaboutwhatmakesourplanetunique.【答案】1.B2.F3.D4.G5.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员可以在太空中所进行的四种活动。1.空前“Itishardtostayinsidethespacestationallthattime,buttheystillneedtodotheireverydayliving,suchasworking,eating,andexercisingwithlimitedresources.Imagineyouareanastronautonthespacestationrightnow.(一直呆在空间站里是很困难的，但他们仍然需要用有限的资源来完成日常生活，比如工作、吃饭和锻炼。想象你现在是空间站上的一名宇航员。)”提到了宇航员在太空中使用有限的资源所进行的日常活动，下文则讲述了四项可以在太空上做的具体活动。由此可推知，设空处起到引出下文的作用，并与太空中的活动相关。分析选项，B项“你在太空可以做什么活动？”为特殊疑问句，能够引出下文内容；且其中的“activities”和“inspace”与太空中所进行的活动相关。故选B项。2.空前“Theydoallthescienceexperimentsthatneedtohappenonthespacestation.Mostofthetime,theseexperimentsweredesignedbyscientists.(他们做所有需要在空间站上进行的科学实验。大多数时候，这些实验都是由科学家设计的。)”提到了宇航员需要在太空站做实验，而这些实验大部分是由科学家们设计的；空后“Astronautsalsoneedtolearnhowtooperatepartsofthespacestation,suchastheroboticarm.(宇航员还需要学习如何操作空间站的一些部件，比如机械臂。)”则讲到宇航员们还需要学习如何操作空间站的一些部件。由此可推知，设空处应起到承上启下的作用，并与太空科学实验及宇航员需要学习的内容相关，E项“宇航员正在学习如何在空间站上种植食物”和F项“因此，他们需要按照提供的正确步骤来学习科学知识”都与宇航员的学习内容相关。E项与太空科学实验无关，故排除。F项中的“science”与空前的“science”和“scientists”相呼应，且空后句中的“learn”为该项中“learn”的同词复现。故选F项。3.根据本段小标题“Doexercise(做运动)”可知，本段主要讲述和运动相关的内容。设空处位于段首，应起到总结全段或引起下文的作用，且与运动的内容相关。D项“宇航员需要保持肌肉强壮以保持健康。”与运动相关，且与下文内容“Onewaytheydothisisbyrunningonadesignedtreadmill(跑步机),whichcouldholdthemdownsotheywon'tfloataway.Youcankeepyourmusclesstrong,too.(其中一种方法是在一个专门设计的跑步机上跑步，这个跑步机可以固定住他们，这样他们就不会飘走。你也可以保持你的肌肉强壮。)”衔接紧密，其中的“keeptheirmusclesstrongtostayhealthy”与空后的“keepyourmusclesstrong”相呼应。故选D项。4.空前“AstronautslovetotakepicturesandvideosofEarthfromthewindowofthespacestation.(宇航员喜欢从空间站的窗口拍摄地球的照片和视频。)”提到宇航员从空间站的窗口拍摄地球，空后“Youcantakepicturesfromyourwindow,too.Thinkaboutwhatmakesyourstreetandcityspecialandtakenotesofthepatternsyousee.(你也可以从你的窗户拍照。想想是什么让你的街道和城市变得特别，并记下你看到的模式。)”则讲述了从窗户里拍照并思考是什么让你所在的街道和城市变得特别。由此可推知，设空处应承上启下，且与思考的内容相关。G项“以一种新的方式看待地球让他们思考是什么让我们的星球与众不同。”与上下文联系紧密，且其中的“SeeingEarthinanewway”指的是上文提到的从空间站的窗口拍摄地球照片和视频的这种方法，“thinkingabout”和“unique”分别与下文中的“Thinkabout”和“special”相呼应。故选G项。5.空前“Makealistofthefriendsandrelativesyouwanttostayintouchwithandcontactafeweveryday.(把你想要保持联系的朋友和亲戚列一个清单，每天和其中一些人联系。)”提到列出想要保持联系的朋友和亲戚，每天和其中一些人联系。设空处位于段尾，应起到承接上文或总结全段的作用，且与和他人保持联系相关。C项“他们会很高兴知道你在想着他们。”与和他人保持联系相关，且其中的“They”指代的是前句中的“thefriendsandrelatives”。故选C项。Passage4完形填空阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（2026·广东佛山顺德区教学质量检测（二））MaunaLoainHawaiiisamongtheworld’smostactivevolcanoes.However,this1spotisanidealplaceforsimulating(模拟)aspacemissiontoMars.Thesitewaschosenbecauseitisrelativelyremoteand2totheconditionsonMars.TheredplanethaslargevolcanoesthataregeologiccousinstoMaunaLoa.3,sixscientistswerehousednearthevolcanoinasmallwhitedome(圆顶屋)foran8-monthexperiment,the4ofwhichwasto5informationonhowlengthyMarsmissionscouldpsychologicallyaffectastronauts.Thesixscientistsclosedthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworldinordertostudywhat6onMarswouldbelike.Theirtaskwastoseehowisolationaffectsthesocialaspectsofexplorerswhomightoneday7theredplanet.ConditionsonMarsaretough,sothesixhadtomanagewithoutmanyoflife’s8,likefreshfruitandunlimitedwater.Leavingthehabitatinvolved9heavysuitssimilartothosebeingdesignedforMarsastronautsandwaiting5minutesinan“airlock”tosimulatehowtheairpressuredrops.Theyonlyleftthedomeonceaweekto10fieldstudiesthatwouldhappenduringaMarsmission.Outside,therewasalottoexplore—lavaflows,caves,andigneousrock.The11wereaparticularlyattractivedestination.Inanarticle,aparticipantnotedhercrewexploredmorethan100caves.Inoneparticularcave,shedetailedthe12thatcamefromexploringfinger-shapedrockformations.“Wehaveexaminedtherockmoreclosely,and13asuitableshelterforapossibleevacuation(撤离)fromthedome,”shewrote.“OnMarsthiskindoflavatube(熔岩管)ishopedtoprovidesheltertoastronautsfromthe14spaceradiationduringasolarstorm.”Theresearchfindingsareexpectedtohaveconsiderable15ondecisionswhenputtingastronautsforfuturemissionstoMars.1.A.uncertain B.unimportant C.unnecessary D.unlikely2.A.vital B.linked C.similar D.beneficial3.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.However D.Still4.A.cause B.objective C.result D.challenge5.A.send B.store C.change D.download6.A.weather B.water C.life D.volcanoes7.A.inhabit B.pollute C.picture D.map8.A.skills B.fortunes C.tools D.luxuries9.A.protecting B.locating C.carrying D.wearing10.A.keepaneyeon B.carryout C.breakoff D.calloff11.A.shelters B.rocks C.caves D.domes12.A.relief B.excitement C.fear D.peace13.A.decorated B.built C.destroyed D.found14.A.harmful B.random C.mysterious D.unexpected15.A.limitations B.pressure C.influence D.control【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.B5.B6.C7.A8.D9.D10.B11.C12.B13.D14.A15.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍夏威夷冒纳罗亚火山因环境酷似火星，被用于模拟火星任务实验，科学家在此模拟火星生活，为未来载人探火任务提供研究依据。1.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个看似不太可能的地方却是模拟火星太空任务的理想地点。A.uncertain不确定的；B.unimportant不重要的；C.unnecessary不必要的；D.unlikely不太可能的。根据前文“MaunaLoaisamongtheworld’smostactivevolcanoes”可知，活跃火山本不适合科研，因此是不太可能的地点。故选D项。2.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该地点被选中是因为它位置偏远，且与火星环境相似。A.vital至关重要的；B.linked相关的；C.similar相似的；D.beneficial有益的。根据后文“TheredplanethaslargevolcanoesthataregeologiccousinstoMaunaLoa”可知，这里指两地地质环境相似。故选C项。3.考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，六名科学家被安置在火山附近的白色小圆顶屋内，进行为期8个月的实验，其目的是收集关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息。A.Therefore因此；B.Moreover此外；C.However然而；D.Still仍然。根据前文“TheredplanethaslargevolcanoesthataregeologiccousinstoMaunaLoa”描述MaunaLoa适合模拟火星环境，因此开展实验，前后为因果关系，therefore符合语境。故选A项。4.考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，六名科学家被安置在火山附近的白色小圆顶屋内，进行为期8个月的实验，其目的是收集关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息。A.cause原因；B.objective目的；C.result结果；D.challenge挑战。根据后文“tostudywhatlifeonMarswouldbelike”以及语境可知，此处指实验的目标。故选B项。5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，六名科学家被安置在火山附近的白色小圆顶屋内，进行为期8个月的实验，其目的是保存关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息。A.send发送；B.store储存，收集；C.change改变；D.download下载。根据后文“howlengthyMarsmissionscouldpsychologicallyaffectastronauts”以及语境可知，实验是为了收集关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息，store符合语境。故选B项。6.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这六名科学家与外界隔绝，以研究火星上的生活会是什么样子。A.weather天气；B.water水源；C.life生活；D.volcanoes火山。根据后文“howisolationaffectsthesocialaspectsofexplorers”以及语境可知，这里指科学家在模拟火星生活。故选C项。7.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的任务是观察隔离会如何影响未来可能居住火星的探险者的社交状况。A.inhabit居住；B.pollute污染；C.picture想象；D.map绘制地图。根据前文“spacemissionto