跨文化交际(含教案)(高中英语选修课)

跨文化交际一、课程基本信息1、课程中、英文名称：跨化交文际、Cross-culturalCommunication2、课程类别：专业专选课程3、课程学时：18学时4、学分：2分二、课程的目的与任务：跨文化交际作为一门学科涉及到文化和交际的各个层面，包括语言交际、非语言交际、人们之间的相互交往，以及不同文化之间的观念和信仰等。该课程的目的在于通过不同文化差异的比较研究，分析跨文化交际案例，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性，提高不同文化语境中语言交际的能力，从而更好地适应不同文化环境。使学生了解其他文化的社会文化习俗和价值观念；在语言学习的同时，更多关注相关国家的文化，特别是通过与本族文化的对比，提高跨文化交际能力，以适应社会发展和国际交流的需要,增加跨文化交际意识，并最终形成跨文化交际能力。三、课程的重点和基本要求：（一）课程的重点本课程教学的重点是增强学生对跨文化交际中文化差异的敏感性，帮助学员解决在跨文化交际中因文化的差异而产生的种种问题。通过典型实力分析，模拟交流联系，交际失误分析，英汉双向练习等多种形式，使学生认识语言，文化和交际三者之间的关系，加深对对象国文化的了解，掌握在处理跨文化交际中一些微妙问题时所需要的基本知识和技巧，提高跨文化交流的质量。（二）．基本要求：1、了解跨文化交际研究的范围和目前发展的动向。2、掌握跨文化交际研究的基本方法，并运用来解决一些实际问题。3、奠定向该学科研究纵深发展的理论基础。四、教学内容及要求本课程以语言学习为前提，强调在语言学习的过程中提高利用外语进行跨文化交际的能力，通过对交际与语言，语言与文化，文化与价值观的学习和讨论，提高跨文化交际意识；通过对文化现象的思考和讨论，反思语言学习过程，增加对文化差异的敏感性；通过课堂活动和案例学习，提高跨文化交际意识和能力，达到有效交流的目的。1．通过学习，学生能够了解语言及非语言交际在跨文化交际中的重要作用及应用规则。2．学生应主要注重日常交际的模式化习得；理解中西方谈话风格、行为习惯、思维方式的不同以及克服障碍所需的沟通和理解。同时，着重掌握中西方世界观在自然、知识、社会、时间及交际等认识方面上的差异性和互补性，增进中西方文化的交流与融合，培养自身的跨文化人格。3．此外还要求学生通过听讲、阅读、讨论、观看视频、案例分析等方式提高跨文化交际能力。在学习方式上，利用网络为本课程学生提供了大量的网上资料，包括本课程的教案、大纲、习题，以及展现中英文化特色的文化图片、文化视听材料等。本课程的教学特点是寓教于乐，通过精心设计的课堂活动使学生仿佛身临其境般地感受他国文化，体验真实的跨文化交际感受。通过案例分析和课堂讨论等方法使学生在轻松愉快的氛围中了解中英文化差异，学习跨文化交际的技巧，最终达到教学的目的。具体内容安排及目的：1、AnIntroductionIntroductiontotheCourseWarm-upCases2、CommunicationCultureInterculturalCommunicationTograsptherequirementsandassessmentofthiscourse;togetageneralunderstandingofInterculturalCommunication.3、DailyVerbalCommunication(I)Warm-upCasesFormofAddressGreeting4、DailyVerbalCommunication(II)InitiatingConversationandConversationTopicVisitingPartingTolearnthedailyexpressionininterculturalcommunication;tounderstandtheformofaddressandconversationtopic.5、DailyVerbalCommunication(III)ComplimentsandComplimentResponsesSocialFunctionsofComplimentsDifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishCompliments6、DailyVerbalCommunication(IV)CommonResponseFormulasofEnglishandChineseComplimentsCulturalAssumptionExpressionofGratitudeandApologyinEnglishandChineseTolearnthedailyexpressionininterculturalcommunication;tounderstandtheculturalassumption.7、VerbalCommunication(I)Warm-upCasesCulturallyLoadedWordsTogetthegeneralunderstandingoftheculturalconnotationofwords.8、VerbalCommunication(II)CulturalReflectionsonProverbsTaboosTogetthegeneralunderstandingoftheculturalconnotationofproverbs.9、VerbalCommunication(III)DifferencesinCulturalThoughtPatternsCulturalPuzzlesTogetthegeneralunderstandingofculturalthoughtpattern;tounderstandtherelationsbetweencultureandlanguage.10、NonverbalCommunication(I)NonverbalCommunication,ItsUnderestimatedStatusNonverbalCommunication,ItsStudyAreas11、NonverbalCommunication(II)CulturalDifferencesinNonverbalCommunicationTimeLanguageSpaceLanguageTograsptheimportanceofroleofnonverbalcommunicationininterculturalcommunication.12、NonverbalCommunication(III)BodyLanguagePara-languageTobefamiliarwiththeapplicationrules.13、Cross-genderCommunication(I)Warm-upCasesSexandGenderFeminineandMasculineCommunicationCulturesTogetageneralunderstandingofculturaldifferencesresultedfromthedifferencesofGenderconsciousness.14、Cross-genderCommunication(II)UnderstandingCross-genderCommunicationSixPrinciplesforEffectiveCross-genderCommunicationToovercometheobstaclesininterculturalcommunication.15、CaseStudyandPerformance16、CaseStudyandPerformance17、Revision18、TEST五、教学方式与方法采用多媒体课件及板书辅助教学；学生讨论；学生PPT展示；视频观看等。六、教材及参考书《跨文化交际实用教程》，胡超，外语教学与研究出版社，2012年。《跨文化交际学》，贾玉新，上海外语教育出版社。1997。《中西文化之鉴》，LinellDavis，外语教学与研究出版社，2001年。《跨文化交际面面观》，胡文仲，外语教学与研究出版社，1999年。《跨文化交际案例分析》，廖华英，北京理工大学出版社，2010年。七、考试方式闭卷考试、案例分析八、课程考核方案本课程为考试课，实行百分制，成绩构成如下：（一）平时成绩：包括考勤、课堂表现、作业、个人展示等；（二）考试成绩：100分（三）最终成绩组成说明：平时成绩30%+期末成绩70%九、辅导、答疑安排每周一次在办公室辅导、答疑。Lesson1AnIntroductionIntroductiontotheCourseWarm-upCasesDiscussion1、WhytakeInterculturalCommunication?Warm-upCasePleasediscussthecaseingroupsandmakeacommentonit.ACase:ShowingConcernInChina:XiaoLi(aninterpreter):Youmustbeverytired.You’reold…Catherine(anelderlyAmericanlady):Oh,I’mNOTold,andI’mNOTtired.CommentWhattheinterpretersaidisquitecourteousinChina.Itmeans,“Ifyouaretired,wecantakealittlerest,sinceyouaregettingoninyears.”Theinterpretergavetheimpressionthathethoughttheelderlyladywouldcollapseanyminuteifshedoesn’trestimmediately.IntheWest,thereisavalueplacedinbeingyoungthatmanypeopleconsciously,orsubconsciously,arenotwillingtoacceptthattheyaregrowingold.ThewesternwayofshowingconcernisgenerallydifferentfromtheChineseway.InChina:XiaoLi(aninterpreter):Youmustbeverytired.You’reold…Catherine(anelderlyAmericanlady):Oh,I’mNOTold,andI’mNOTtired.TheChinesewayofshowingconcernisusuallyexpressedbystatement.IntheWest:A:Howareyoudoingnow?Wouldyouliketorest?B:No,notabit.Thewesternwayofshowingconcernismainlydisplayedwithquestion.CommentThiscaseclearlyshowsthattranslationisaninterculturalcommunication,whichrequiresthetranslator/interpretertopossessbothEnglishculturalknowledgeandlanguagecompetence.2、DifferentattitudestowardsthesameobjectWhenonecoinwaslost…Englishman:Notsurprised,shruggedhisshoulders,goingaway,withoutbeingtroubledbynothing.Americanman:Calledapoliceman,gavehimhistelephonenumber,leftwithachewingguminhismouth.Germanman:Madeamarkwithin100mitersontheground,lookingforthelostcoinwithamagnifyingglass.Japaneseman:feltsorryforhisowncarelessness,stillblamedhimathome,swearingnottomakesuchasillymistakeagain.3、PeopleareculturallydifferentAgriculturalCulture:worshipland,loveland,dependuponland,stayingatpointwithmovingNomadicCulture:worshipnature,lovenature,dependuponnature,movingfromoneplacetoanother,notfixedatonepoint.BusinessCulture:readytomovefartherandfarther,makingmoreprofitsforshowingthevalueoflife.Ifonly100peopleleftintheglobalvillage1.17speakChinese2.9speakEnglish3.8speakDard4.6speakSpanish5.6speakRussian6.4speakArabic.7.50speakBengaliBangladesh,JapaneseorFrench.4、PeoplearereligiouslydifferentChristianity.About21.4billionChristiansintheworld.Bible.Forphilanthropyandequalforeverybody.Islam.Meaningbeingobedient;MuslimsarethosewhoareobedientQuran.Buddhism.AreyouaBuddhist?Buddhistsaretaughttoliveforkindnessratherthanevils.Ifonly100peopleleftintheglobalvillage1.33Christians2.18Moslems3.14Hindus4.16noreligion5.6Buddhists6.13differentreligionsPeopleareideologicallydifferentChinesepeopleandAsiansareabitmodest,liveforharmony,tryingtoavoidfacetofaceconflict.Beingcollectivist.Westernersarebeingindividualist,beingequalanddifferent.Itisnoneofmybusiness.6、PeopleareraciallydifferentIfonly100peopleleftintheglobalvillage1.61Asians2.12Europeans3.8NorthAmericans4.5SouthAmericans5.13Africans6.1AustralasianWhytakeInterculturalCommunication?Peoplearedifferentthroughouttheworld,culturally,religiously,ideologicallyandracially,actuallydifferentinalmosteveryaspect,thereforewearesupposedtoknowabouttheirdifferencesasmuchaspossible,justforasmoothcommunicationamongtheHomosapiens,thepeopleintheglobalvillage.YouwillmakeitbycomingtoInterculturalCommunication.ThePurposeThegeneralpurposeofthiscourseistounderstandthewaysinwhichcultureinterrelateswithandeffectscommunicationprocesses.Interculturallearninginvolvesaffectiveandbehavioralprocesses,aswellascognitiveones.Throughoutthiscourse,youwillhavetheopportunitytogainknowledge,skillsandattitudesthatwillincreaseyourinterculturalcommunicationcompetence.TheObjectives1)Toexploreculturalself-awareness,othercultureawarenessandthedynamicsthatariseininteractionsbetweenthetwo.2)Tounderstandhowcommunicationprocessesdifferamongcultures.3)Toidentifychallengesthatarisefromthesedifferencesininterculturalinteractionsandlearnwaystocreativelyaddressthem.4)Toacquireknowledgeanddevelopskillsthatincreaseinterculturalcompetence.5)TohaveanunderstandingofthemeaningoftheculturesunderstoodbythewesternersandtheeasternersortheChineseandAmericans.TheReasons1)DevelopmentofScience&Technology2)GlobalizationofEconomy3)WidespreadImmigration4)DevelopmentofMulticulturalism5)InternationalCommunication6)InterracialCommunication7)InterethnicCommunicationorminoritycommunicationAssignmentsCaseStudy——ToBeDirectorNotLesson2CommunicationCultureInterculturalCommunicationWhatIsCulture?DefineculturesyourselfPleasewritedownwhatevercomestoyourmindwhenyouhearorthinkofculture.Next,trytofigureouthowtheyarerelatedtoculture.2.DefinitionFinal1)Cultureisthetotalwayoflifethatagroupofpeopleshares.2)Cultureisasystemofsharedbeliefs,values,customs,behaviors,andartifactsthatthemembersofasocietyusetocopewiththeirworldandwithoneanother,andthataretransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationthroughlearning.3)CultureisanIntegratedsystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternswhicharecharacteristicofthemembersofasocietyandwhicharenottheresultofbiologicalinheritance.4)Cultureisthedepositofknowledge,experience,beliefs,values,actions,attitudes,meanings,hierarchies,religion,notionsoftime,roles,spatialrelations,conceptsoftheuniverse,andartifactsacquiredbyagroupofpeopleinthecourseofgenerationsthroughindividualandgroupstriving.5)Cultureisthetotalaccumulationofbeliefs,customs,values,behaviors,institutionsandcommunicationpatternsthatareshared,learnedandpasseddownthroughthegenerationsinanidentifiablegroupofpeople.3.ElementsofCulture

4.Culture——ThreeIngredients:artifactsconcepts(beliefs,values,worldviews…)behaviore.g.Whereasthemoneyisconsideredanartifact,thenvalueplacedonitisaconcept,theactualspendingandsavingofthemoneyisbehavior.CultureLikeanIceberga.Objectiveculture:history,literature,andcustoms.(visible,smallpart)b.Subjectiveculture:feelingsandattitudesaboutthings.(invisible,largepart)TheCulturalIcebergTheIcebergofCultureObjectiveCulture&SubjectiveCulture1)finearts,literature,drama,classicalmusic,popularmusic,folkdancing,games,cooking,dress2)eyebehavior,contextualconversationpatterns,socialinteractionrite,facialexpressions(1)notionsofmodesty,conceptionofbeauty,idealofchildrearing,relationshipstoanimals(2)patternsofsuperior/subordinaterelations,definitionofsin,courtshippractices,conceptionofjustice,incentivestowork,notionsofleadership,tempoofwork,groupdecision-making(3)conceptionofcleanliness,attitudestowardsdependents,theoryofdisease,approachestoproblem-solving,conceptionofstatusmobility,statusdesignationsbasedonage,sex,class,occupation,kinship,etc.(4)natureoffriendship,orderingoftime,conceptof“self”,preferenceforcompetitionorcooperation,bodylanguage,notionsaboutlogicandvalidity,patternsofhandlingemotions6.CharacteristicsofCulture1)Cultureisshared.Themembersofacultureshareasetof‘ideals,values,andstandardsofbehaviors’,andthissetofidealsiswhatgivesmeaningtotheirlives,andwhatbondsthemtogetherasaculture.2)Cultureislearned.Actually,cultureisnotinnatesensibility,butalearnedcharacteristic.Childrenbeginlearningabouttheirowncultureathomewiththeirimmediatefamilyandhowtheyinteracteachother,howtheydress,andtheritualstheyperform.Whenthechildrenaregrowinginthecommunity,theirculturaleducationisadvancedbywatchingsocialinteractions,takingpartinculturalactivitiesandritualsinthecommunity,formingtheirownrelationshipsandtakingtheirplaceintheculture.3)Cultureissymbolic.Inorderfortheculturetobetransmittedfromonepersontothenext,andfromonegenerationtothenext,asystemofsymbolsneedstobecreatedthattranslatestheidealsoftheculturetoitsmembers.Thisisaccomplishedthroughlanguage,art,religionandmoney.4)Cultureisintegrated.Forthesakeofkeepingtheculture,functioningallaspectsoftheculturemustbeintegrated.Forexample,thelanguagemustbeabletodescribeallthefunctionswithinthecultureinorderforideasandidealstobetransmittedfromonepersontoanother.Withouttheintegrationoflanguageintothefabricoftheculture,confusionanddysfunctionwouldreignandtheculturewouldfail.5)Cultureisdynamic.Itisnecessarytorecognizethatculturesaredynamicratherthanstatic.Theyareconstantlychangingandevolvingundertheimpactofeventsandthroughcontactwithothercultures.Cultureschangethroughthreemostcommonmechanisms:innovation,diffusionandacculturation(calamity).6)Cultureisethnocentric.Ethnocentrismisthebeliefthatyourownculturalbackground,includingwaysofanalyzingproblems,values,beliefs,language,andverbalandnonverbalcommunication,iscorrect.Ethnocentristsbelievetheircultureisthecentralcultureandotherculturesareincorrect,ineffective,orquaint.CommunicationCanyougivesomeexamplestoexplainthewordcommunication?Whatiscommunication?1.DefinitionofCommunicationGenerallyspeaking,communicationcanbedefinedasadynamic,symbolic,transactionalandcontextualprocessinwhichpeoplecreatesharedmeaningsormessages.2.EightIngredientsofCommunicationbehavioralsourceEncodingmessagechannelresponderDecodingresponseFeedbackInterculturalCommunication1.WhatisInterculturalCommunication?InterculturalCommunicationmeanstheexchangeorcommunicationbetweenpeoplewhohavedifferentculturalbackgrounds.2.ModelofInterculturalCommunication3.CommentThemoresimilaritiestwoculturesshare,thelessinfluenceculturewillhaveoncommunication.Therefore,thelessmessageswillbechangedduringcommunication.Thelesstheculturesarealike,thegreatertheinfluenceofcultureoncommunicationwillbe,andthemorelikelythemessageswillbechanged.Misunderstandingininterculturalcommunicationoftenariseshere.4.BarriersinInterculturalCommunicationLanguagedifferencesNonverbalcommunicationStereotypesCulturalbiasonjudgmentsHighlevelofstressTheDifferencebetweenChineseandWesternCultures1.TheattitudesbyforeignerstowardsChinesePeople2.TheattitudesbyChinesetowardsWesterners3.ManandNation4.ThewayoflifeAssignmentsVideoWatching:GuaSha《刮痧》Lesson3DailyVerbalCommunication(I)Warm-upCasesFormofAddressGreetingObjectivesLearnthedifferencesofaddressingpeopleandgreetingbetweenChineseandwesternculture.Learnwhatarethetopicsatthebeginningoftheconversation.Learnhowtovisitsomeoneandhowtoleave.Warm-upcasesTwelvecupsofteaQuestion1:WhydidIhave12cupsoftea?Question2:Howcouldyouhelp“I”inthiscaseoutoftheawkwardsituation?1.AddressingPeopleDiscussthedifferencesinaddressingpeoplebetweenEnglishandChinesecultures.Howtoaddresspeople?AcquaintanceMr.Ms.orMrs.+surnameVIPTitle+fullname/surnameAmbassador大使Doctor博士Duke公MarquisorMarquess侯CountorEarl伯Viscount子Baron男StrangerMr.Madam(onlyusethewordSirifheismucholderthanyouoryoudon’tknowhissurnamebutheisaVIP)YoungpeopleYoungmanYoungLadyKid(s)YoungMaster(小王子)Howtoexpressfu+title?Tips:行政头衔以“副”字的表示副职的行政职务头衔，可用vice、deputy表达。在实际使用时究竟选用哪个，纯属搭配习惯。一般来说，vice与president、premier、chairman、minister、governor搭配；deputy与director、chief、head、secretary、dean、mayor搭配。似乎可以认为，Vice比Deputy的搭配级别要高。学术头衔学术头衔的“副”职称，常用associate表示。如：副教授

associateprofessor副研究员associateresearchfellow副审判长associatejudge副主任医师

associatedoctor2.GreetingsWesternexpressionsGoodmorning/afternoon/evening.Howareyou?Howarethingsgoing?Howareyougettingon?Howarethings(withyou)?How’severything?How’slife?Hello.Hey./Hi.ChineseexpressionsWhereareyougoing?你上哪去？Wherehaveyoubeen?你去哪里啦？Haveyouhadyourmeal?吃过了吗？SummaryAddressingPeopleGreetingsAssignmentsComparetheAmericanfriendshipwiththeChinesefriendship.Lesson4DailyVerbalCommunication(II)InitiatingConversationandConversationTopicVisitingPartingTolearnthedailyexpressionininterculturalcommunication;tounderstandtheformofaddressandconversationtopic.1.InitiatingConversationsandConversationTopicWhattopicsshouldbeavoidedininitiatingconversation?AgeMoney/SalaryHealthFamilyConversationtopicsHobbiesHolidaysTheweatherAlocalornationaleventJobsFilms/books2.VisitingSomeoneBusinessvisiting:arrangeatimeinadvancesomestraighttothepointSocialvisiting:moreflexibleSomesuitableexpressions:Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.IwaswonderingwhetherIcouldcomeroundtovisityousometime.I’dliketocomeandseeyousometime.Wouldyoubefreeoneafternoonnextweek?Mr.ZhangandIwouldliketocomeandvisityou.WoulditbeconvenientforustocomeWednesdayevening?ThingstobemindedAdvancenoticeTakeofftheout-doorclothingimmediately,ifnot,theywouldconsideryoustayonlyafewminutes.FinisheatingFood-offeringdifferences3.PartingsQuestion:WhatarethedifferencesinpartingbetweenChineseandEnglishcultures?Thedifferences:Westerners:Acoupleofminutes’smalltalkWell,it’sbeenlovelytoseeyouagain,butImustbegoingsoon.Ihopewe’llbeabletogettogetheragainbeforelong...Thankyouforalovelyevening.Imustnotholdyouanylonger.Chinese:abruptleaving-takingI’mleavingnow.CasestudyLiHongzhang’sembarrassment:Question1:CouldtheWesternersunderstandtheChinesemodesty?Question2:HowcouldLigetridofhisembarrassment?DifferentAttitudesTowardaFlyinaBeerQuestion:Whatcanberevealedoutofthecase?BorrowMoney&LendMoneyQuestion1:Ifyouwere“I”inthiscase,howwouldyouadjustyourself?Question2:What’stheresponseofthetheAmericanifyouaregenerousandsay:“Don’tmentionitagain.Youdon’thavetopaymeback.”SummaryInitiatingConversationsVisitingSomeonePartingsAssignmentsVideoWatching:TheJoyLuckClub《喜福会》Lesson5DailyVerbalCommunication(III)ComplimentsandComplimentResponsesSocialFunctionsofComplimentsDifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishComplimentsWarm-upcasesAnInvitationtoDinnerQuestion:Ifyouwerethedirectorandchosentomediatethissituation,whatwouldyoudotoensurenottooffendeitherparty?HowwouldyouexplainBart’sbehaviortoManual?HowwouldyouexplainManual’stoBart?TheCancellationoftheDinnerPartyComment:1.InNewZealand,afriendcanopenlyprovideconstructivecriticism.IfStandidnotmakesuchsuggestionstoafriendinhiscountry,thefriendwouldbeangrythatStandidnothelphimwhenhehadthechance.2.InPhilippines,apersoncannotbeafriendandacriticatthesametime,oratleastnotinpublic.Stanshouldfindsomeotherway(acceptabletotheFilipinos)tovoicehiscomments.Whyshouldtheydolikethis?Comment:1.TheBritishpeoplemaintaintheiretiquetteandsocialmannersevenwhentheyareveryexcited.2.TheFilipinocoupledidnotintroducetheirFilipinofriendtohim3.TheFilipinosweretalkingintheirownnativelanguage.NodoubttheBritishfeltleftout,whichisunacceptableandrarelyoccursonsocialoccasionsinBritain.4.Whenimmigrantsmeetinaforeigncountry,theytendtotakenonoticeoftheirsurroundings/peoplearound,whichisconsideredtoberudeandrequiresattention.2.ComplimentsA.ComplimentandcomplimentresponsesB.SocialfunctionsofcomplimentsC.DifferencesbetweenChinesecomplimentsandEnglishcompliments(semanticformulaandsyntacticformula)D.CommonresponseformulasinEnglishandChineseE.DifferentculturalassumptionsaboutcomplimentComplimentsandcomplimentsresponsesFishingforcompliments“Growingflowersismyhobby,butI’mnotmuchgoodatit”“Buttheseflowersarebeautiful”“IwishIcoulddoaswell!”“Ireallyknowlittleaboutthesubject.”“Well,Icertainlydon’tknowanybodywhoknowsmorethanyoudo!”Socialfunctionsofcompliments1.Tocreateorreinforcesolidarity2.Togreetpeople3.Toexpressthanksorcongratulations4.Toencourageagingpeople5.Tosoftencriticism6.Tostartaconversation7.ToovercomeembarrassmentDifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishComplimentsW:ItiscommonforamantoinformallygiveawomancomplimentsonherlooksorclothingC:ItistakenasakindofflirtationifamancomplimentsawomanChinesepeoplecomplimenteachothermuchlessfrequentlythanwesternersdo.ChinesepeopletrytodrawalinebetweencomplimentandflatteryChinesepeopleinterpretothers’positivecomplimentsasarequestforpossessingsomething.SummaryComplimentsandresponsesDifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishcomplimentsAssignmentsVideoWatching:USA《走遍美国》Lesson6DailyVerbalCommunication(IV)CommonResponseFormulasofEnglishandChineseComplimentsCulturalAssumptionExpressionofGratitudeandApologyinEnglishandChineseTolearnthedailyexpressionininterculturalcommunication;tounderstandtheculturalassumption.1.TheSemanticFormulaEnglishcompliments:AdjectivesVerbsThiswasagreatmeal.Youlooksonicetoday.Youdidagoodjob.Ilikeyourhaircut.Iloveyourglasses.IreallyenjoyedyourclassChinesecomplimentsAdjectivesadverbsverbsYourskirtisverypretty.Thisroomisreallygood.You’rereallyanexperiencedteacher.Youdidthejobverywell.Youtreatpeoplesincerely.Iespeciallylikethecolorofyourblouse.Youdeservebeingpraised.TheSyntacticFormulaNPADJPROVADVOEnglish:NPis/looksreallyADJ(53%)Yourblouselooksbeautiful.Youaresoefficient.Ireallylike/loveNPIreallylikeyourhardwoodfloors.That’sreallyabeautifulcar.ChineseYouVADVYoudidthejobwell.NPisADJYourcoatisreallybeautiful.PROisADJNPThat’sawonderfulwallcalendar.PROVOYoudeservebeinghonored.IlikeNPIlikethispicture.2.ResponseFormulasofEandCcomplimentsAmericanEnglishA:Thisisreallyanicesweater.B:I’mgladyoulikeit.A:Youdidagoodjob.B:Thankyou/Thanks.Chinese:A:Yoursweaterisverygood.B:Iboughtitonlyfortenyuan.A:Youdidthejobverywell.B:That’stheresultofjointefforts./There’sstillmuchroomforimprovement.Generallyspeaking,nativeEnglishspeakerstendtoacceptthecomplimentswhiletheChinesetendtoeffacethemselvesinwordsalthoughtheydofeelcomfortableaboutthecompliments.Sometimeshumorousresponsescouldbeusedwhenwithintimatefriends.3.CulturalAssumption“Good”referstoone’shealth,appearanceandmannerinbothEandCcultures“Losingweight”meansgoodinEculturebutnotgoodinCculture“puttingonweight”canbeacomplimenttoChinesebutoffensivetoAmericans4.ExpressionsofgratitudeandapologyTheexpressionsarefarmorefrequentlyusedinEnglishthaninChinese.Chineseoftenneglectminorfavorsespeciallyamongfriendsandmembersoffamily.Theythinktheexpressionsofgratitudeandapologyunnecessaryandeventiresome.SomespecialChineseexpressions:Itdoesn’tmatter.没关系Nevermind.不要紧（responsestoapology）You’rewelcome.不用谢It’smypleasure.没关系（responsestogratitude）SummaryResponseFormulasofEandCcomplimentsExpressionsofgratitudeandapologyinEnglishandChineseAssignmentsRoleplay1)Theguestcomplimentsthemeal2)You’reatapartywithotherstudentsfromtheuniversity.Youdon’tknowanybodyandyou’dliketomeetafewpeopleandstartaconversation.Lesson7VerbalCommunication(I)Warm-upCasesCulturallyLoadedWordsTogetthegeneralunderstandingoftheculturalconnotationofwords.I.Warm-upcasesCase.ShoesforStreetWalkingQuestion:WhydidtheItalianshopownermakesuchablunder?Interpretationastreetwalkeraprostitutetohaveafittobecomesuddenlyandviolentlyangryorupset2.CulturallyLoadedWordsWhatisloadedwords?Loadedwordsandphrasesarethosewhichhavestrongemotionalovertonesorconnotations,andwhichevokestronglypositiveornegativereactionsbeyondtheirliteralmeaning.CanyoufindtheequivalentwordsinEnglishfortheseChinesewords?龙dragon干部cadre母马femalehorse?/mare?扁担acarryingpole;ashoulderpole一本书abook知识分子intellectual社会科学-socialscience?/thehumanities?Interpretations龙inCC,itisatotemwithmanyroyalassociations,龙颜，龙床，龙袍，龙心大喜InEC,dragonreferstohorrible,disgustingmonsters.知识分子InCC,itreferstopeopleincludingcollegeteachers,collegestudents,middleschoolteachers,andsuchpeopleasmedicaldoctors,engineers,interpreters.InEC,itreferstopeopleofhighacademicstatus(collegeprofessors)–muchsmallerrangeofpeoplenotalwaysacomplimentaryterm,sometimesusedinderogatorysense.干部asmallgroupofpeoplewhoarespeciallychosenandtrainedforaparticularpurpose.骨干队伍amemberofthiskindofgroup.干部InEC,manypeopledon’tknowwhatitmeans.(notacommonword)Someothersubstitutes:official,functionary,administrator,etc.ButnoneofthesegetsexactsamemeaningasChineseword“干部”.社会科学SocialSciencesinChinesecoversallthefieldsexcepttheonesinthenaturalscienceandappliedsciences.Sameas“thehumanities”inEnglish.WhileinEnglish,“socialsciences”coverasmallerareaoflearning.Itincludespoliticalscience,economics,history(oftenclassifiedunderthehumanities)andsociology.thebranchesoflearningthatstudyhumansociety,especiallyitsorganizationandrelationshipofindividualmemberstoit.SummaryAterminonelanguagedoesnotnecessarilyhaveacounterpartintheotherlanguage;（扁担）Wordsortermsinbothlanguageappeartorefertothesameobjectorconceptonlyonthesurface,butactuallyrefertoquitedifferentthings;（龙）Thingsorconceptsarerepresentedbyoneorperhapstwotermsinonelanguage,butbymanymoretermsintheotherlanguage,ie,finerdistinctionsexistintheotherlanguage;（社会科学）Termshavemoreorlessthesameprimarymeaning,buthavesecondaryoradditionalmeaningsthatmaydifferconsiderablyfromeachother.（龙）AssignmentsResearchTopicDifferentcolorshavedifferentassociationsindifferentlanguages.Pleasemakeaclosestudyofthe“color”languagesinChineseandEnglish.Lesson8VerbalCommunication(II)CulturalReflectionsonProverbsTaboosTogetthegeneralunderstanding