生态翻译理论视角下《航拍中国》字幕翻译的适应性研究

摘要生态翻译理论融合了生态学、文化学和社会学等多学科视角，是一种在翻译适应选择论的基础上发展起来的全新翻译理论。同时《航拍中国》纪录片充分展示中国各地壮丽自然风光、人文景观和城市风貌，在国际传播中具有极大潜力。生态翻译理论为字幕翻译研究提供了新视角，因此从该理论视角研究《航拍中国》字幕翻译具有重要现实意义。本研究旨在探讨《航拍中国》字幕翻译在生态翻译理论视域下如何实现适应性以及这些策略在实际应用中的有效性和存在的问题，提出改善字幕翻译适应性的创新策略。本研究主要采用文献分析法、案例分析法、例证和归纳法，分别是从语言维、文化维、交际维和生态环境适应性这四个维度研究。在理论上阐述该研究对丰富生态翻译理论在纪录片字幕翻译研究方面的贡献。在实践意义上说明研究结果对《航拍中国》后续字幕翻译改进的价值，以及对其他纪录片字幕翻译的指导作用。关键词生态翻译理论；字幕翻译；《航拍中国》

AbstractEcologicaltranslationtheory,whichintegratestheperspectivesofecology,culturology,sociologyandotherdisciplines,isanewtranslationtheorydevelopedonthebasisoftranslationadaptationandselectiontheory.Atthesametime,thedocumentaryAerialChinafullydemonstratesthemagnificentnaturalscenery,culturallandscapeandurbanlandscapeinChina,whichhasgreatpotentialininternationalcommunication.Ecologicaltranslationtheoryprovidesanewperspectiveforsubtitletranslationresearch,soitisofgreatpracticalsignificancetostudysubtitletranslationofAerialChinafromthistheoreticalperspective.ThepurposeofthisstudyistoexplorehowtoachieveadaptabilityofsubtitletranslationofAerialChinafromtheperspectiveofeco-translationtheory,andtheeffectivenessandproblemsofthesestrategiesinpracticalapplication,andtoputforwardinnovativestrategiestoimprovetheadaptabilityofsubtitletranslation.Thisstudymainlyadoptsthemethodsofliteratureanalysis,caseanalysis,illustrationandinduction,andstudiesfromthefourdimensionsoflanguage,culture,communicationandecologicaladaptability.Thispapertheoreticallyexpoundsthecontributionofthisstudytoenrichingtheecologicaltranslationtheoryintheresearchofdocumentarysubtitletranslation.Inapracticalsense,itillustratesthevalueoftheresearchresultsfortheimprovementofthefollow-upsubtitletranslationofAerialChina,aswellastheguidingroleforthesubtitletranslationofotherdocumentaries.KeywordsSubtitletranslation;AerialChina;Eco-translatologyAStudyontheAdaptabilityofSubtitleTranslationofAerialChinafromthePerspectiveofEco-Translation1 Introduction1.1 ResearchBackgroundAftermorethan20years’development,ecotranslationtheoryhasbecomeanimportantbranchoftranslationtheory.Itintegratestheperspectivesofecology,culturologyandsociology,andprovidesnewideasandmethodsfortranslationresearch.EcotranslationtheorywasproposedbyHuGengshenin2001.Itisanewtranslationtheorydevelopedonthebasisoftranslationadaptationandselectiontheory.Thistheoryusesecologicalrationalitytoconductacomprehensiveandholisticstudyoftranslationfromanecologicalperspective.Itisan“ecologicalparadigmandresearchfieldoftranslation,i.e.adaptationandselection”.ThistheorydrawsonDarwin'sevolutionarytheoryofnaturalselection,explainsanddemonstratesthetranslationprocessfromtheperspectiveofadaptationandselection,andadvocatestheapplicationofnaturalsciencetheorytotranslationstudies.Ecotranslatologyhasputforwardmanynewconceptsandideas,suchasecotranslatologyethics,translatorcentrism,theconceptof“translationcommunity”,“translationtodosomething”andtheconceptof“postpunishment”.Theseconceptstogetherformarelativelycompletetheoreticalframework,coveringtheethicalnormsintranslationbehavior,thetranslator’srole,theadaptationandselectionmechanism,andthetranslationecologicalenvironment.Atthesametime,asanimportantcarrierofculturalcommunication,thequalityandeffectofsubtitletranslationofdocumentaryfilmsareincreasinglycriticaltothespreadofChineseculture.AerialChinashowsthemagnificentnaturalscenery,culturallandscapeandurbanlandscapeofChinafromauniqueaerialperspective,whichhasgreatpotentialininternationalcommunication.Ecotranslationtheoryprovidesanewperspectiveforsubtitletranslationresearch.Itemphasizestheintegrity,relevanceanddynamicadaptabilityintheprocessoftranslation,andrequirestranslatorstopayattentiontotheecologicalenvironmentofthesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguage,sothatthetranslationcansurviveanddevelopinthenewlanguageandculturalecology.Therefore,itisofgreatpracticalsignificancetostudysubtitletranslationofAerialChinafromthistheoreticalperspective.1.2 ResearchSignificanceTheresearchsignificanceisdividedintotheoreticalandpracticaldimensions.Thetheoreticalsignificanceelaboratesonthestudy’scontributionstoenrichingecologicaltranslatologyinthecontextofdocumentarysubtitletranslationresearch.Asanemergingtranslationtheory,ecologicaltranslatologyhasgarneredextensiveattentionintranslationstudiesinrecentyears.However,itsappliedresearchinsubtitletranslationfordocumentariesremainsrelativelylimited.ByanalyzingthesubtitletranslationoftherepresentativedocumentaryAerialChina,thisstudyexploresthespecificapplicationstrategiesandmethodsofecologicaltranslatologyindocumentarysubtitletranslation.Itprovidesnewempiricalresearchcasesforthedevelopmentofecologicaltranslatology,furthervalidatingthetheory’sfeasibilityandeffectivenessinthisdomain.Thiscontributestopromotingin-depthresearchanddevelopmentofecologicaltranslatologywithindocumentarysubtitletranslation,therebyenrichingthetheoreticalsystemoftranslationstudies.Intermsofpracticalsignificance,thestudyhighlightsthevalueofitsfindingsforimprovingthesubsequentsubtitletranslationofAerialChinaanditsguidingroleforsubtitletranslationofotherdocumentaries.Accurateandhigh-qualitysubtitletranslationisacriticalfactorinAerialChina’ssuccessfulentryintotheinternationalmarket.Throughapplyingecologicaltranslatologytoconductadaptiveresearchonitssubtitletranslation,thisstudycanidentifyexistingissuesandshortcomingsinthecurrenttranslations,summarizeeffectivetranslationstrategiesandmethods,andofferspecificsuggestionsandreferencesforenhancingthequalityofAerialChina’ssubtitles.Theseeffortswillhelpforeignaudiencesbetterunderstandandappreciatethedocumentary,enhanceitscommunicationeffectivenessandinfluenceintheinternationalmarket,furtherpromotetheglobaldisseminationofChinesedocumentaries,andstrengthentheinternationalcommunicationcapacityofChineseculture.1.3 ResearchQuestionsResearchObjectives:ThestudyaimstoclarifyhowthesubtitletranslationofAerialChinaachievesadaptabilityfromtheperspectiveofecologicaltranslationtheory,aswellastheeffectivenessandexistingissuesofthesestrategiesinpracticalapplication.ThisincludesanalyzingthecurrentmethodsofsubtitletranslationinAerialChina,evaluatingtheirperformanceinmaintainingcontentauthenticityandenhancingviewingexperience,identifyingkeychallengesinsubtitletranslation,suchastheconveyanceofculturalmetaphors,presentationofregionalcharacteristics,andcontextualadjustments,andproposinginnovativestrategiestoimprovetheadaptabilityofsubtitletranslation,therebydeepeningandbroadeningcross-culturalcommunication.ThemainresearchquestionofthispaperishowAerialChinaemploysthethree-dimensionaltransformationtheoryineco-translationtheorytoachieveadaptability,soastoestablishaneffectiveconnectionwiththetarget-languageaudience.1.4 ResearchMethodsResearchMethods:Literatureanalysisandcaseanalysismethodsareemployed.LiteratureResearchMethod:Comprehensivelyandsystematicallycollectandorganizerelevantliteratureondocumentarysubtitletranslation,ecologicaltranslationstudies,andrelatedfields,includingacademicpapers,monographs,andresearchreports.Throughreadingandanalyzingthesematerials,thisstudyaimstounderstandtheresearchstatus,developmenttrends,andexistingproblemsinthefield,providingasolidtheoreticalfoundationandresearchframework.Additionally,bydrawingonpreviousresearchachievements,thestudyavoidsredundantworkandensuresinnovationandscientificrigor.CaseAnalysisMethod:SelectrepresentativesubtitletranslationexamplesfromeachseasonofAerialChina,usingthe“three-dimensionaltransformation”theoryofecologicaltranslationstudiesastheanalyticalframeworktoconductdetailedandin-depthanalyses.Throughthedissectionofspecificcases,thisresearchexploresthetranslationstrategiesandmethodsemployedbytranslatorsinthelinguistic,cultural,andcommunicativedimensions,aswellastheeffectivenessandlimitationsofthesestrategiesinachievingadaptationandselectionbetweenthetranslatedtextandthetranslationalecologicalenvironment.Thisprocessaimstosummarizeuniversalandguidingtranslationrulesandprinciples.2 LiteratureReview2.1 PreviousStudiesonEco-translatology2.1.1 Eco-translatologyStudiesAbroadEco-translationtheorywasproposedbyHuGengshenintheearly21stcenturyandhasgraduallyattractedattentionfromtheinternationaltranslationstudiescommunityinrecentyears.AlthoughthetheoryoriginatesfromChina,someforeignscholarshavebeguntoexploreitsapplicability.Sinceitsinception,eco-translationtheoryhasbeencitedbysomeWesternscholars,particularlyindiscussionsoftranslatorsubjectivity.Forexample,PolishscholarMajaSliwerska(2016)appliedHuGengshen’s“translator-centered”theoryinherpaperThe“Originalizing”Eco-translationStrategyinHongloumengtoanalyzethestrategyusedbyYangXianyiandhiswifetopreserveclassicalChineseculturalimagesintheirtranslationofDreamoftheRedChamber.Shefoundthatthroughtranslationmethodsof“culturaltransplantation”and“dynamicbalance,”thetranslatedversionachievedthe“continuousvitality”ofculture-loadedtermsinthetarget-languageecologicalenvironment.Overtime,Westernscholarshavealsograduallycomparedlocaltheorieswitheco-translationtheory,integratingeco-translationtheoryintolocaltheoreticalframeworkstoachieveorganiccombination.IntherevisededitionofTranslationandGlobalization(2018),AmericanscholarMichaelCronindrewontheconceptof“translationecology”fromeco-translationstudiestoproposethe“translationniche”theory,emphasizingtheecologicalroleoftranslatorsincross-culturalcommunication.Thistheorybreaksthroughthetext-centrismoftraditionaltranslationstudiesandprovidesanewperspectivefortheinterdisciplinarydevelopmentofeco-translationstudies.However,whileeco-translationtheoryhasbeenadoptedandcitedbysomeWesternscholars,itremainslargelycontroversial,withcriticismsmainlyfocusingontheambiguityoftheoreticalterminology,thelackofempiricalresearch,anddifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncultures.InTranslationTheoryandDevelopmentStudies:AComplexityTheoryApproach(Routledge,2019),Marais,K.(2019)arguedthattheconceptof“translationecologicalenvironment”lacksacleardefinition,criticizingtheecologicalanalogiesineco-translationtheoryasoverlymetaphoricaltomeettherigorofscientifictheory,andsuggestingaredefinitionofsystemicdynamics.In2021,Tymoczko,M.comparedeco-translationtheorywithWesternsocialtranslationstudiesinChineseTranslationTheoriesinGlobalContexts:ACriticalReview(2019),arguingthatthe“translator-centered”hypothesisofeco-translationtheoryignorescollectivetranslationpractices.O’Sullivan,C.(2022)calledforintroducingexperimentalmethodstotestthe“ecologicalfitness”oftranslatedworksinExperimentalApproachestoTranslationEcology,ratherthanrelyingonsubjectivedescriptions.Currently,althougheco-translationtheoryhasachievedsomemodestprogressabroad,itremainsamarginaltheory,primarilyappealingtoscholarsinterestedinChinesetranslationstudies.Itsdevelopmentstillfacesnumerouschallengesandrequiressignificantimprovements,suchasstrengtheningempiricalresearch,promotinginterdisciplinaryintegration,andgraduallyadaptingtoWesternacademicdiscourse.2.1.2 Eco-translatologyStudiesatHomeAstheleadingfigureofeco-translationtheory,HuGengshenhasbeenapivotallinkthroughoutitsemergenceanddevelopment.Eco-translationtheorywasformallyproposedbyHuGengsheninhis2004bookTranslationasAdaptationandSelection(2004),whichdrewinspirationfromDarwin’stheoryofbiologicalevolutionandfirstintroducedthecoreconceptof“translationasadaptationandselection,”layingthefoundationforeco-translatology.In2013,hepublishedEco-Translatology:ConstructionandInterpretation(2013),systematicallyintegratinghisearlieradaptation-selectiontheorytocomprehensivelyconstructthetheoreticalframeworkofeco-translatology.Thebookputforwardthreecoreconcepts:“translationasecologicalbalance,”“translationastextualtransplantation,”and“translationasadaptationandselection,”whileelaboratingonkeyconceptssuchasthethree-dimensionaltransformation(linguisticdimension,culturaldimension,andcommunicativedimension).Itarguedforthelegitimacyofeco-translatologyasanindependentdisciplineandpositioneditasaninterdisciplinary“ecologicalresearchparadigm.”Tobetterhighlightitsstatusasanindependentdisciplineandinterdisciplinarynature,HuGengshenpublishedarticlessuchasFromTerminologytoTranslationTheory:The“Translation”and“Theory”ofEco-Translatology(2015)andTheUniquenessandInnovationofEco-Translatology(2017).In2019,Hu’sEnglishmonographEco-Translatology:TowardsaNewEco-paradigmforTranslationStudies(2019)proposedthe“four-life”concept(life,livelihood,living,andlifespan),emphasizingthedynamicbalancebetweentranslatedtextsandecologicalsystems.Thebooksummarizedthedevelopmenthistoryofeco-translatology,respondedtoacademiccontroversies,promoteditsinternationaldissemination,expandedthetheorytoaglobalcontext,andestablisheditsacademicstatusasa“Chineseoriginaltheoryforglobalsharing.”Withnearly20yearsofdevelopment,thetheoreticalframeworkofeco-translatologyhasbasicallytakenshape,butitstillfacescriticisms.ThishaspromptedHutodeeplyexploreChinesetraditionalphilosophicalresourcestoenhancethetheory’spersuasiveness.HeattemptedtointegrateWesternecologicaltheorieswithChinesetraditionalphilosophy,suchasthe“shengsheng”thoughtfromtheZhouYi,toconstructatranslationtheorywithChinesecharacteristics.In2020,hepublishedTheContinuousVitalityofTextualTransplantation:ANewEco-TranslatologicalInterpretationof“TranslationasContinuousGenerationofLife,”(2020)whichnotonlyrespondedtocriticismsbutalsostrengthenedthetheory’soriginalityandculturalroots.In2021,aseco-translatologygraduallygainedattentionintheinternationaltranslationstudiescommunity,HuGengshendedicatedhimselftopromotingitsglobalinfluenceasaChineseoriginaltheory.HisarticleTheoreticalInnovationandInternationalDevelopmentofEco-Translatology(2021)systematicallysortedouttheoreticalinnovationssuchas“translator-centeredness”and“translationecologicalenvironment,”emphasizingthetheory’scross-culturalapplicability.Thepublicationofthisarticlemarkedakeystageforeco-translatologytoshiftfrom“localconstruction”to“internationalexpansion,”reflectingHu’sstrategicvisionforitsinternationalization.Today,eco-translationtheoryhasbecomeoneofthemorematuretranslationtheories.AccordingtoCNKIdata,therearecurrentlyover3,000studiesoneco-translationtheory,withthenumbergraduallyincreasing.Analysesshowthatthesestudiescanberoughlycategorizedintoresearchonculture-loadedterms,subtitletranslation,andliteraryworks,withmostfocusingonliterarytranslation(i.e.,applicationsatthelinguisticdimension).Thereisstillashortageofresearchonsubtitletranslation,whichcentersontheculturaldimension.2.2 StudiesonDocumentarySubtitleTranslation2.2.1 SubtitleTranslationStudiesAbroadResearchonsubtitletranslationabroadhasachievedaleadingposition,evolvingfromaninitialfocusontranslationqualitytoadeepexplorationofitscloseconnectionswithmultiplefactorssuchaspolitics,economy,culture,andideology.ThestudyofsubtitletranslationwasfirstsparkedbyDollerup’s1974publicationOnSubtitlesinTelevisionPrograms(1974).Subsequently,foreignscholarsconcentratedtheirresearchontemporal-spatialconstraintsandsubtitlenorms.In1982,Titford’sSubtitling:ConstrainedTranslation(1982)firstproposedthatsubtitletranslationis“constrainedtranslation,”emphasizingthelimitationsoftimeandspaceontranslatedtexts.In1992,GottliebestablishedsubtitletranslationasanacademicfieldinSubtitling:ANewUniversityDiscipline(1992)andputforwardthe“sixprinciplesofsubtitling.”Inthe1990s,drivenbyglobalization,thecentennialofworldcinema,andtheriseofopticaldiscstoragetechnology,aupsurgeinsubtitletranslationresearchemerged.TheestablishmentoftheEuropeanAssociationforStudiesinScreenTranslation(1995)markedasignificantturningpointinthehistoryofsubtitletranslationresearch.Subtitletranslationhasincreasinglygainedacademicattention,formallybecomingamajorbranchoftranslationstudies,withagrowingnumberoftheoreticalinquiriesandapushtowardsinterdisciplinaryapproaches.Forexample,JorgeDíaz-CintasandAlineRemael’sco-authoredAudio-VisualTranslation:Subtitling(2007)becamethefirstEnglish-languagetextbookonsubtitlingforteachingpurposes.Gottlieb(2009)describedtranslationmodessuchasdubbingandsubtitlinginaudio-visualtranslation,aswellastypeslikeaudiodescriptionandsubtitling,andproposedrelevantsubtitletranslationstrategies.Withtechnologicalinnovationandevolvingtimes,subtitletranslationhasenteredanewstage.Minutella(2014)presentedaseriesofcasestudiesonfilmsandvideogames,illustratingchallengesandsolutionsintranslatingvariouslanguagecombinations,particularlyindubbingandsubtitling.Thesameyear,Pérez-González(2014)exploredsubtitletranslationinaudiovisualtextsfromamultimodalperspective,focusingonnon-linguisticsemioticmodalities.Pedersen(2018)analyzedhowtohandleculturalinformationinsubtitletranslation.BoguckiandDeckert’sco-editedThePalgraveHandbookofAudio-VisualTranslationandMediaAccessibility(2020)compilednumerousacademicarticlesonsubtitletranslation,coveringnewformssuchasSDH,fansubtitling,andlivesubtitling,aswellasemergingtopicslikesubtitlequalityassessment,receptionstudies,and“cloudtranslation”inmediaaccessibilityandsubtitletranslation.RoutledgepublishedtheneweditionofSubtitling:ConceptsandPractices(2021),showcasingmajorchangesinsubtitletranslationsupportedbycloudtechnologyinthenewera.Itcanbeseenthattheperspectivesandthemesofsubtitletranslationresearchhavebecomeincreasinglydiverse,withscholarsnolongerconstrainedbytraditionalcontentandmethods,activelyexploringemergingsubtitletranslationmodels.Today,digitaltechnologicalinnovationsaredrivingthedevelopmentofsubtitletranslation,presentingtrendstowarddiversificationandin-depthinquiry.2.2.2 SubtitleTranslationStudiesatHomeComparedwiththeresearchstatusabroad,domesticstudiesonsubtitletranslationstartedrelativelylate.However,withnewmediaoccupyinganincreasinglylargerroleindailylife,subtitletranslationresearchhasgainedextensiveattentionanddevelopedauniquetrajectory,achievingsignificantprogress.Intheearlystages,Chinesesubtitletranslationprimarilyfocusedontechnicalandtheoreticalaspects.Forexample,ProfessorQianShaochang’sFilmandTelevisionTranslation:AnIncreasinglyImportantFieldintheTranslationGarden(2000)systematicallyproposedtheacademicvalueofaudiovisualtranslationforthefirsttime,identifyingitsthreecorecharacteristics,“immediacy,”“colloquialism,”and“culturalconstraints”,analyzingthedifferencesbetweencinematiclanguageandwrittenlanguage,andsummarizingfivekeyfeaturesofsubtitletranslation.PiaoZhehao’s14YearsofDevelopmentandCurrentStatusofChineseFilmandTelevisionTranslationResearch(1994–2007)revieweddomesticaudiovisualtranslationstudiesandfoundthatearlyresearchpredominantlyfocusedontechnicalaspectsandlinguisticconversion,lackingtheoreticaldepth(2008).Thereafter,domesticsubtitletranslationstudiesshiftedtowardintegratingwithvarioustranslationtheoriestoexploreapplicationstrategiesunderdifferenttheoreticalframeworks.LiMiaoqing’sSubtitleTranslationinaMultimodalContext(2009)discussedsubtitletranslationfromamultimodalperspective,analyzingthemeritsanddemeritsofEnglishsubtitletranslationthroughthelensofthreemetafunctions.GeYajing(2015)exploredsubtitletranslationundertheguidanceofRelevanceTheory,adoptingcorrespondingtranslationstrategiesforfactorssuchasthesourcetextandtranslationcontext.Althoughthesetheoriesdifferedinfocus,theyallreflectedatarget-languageorientationthatprioritizedaudienceviewingexperiencetosomeextent.Subsequently,Chinesescholars’researchenteredaphaseofintegratinglocalizationandglobalization.Intermsoftechnologicalintegration,therapiddevelopmentofdigitaltechnologyhasprofoundlyinfluencedsubtitletranslation.XiaoWeiqing(2012)usedtheSubtitleWorkshopsoftwareasacasestudytoexaminetechnicalapproachestosubtitletranslationpedagogy.MiaoJuandHouQiang(2019)highlightedthepromotionofcloudtechnologyinsubtitletranslationanditssignificancebyreferencingDíaz-Cintas,aleadingscholarinthefield.WangJuan(2020)analyzedempiricalresearchoncognitiveprocessesinforeignsubtitletranslation.MaZhengqiandLiYan(2021)analyzedthecausesofchallengesinChinesefilmsubtitletranslationanddisseminationfrommultipleperspectives,emphasizingtheimportanceofreformingforeignlanguagetranslationconceptstoaddresssubtitletranslationissues.Today,subtitletranslationhasbecomeacrucialmeansof“tellingChina’sstorywell”totheworld.InChina,itisahighlyregardedresearchfieldindomesticliterature,coveringtopicssuchastranslationstrategies,culturaldifferencemanagement,theoreticalmethodologies,andtechnologicalapplications.However,apersistentissueisthetendencytowardcasestudy-centeredresearch,whilethishasshownsignsofimprovementinrecentyears,itstilldoesnotfullybridgeresearchgaps.Therefore,thereisaneedforexploratoryresearchonsubtitletranslationtohelpmoreexcellentChineseculturalproductsreachtheglobalstage.3 TheoreticalFramework3.1 Translationasadaptationandselection“Translationasadaptationandselection”servesasthecorephilosophyofeco-translationtheory,whosecentraltenetemphasizesthattranslationisaprocessinwhichtranslatorscontinuouslyadapttoandmakechoiceswithinaspecific“translationecologicalenvironment,”highlightingtranslatorsubjectivityandthedynamicbalanceoftranslation.“Adaptation”manifestsastranslators’needtoproactivelyadapttoallelementsofthetranslationecologicalenvironment,includinglinguisticcontexts,culturalenvironments,andsocialdemands,constantlyadjustingstrategiestomeetrequirementsatdifferentlevels.“Selection”impliesthatonthebasisofadaptingtotheecologicalenvironment,translatorsmustmakechoicesregardinglinguistic,cultural,andcommunicativestrategies,aswellasadheretotheprincipleof“survivalofthefittest.”Asearlyasthe1990s,inspiredbyDarwin’stheoryof“naturalselection,”HuGengshenbegantofocusonthephenomenonof“adaptation”inthetranslationprocess,attemptingtoexplaintranslationactivitiesfromanecologicalperspective.Heproposedthattranslationisnotmerelyalinguisticconversionbutalsoaninteractiveprocessbetweentranslatorsandtheirenvironment.In2001,HuGengshenpublishedthepaperTheConceptualFrameworkofTranslationasAdaptationandSelection(2001),whichfirstintroducedtheconceptsof“adaptation”and“selection”frombiologyintotranslationstudies.Hearguedthattranslationisaprocessinwhichtranslatorsadapttothe“translationecologicalenvironment”andmakeoptimalchoices.Hepositedthatthetranslationecologicalenvironmentencompassesmultipledimensionssuchaslanguage,culture,andcommunication,requiringtranslatorstoachievedynamicbalancewithinit,both“adapting”tothecoreelementsofthesource-languageecologyand“selecting”translationstrategiesthatalignwiththeneedsofthetarget-languageecology.Thisperspectivebrokethroughthetext-centrismoftraditionaltranslationtheoriesandestablishedaresearchparadigmcenteredonthetranslatorasthesubject.In2004,HuGengshensystematicallyexpoundedthe“adaptationandselection”theoryinhismonographTranslationasAdaptationandSelection(2004),proposingtheprincipleof“translator-centeredness”andemphasizingthetranslator’ssubjectiveinitiativeinthetranslationprocess.Hedividedthetranslationprocessintotwostages:“adaptation”and“selection,”providinganewmethodologicalperspectiveofbiologyfortranslationstudies.Theconceptofeco-translatologywasformallyproposedin2008,andin2013,HuGengshenpublishedEco-Translatology:ConstructionandInterpretation(2013),furtherrefiningthetheoreticalframework.Heemphasizedthe“holism”and“dynamicbalance”oftranslationandproposedthe“translator-centeredtheory,”highlightingtranslatorsubjectivity.In2016,WangHongpublishedInterdisciplinaryDialogueBetweenEco-TranslatologyandCognitiveLinguistics(2016),introducingthe“conceptualintegrationtheory”ofcognitivelinguisticsandproposingtheconceptof“translatorcognitiveniche.”Shearguedthatthetranslator’scognitivestructureitselfconstitutesanimportantpartofthetranslationecology,andtheirknowledgereserveandculturalbackgroundinfluencethedecision-makingprocessof“adaptationandselection.”ThisrevisedthesingleemphasisontranslatorsubjectivityinHuGengshen’stheoryandaddedmicro-levelcognitiveanalysis.In2019,LiHongmeipublishedAStudyontheEngli