2026年江苏省南京玄武外国语学校中考英语模拟试卷（三）（含答案）

/2026年中考英语综合模拟试卷（三）选择题（共40分）一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）ATheStraitofHormuz(霍尔木兹海峡)isanarrowbutveryimportantwaterway.ItliesbetweenIran(伊朗)andOman(阿曼),andisonlyabout____1____atitsnarrowestpoint.ItistheonlysearoutethatconnectsthePersianGulf(波斯湾)totheIndianOcean,makingitakeypath____2____worldtrade.Thisstraitisoftencalledtheworld’smostimportant“energythroat.”Itcarriesover20%oftheworld’soilthatmovesbysea,____3____alotofnaturalgas.TheseresourcesmainlygotocountriesinAsiaandEurope,helpingtoruntheirindustriesandhomes.Becauseitissonarrowandbusy,keepingitopenandsafeisveryimportantfortheworld’senergysupply.Recently,problemsintheareahaveshownhoweasilythingscanchange.Whentensionsrise,fewershipsdaretopassthrough.Withfewerships,theglobalsupplyofoilandgasgoes____4____.Thisleadstohigherenergypricesaroundtheworld,whichmeanspeoplepaymoreforelectricityandfuel.Expertssaythatifthestraitfacesabigproblem,itcouldcauseseriousenergyshortagesformanycountries.Inshort,theStraitofHormuzmakesabigdifferencetotheworld’senergy.Whathappensthereaffectstheglobaleconomy,____5____usjusthowspecialandimportantthisnarrowwaterwayis.1.A.33kilometers’wide B.33-kilometerwide C.33kilometersinwidth D.33-kilometerinwidth2.A.for B.as C.to D.forward3.A.aswellas B.asgoodas C.asmuchas D.aslongas4.A.on B.off C.down D.up5.A.shows B.isshowing C.showing D.haveshown【正确答案】1.C2.A3.A4.C5.C【导语】本文介绍了霍尔木兹海峡的地理位置、作为“能源咽喉”的重要性，以及其对全球能源供应和经济的影响。【1题详解】句意：它位于伊朗和阿曼之间，最窄处的宽度仅约33公里。33kilometers’wide表达结构错误；33-kilometerwide复合形容词用法不规范；33-kilometerinwidth结构错误；33kilometersinwidth是描述宽度的标准正确表达，符合语法和语境。【2题详解】句意：它是连接波斯湾与印度洋的唯一海上通道，使其成为国际贸易的关键通道。for用于表示对象和用途，akeypathforworldtrade表示“国际贸易的关键通道”；as（作为）、to（朝向）、forward（向前）均不符合此处搭配。【3题详解】句意：它承载了全球超过20%的海上石油运输，以及大量天然气。aswellas表示“以及、和”，用于连接并列的oil和naturalgas，符合语境；asgoodas（几乎和……一样）、asmuchas（多达）、aslongas（只要）均不符合此处并列逻辑。【4题详解】句意：随着通行船只减少，全球油气供应下降。根据上下文逻辑，通过海峡的船只减少会导致油气供应下降，因此用goesdown（下降）；goeson（继续）、goesoff（离开/变质）、goesup（上升）均与后文“价格上涨”的逻辑矛盾。【5题详解】句意：那里发生的事情影响着全球经济，向我们展示了这条狭窄水道是多么特殊和重要。此处用现在分词showing作伴随状语，表示主句动作同时伴随的结果，符合语法结构。BAccordingtoarecentreportfromtheUN,theworld’spopulationcontinues____6____.Itcanreach8.9billioninthefuture.Butduringthepast10yearsorso,alargerapiddrop(下降)intheworld’sbirthrate(出生率)hastakenplace.Familiesaresmallernowthan____7____theywereafewyearsago.It’shappeninginbothdevelopinganddevelopedcountries.Chinahasalreadycutitsrateofpopulationgrowthbyalmostonehalfsincethe1970s.MostChinesefamilieswereallowedtohave____8____onechild.Andthehopewas____9____azeropopulationgrowthrateby2035.SeveralcountriesinEuropealreadyhaveanegative(负)growthrate.Expertssaidthatthesecountrieswouldnothaveenoughworkersinthefuture,andthepeoplewhowereworkingwouldfacemuch____10____taxes(税)tosupportthegrowingretirees(退休人员).6.A.grow B.togrow C.growing D.grown7.A.what B.how C.that D.不填8.A.nolessthan B.atleast C.atbest D.nomorethan9.A.reach B.reaching C.toreach D.forreaching10.A.big B.bigger C.high D.higher【正确答案】6.B7.D8.D9.C10.D【导语】本文主要讲述了根据联合国最新报告，世界人口持续增长，但近十年来全球出生率却大幅下降，家庭规模变小，中国和部分欧洲国家面临人口增长放缓甚至负增长的挑战，并由此带来税收压力等问题。【6题详解】句意：根据联合国最新报告，世界人口持续增长。continuetodosth.“持续做某事”，固定搭配，表示继续做另一件事。togrow“增长”符合语境，grow为原形不能直接跟在continue后，growing（continuedoing强调同一动作的延续，此处不如togrow贴切），grown为过去分词语义不通。【7题详解】句意：现在的家庭比几年前更小了。thantheywereafewyearsago是比较状语从句，句子结构完整，than在从句中作表语（theyweresmall），不需要再加连接词，不填符合语境。what、how、that均多余。【8题详解】句意：大多数中国家庭被允许只生一个孩子。上文“cutitsrateofpopulationgrowthbyalmostonehalf”表明中国严格控制生育，nomorethan“仅仅、只有”符合语境，nolessthan“不少于”、atleast“至少”和atbest“充其量”均与控制生育的语境不符。【9题详解】句意：希望到2035年能达到零人口增长率。thehopewastodosth.“希望是做某事”，不定式作表语表示目的或期望，toreach“达到”符合语境，reach为原形不能直接作表语，reaching和forreaching语法不通。【10题详解】句意：在岗的人将面临更高的税收来供养不断增加的退休人员。much修饰比较级，形容税收高低应用high/low，high的比较级higher“更高的”符合语境，big“大的”不用于修饰税收。CTheJiangsuFootballCityLeague,alsocalledSuChao,hasbecomeabighitontheChineseInternet.Manyinterestingsloganslike“Nocheating,justrealrivalries”and“Gamefirst,friendshipfourteenth”showhow____11____!OrganizedbytheJiangsusportsdepartmentand13citygovernments,theleagueencourageseveryonetojoinandplayfortheircity’shonor.ItstartedonMay10andwillendonNov2.Thereare516playersfrom13teams,includingstudents,professional(专业的)players,andmanyamateurs(业余爱好者)aged16to40.Matchesmostlyhappenonweekends,withoneroundeachweek.Somecities____12____freethingsforattractingvisitingfans.Forexample,Suqiangivesfreeticketstotouristspotsandlocalsnacks.ReporterWutalkedaboutwhythisleagueisdifferent.HesaidthatinChina,peopleusuallycopybigleaguesfromothercountries.ButJiangsudid____13____.John:HaveyouheardthatTengShuaiscoredmultiplegoalsinthegame?Peter:It’snotsurprising.____14____Hehasworkedhardatittheseyears.“Here,playersarenotfamousstarsgettingpaidalotofmoney.They’rejustcommonpeopleyou____15____know.Thefansaren’tjuststrangers—they’reyourfamily,friends,andneighbors.Thesoccerfieldisn’tjustforprofessionalplayers—it’saplacewhereeveryonefeelswelcome.”Wuexplained.“Thisleagueisn’taboutbeingthebestintheworld.It’saboutgettingasmanylocalpeopleinvolved(参与的)aspossible.Andthat’sevenbetterbecauseitmakessoccerapartofdailylife.Now,eachcitywillhaveitsownspecialsoccerstoriestoremember.”11.A.apowerfulmatch B.apowerfulmatchitis C.thematchispowerful D.powerfulthematchis12.A.provide B.give C.offer D.present13.A.newsomething B.somethingnew C.newanything D.anythingnew14.A.Nopain,nogain. B.Everydoghasitsday. C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Manyhandsmakelightwork.15.A.can B.shouldC.would D.might【正确答案】11.D12.C13.B14.A15.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了江苏足球城市联赛（苏超）的背景、特点、运营模式，以及它区别于其他赛事的创新之处与社会意义，展现了这项全民参与的草根足球赛事的独特魅力。【11题详解】句意：“不搞假球，只拼真对抗”和“比赛第一，友谊第十四”等许多有趣的口号，都展现了这场比赛多么精彩激烈！how引导的感叹句结构为“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”。D选项符合“powerful(adj)+thematch(主)+is(谓)”的语序。【12题详解】句意：一些城市会提供免费物品来吸引来访的球迷。offer更贴合“主动提供福利来吸引球迷”的语境，且符合“offersth.”的结构，这里的for表目的“为了”，后面直接跟动词attracting，不符合“providesth.forsb.”的结构；give“给”；present“呈现”均不合语境。【13题详解】句意：但江苏做了一些新的事情。形容词修饰不定代词something/anything时需后置。肯定句中用something。故“somethingnew”符合语法和句意。【14题详解】句意：这不令人惊讶。一分耕耘，一分收获。他这些年一直很努力。Nopain,nogain.意为“一分耕耘，一分收获。”，符合“努力训练后进球”的语境。Everydoghasitsday.“人人皆有得意时。/风水轮流转。”、Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.“事实胜于雄辩。”、Manyhandsmakelightwork.“众人拾柴火焰高。”均不符合语境。【15题详解】句意：他们只是你可能认识的普通人。might意为“可能”，符合原文的推测语气。can“能够”、should“应该”、would“将要”均不合语境。二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）ZhangXueisakeyfigureinChina’smotorcycleindustry.HefoundedZXMOTO,aChinesemotorcyclebrandthatmadehistoryin2026bywinningtwo____16____racesattheWorldSuperbikeChampionship(WSBK)inPortugal.Hisjourneyisatrueunderdogstory.Bornin1987inapoormountainvillageinHunanProvince,Zhang____17____schoolat14andworkedasarepairshopapprentice(学徒).Helearnedenginesbytakingthemapartwithhisownhands.At19,eagerto____18____himself,hechasedaTVcrew’scarforover100kilometers____19____pouringrainonabrokenmotorcycle.____20____thecrewlaughedathim,hiscourageearnedhimaspotonTV.Thatledtoajobasariderandmechanic.Realizinghestartedracing____21____latetobecomeachampionrider,Zhangchangedhisgoal,“IfIcannotridethefastestbike,Iwill____22____one.”In2013,hearrivedinChongqingwithonly20,000yuan(about2,900USD),boughtparts,andbuilthisfirstbike.In2017heco‑foundedKoveMoto,whichgrewintoamajorbrand.Butin2024,afterpartingwayswithKove,hestartedZXMOTO—hisowncompany,namedafterhisname.Zhang’syearsof____23____tomotorcycleengineeringhasfinallybornefruit.InMarch2026,FrenchriderValentinDebiserodetheZXMOTO820RR‑RStotwowinsatWSBKcontinuously,beatingDucatiandYamahaby____24____fourseconds—thefirsteverracewinsforaChinesemanufacturer.Watchingfromthesidelines,Zhangwasmovedtotears.Today,ZXMOTOisvaluedatoveronebillionyuan.Zhangoncesaid,“Theworldhadno____25____ofChinesemotorcycles.Nowtheywillrememberus.”Hisstory—fromamotorcycleapprenticetoapioneerofChinesemotorsports—provesthatpassionandpersistencecanmovemountains.16.A.similar B.simple C.straight D.strange17.A.wentawayfrom B.droppedoutof C.felloff D.leftfor18.A.teach B.manage C.beat D.prove19.A.with B.through C.under D.against20.A.Although B.Because C.If D.Since21.A.so B.too C.very D.quite22.A.build B.improve C.buy D.change23.A.love B.donation C.devotion D.decision24.A.over B.mostly C.hardly D.nearly25.A.knowledge B.information C.impression D.introduction【正确答案】16.C17.B18.D19.B20.A21.B22.A23.C24.D25.C【导语】本文讲述张雪从贫困学徒到创立ZXMOTO品牌，并在2026年世锦赛夺冠的励志故事，体现了坚持与热爱能创造奇迹。【16题详解】句意：他创立的中国摩托车品牌ZXMOTO在2026年创造了历史，在葡萄牙世界超级摩托车锦标赛上赢得了两场连续比赛。根据后文“rodetheZXMOTO820RR-RStotwowinsatWSBKcontinuously”，此处表示“连续的”比赛胜利，straight符合语境；similar“相似的”、simple“简单的”、strange“奇怪的”均不符合语境。【17题详解】句意：1987年出生于湖南省一个贫困山村，张在14岁时辍学，在一家修理店当学徒。“workedasarepairshopapprentice”表明张辍学，dropoutofschool是固定搭配，表示“辍学”，符合语境；wentawayfrom“离开”、felloff“掉落”、leftfor“动身前往”均不符合语境。【18题详解】句意：19岁时，他渴望证明自己，在倾盆大雨中骑着一辆破摩托车追了摄制组的车100多公里。他追摄制组的车是为了证明自己，prove符合语境；teach“教”、manage“管理”、beat“打败”均不符合语境。【19题详解】句意：19岁时，他渴望证明自己，在倾盆大雨中骑着一辆破摩托车追了摄制组的车100多公里。throughpouringrain表示“在倾盆大雨中”，符合语境；with“和……一起”、under“在……下面”、against“反对”均不符合语境。【20题详解】句意：虽然摄制组嘲笑他，但他的勇气为他赢得了上镜的机会。前后句为转折关系，Although符合逻辑；Because“因为”、If“如果”、Since“自从”均不符合语境。【21题详解】句意：意识到自己开始赛车太晚，无法成为冠军车手，张改变了目标。固定搭配too…to…表示“太……而不能……”，符合语境；so“所以”、very“非常”、quite“相当”均无法构成该搭配。【22题详解】句意：“如果我不能骑最快的摩托车，我就造一辆。”后文提到他自己制造摩托车，build符合语境；improve“改进”、buy“买”、change“改变”均不符合语境。【23题详解】句意：张多年来对摩托车工程的投入终于有了回报。devotionto…表示“对……的投入/奉献”，符合语境；love“爱”、donation“捐赠”、decision“决定”均不符合语境。【24题详解】句意：2026年3月，法国车手瓦伦丁・德比斯骑着ZXMOTO820RR-RS连续赢得两场比赛，比杜卡迪和雅马哈快了近四秒，创下中国车企品牌在该项赛事史上首次夺冠的纪录。此处表示“将近、几乎”四秒，nearly符合语境；over“超过”、mostly“主要地”、hardly“几乎不”均不符合语境。【25题详解】句意：世界对中国摩托车没有印象。“Nowtheywillrememberus.”表明此处指世界对中国摩托车没有印象，固定搭配havenoimpressionof…表示“对……没有印象”，符合语境；knowledge“知识”、information“信息”、introduction“介绍”均不符合语境。三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）AHAMBURGERSbythe▲Although“hamburger”hasaGermanname,itactuallystartedintheU.S.Aandisnowpopularallovertheworld.Themostbasichamburgeristwobunswithapieceofbeefandsomelettuceandsauceinthemiddle,butahamburgercanhavemanyotherthingsaswell.InChina,youcaneatalldifferentkindsofburgers.¥5,000isthepriceofthemostexpensivehamburgeryoucanbuytoday.Itweighsover350kilograms!ofallthesandwichesthatAmericansbuyarehamburgers.ofallthebeefthatU.S.restaurantssellisforhamburgers.ofallU.S.restaurantsarehamburgerrestaurants.26.Whatcouldthemissingwordinthetitleprobablybe?A.Stories. B.Types. C.Facts. D.Numbers.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthearticle?A.Hamburgersareinfactakindofsandwich.B.Themostexpensivehamburgerwas5000dollars.C.MostrestaurantsinAmericaarehamburgerones.D.Theworld’sfirsthamburgerwasinventedinGermany.28.WhichonecouldbeapartofthemenuforthefirstMcDonald’sdrive-inself-servicerestaurant?A. B. C. D.【正确答案】26.D27.A28.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了汉堡包的起源、发展历程及相关数据。【26题详解】文章以大量年份、百分比、价格、重量等数字为核心载体介绍汉堡包，标题“Hamburgersbythenumbers”意为“用数字看汉堡包”。【27题详解】文中明确汉堡包起源于美国，排除D；最贵汉堡价格为5000元人民币而非美元，排除B；仅7.5%的美国餐厅是汉堡餐厅，并非大多数，排除C；“ofallthesandwichesthatAmericansbuyarehamburgers”直接证明汉堡包属于三明治，因此选A。【28题详解】文中提到“McDonald’srestaurantreopensasaself-servicedrive-inrestaurant.Itonlysellssevenitems:hamburger,cheeseburger,softdrinks,milk,coffee,potatochipsandasliceofpie”，可知当时的麦当劳菜单仅包含汉堡、芝士汉堡、软饮、牛奶、咖啡、薯片和派，选项B包含Hamburger、Chips（薯片）、Pie（派），与原文完全匹配。B“Theredwallsandgreentiles(瓦)seteachotheroffbeautifully.It’ssoBeijing,”saida33-year-oldBeijingpersonwiththefamilynameofLin.Linandher14-year-oldcousinwereenjoyingacitywalkalongtheBeijingCentralAxis(中轴线).Onthiswalk,theysawmostoftheoldbuildingsofBeijing,liketheForbiddenCityandtheBellandDrumTowers.Sincetheshow“GloryIsBack!Beijing(《登场了!北京中轴线》)”wason,moreandmorepeoplehavebecomeinterestedintheCentralAxis.Someeventravelonfoottoknowitbetterthemselves.DatingbacktotheYuanDynasty(1271-1368),the7.8-kilometre-longBeijingCentralAxisconnectedroyal(皇家)palacesandmarketplacesforcommonpeopleinthepast.Thoughtimechangesmanythings,theCentralAxishasleftaspecialfeelingwithmanyChinesepeople.ChineseprofessorLyuZhousaidthatwhenhewalkedaroundtheBellandDrumTowers,hecouldfindpeaceinthebusycitylife.AtasquarebetweentheBellTowerandtheDrumTower,youcanseepeoplerelaxing,cyclingandplayinggamesandevencelebratinglifeevents.“Thiswasoneofourmeetingplaceswhenwewentondates(约会).Youcouldsaythatthetowershaveseenourlovegrow,”saidayoungcouplewhoweretakingweddingphotosundertheBellandDrumTowers.AnumberofvisitorsfromotherpartsoftheworldhavebeenamazedbytheBeijingCentralAxistoo.ThetravellerMarcoPolo(1254-1324),forexample,wroteaboutwhathesawalongtheCentralAxisbackintheYuandynastyin“TheTravelsofMarcoPolo”.“Upanddownthecitytherearebeautifulpalaces...,andfinehousesingreatnumbers.”AndOswaldSirén(1879-1966)fromSwedentookmanyphotosinBeijingbackinthelate19thandearly20thcenturies.TheseWesternrecordshavegivenpeoplearoundtheworldatasteofitshistory.29.Whatdoes“It’ssoBeijing”inParagraph1mean?A.It’sthesameasBeijing. B.It’smuchofBeijingstyle.C.It’sinthemiddleofBeijing. D.It’sthemostbeautifulinBeijing.30.HowdoestheyoungcoupleprobablyfeelabouttheCentralAxisaccordingtotheirwords?A.Confident. B.Thankful. C.Worried. D.Sorry.31.WhatmadeMarcoPolofeelsurprised?A.Therelaxinglife. B.ThehistoryoftheYuanDynasty.C.PeoplearoundBeijing. D.BeautifulbuildingsinancientBeijing.32.What’sthepurposeinwritingthelastparagraph?A.TocallonustorememberChinesehistory.B.TodescribethebeautyoftheBellandDrumTowers.C.ToshowthattheCentralAxishaslongbeenknownaroundtheworld.D.ToaskforeignerstolearnmoreaboutthehistoryofBeijing.【正确答案】29.B30.B31.D32.C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍北京中轴线的历史、风貌与文化魅力，讲述市民与游客在此的体验，并通过中外记载展现其长久以来的国内外影响力。【29题详解】第一段提到“Theredwallsandgreentiles(瓦)seteachotheroffbeautifully.It’ssoBeijing,”这直接说明红墙绿瓦极具北京特色，是典型的北京风格。【30题详解】第五段情侣的话语提到“Thiswasoneofourmeetingplaceswhenwewentondates(约会).Youcouldsaythatthetowershaveseenourlovegrow,”体现出他们对中轴线充满感激之情，因为这里见证了他们的爱情成长。【31题详解】第六段提到“Upanddownthecitytherearebeautifulpalaces...,andfinehousesingreatnumbers.”说明马可・波罗对古北京精美的宫殿与建筑感到惊叹。【32题详解】最后一段提到马可・波罗与瑞典学者对北京中轴线的记录，表明“TheseWesternrecordshavegivenpeoplearoundtheworldatasteofitshistory.”这说明中轴线早已被世界知晓，展现其国际影响力。CImagineyoujustfinishedahardhiketothetopofamountain.Theviewofthecitybelowisbeautiful,andyouwanttotakeaphoto.Butit’salreadyquitedark,andyou’renotsureyou’llgetagoodshot.Luckily,yourphonehasanAInightmode.Itcantakegreatphotosevenaftersunset.Here’ssomethingyoumaynotknow:thatnightmodemayhavebeentrainedoncomputer-madenighttimeimages—scenesthatwereneveractuallyphotographed.Thiskindofdataiscalledsyntheticdata.Whyusesyntheticdata?AIresearchersuseupalltherealdataontheinternet,sotheyturntosyntheticdata.Butthiscreatesaproblem.Inscience,makingupdataisaverybadthing.Sohowcancomputer-madedatabegood?Isitjustanicewordforlying?Asaresearcher,Ithinkitcomesdowntowhyyoudoitandhowopenyouareaboutit.Syntheticdataisusuallynotmadetocheat.Infact,usingitcanbetherightthingtodo.Forexample,showingrealpeople’sfacescanviolateprivacy,butcomputer-madefacesofferthesamebenefitswithoutthatrisk.Thereareotherreasons.Somethingsaresorarethatthereisn’tenoughrealdata.Insteadoflettingthisbecomeabigproblem,researcherscreatethosesituationswithcomputers.Also,collectingrealdatacanbecostlyordangerous.Imaginecollectingdataforaself-drivingcarduringastorm.It’smucheasierandsafertocreatesuchdatawithcomputers.Howissyntheticdatamade?Researcherscreatesyntheticdataintwomainways.Onemethodusesphysics-basedmodels—forexample,usingthelawsoflighttoshowhowascenewouldlook.TheothermethodusesAIthatlearnsfromrealdataandthencreatesnew,realistictext,images,andvideos.Issyntheticdataperfect?Syntheticdataisnotperfect.Itisonlyasgoodasthemodelitcomesfrom.Researchershavetobecarefulaboutbiases—unfairpatternsinthedata.Itisalsoimportanttoknowthedifferencebetweencomputer-madedataandtherealworld.SyntheticdataisgreatfortrainingAI,butthefinalsystemshouldbetestedwithrealdatabeforeitisused.AIsystemslearnbyfindingpatterns,buttheycannottellwhatisrealortrue.Thedesirefortruthbelongstopeople,notmachines.SonexttimeyouuseacoolAIfeature,remember:syntheticdatamayhavehelpedtrainit.Butrealityisstillthefinaljudgeofwhatwecreate.33.Whydoesthewriterbeginthepassagewiththeexampleoftakingaphotoonadarkmountaintop?A.ToexplainhowAInightmodeworksindetail.B.Toshowthathikingisapopularoutdooractivity.C.ToleadintothetopicofsyntheticdatausedinAItraining.D.Toprovethatphonecamerasarebetterthanprofessionalones.34.Whatissyntheticdataaccordingtothepassage?A.InformationisstoredinAInightmodes. B.Datacollectedfromreal-lifesituations.C.Man-madedatawasusedtotrainAIsystems. D.Realphotostakenbyphonesindarkplaces.35.Howdoesthewritermainlysupporthisopinionaboutsyntheticdata?A.Byarguingrealdataisbad. B.Byshowingitsusesandlimits.C.BylistingAImodelsusingit. D.Bycomparingitwithrealdata.36.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhyAIWillSoonReplaceHumanJudgmentB.ThePrivacyProblemsofUsingRealFaceDataC.HowAINightModeHelpsYouTakePhotosintheDarkD.SyntheticDataIsUsefulbutStillNeedsReal-WorldChecks【正确答案】33.C34.C35.B36.D【导语】本文主要介绍了什么是“合成数据”，为什么要使用它，以及它目前存在的局限性，旨在让读者客观认识这一人工智能领域的关键训练技术。【33题详解】第一段描述了在黑暗山顶拍照的场景，第二段紧接着指出：“Thiskindofdataiscalledsyntheticdata.”。作者利用生活中常见的手机AI夜间拍照功能作为切入点，是为了引出下文关于“合成数据”及其在AI训练中应用的话题。【34题详解】第二段对该术语进行了定义：“…computer-madenighttimeimages—scenesthatwereneveractuallyphotographed.Thiskindofdataiscalledsyntheticdata.”。这明确说明合成数据是由计算机生成的、用于训练AI系统的非真实拍摄数据。【35题详解】文章在“Whyusesyntheticdata?”部分介绍了其在隐私保护、稀有数据模拟和安全性方面的优势，在“Issyntheticdataperfect?”部分则指出了其偏见和局限性。通过展示其用途和局限，作者全面地支持了自己对合成数据的观点。【36题详解】文章大部分篇幅在讨论合成数据的必要性，但第七段强调：“Syntheticdataisnotperfect…thefinalsystemshouldbetestedwithrealdatabeforeitisused.”。选项D“合成数据很有用但仍需现实检验”精准且高度概括了文章既肯定价值又指出不足的中心思想。DWhenwinterarrived,theporcupine(豪猪)lookedforsomewhereniceandwarmtolive.Heranintothewoods,lookingaroundforaplace.First,becametoafallentreetrunk.“Thislookslikeasuitableplace!”hesaid,spyingaholeinitsside.Butwhenhepokedhishead(探头)in,heheard“Youcan’tstayhere.It’sourhome,andbreakfastlunchanddinner!”saidhundredsoftinytermites(白蚁).Theporcupineapologizedandbackedaway.“NowwherecanIgo?”hewondered.Thenhefoundaceunderathickbushthatseemedtobeprotectedfromthewind,sohetriedcrawling(爬)inthere.“Hey!”hissedthelynx(猞猁),showinghersharppaws.“Thisismyplace,anddon’tyouforgetit!”Theporcupinewentawayinahurry-hedidn’twantanytrouble.Thepoorporcupinewasreallygettingworried,“ImightfreezeifIdon’tfindsomewheretostaysoon!”hesaid,histeethchattering.Asnakeoverheardtheporcupineandfeltsorryforhim.Shepokedherheadoutofherholeandsaid.“Wouldyouliketostayinherewithme?Myburrow(洞穴)isquitesmall,butI’msurewecanbothfit!”Theporcupinewaseversothankful!Hepushedhiswayintothesnake’snarrowhome.“Thisissonice!”hesaid.“Howkindofyoutoletmein!”However,whenthesnaketriedtogettosleep.shefounditimpossibletogetintoacomfortableposition.Twistandturnasshemight,shewasalwaysgettinghurtbytheporcupine’sspines(刺)...“Canyoumoveoverabit?”sheasked.Theporcupinetried,butitdidn’thelp!Theybothspentanuneasynightinthelittleburrowandhardlysleptatall!“Ireallywantedtohelpthepoorporcupine,”thesnakethought,“butIwishI’dneverinvitedhimin.”Theporcupinewasfeelingjustasupset.Whenmorningcame,heclearedhisthroatandsaid.“I’msorrythatthingsaresouncomfortable,especiallyasyouhavebeensokind.IthinkIhaveanidea,ifyouagree!”Thesnakewasstillpainfulandtiredfromhersleeplessnight,soshejustnodded.Withhispaws,theporcupinebeganscratching(创)atthehole’swalls.Asthesnakewatchedinwonder,theporcupinedugoutanextraroomthatwasjusttherightsizeforhim.“Thereyouare!”hesaidinasatisfiedvoice.“Nowthereisplentyofroomforbothofus!”Thesnakeandtheporcupinesharedthatburrowallwinter.Itwaswarmerwiththetwooftheminit,andtherewasenoughceforbothanimalstosleepcomfortably.Thesnakeenjoyedthestorestheporcupinetoldandtheporcupinewasimpressedbythesnake’sskillsatfindingfood.Theirunlikelyfriendshipmadewinterlesslonelyforbothofthem.“I’mgladIletyouin!”thesnakehissed.“It’sreallynicetosharemyhome!”37.Howmanytimeshadtheporcupinetriedbeforebeinginvitedbythesnake?A.Once. B.Twice. C.Threetimes. D.Fourtimes.38.Howdidthesnake’sfeelingschange?A.scared→helpless→curious B.interested→nervous→calmC.worried→thankful→pleased D.sorry→uncomfortable→happy39.Whichsentenceinthestoryshowstheporcupine’sreturnforthesnake’skindness?A.Hepushedhiswayintothesnakesnarrowhome.B.Heranintothewoods,lookingaroundforaplace.C.Theporcupinewentawayinahurry—hedidn’twantanytrouble.D.Withhispaws,theporcupinebeganscratchingattheholeswalls.40.Thesnakeandtheporcupinecanbothstaysafeandwarmduringwinter.HowisthislikepeopleandAIworkingtogethertodayaccordingtothestory?A.Theycompetewitheachotherindailylives.B.Theysharewhattheyhavetohelpeachother.C.Theylearnfromeachothertosolveproblems.D.Theycollectinformationtomakegooddecisions.【正确答案】37.B38.D39.D40.B【导语】本文主要讲述了一只豪猪在冬天寻找温暖住所的故事。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据“Whenwinterarrived,theporcupine(豪猪)lookedforsomewhereniceandwarmtolive.First,hecametoafallentreetrunk...Thenhefoundaceunderathickbush...”可知，豪猪在被蛇邀请前尝试了树干和灌木丛两处地方。故选B。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据“Asnakeoverheardtheporcupineandfeltsorryforhim...However,whenthesnaketriedtogettosleep,shefounditimpossibletogetintoacomfortableposition...”和“‘I’mgladIletyouin!’thesnakehissed.”可知，蛇最初感到抱歉，后来因为豪猪的刺而感到不舒服，最后因为共同分享洞穴而感到高兴。所以蛇的情感变化是sorry→uncomfortable→happy。故选D。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据“Withhispaws,theporcupinebeganscratching(创)atthehole’swalls...dugoutanextraroomthatwasjusttherightsizeforhim.”可知，此句体现豪猪通过挖洞扩建回报蛇的善意。故选D。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据“Thesnakeandtheporcupinesharedthatburrowallwinter...Thesnakeenjoyedthestores...theporcupinewasimpressedbythesnake’sskillsatfindingfood.”可知，两者通过分享住所和各自优势互助，类似人类与AI共享资源、互相帮助。故选B。非选择题（共50分）四、填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）A.汉语提示填空(每空1词)WhentalkingaboutChineseliterature(文学作品),JourneytotheWestisoftenatthetopofpeople’slists.Itisaclassicalnovelthatwaswritteninthe16thcenturybyWuCheng’en.ItisoneofthefourgreatestnovelsofChinese____41____(文学).JourneytotheWestnotonlyopensworldsof____42____(想象力)forpeople,butalsohelpsthemfindtheirinnerhero.ManychildrenliketheMonkeyKing.Heisa____43____(勇敢的)characterwhobeatsthemonstersandhelpsTangSengthrougheighty-onedifficulties.In1942,thebookwas____44____(翻译)intoEnglishbytheBritishwriterArthurWaley.Sincethen,thestoryhasbecome____45____(受欢迎的)inWesterncountriesandaroundtheworld.【正确答案】41.literature42.imagination43.brave44.translated45.popular【导语】本文介绍了中国古典文学名著《西游记》，这部小说写于16世纪，是中国四大文学名著之一，1942年，这本书由英国作家亚瑟·韦利翻译成英文，从此在西方国家及世界各地流行起来。【41题详解】句意：它是中国四大文学名著之一。根据所给汉语意思“文学”，对应名词“literature”，在此处表示“文学”这一抽象概念，为不可数名词，故用原形“literature”。【42题详解】句意：《西游记》不仅为人们打开了想象的世界……。根据所给汉语意思“想象力”，对应名词“imagination”，在此处表示“想象力”这一抽象概念，为不可数名词，故用原形“imagination”。【43题详解】句意：他是一个勇敢的角色，打败妖怪并帮助唐僧经历了九九八十一难。根据所给汉语意思“勇敢的”，需填形容词“brave”。【44题详解】句意：1942年，这本书被英国作家亚瑟·韦利翻译成了英文。根据所给汉语意思“翻译”，需填动词“translated”；根据文意，“书”与“翻译”之间为被动关系，且描述过去的事情，需用一般过去时的被动语态“wastranslated”，故填“translated”。【45题详解】句意：从那以后，这个故事在西方国家及世界各地流行起来。根据所给汉语意思“受欢迎的”，需填形容词“popular”。B.语法填空(用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空)Youshouldalwayspayattentiontoyourhunger.Hungerhasmanydifferentcauses,accordingtoDr.MoniqueTello,fromHarvardMedicalSchool.Thefirstcausemaybeamedicalproblem.“Ifapersonalwaysfeelshungryandcan’tputonweightoreven____46____(lose)weight,heshouldgotothehospital.ForpeoplewithTypeIdiabetes,theirbodyisn’tabletoprocesssugar.Theyeatalot,butstillloseweightandtheyfeelterrible,”Tellosaid.Ifitisn’tamedicalcause,theproblemcouldbeinthehead.It’sreasonabletobehungryeverythreetofivehours.However,it’spossibleforyoutoeatoftenandalotafterwatchingfoodadvertisementsonTVor____47____(society)media.Also,themoreyoueat,the____48____(large)yourstomachgets,andthemoreyouwanttoeat.Aperson’sstateofmindcanplayarole,too.Research____49____(show)thatstresscanincreaselevelsofhungerhormones.Pressureandworrydrivepeople____50____(look)forfoodinthefridgewhenthey’renottrulyhungry.Anotherreasonmaybethelifestyle.Sometimesthereasonwhyapersonisalwayshungryisthatheeatstoolittle,exercisestoomuch,orboth.So,howtosolvetheproblem?Therearethreewaystosolveit.Firs