考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷283

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷283

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

Anecdotalevidencehaslongheldthatcreativityinartistsandwriterscanbeassociated

withlivinginforeignparts.RudyardKipling,PabloPicasso,ErnestHemingway,Paul

Gauguin,SamuelBeckettandothersspentyearsdwellingabroad.Nowapairof

psychologistshasprovedthatthereisindeedalink.AstheyreportintheJournalof

PersonalityandSocialPsychology,WilliamMadduxofINSEAD,abusinessschoolin

Fontainebleau,France,andAdamGalinsky,oftheKelloggSchoolofManagementin

Chicago,presented155Americanbusinessstudentsand55foreignonesstudyingin

Americawithatestusedbypsychologistsasameasureofcreativity.Givenacandle,

somematchesandaboxofdrawingpins,thestudentswereaskedtoattachthecandletoa

cardboardwallsothatnowaxwoulddriponthefloorwhenthecandlewaslit.（The

solutionistousetheboxasacandleholderandfixittothewallwiththepins.）They

found60%ofstudentswhowereeitherlivingabroadorhadspentsometimedoingso,

solvedtheproblem,whereasonly42%ofthosewhohadnotlivedabroaddidso.A

follow-upstudywith72Americansand36foreignersexploredtheircreativenegotiating

skills.Pairsofstudentswereaskedtoplaytheroleofasellerofapetrolstationwhothen

neededtogetajobandabuyerwhowouldneedtohirestafftorunthebusiness.Thetwo

werelikelytoreachadeadlockbecausethebuyerhadbeentoldhecouldnotaffordwhat

thesellerwastoldwashisminimumprice.Nevertheless,wherebothnegotiatorshad

livedabroad70%struckadealinwhichthesellerwasofferedamanagementjobatthe

petrolstationinreturnforaloweraskingprice.Whenneitherofthenegotiatorshadlived

abroad,nonewasabletoreachadeal.Tocheckthattheyhadnotmerelydiscoveredthat

creativepeoplearemorelikelytochoosetoliveabroad,DrMadduxandDrGalinsky

identifiedandmeasuredpersonalitytraits,suchasopennesstonewexperiences,thatare

knowntopredictcreativity.Theythenusedstatisticalcontrolstofilteroutsuchfactors.

Evenafterthathadbeendone,thestatisticalrelationshipbetweenlivingabroadand

creativityremained,indicatingthatitissomethingfromtheexperienceoflivingin

foreignpartsthathelpsfostercreativity.Merelytravellingabroad,however,wasnot

enough.Youdohavetolivethere.Packingyourbeachtowelandsuntanlotionwillnot,

byitself,makeyouHemingway.

1、Intheopeningparagraph,famousnamesarecitedtoshowtherelationshipbetween

A-.psychologyandart

B、artisticcreationandlifeexperience.

C、creativityandlivingabroad.

D、writingandpainting.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题，考查例证细节。根据第一段的第一句话“民间传闻一直

认为，艺术家和作家的创造力和旅居国外有关“，以及该段最后一句话“现在，两位

心理学家已经证明，创造力和旅居国外确实存在联系”可得出答案。

2、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that

A、WilliamMadduxandAdamGalinskyhavecarefullydesignedthetest.

B、theexperienceoflivingabroadcangivepeopleacreativeedge.

C、Americanbusinessstudentsarelesscreativethanthoseoverseastudents.

D、one'screativityisassociatedwiththelengthonehasspentabroad.

标准答案：B-

知识点解析：推理判断题。通读第二段可发现在实验中拥有海外生活经历的学生比

没有海外生活经历的学生更好地完成了任务，这与B项符合。

3、Theword"deadlock"(Line4,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans

A^afailuretoreachagreement.

B、anintractabledilemma.

C、anunacceptableoffer.

D、abitterquarrel.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：语义理解题。根据deadlock后面的原因状语从句“因为买者被告知他

无法负担销售员被告知的最低价''可推测得出deadlock可能指学生无法达成一致意

见，因此A项正确。

4、DrMadduxandDrGalinskyadoptedstatisticalcontrolsto

A、filterouttheinterferencefactorssuchaspersonalitytraits.

B、identifythestatisticalrelationshipbetweenpersonalityandcreativity.

C、analyzetheinteractionbetweenpersonalityandcreativity.

D、measuretheinfluenceofopennesstonewexperiencesoncreativity.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据statisticalcontrol定位到第四段第二句话，后面的

tofilteroutsuchfactors表示使用统计控制的目的在于去除这些因素，而该段的第一

句话即说明了这些因素是指能预测创造力的个人特征，这与A项符合。

5、InthelastsentenceofParagraph5,theauthormeansthat

A、thereexistsharpdifferencesbetweentravelingandlivingabroad.

B、merelytravelingabroadlendsnohelpincultivatingone'screativity.

C、onlyrealexperienceoflivingabroadcanhelpfostercreativity.

D、thetravellingpartoflivingabroadavailstonothingaboutone'screativity.

标准答案：C、

知识点解析：观点态度题。从最后一段的第一句话“但是，仅仅出国旅游是不够

的，你得在那里生活”可得知要培养创造力必须要在国外真正地生活，这与C项符

合。

GivetheSenatesomecredit:inshapingthecurrentimmigration-reformbill,ithascome

upwithoneideathatalmosteverybodyhates.That'stheplantocreateanewclassof

"guestworkers"—immigrantswhowouldbeallowedtoworkintheU.S.forthreetwo-

yearstretches,atmost,providedthattheyreturnhomefbrayearaftereachvisit.

Conservativesdisliketheplanbecausetheybelievethattheguestworkerswon'treturn

homeaftertheirvisasexpire.Liberalsdislikeitbecausetheybelievetheprogramwill

depressAmericanwagesandtrapguestworkersinastateofserfdom.Theonlyvocal

supportersoftheprovisionarebusinessesthatrelyheavilyonimmigrantlabor,and

they'represumablyjustlookingoutforthemselves.Withthebroaderconcernsaboutthe

effectsofillegalimmigration,thehostilitytothenewplanisunderstandable.It'salso

misguided.Howeverimperfect,theguest-workerprogramisbetterthananypolitically

viablealternative.Opponentsofimmigrationsometimesimplythataddingworkerstoa

workforceautomaticallybringswagesdown.Butimmigrantstendtoworkindifferent

industriesthannativeworkers,andhavedifferentskills,andsotheyoftenendup

complementingnativeworkers,ratherthancompetingwiththem.Thatcanmakenative

workersmoreproductiveandthereforebetteroff.Accordingtoarecentstudybythe

economistsGianmarcoOttavianoandGiovanniPeri,between1990and2004

immigrationactuallyboostedthewagesofmostAmericanworkers;itsonlynegative

effectwasasmallone,onthewagesofworkerswithoutahigh-schooldiploma.Andifby

increasingthenumberoflegalguestworkerswereducedthenumberofundocumented

workers,theeconomywouldbenefitevenmore.Guestworkersarealso,paradoxically,

lesslikelythanillegalimmigrantstobecomepermanentresidents.TheU.S.alreadyhasa

numberofsmaller-andlesswell-designed—temporary-workerprograms,andthere'sno

evidencethatworkersinthoseplansroutinelyoverstaytheirvisas.Oneremarkablestudy

foundthatafterborderenforcementwassteppedupin1993thechancesofanillegal

immigrantreturningtohishomelandtostayfellbyathird.Infact,whateverbenefitsthe

guest-workerprogrambroughttotheU.S.economyortoparticularbusinesses,the

biggestwinnerswouldbetheworkersthemselves.Congress,ofcourse,isunderno

obligationtocareaboutforeignworkers.Buttheprogram'scoststoAmericanworkers

arenegligible,thegainsfortheguestworkersareenormous,andtheU.S.economywill

benefit.Thisisthatrareoptionwhichisbothsensibleandpoliticallypossible.

6、InParagraph2,theauthorholdsthattheguest-workerprogramwill

A、arousegreatconcernsaboutillegalimmigration.

B、beasensiblewaytosolvetheimmigrationproblems.

C、behazardoustotheimprovementofworkingstructure.

D、bringfiercecompetitionstolocallaborers.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：观点态度题。根据题目定位到第二段，作者认为临时客工计划是“如

今政治上可行的最好方案”。并会与本国工人形成互补，因此B项正确。

7、GianmarcoOttavianoandGiovanniPeripointoutthatimmigration

A、isimmunefromnegativeeffects.

B、hasleadtoeconomicprosperityandsocialstability.

C、hasenhancedwagesofmostAmericanworkers.

D、willrootoutillegaldocumentationofworkers.

标准答案：c

知识点.析：观点态度题。根据人名定位到第三段，可知吉安马可・欧塔维诺和乔

凡尼・佩里所做的研究表明移民实际上使本国工人的薪资上涨，只对少数没有高中

文凭的美国人的收入产生轻微的负面影响，因此C项正确。

8、WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph4?

A、IllegalimmigrantshavemorechancestostaypermanentlyintheU.S.thanguest

workers.

B、Withstepped-upbordercontrol,illegalimmigrantsaremorelikelytostayintheir

homeland.

C、Workersintemporal-workerprogramsusuallypaynoattentiontotheirvisa

duration.

D、Guestworkerswillnotstaytoolongbecauseoftheenhancedborderenforcement.

标准答案：A」

知识点解析：事实细节题，考查段落细节：根据第四段第一句话可知，临时客工比

非法移民在美国永久定居的可能性更小，所以反过来讲，非法移民在美国永久定居

的可能性更大，因此A项正确。

9、TheplanofcreatinganewclassofMguestworkers"

A、hasarousedcriticismfromconservatives,liberalsandthebusinessworld.

B、hasallowedimmigrantstoworkintheU.S.forsixconsecutiveyears.

C、willbenefitbothbusinessesandimmigrantlaboremployers.

D、willgivepeopleagoodreasontothreatsuchworkersasslaves.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。最后一段提到，该计划使得临时客工极大受益，美国经

济也将得益，且美国工人几乎不需为该计划付出任何代价，C项内容与之符合。

10^Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsguestworkersplan?

A、Negligible.

B、Obscure.

C、Indifferent.

D、Favorable.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：观点态度题。全文第一句话就体现了作者对参议院临时客工计划的肯

定，而通读全文会发现作者试图纠正人们对于该计划和临时客工这一群体的误解，

最后一句话更是将该计划誉为“既明智、政治上又可行的难得之选”，因此D项符

合作者态度

Don'ttalk:yourcellphonemaybeeavesdropping.Thankstorecentdevelopmentsin"spy

phone"software,ado-it-yourselfspookcannowwirelesslytransferawiretapping

programtoanymobilephone.Theprogramsareinexpensive,andthetransferrequiresno

specialskill.Thewould-bespyneedstogethishandsonyourphonetopresskeys

authorizingthedownload,butittakesjustafewminutes—aboutthelimeneededto

downloadaringtone.Thisnewgenerationofuser-friendlyipyphonesoftwarehasbecome

widelyavailableinthelastyear——anditconfersstunningpowers.Thelatestprograms

cansilentlyturnonhandsetmicrophonesevenwhennocallisbeingmade,allowinga

spytolistentovoicesinaroomhalfwayaroundtheworld.Targetsarenonethewiser:

neithercalllogsnorphonebillsshowrecordsofthesecretlytransmitteddata.Morethan

200companiessellspy-phonesoftwareonline,atpricesaslowas$50.Vendorsareloath

toreleasesalesfigures.Butsomeexpertsclaimthatasurprisingnumberofpeoplecarrya

mobilethathasbeencompromised,usuallybyaspouse,lover,parentorco-worker.

Manyemployees,expertssay,hopetodiscoverasupenisor'sdishonestdealingsandtip

offthetopbossanonymously.MaxMaicllaro,headofAgataChristieInvestigation,a

private-investigationfirminMilan,estimatesthat3percentofmobilesinFranceand

Germanyaretapped,andabout5percentorsoinGreece,Italy,RomaniaandSpain.

JamesAtkinson,aspy-phoneexpertatGraniteIslandGroup,asecurityconsultancyin

Gloucester,Massachusetts,putsthenumberoftappedphonesintheU.S.at3percent.

Evenifthesenumbersareinflated,clearlymanyotherwiselaw-abidingcitizensare

willingtobreakwiretappinglaws.SpywarethrivesoniPhones,BlackBcrrysandother

smartphonesbecausetheyhaveampleprocessingpower.IntheUnitedStates,thespread

ofGSMnetworks,whicharemorevulnerablethanoldertechnologies,hasalsoenlarged

thepoolofpotentialvictims.Spywarebeingdevelopedforlaw-enforcementagencies

willaccompanyatextmessageandautomaticallyinstallitselfinthevictim'sphonewhen

themessageisopened,accordingtoanItaliandeveloperwhodeclinedtobeidentified.

Oneworryisthatthesoftwarewillfinditswayintothehandsofcriminals.Thecurrent

embarrassmentispartlytheresultofdecisionsbyApple,MicrosoftandResearchIn

Motion(produccroftheBlackBerry)toopentheirphonestooutsideapplication-software

developers,whichcreatedtheopeningfbrspyware.Antivirusandsecurityprograms

developedfbrcomputersrequiretoomuchprocessingpower,evenforsmartphones.

Althoughsecurityprogramsareavailableforphones,byandlargeusershaven'tgiventhe

threatmuchthoughtIfthespyingkeepsspreading,thatmaychangesoon.

11、Thecellphonemaybeeavesdroppinginthat

A、thesoftwareindustryhascreatedado-it-yourselfprogram.

B、thespyphonesoftwarerequiresnospecialskillsorknowledge.

C、arecentsoftwarecantransferawiretappingprogramtootherphones.

D、todownloadthespyphonesoftwareisaseasyaspressingkeys.

标准答案：C'

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据eavesdropping可定位到文章第一段，原文说，由

于最近“手机监听”软件的发展，自制的窃听装置现在可以将窃听程序无线传输到任

何移动电话上，C与之相符。

12、Whichofthefollowingistrueofthe"spyphone"?

A、It'sacomplicatedandinexpensivewirelesstransfersoftware.

B、Itcanbedownloadedtothephoneforfree.

C、Thedownloadtakeslessthanthetimeofdownloadingaringtone.

D、Itstargetsaretotallyunawarethattheyarespied.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题。第二段末句提到，被监听的人对此是一无所知的：不管

是通话记录还是手机账单都不会有秘密传输数据的记录，D项与之相符。

13、Inpointingoutfiguresrelatedtocompromisedmobiles,theauthorsuggeststhat

A、anunexpectednumberofpeoplearebeingeavesdropped.

B、manyemployeeshopetodiscovertheboss'dishonestsecrets.

C、thepopularityofspy-phonesoftwareresultsfromlowprices.

D、law-abidingpeoplebecomethevictimsofspyphone.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据compromisedmobiles定位到第三段。此处引用数

字是为了说明前面提到的：有许多人的手机都被监听了，故选A项。

14、AccordingtoParagraph4,Spyware

A、increasestheprocessingpowerofiPhones.

B、enlargesthepoolofpotentialvictims.

C>isdevelopedbylaw-enforcementagencies.

D、mightservethedevil.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题V根据题干定位在第四段.该段末句提到监听软件可能会

落人犯罪分子之手，这一点很令人担忧.故选D项。

15、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

A、HowtoDealwithPhoneSpies?

B、SpywareisHereandThere

C、IsYourCellPhoneSpyingonYou?

D、SecurityProgramsforPhones

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨大意题。本文提到监听软件蓬勃发展，越来越多的人面临被监听

的潜在威胁，该软件的安装非常便捷，被监听的人也往往并不知晓。综合文中提到

的各因素，C项(你的手机是否正在监视你?)是最合适的标题。本题也可使用排除法

•来解答。

Foraquarterofacentury,surveysofreadinghabitsbytheNationalfortheArts(NEA),a

federally-fundedbody,havebeenfavoritematerialforanyonewhothinksAmericais

dumbingdown.SusanJacoby,authorofTheAgeofAmericanUnreason,forexample,

citesthe2007NEAreportthat"theproportionof17-year-oldswhoreadnothing(unless

requiredtodosoforschool)morcthandoubledbetween1984and2004."Soitisa

surprisethatthistrendseemstohavetakenaturnforthebetter.ThisweektheNEA

reportedthat,forthefirsttimesince1982whenitssurveybegan,thenumberofadults

whosaidtheyhadreadanovel,shortstory,poemorplayinthepast12monthshadgone

up,risingfrom47%ofthepopulationin2002toover50%in2008.Theincrease,modest

asitis,hasthrowneducationalistsintoexcitement.MIt'sjustablip,'*oneprofessortold

TheNewYorkTimes.Itiscertainlyasnapshot.Butitisnotstatisticallyinsignificant.As

theNEA'sresearchdirector,SunilIyengar,pointsout,almosteverydemographicand

ethnicgroupseemstobereadingmore.Theincreasehasbeenmostmarkedingroups

whosereadinghaddeclinedmostinthepast25years,African-Americansand

Hispanics(upby15%and20%respectivelysince2002).Ithasalsobeenlargeramong

peopleatlowerlevelsofeducation:readingamongcollegegraduateswasflat,butamong

thosewhodroppedoutofhighschoolitrosefromunderaquartertooverathird.Most

remarkableofallhasbeenthereboundamongyoungmen.Thenumbersofmenaged18-

24whosaytheyarereadingbooks(notjustonline)rose24%in2002-08.Teachers

sometimesdespairofyoungmen,whoseeducationalperformancehaslaggedbehindthat

ofyoungwomenalmostacrosstheboard.Butthereadinggapatleastmaybenarrowing.

DanaGioia,theNEA'soutgoingchairman,thinksthereasonfortheturnaroundisthe

publicreactiontoearlierreportswhichhadsoundedthealarm."Therehasbeena

measurablechangeinsociety'scommitmenttoliteracy/'hesays."Readinghasbecomea

higherpriority."Itmayalsobebenefitingfromthegrowingpopularityofserious-minded

leisurepursuitsofmanykinds.Museums,literaryfestivalsandliveoperatransmissions

intocinemasarcallreportinglargeraudiences.Mr.Iyengarthinksthedivisionbetween

thosewhoreadalotand(hosewhodon'tiseroding.Whathasnotchanged,though,is

America^"functionalilliteracy"rate.Fully21%ofadultAmericansdidnotreadabook

lastyearbecausetheycouldn't,oneoftheworstratesintherichworld.

16、Whatdoestheauthormeanby"dumbingdown"(Line3,ParagraphI)?

A、Becomingilliterate.

Becomingnoiseless.

C^Gettingclumsy.

D、