考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷8

考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷8

一、阅读9翻译句子）（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共

30分。）

[Fl]OnemeaningofiheGreekword"dran"is【oaccomplish,andinihismeaninglies

a「urlherkeyloiheslruclureofdrama.Aplayconcernsahumanagentattemptingto

accomplishsomepurpose.Intragedyhisattemptis,inpersonaltermsatleast,

unsuccessful;incomedyitissuccessful;intheproblemplayfinalaccomplishmentis

ofteneitherambiguousordoubtful.[F2]Thisaction,fromdiebeginningJotheendof

amovementtowardapurposedgoal,mustalsohaveamiddle;itmustproceedthrougha

numberofsteps、thesuccessionofincidentswhichmakeuptheplot.Becausethe

dramatistisconcernedwiththemeaningandlogicofeventsratherthanwiththeircasual

relationshipinlime,hewillprobablyselecthismaterialandorderitonabasisofthe

operation,inhumanaffairs,oflawsofcauseandeffect.Itisinthiscausalrelationshipof

incidentsthattheelementofconflict,presentinvirtuallyallplays,appears.Thecentral

figureoftheplay—theprotagonist-encountersdifficulties;hispurposeorpurposes

conflictwitheventsorcircumstances,withpurposesofothercharactersintheplay,or

withcross-purposeswhichexistwithinhisownthoughtsanddesires.Thesedifficulties

threatentheprotagonist'saccomplishment.[F3]Inotherwords,theypresent

complications,andhissuccessorfailureindealingwith【hesecomplicationsdetermines

theoutcome.[F4]Normally,complicationsbuildthroughtheplayinorderof

increasingdifficulty:onecomplicationmaybeaddedtoanother,oronemayglowoutof

thesolutionofaprecedingone.Atsomepointinthischainofcomplicationandsolution,

achievedorattempted,theprotagonistperformsanactormakesadecisionwhich

irrevocablycommitshimtoafurthercourse,pointstowardcertaingeneralconsequences.

[F5]Thispointisusuallycalledthecrisis;thecomplicationsandsolutionswhich

followworkoutthelogicalstepsfromcrisistofinalresolution,ordenouement.

1、[Fl]

标准答案：希腊词语“dran”的一个含义是“实现”，而这个含义正是进一步了解戏剧

结构的关键所在。

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、[F2]

标准答案：从戏剧的开始到实现某个有意识的目的的结束，这个情节必定有一个中

间过渡。它必须经历几个步骤，即构成这个情节的一系列的事件。

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、[F3]

标准答案：换句话说，它们使事件变得复杂，而主人公能否成功地处理这些复杂事

件决定了戏剧最终的结局。

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、[F4]

标准答案：一般而言，戏剧中的复杂事件是按照其困难的程度逐渐累积起来的：

个困难事件也许累加到另一个困难事件之上，或者在前一个困难事件解决之后出

现。

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、[F5]

标准答案：这个点通常被称为危机，接下来出现的复杂问题和解决方法构成了从危

机到最后解决危机，即结局的逻辑步骤。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Americanstodaydon'tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesarcathletes,

entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.[Fl]Evenourschoolsarewherewesend

ourchildrenlogelapraclicaleducation-nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeof

knowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren'tdifficultto

tind."Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthan

intellectual,"sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch."Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance."

Ravitch'slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsof

anti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalanceto

theAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouraging

kidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.

[F2)Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandthe

ideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy."ContEuingalongthis

path,"sayswriterEarlShorris,"Wcwillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavea

lesscivilsociety.""Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,"writeshistorian

andprolessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzer-

Prizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,and

education.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticand

populisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.[F3]Practicality,

commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthan

anythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.RalphWaldoEmersonandother

Transcendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningpul

unnaturalrestraintsonchildren,"[F4]Weaueshuturinschoolsandcollegerecitation

roomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowa

thing."MarkTwain'sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Its

heroavoidsbeingcivilized——goinglosuhuulandluamiiigluread——solieuauprvsviYchis

innategoodness.Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,a

qualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideof

themind.[F5]Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,while

intellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.Schoolremainsa

placewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry'seducationalsystemisin

thegripsofpeoplewhojoyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectand

theireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise."

6、[Fl]

标准答案：即使学校也只是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方，而不是让他们为了

知识而去追求知识的地方。

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、[F2]

标准答案：如果不能批判地思考、不能捍卫自己的思想、不能理解他人的思想，他

们就不能充分地参与我们的民主。

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、[F3]

标准答案：实用性、常设以及与生俱有的智力这些素质一直被认为比书本里学到的

任何东西都高贵。

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、[F4]

标准答案：我们被关在中小学和大学的朗诵室里十年或十五年，最后出来满肚子墨

水，却什么都不懂。

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、[F5]

标准答案：智力寻求的是理解、运用、整合和调节，而才智是审视、思考、探究、

形成理论、批判和想象。

知识点解析：暂无解析

TheU.S.SecretService,whichstudies"targetedviolence'1,providesinsightonthe

urgencyoftheneedinits2002"SafeSchoolInitiative"report:[FilSchoolatkicks.

insleadofbeingiherandomimpulsiveaclsofnoisyandcruelfellows,arewelLplanned

even。mostlycarriedoutbyasinglestud6nt—whoisnotevilbutmentallyill.Exceptfor

beingmale,the41attackersstudiedfitnoprofileoffamilybackground,race,ethnicity,

orevenacademicperformance.ManywereAandBstudents.Fewhadahistoryof

violentorcriminalbehavior.Buttheirthoughtswereofviolence,andtheirbehaviorwas

oftenfrightening.[F2]TheyfrequenUyexpressedviolenlihemesiniheiswritings,in

oneinstanceporlrayingkillingandsuicideassolutionslofeelingsofdespairThe

criminalsoftenhadtelegraphedtootherstudentsandteacherstoexpresstheirdepression

ordesperationandeithertalkedaboutorhadattemptedsuicide.Feelingsofpersecution

byotherswerecommonandledtogrowingresentmentandanger.[F31Psychiatrists

andpsychologistsrecognizeihalIheseareredflagsdemandingmedicalinlervenlion.Yet

oneofmoststrikingfindingsin(hereportwasthatthevastmajorityofthesestudents

neverhadamental-healthevaluation.Nowonderonly17percentwerediagnosedwitha

psychiatricillness—itwasn'tlookedfor.Thatalonepointstoahugementalhealthgap:If

thedistressofthesestudentsdidn'ttriggermedicalattention,it'sunlikelythatlesssevere

strugglesthatareseeninasmanyas15to20percentofotherstudentswilldoso.[F4]

OnlyrecenllyhavewelearnedihalIheseareneurodevelopmenlaldisorderswhoseearly

signsmigh【wellbeDickedUDinroulinepodiatricscreening.Forexample,aclassic

behaviorinachildthatcanprecedepsychosislaterinlifeisspeakingtoalmostnoone,

evenfamily,saysNasrallah.Genesareknowntoconfervulnerability,butequally

importantistheenvironment.Stressorgreatdisappointmentcanaggravatesymptoms;

Connectingwithanadultinanongoingrelationshipcandotheopposite.Interventions

likesocial-skillstrainingcombinedwithtalktherapyandtargetedmedicationcanmakea

hugedifference.[F5]Eurly〔reatmenlcanlessenthefrequencyandintensityof

psvchoiicepisodes,leavingmanvpalienlswilhonlyihemildeslofsymptoms.Andthe

youngerthebrain,themoremalleableis.Theultimategoalistonotonlymodify

evaluationofdiseasebutkeepitfromarisinginthefirstplace.Thisisachievable,andthe

pathtogetthereisbecomingclear.

11、[Fl]

标准答案：校园暴力袭击并不是那些逞勇斗狠的无赖偶然冲动性的行为，而是经过

周密计划的事件。大多数校园暴力袭击是由一名学生独立完成的，他不是什么十恶

不赦之徒，只是患有精神疾病。

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、[F2]

标准答案：他们经常写一些以暴力为主题的内容，例如有人就将杀人或自杀描绘为

解决绝望感的方法。

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、[F3]

标准答案：精神病学家和心理学家都意识到，这些值得人们关注的问题需要医疗手

段的介入。

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、[F4]

标准答案：直到近期我们才了解到，有些精神紊乱的早期症状是可以通过定期的儿

科排查而检查出来的。

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、[F5]

标准答案：早期治疗可以减少精神病发病的频率和强度，使很多病人只呈现非常轻

微的症状。

知识点解析：暂无解析

[Fl]Withtheextensionofdemocraticrightsinihefirsthalfofthanineteenlhcenlury

andtheensuingdeclineoftheFederalisleslablishment.anewconceptionofeducation

beganIoemerge.Educationwasnolongeraconfirmationofapre-existingstatus,butan

instrumentintheacquisitionofhigherstatus.Foranewgenerationofupwardlymobile

students,thegoalofeducationwasnottopreparethemtolivecomfortablyintheworld

intowhichtheyhadbeenborn,buttoteachthemnewvirtuesandskillsthatwouldpropel

themintoadifferentandbetterworld.[F2]Educationbecame〔raining;andihesludenl

wasnolongerthegenlleman-in-waiting,bul【heioumeymanaDDrenliceforupward

mobility.Inthenineteenthcenturyacollegeeducationbegantobeseenasawaytoget

aheadintheworld.Thefoundingoftheland-grantcollegesopenedthedoorsofhigher

educationtopoorbutaspiringboysfromnon-Anglo-Saxon,working-classandlower-

middle-classbackgrounds.[F3]Themylhthepoorboywhoworkedhiswayihrough

collegetosuccessdrewmillionsofpoorboystothenewcampuses.Andwiththisshift,

educationbecamemorevocational:itsobjectwastheacquisitionofpracticalskillsand

usefulinformation.[F4]Forthegentleman-in-waiting,virtueconsistedaboveallin

graceandstyle,indoingwellwhatwasappropriatetohisposition;educationwasmerely

awayofacquiringpolish.Andvicewasmanifestedingracelessness,awkwardness,in

behavinginappropriately,discourteously,orostentatiously.Fortheapprentice,however,

virtuewasevidencedinsuccessthroughhardwork.Therequisitequalitiesofcharacter

werenotgraceorstyle,butdrive,determination,andasharpeyeforopportunity.While

casualliberalityandevenprodigalitycharacterizedthegentleman,frugality,thriftand

self-controlcametodistinguishthenewapprentice.[F5]Andwhile(hegentlemandid

notaspireloahigherstationbecausehisstationwasalreadyhigh,theapprenticewas

continuallybecoming,striving,snugglingupward.Failurefbrtheapprenticemeant

standingstill,notrising.

16、[Fl]

标准答案：随着19世纪上半叶民主权利的扩展和接踵而至的联邦体制的衰退，

种新的教育观念开始浮现出来。

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、[F2]

标准答案：教育变成了训练，学生也不再是“准绅士”，而成了一些寻求更高社会地

位的职业学徒。

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、[F3]

标准答案：那些完成大学学业而获得成功的穷孩子的神话驱使数百万的穷孩子们涌

入新的大学校园。

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、[F4]

标准答案：对于那些准绅士来说，美德首先包括高雅的风度和作风，及符合自己身

份地位的表现；教育仅仅是达到优雅的一种方式。

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、[F5]

标准答案：绅士的社会地位已经很高，因此不再渴望更高的社会地位，而学徒却一

直奋斗努力向上攀登。

知识点解析：暂无解析

WhataccountsfortheastoundingpopularityofDr.PhilMcGraw?Whyhavesomany

TVviewersandbookbuyersembracedthistoughwarriorofapsychologistwhotells

themtosuckitupanddealwiththeirownproblemsratherthancomplainingandblaming

everyoneelse?Obviously,OprahWinfreyhasalottodowithit.Shemadehimfamous

withregularappearancesonhershow,andisco-producingthenew"Dr.Phil"showthat's

likelytobethehottestnewdaytimeofferingthisfall.ButwedecidedtoputDr.Philon

thecovernotjustbecausehe'saphenomenon.[Fl]Wcthinkhissuccessmayreflectan

interestingshiftintheAmericanspiritoftime.Coulditbethatwe'refinallygettingtired

ofthecultureofvictimology?Thisisatrickysubject,becausethereareverysadreal

victimsamongus.Menstillabusewomeninalarmingnumbers.Racismand

discriminationpersistinsubtleandnot-so-subtleforms.[F2]Butthesedays,almost

anyonecanfindatherapistorlawyertoassurethemthattheirprofessionalrelationsliDor

healthproblemsaren'ttheirfault.AsMarcPeysertellsusinhisterrificprofileofDr.

Phil,theTVsuitswereinitiallyafraidaudienceswouldbeoffendedbyhissternadviceto

"getreal!nInfact,viewersthirstedfortheloughtalk.Privately,weallknowwehaveto

takeresponsibilityfordecisionswecontrol.Itmaynotberevolutionaryadvice(andmay

leaveoutimportantfactorslikeunconsciousimpulses).[F3]Butit'sstillanimportant

messagewithclearechoingas,ayearlater,wcconlcmDlatcthepersonallessonsof

September11.Backatthelivestockfarm-theoneinCrawford,Texas—PresidentBush

continuedtoissuemixedsignalsonIraq.[F4]Hefinallypromisedloconsultalliesand

Congiessbeforegoinglowar,andsignaledanattackisn'tcomingrighlnowCTma

patientman").Butsofartherehasbeenlittleconsensus-building,evenasthe

administrationtalksof"regimechange"andpositionstroopsinthegulf.Bush'steamalso

ridiculedthepressforgivingsomuchcoveragetotheIraqissue.DefenseSecretary

Rumsfeldcalledita"frenzy",andPressSecretaryAriFleischerdismisseditas"self-

inflictedsilliness1,.ButasMichaelHirshnotesinourleadstory,muchofthedebatehas

beeninsidetheRepublicanParty,[F5]whereiniDortanlvoicesofexperienceargue

Bushneeds[oDreparedomesticandworldopinionandthink[hrough[heglobal

consequencesbeforemovingforwaid.Withsomuchatstake,themediashouldn'tpay

attention?Nowwho'sbeingsilly?

21、[Fl]

标准答案：我们认为他的成功可能反映了美国人时代观念的一个有趣的转变。

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、[F2]

标准答案：但现如今，几乎每个人都可以找到治疗师或律师来让他们相信职'也关系

或健康方面的问题都不是自己造成的。

知识点解析：暂无解析

23、[F3]

标准答案：但当一年后我们再考虑从“9.11”事件中所带来的经验教训时\这些建

议仍然能够给我们重大的启示。

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、[F4]

标准答案：他最后答应卷入战争之前会与国会和盟国磋商，并表示不会立刻发动攻

击(他说“我是一个有耐心的人

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、[F5]

标准答案：党内一些重要的有经验的人士指出，布什在行动前需要考虑国内和世界

舆论以及战争对全球的影响。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Asayoungbondtrader,Buttonwoodwasgiventwopiecesofadvice,tradingrulesof

thumb,ifyouwill:thatbadeconomicnewsisgoodnewsforbondmarketsandthatevery

utterancedroppingfromthelipsofPaulVolcker,thethenchairmanoftheFederal

Reserve,andthemanwhorestoredthecentralbank'scredibilitybystompingonrunaway

inflation,shouldberespectedthanPope'sorders.Today'stradersare,ofcourse,amore

sophisticatedbunch.Buttheadvicestillseemsgood,apartfromtwoslightdrawbacks.

Thefirstisthatthewell-chosenutterancesfromthepresentchairmanoftheFederal

Reserve,AlanGreenspan,isofmorethanpassingdifficulty.[Fl]Thesecondisthat,of

late,goodnewsfortheeconomyhasnotseemedtoupsetbondinvestorsallthatmuch.

Forallthecheerthathascrackleddownthewires,theyieldonten-yearbonds-which

youwouldexpecttoriseongoodeconomicnews—isnow,at4.2%,onlytwo-fifthsofa

percentagepointhigherthanitwasatthestartoftheyear.Prettymuchunmoved,inother

words.Yetthenewsfromtheeconomicfronthasbeenbetterbyfarthananyonecould

haveexpected.OnTuesdayNovember25lh,revisednumbersshowedthatAmerica's

economygrewbyanannual8.2%inthethirdquarter,afullpercentagepointmorethan

originallythought,drivenbytheever-spendthriftAmericanconsumerand,foronce,

corporat