考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷443

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷443

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

Anecdotalevidencehaslongheldthatcreativityinartistsandwriterscanbeassociated

withlivinginforeignparts.RudyardKipling,PabloPicasso,ErnestHemingway,Paul

Gauguin,SamuelBeckettandothersspentyearsdwellingabroad.Nowapairof

psychologistshasprovedthatthereisindeedalink.AstheyreportintheJournalof

PersonalityandSocialPsychology,WilliamMadduxofINSEAD,abusinessschoolin

Fontainebleau,France,andAdamGalinsky,oftheKelloggSchoolofManagementin

Chicago,presented155Americanbusinessstudentsand55foreignonesstudyingin

Americawithatestusedbypsychologistsasameasureofcreativity.Givenacandle,

somematchesandaboxofdrawingpins,thestudentswereaskedtoattachthecandletoa

cardboardwallsothatnowaxwoulddriponthefloorwhenthecandlewaslit.（The

solutionistousetheboxasacandleholderandfixittothewallwiththepins.）They

found60%ofstudentswhowereeitherlivingabroadorhadspentsometimedoingso,

solvedtheproblem,whereasonly42%ofthosewhohadnotlivedabroaddidso.A

follow-upstudywith72Americansand36foreignersexploredtheircreativenegotiating

skills.Pairsofstudentswereaskedtoplaytheroleofasellerofapetrolstationwhothen

neededtogetajobandabuyerwhowouldneedtohirestafftorunthebusiness.Thetwo

werelikelytoreachadeadlockbecausethebuyerhadbeentoldhecouldnotaffordwhat

thesellerwastoldwashisminimumprice.Nevertheless,wherebothnegotiatorshad

livedabroad70%struckadealinwhichthesellerwasofferedamanagementjobatthe

petrolstationinreturnforaloweraskingprice.Whenneitherofthenegotiatorshadlived

abroad,nonewasabletoreachadeal.Tocheckthattheyhadnotmerelydiscoveredthat

creativepeoplearemorelikelytochoosetoliveabroad,DrMadduxandDrGalinsky

identifiedandmeasuredpersonalitytraits,suchasopennesstonewexperiences,thatare

knowntopredictcreativity.Theythenusedstatisticalcontrolstofilteroutsuchfactors.

Evenafterthathadbeendone,thestatisticalrelationshipbetweenlivingabroadand

creativityremained,indicatingthatitissomethingfromtheexperienceoflivingin

foreignpartsthathelpsfostercreativity.Merelytravellingabroad,however,wasnot

enough.Youdohavetolivethere.Packingyourbeachtowelandsuntanlotionwillnot,

byitself,makeyouHemingway.

1、Intheopeningparagraph,famousnamesarecitedtoshowtherelationshipbetween

A-.psychologyandart

B、artisticcreationandlifeexperience.

C、creativityandlivingabroad.

D、writingandpainting.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题，考查例证细节。根据第一段的第一句话“民间传闻一直

认为，艺术家和作家的创造力和旅居国外有关“，以及该段最后一句话“现在，两位

心理学家已经证明，创造力和旅居国外确实存在联系”可得出答案。

2、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that

A、WilliamMadduxandAdamGalinskyhavecarefullydesignedthetest.

B、theexperienceoflivingabroadcangivepeopleacreativeedge.

C、Americanbusinessstudentsarelesscreativethanthoseoverseastudents.

D、one'screativityisassociatedwiththelengthonehasspentabroad.

标准答案：B-

知识点解析：推理判断题。通读第二段可发现在实验中拥有海外生活经历的学生比

没有海外生活经历的学生更好地完成了任务，这与B项符合。

3、Theword"deadlock"(Line4,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans

A^afailuretoreachagreement.

B、anintractabledilemma.

C、anunacceptableoffer.

D、abitterquarrel.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：语义理解题。根据deadlock后面的原因状语从句“因为买者被告知他

无法负担销售员被告知的最低价''可推测得出deadlock可能指学生无法达成一致意

见，因此A项正确。

4、DrMadduxandDrGalinskyadoptedstatisticalcontrolsto

A、filterouttheinterferencefactorssuchaspersonalitytraits.

B、identifythestatisticalrelationshipbetweenpersonalityandcreativity.

C、analyzetheinteractionbetweenpersonalityandcreativity.

D、measuretheinfluenceofopennesstonewexperiencesoncreativity.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据statisticalcontrol定位到第四段第二句话，后面的

tofilteroutsuchfactors表示使用统计控制的目的在于去除这些因素，而该段的第一

句话即说明了这些因素是指能预测创造力的个人特征，这与A项符合。

5、InthelastsentenceofParagraph5,theauthormeansthat

A、thereexistsharpdifferencesbetweentravelingandlivingabroad.

B、merelytravelingabroadlendsnohelpincultivatingone'screativity.

C、onlyrealexperienceoflivingabroadcanhelpfostercreativity.

D、thetravellingpartoflivingabroadavailstonothingaboutone'screativity.

标准答案：C、

知识点解析：观点态度题。从最后一段的第一句话“但是，仅仅出国旅游是不够

的，你得在那里生活”可得知要培养创造力必须要在国外真正地生活，这与C项符

合。

GivetheSenatesomecredit:inshapingthecurrentimmigration-reformbill,ithascome

upwithoneideathatalmosteverybodyhates.That'stheplantocreateanewclassof

"guestworkers"—immigrantswhowouldbeallowedtoworkintheU.S.forthreetwo-

yearstretches,atmost,providedthattheyreturnhomefbrayearaftereachvisit.

Conservativesdisliketheplanbecausetheybelievethattheguestworkerswon'treturn

homeaftertheirvisasexpire.Liberalsdislikeitbecausetheybelievetheprogramwill

depressAmericanwagesandtrapguestworkersinastateofserfdom.Theonlyvocal

supportersoftheprovisionarebusinessesthatrelyheavilyonimmigrantlabor,and

they'represumablyjustlookingoutforthemselves.Withthebroaderconcernsaboutthe

effectsofillegalimmigration,thehostilitytothenewplanisunderstandable.It'salso

misguided.Howeverimperfect,theguest-workerprogramisbetterthananypolitically

viablealternative.Opponentsofimmigrationsometimesimplythataddingworkerstoa

workforceautomaticallybringswagesdown.Butimmigrantstendtoworkindifferent

industriesthannativeworkers,andhavedifferentskills,andsotheyoftenendup

complementingnativeworkers,ratherthancompetingwiththem.Thatcanmakenative

workersmoreproductiveandthereforebetteroff.Accordingtoarecentstudybythe

economistsGianmarcoOttavianoandGiovanniPeri,between1990and2004

immigrationactuallyboostedthewagesofmostAmericanworkers;itsonlynegative

effectwasasmallone,onthewagesofworkerswithoutahigh-schooldiploma.Andifby

increasingthenumberoflegalguestworkerswereducedthenumberofundocumented

workers,theeconomywouldbenefitevenmore.Guestworkersarealso,paradoxically,

lesslikelythanillegalimmigrantstobecomepermanentresidents.TheU.S.alreadyhasa

numberofsmaller-andlesswell-designed—temporary-workerprograms,andthere'sno

evidencethatworkersinthoseplansroutinelyoverstaytheirvisas.Oneremarkablestudy

foundthatafterborderenforcementwassteppedupin1993thechancesofanillegal

immigrantreturningtohishomelandtostayfellbyathird.Infact,whateverbenefitsthe

guest-workerprogrambroughttotheU.S.economyortoparticularbusinesses,the

biggestwinnerswouldbetheworkersthemselves.Congress,ofcourse,isunderno

obligationtocareaboutforeignworkers.Buttheprogram'scoststoAmericanworkers

arenegligible,thegainsfortheguestworkersareenormous,andtheU.S.economywill

benefit.Thisisthatrareoptionwhichisbothsensibleandpoliticallypossible.

6、InParagraph2,theauthorholdsthattheguest-workerprogramwill

A、arousegreatconcernsaboutillegalimmigration.

B、beasensiblewaytosolvetheimmigrationproblems.

C、behazardoustotheimprovementofworkingstructure.

D、bringfiercecompetitionstolocallaborers.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：观点态度题。根据题目定位到第二段，作者认为临时客工计划是“如

今政治上可行的最好方案”。并会与本国工人形成互补，因此B项正确。

7、GianmarcoOttavianoandGiovanniPeripointoutthatimmigration

A、isimmunefromnegativeeffects.

B、hasleadtoeconomicprosperityandsocialstability.

C、hasenhancedwagesofmostAmericanworkers.

D、willrootoutillegaldocumentationofworkers.

downloadaringtone.Thisnewgenerationofuser-friendlyipyphonesoftwarehasbecome

widelyavailableinthelastyear——anditconfersstunningpowers.Thelatestprograms

cansilentlyturnonhandsetmicrophonesevenwhennocallisbeingmade,allowinga

spytolistentovoicesinaroomhalfwayaroundtheworld.Targetsarenonethewiser:

neithercalllogsnorphonebillsshowrecordsofthesecretlytransmitteddata.Morethan

200companiessellspy-phonesoftwareonline,atpricesaslowas$50.Vendorsareloath

toreleasesalesfigures.Butsomeexpertsclaimthatasurprisingnumberofpeoplecarrya

mobilethathasbeencompromised,usuallybyaspouse,lover,parentorco-worker.

Manyemployees,expertssay,hopetodiscoverasupenisor'sdishonestdealingsandtip

offthetopbossanonymously.MaxMaicllaro,headofAgataChristieInvestigation,a

private-investigationfirminMilan,estimatesthat3percentofmobilesinFranceand

Germanyaretapped,andabout5percentorsoinGreece,Italy,RomaniaandSpain.

JamesAtkinson,aspy-phoneexpertatGraniteIslandGroup,asecurityconsultancyin

Gloucester,Massachusetts,putsthenumberoftappedphonesintheU.S.at3percent.

Evenifthesenumbersareinflated,clearlymanyotherwiselaw-abidingcitizensare

willingtobreakwiretappinglaws.SpywarethrivesoniPhones,BlackBcrrysandother

smartphonesbecausetheyhaveampleprocessingpower.IntheUnitedStates,thespread

ofGSMnetworks,whicharemorevulnerablethanoldertechnologies,hasalsoenlarged

thepoolofpotentialvictims.Spywarebeingdevelopedforlaw-enforcementagencies

willaccompanyatextmessageandautomaticallyinstallitselfinthevictim'sphonewhen

themessageisopened,accordingtoanItaliandeveloperwhodeclinedtobeidentified.

Oneworryisthatthesoftwarewillfinditswayintothehandsofcriminals.Thecurrent

embarrassmentispartlytheresultofdecisionsbyApple,MicrosoftandResearchIn

Motion(produccroftheBlackBerry)toopentheirphonestooutsideapplication-software

developers,whichcreatedtheopeningfbrspyware.Antivirusandsecurityprograms

developedfbrcomputersrequiretoomuchprocessingpower,evenforsmartphones.

Althoughsecurityprogramsareavailableforphones,byandlargeusershaven'tgiventhe

threatmuchthoughtIfthespyingkeepsspreading,thatmaychangesoon.

11、Thecellphonemaybeeavesdroppinginthat

A、thesoftwareindustryhascreatedado-it-yourselfprogram.

B、thespyphonesoftwarerequiresnospecialskillsorknowledge.

C、arecentsoftwarecantransferawiretappingprogramtootherphones.

D、todownloadthespyphonesoftwareisaseasyaspressingkeys.

标准答案：C'

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据eavesdropping可定位到文章第一段，原文说，由

于最近“手机监听”软件的发展，自制的窃听装置现在可以将窃听程序无线传输到任

何移动电话上，C与之相符。

12、Whichofthefollowingistrueofthe"spyphone"?

A、It'sacomplicatedandinexpensivewirelesstransfersoftware.

B、Itcanbedownloadedtothephoneforfree.

C、Thedownloadtakeslessthanthetimeofdownloadingaringtone.

D、Itstargetsaretotallyunawarethattheyarespied.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题。第二段末句提到，被监听的人对此是一无所知的：不管

是通话记录还是手机账单都不会有秘密传输数据的记录，D项与之相符。

13、Inpointingoutfiguresrelatedtocompromisedmobiles,theauthorsuggeststhat

A、anunexpectednumberofpeoplearebeingeavesdropped.

B、manyemployeeshopetodiscovertheboss'dishonestsecrets.

C、thepopularityofspy-phonesoftwareresultsfromlowprices.

D、law-abidingpeoplebecomethevictimsofspyphone.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据compromisedmobiles定位到第三段。此处引用数

字是为了说明前面提到的：有许多人的手机都被监听了，故选A项。

14、AccordingtoParagraph4,Spyware

A、increasestheprocessingpowerofiPhones.

B、enlargesthepoolofpotentialvictims.

C>isdevelopedbylaw-enforcementagencies.

D、mightservethedevil.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题V根据题干定位在第四段.该段末句提到监听软件可能会

落人犯罪分子之手，这一点很令人担忧.故选D项。

15、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

A、HowtoDealwithPhoneSpies?

B、SpywareisHereandThere

C、IsYourCellPhoneSpyingonYou?

D、SecurityProgramsforPhones

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨大意题。本文提到监听软件蓬勃发展，越来越多的人面临被监听

的潜在威胁，该软件的安装非常便捷，被监听的人也往往并不知晓。综合文中提到

的各因素，C项(你的手机是否正在监视你?)是最合适的标题。本题也可使用排除法

•来解答。

Foraquarterofacentury,surveysofreadinghabitsbytheNationalfortheArts(NEA),a

federally-fundedbody,havebeenfavoritematerialforanyonewhothinksAmericais

dumbingdown.SusanJacoby,authorofTheAgeofAmericanUnreason,forexample,

citesthe2007NEAreportthat"theproportionof17-year-oldswhoreadnothing(unless

requiredtodosoforschool)morcthandoubledbetween1984and2004."Soitisa

surprisethatthistrendseemstohavetakenaturnforthebetter.ThisweektheNEA

reportedthat,forthefirsttimesince1982whenitssurveybegan,thenumberofadults

whosaidtheyhadreadanovel,shortstory,poemorplayinthepast12monthshadgone

up,risingfrom47%ofthepopulationin2002toover50%in2008.Theincrease,modest

asitis,hasthrowneducationalistsintoexcitement.MIt'sjustablip,'*oneprofessortold

TheNewYorkTimes.Itiscertainlyasnapshot.Butitisnotstatisticallyinsignificant.As

theNEA'sresearchdirector,SunilIyengar,pointsout,almosteverydemographicand

ethnicgroupseemstobereadingmore.Theincreasehasbeenmostmarkedingroups

whosereadinghaddeclinedmostinthepast25years,African-Americansand

Hispanics(upby15%and20%respectivelysince2002).Ithasalsobeenlargeramong

peopleatlowerlevelsofeducation:readingamongcollegegraduateswasflat,butamong

thosewhodroppedoutofhighschoolitrosefromunderaquartertooverathird.Most

remarkableofallhasbeenthereboundamongyoungmen.Thenumbersofmenaged18-

24whosaytheyarereadingbooks(notjustonline)rose24%in2002-08.Teachers

sometimesdespairofyoungmen,whoseeducationalperformancehaslaggedbehindthat

ofyoungwomenalmostacrosstheboard.Butthereadinggapatleastmaybenarrowing.

DanaGioia,theNEA'soutgoingchairman,thinksthereasonfortheturnaroundisthe

publicreactiontoearlierreportswhichhadsoundedthealarm."Therehasbeena

measurablechangeinsociety'scommitmenttoliteracy/'hesays."Readinghasbecomea

higherpriority."Itmayalsobebenefitingfromthegrowingpopularityofserious-minded

leisurepursuitsofmanykinds.Museums,literaryfestivalsandliveoperatransmissions

intocinemasarcallreportinglargeraudiences.Mr.Iyengarthinksthedivisionbetween

thosewhoreadalotand(hosewhodon'tiseroding.Whathasnotchanged,though,is

America^"functionalilliteracy"rate.Fully21%ofadultAmericansdidnotreadabook

lastyearbecausetheycouldn't,oneoftheworstratesintherichworld.

16、Whatdoestheauthormeanby"dumbingdown"(Line3,ParagraphI)?

A、Becomingilliterate.

Becomingnoiseless.

C^Gettingclumsy.

D、Gettinginflexible.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：语义理解题。根据题意直接定位到第一段。文中指出美国人越来越缺

乏读书，头脑更简单。因此，A项“变得无知”为正确答案。

17、AccordingtoParagraph2,thetrendseemstohavetakenaturnforthebett