【国际自然保护联盟】IUCN基于自然的解决方案全球标准（第二版）

IUCN

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E-BASEDSOLU

cInfrastructure

system-basedapproac

ocietalchalleng

IUCNGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolutions™

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Auser-friendlyframeworkforassessing,implementing,andmonitoringscalable,high-integrityNbS

SecondEdition

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INTERNATIONALUNIONFORCONSERVATIONOFNATURE

Naturebased

solutions

AboutIUCN

IUCNisamembershipUnionuniquelycomposedofbothgovernmentandcivilsocietyorganisations.Itprovidespublic,privateandnon-governmentalorganisationswiththeknowledgeandtoolsthatenablehumanprogress,economicdevelopmentandnatureconservationtotakeplacetogether.

Createdin1948,IUCNisnowtheworld’slargestandmostdiverseenvironmentalnetwork,harnessingtheknowledge,resourcesandreachofmorethan1,500Memberorganisationsandsome19,000experts.Itisaleadingproviderofconservationdata,assessmentsandanalysis.ItsbroadmembershipenablesIUCNtofilltheroleofincubatorandtrustedrepositoryofbestpractices,toolsandinternationalstandards.

IUCNprovidesaneutralspaceinwhichdiversestakeholdersincludinggovernments,NGOs,scientists,businesses,localcommunities,IndigenousPeoples’Organisationsandotherscanworktogethertoforgeandimplementsolutionstoenvironmentalchallengesandachievesustainabledevelopment.Workingwithmanypartnersandsupporters,IUCNimplementsalargeanddiverseportfolioofconservationprojectsworldwide.Combiningthelatestsciencewiththetraditionalknowledgeoflocalcommunities,theseprojectsworktoreversehabitatloss,restoreecosystemsandimprovepeople’swell-being.

/IUCN/

IUCNGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolutions™

Auser-friendlyframeworkforassessing,implementing,andmonitoringscalable,high-integrityNbS

SecondEdition

CCBY-NC4.0Attribution4.0International.Thisworkislicensedunder

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IUCNispleasedtoacknowledgethesupportofitsFrameworkPartnerswhoprovidecorefunding:MinistryofForeignAffairs,Denmark;MinistryforForeignAffairs,Finland;GovernmentofFranceandtheFrenchDevelopmentAgency(AFD);MinistryofEnvironment,RepublicofKorea;MinistryoftheEnvironment,ClimateandSustainableDevelopment,GrandDuchyofLuxembourg;theNorwegianAgencyforDevelopmentCooperation(Norad);andtheSwissAgencyforDevelopmentandCooperation(SDC).

ThispublicationhasbeenmadepossibleinpartbyfundingfromtheGovernmentofFranceandtheFrenchDevelopmentAgency(AFD).

Publishedby:IUCN,Gland,Switzerland

Copyright:©2020,2026IUCN,InternationalUnionforConservationofNatureandNaturalResources

Recommendedcitation:IUCN(2026).IUCNGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolutions™.Auser-friendlyframework

forassessing,implementing,andmonitoringscalable,high-integrityNbS.SecondEdition.IUCN.

ISBN(PDF):978-2-8317-2392-1

DOI:

/10.2305/KKSO4573

Layoutandinfographics:EfratBronstein/StudioEshkat

Tableofcontents

Acknowledgementsⅴ

Acronymsⅵ

Documenthistoryⅶ

ISEALCodeofGoodPracticeforSustainabilitySystemsⅷ

Preamble1

Nature-basedSolutions(NbS)2

Societalchallenges3

Nature-basedSolutionscontributingtoGlobalGoals3

Fromconcepttooperationalframework:developmentoftheGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolutions6

TheIUCNGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolutions™8

Objectives8

Targetaudienceandscope8

Structure9

HowtousetheIUCNGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolutions™12

Governance13

Criteriaandindicators15

Criterion1:NbSeffectivelyaddresssocietalchallenges15

1.1Thesocietalchallengesaddressedareclearlyidentified,understood,anddocumented15

1.2Themostpressingsocietalchallengesforstakeholdersandrights-holdersareprioritised15

1.3NbSoutcomesforpeopleandnatureareidentified,benchmarked,andperiodicallyassessed15

Criterion2:NbSincorporateanecological,economic,social,andculturalsystemsperspective16

2.1NbSrecogniseandrespondtointeractionsbetweentheeconomy,society,ecosystems,andculturalnorms16

2.2NbSseeksynergiesacrosssectorsandwithcomplementaryinterventions16

2.3NbSincorporateriskidentificationandmanagement16

Criterion3:NbSresultinpositivechangeinthestateofbiodiversityandenhancedecosystemintegrity,includingconnectivity17

3.1Thestateoftheecosystemsandthedriversofecosystemdegradationandbiodiversitylossareidentified,assessedanddocumented17

3.2Opportunitiestoenhanceecosystemintegrity,includingconnectivity,areidentified,assessedanddocumented17

3.3Measurablebiodiversityoutcomesareidentified,benchmarked,periodicallyassessed,andreviewed,accordingtoevidence-basedassessments18

3.4UnintendedconsequencesonnaturearisingfromtheNbSareperiodicallyassessedandaddressed18

IUCNGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolutionsTMiii

Criterion4:NbSarefinanciallyfeasibleandeconomicallyjustified19

4.1Thedistributionoffinancialandsocietalcostsandbenefitsisunderstoodanddocumentedtoensuredistributionalequity19

4.2NbSareeconomicallyandfinanciallyjustifiableagainstalternativesolutions19

4.3FinancialmechanismsareidentifiedandsecuredtoensureNbSlong-termviability20

Criterion5:NbSarebasedoninclusive,transparentandempoweringgovernanceprocesses21

5.1Stakeholders,rights-holders,andIndigenousPeoples,whoaredirectlyandindirectlyaffectedbytheNbS,havebeenidentifiedand

participatedinallprocessesfullyandeffectively21

5.2Adefinedandfullyagreedupongrievanceandconflictresolutionmechanismisavailable,accessible,andimplemented21

5.3NbSarebasedoninclusiveparticipation,mutualrespectandequality,regardlessofgender,age,ethnicityorsocialstatus22

5.4Decision-makingprocessesdocumentandrespondtotherightsandinterestsofaffectedstakeholders,rights-holders,IndigenousPeoples,

andlocalcommunities22

5.5WherethescaleoftheNbSextendsbeyondjurisdictionalboundaries,mechanismsmustbeestablishedtoenablejoint

decision-makingamongstakeholdersandrights-holdersintheaffectedjurisdictions(asapplicable)22

Criterion6:NbSseektoequitablyreconciletheachievementoftheirprimarygoal(s)withanyintendedandunintendedimpactson

thecontinuedprovisionofmultiplebenefits23

6.1Safeguardsandassociatedcorrectiveactionsareestablishedthroughatransparent,inclusive,andparticipatoryprocess,toaddressthe

intendedandunintendednegativesocialorenvironmentalimpactsofNbS23

6.2Safeguardsandcorrectiveactionsaredocumented,available,accessibletoaffectedstakeholdersandrights-holders,andimplemented23

6.3Safeguardsandcorrectiveactionsareperiodicallyreviewedtoensurethattheyhavebeenfullyimplemented,proactivelyaddressconflicts,

andremainrelevant23

Criterion7:NbSaremanagedadaptively,basedonevidence24

7.1AssumptionsonhowdesiredNbSoutcomesareattainedunderdynamicsocial,economic,andecologicalconditionsaredeterminedand

madeexplicit24

7.2Thevalidityoftheassumptionsisperiodicallytestedthroughmonitoringandevaluationaspartofanongoinglearningprocess24

7.3NecessarychangestothemanagementoftheNbSaredefinedandimplementedthroughaninclusiveandparticipatoryapproach24

Criterion8:NbScontributetotheenhancementoftheenablingconditionsfortheirimplementation,sustainability,andmainstreaming25

8.1LessonslearntfromNbSdesignandimplementation,includingbarriersandenablingconditions,arecapturedanddocumented25

8.2NbSinformandenhancethepolicy,finance,andregulatoryframeworksenablingtheirmainstreaming25

8.3NbScontributetorelevantjurisdictionalenvironmental,economic,andsocialtargetsandframeworks25

Glossaryofterms27

References44

ivIUCNGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolutionsTM

Acknowledgements

IUCNisprofoundlygratefultoand

acknowledgesthededicationandeffortsofthehundredsofscientistsandpractitionerswhohavecontributedtothedevelopmentandtesting,andupdateprocessesofthe

FirstEditionoftheIUCNGlobalStandard

forNature-basedSolutions(NbS)since

2018.Theseexpertshaveparticipatedin

meetings,workshops,andinterviews,andcompletedpublicandexpertquestionnairestoprovidefeedbackthathelpedshape

thisSecondEditionoftheIUCNGlobalStandardforNbS.Toallweextendoursincerestappreciation.

WeespeciallythankChantalVanHam,

ChrissyGrant,andWeihuaXu,who

undertookthoroughpeerreviewsofthisSecondEdition.WealsothankDiwata

Hunzikerforherdiligentcopy-editingandEfratBronsteinforthelayoutdesignandinfographicsofthisdocument.

WegratefullyacknowledgetheGovernmentofFranceandtheFrenchDevelopment

Agency(AFD)fortheirsupportoftheSecondEditionoftheIUCNGlobalStandardforNbS.

•Contributingauthors(inalphabeticalorder)

AngelaAndradeMathiasBertramEdnaCabecinha

EmmanuelleCohen-Shacham

CharlesKarangwa

NaomieKayitesi

FabienKufel

JenniferLucey

StewartMaginnis

SeanMcGregor

VanessaMorales

MarionPoncet

ManuelPulgarVidalVerónicaRuizGarciaDorsaSheikholeslamiJuhaSiikamaki

AnitaTzec

PengbinWang

Consultants

AlessandraPome(Lead)PedroFernandez

•CoreWorkingGrouponIUCNNbSGlobalStandardupdate

IUCNCEM

AngelaAndrade(Chair,2017–2025)

EmmanuelleCohen-Shacham(NbSTGLead,2017–2025)EdnaCabecinha(NbSTGCo-lead,2021–2025)

IUCNSecretariat

StewartMaginnis

CharlesKarangwa

VerónicaRuizGarciaJuhaSiikamaki

AnitaTzec

IUCNFrenchCommittee

FabienKufel

MarionPoncet

MathiasBertram

JenniferLucey

ManuelPulgarVidal

•InternationalStandardCommittee

AngelaAndrade(Chair,2021–2025)

MathiasBertram

ChrissyGrant

JenniferLucey

StewartMaginnis

ManuelPulgarVidalWeihuaXu

IUCNGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolutionsTMv

Acronyms

AIArtificialintelligence

CBACost-benefitanalysis

CBDConventiononBiologicalDiversity

CEACost-effectivenessanalysis

ESMSEnvironmentalandSocialManagementSystem

FPICFree,priorandinformedconsent

GBFGlobalBiodiversityFramework

ENACTEnhancingNature-basedSolutionsforanAcceleratedClimateTransformation

ESGEnvironmental,social,andgovernance

iNbSIUCNGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolutionsonlineplatform

IPBESIntergovernmentalScience-PolicyPlatformon

BiodiversityandEcosystemServicesISCInternationalStandardCommittee

ISEALInternationalSocialandEnvironmentalAccreditationandLabelling

IUCNInternationalUnionforConservationofNature

KMGBFKunming-MontrealGlobalBiodiversityFramework

KPIsKeyperformanceindicators

M&EMonitoringandEvaluation

NbSNature-basedSolutions

OECDOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment

SBTNScienceBasedTargetsNetwork

SDGsSustainableDevelopmentGoals

SMARTSpecific,Measurable,Achievable,Relevant,andTime-bound

TCFDTaskForceonClimate-relatedFinancialDisclosures

TNFDTaskforceonNature-relatedFinancialDisclosures

UNCCDUnitedNationsConventiontoCombatDesertification

UNEAUnitedNationsEnvironmentAssembly

UNEPUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme

UNFCCCUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeWCCWorldConservationCongressofIUCN

viIUCNGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolutionsTM

Documenthistory

TheIUCNGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolutions™

Edition

2.0

Sourcelanguage

English

ResponsibleUnit

Nature-basedSolutionManagementHub

Updatedby

IUCNNature-basedSolutionsTeam;IUCNCommissiononEcosystemManagement;CoreWorkingGrouponIUCNNbSGlobalStandardupdate

Subject(Taxonomy)

Nature-basedSolutions;Standard;ManagementEffectiveness;High-integritySolutions;CredibleRecognition

Dateapproved

19.05.25

Approvedby

IUCNCouncil

Objective

Toprovideguidanceandaglobalframeworkforthedesign,verification,andscalingupofNature-basedSolutions.TheStandardincludesgloballyconsistentcriteriaandindicators,whicharesupportedbythePrinciplesforNature-basedSolutions,tomeasurethestrengthof

interventions.

Ispartof

IUCNNature-basedSolutionsGroup

Conformsto

IUCNEnvironmentalandSocialManagementSystem(ESMS)&ISEALStandard-SettingCodeofGoodPractice*

Relateddocuments

IUCNGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolution–FirstEdition

Distribution

iNbSPlatform

Documenthistory

CurrentSecondEdition

Version

Releasedate

Summaryofchanges

1.4

19.05.2025

RevisedfollowingtheendorsementoftheupdatedcriteriaandindicatorsbytheIUCNCouncil

1.3

01.05.2025

RevisedfollowingtheISCmeeting(29April2025)

1.2

25.04.2025

SharedwithInternationalStandardCommittee(ISC)

1.1

15.04.2025

SharedwithCoreWorkingGroup(CWG)

IUCNGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolutionsTMvii

*ISEALCodeofGoodPracticeforSustainabilitySystems

IUCNiscommittedtoaligntheIUCNGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolutions™withtheISEALCodeofGoodPracticeforSustainabilitySystems(ISEALCode),agloballyrecognisedframeworkdefiningpracticesforeffectiveandcrediblesustainabilitysystems.TheSecondEditionoftheIUCNGlobalStandardwasinformedbythefeedbackandsuggestionsreceivedfollowinga60-dayconsultationprocessconductedaccordingtoClause6.5oftheISEALCodeV1.0,2023.

ThenextupdateoftheIUCNGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolutions™mayoccurinfourorfiveyears.Minorrevisionsmayoccurearlier,whenneededandasapprovedbytheInternationalStandardCommittee(ISC),theoverarchingauthoritythatensurestheoversightandsafeguardingoftheGlobalStandardforNbSbasedontheISEALCode.

Photo:PengbinWang

viiiIUCNGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolutionsTM

Preamble

Nature-basedSolutions(NbS)

IUCNdefinesNature-basedSolutionsas“actionstoprotect,sustainablymanage,andrestorenaturalormodifiedecosystems,thataddresssocietalchallengeseffectivelyandadaptively,simultaneouslyprovidinghumanwell-beingandbiodiversitybenefits”(IUCN,Members’Assembly,2016,p.1)(Figure1).Thisdefinitionwasadoptedatthe2016IUCNWorldConservationCongressinaccordancewith

Resolution6.069(WCC-2016-Res-069).

The

UnitedNationsEnvironmentAssembly(UNEA)Resolution5/5

definesNature-basedSolutionsas“actionstoprotect,conserve,restore,sustainablyuseandmanagenaturalormodifiedterrestrial,freshwater,coastalandmarineecosystemswhichaddresssocial,economicandenvironmentalchallengeseffectivelyandadaptively,whilesimultaneouslyprovidinghumanwell-being,ecosystemservices,resilienceandbiodiversitybenefits”(UNEP,2022,p.1)

Actionstoprotect,sustainablymanage,andrestorenaturalormodifiedecosystems,thataddresssocietalchallengeseffectivelyandadaptively,simultaneouslyprovidinghumanwell-beingandbiodiversitybenefits.

(2016WorldConservationCongress,Resolution069,p.1)

IUCNDefinition

UNEADefinition

Actionstoprotect,conserve,restore,sustainablyuseandmanagenaturalormodifiedterrestrial,freshwater,coastalandmarineecosystems,whichaddresssocial,economicandenvironmentalchallengeseffectivelyandadaptively,whilesimultaneouslyprovidinghumanwell-being,ecosystemservices,resilienceandbiodiversitybenefits.

(2022UnitedNationsEnvironmentalAssembly,Resolution5/5,p.2)

Figure1DefinitionsofNature■basedSolutions

Sources:IUCNMembers'Assembly(2016,p.1);UNEP(2022,p.2).

IUCNGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolutionsTM1

(Figure1).ThisdefinitionwasadoptedbyUNEAinMarch2022,alongwithResolution5/5on“Nature-basedsolutionsforsupportingdevelopment”and14otherresolutions,tostrengthenactionsfornaturetoachievetheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)(UNEP/CBD,2022).

NbScanbeconsideredasanumbrellaconceptcoveringawholerangeofecosystem-basedapproaches,allofwhichaddresssocietalchallenges(Cohen-Shachametal.,2016)(Figures2and3).AsNbSusenaturalprocessestoaddressthesechallenges,theyareinherentlydynamicandrequireadaptivemanagement,ongoingiterativelearning,andtargetedmonitoringtosupportfutureadjustmentsandexpansionamidfutureclimateuncertainties.

Humanhealth

Climatechange

adaptationand

mitigation

Foodsecurity

Disasterriskreduction

SocialandWatersecurity

economic

development

Reversing

ecosystem

degradationandbiodiversityloss

Figure2ConceptualframeworkofNature■basedSolutionsSources:Cohen-Shachametal.(2016);IUCN(2020).

Figure3Mainsocietalchallenges

Sources:IUCNMembers'Assembly(2016);IUCN(2020).

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2IUCNGlobalStandardforNature-basedSolutionsTM

Societalchallenges

Societalchallengescanbedefinedas“complex,multi-level,multi-dimensionalproblemsimpactingecosystems,biodiversityandhumanwell-beingthatrequireconcertedeffortsbyvariousactorstobesuccessfullyaddressed”(Voegtlinetal.,2021,p.1).Societalchallengescouldinclude,amongothers,climatechange,disasterrisk,biodiversityloss,environmentaldegradation,unsustainableresourceuse,andpollution,aswellasensuringfoodsecurity,watersecurity,humanhealth,andsocialande