高中英语选择性必修一U1 拓展词背诵版

选择性必修一Unit1词汇拓展_commit__vt.承诺；保证；犯（罪），做（坏事）vi.忠于（某人等）；全心全意投入（工作等）→__committed__adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→_commitment__n.承诺；投身（的事）__commission__n.委托；佣金；委员会

2._academy_n.(艺术、文学、科学等的）研究院；学会；专科院校→_academic_adj.学业的；学术的→_academically

_adv.学业方面地；学术方面地

3._botanical_adj.植物学的→_botany__n.植物学→_botanist

_n.植物学家

4._evaluate__vt.评价；评估→_evaluation

__n.评价；评估→_value__n.价值；重要性v.重视；为...估价→_valuable__adj.值钱的；很有用的→_valueless__adj.不值钱的(=worthless)→_invaluable(=priceless)__adj.极宝贵的，极有用的_distinct__adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→_distinction_n.差别；区别；对比→__distinctive__adj.独特的；特别的；有特色的→__indistinct__adj.模糊的；不清楚的→__distinguish__vt.辨别，区分_acknowledge_vt.承认（属实.权威等）；（公开）感谢→_acknowledgement__n.承认；感谢__analyse/analyze__vt.分析→__analysis__n.分析→[pl.]_analyses

_→__analytical__adj.分析的→__analyst__n.分析者；化验员→__analyser__n.分析仪_apparently_adv.显而易见；看来；显然→_apparent_adj.显而易见的；表面上9._substance_n.物质；物品；事实根据→_substantial_adj.大量的；价值大的；结实的10.insistv.坚持；坚决要求→_insistence___n.坚持；坚决要求→_insistent___adj.坚持的；坚决的

11._scientific__adj.科学（上）的；关于科学的→_scientifically_adv.科学地→__science___n.科学→_scientist__n.科学家

12._conclusion_n.结论；推论→_conclude___vi.&

vt.推断；得出结论；（使）结束→_conclusive___adj.结论性的；确凿的→_concluding___adj.最后的；结尾的13._novel____n.(长篇）小说

adj.新颖的；与众不同的_→_novelist

__n.小说家

14._found_vt.创建；建立；把···建立在→__founder___n.创建者；发起人→__foundation

__n.地基；基础infer_vt.推断；推定→_inference__n.推断；结论

16._politician__n.从政者；政治家；政客→___politics_n.政治__political___adj.政治的→__policy_n.政策

16._numerous__adj.众多的；许多的→__number

__n.数量

17._relativity__n.相对论；相对性→_relative_adj.相对的；比较的n.亲戚→__relatively__adv.相对地；比较而言

18._gentle___adj.温柔的；文静的，_gently__adv.温柔地：文静地

19._doctorate__n.博士学位，_doctor___n.博士

20._extraordinary_adj.不·般的；非凡的；意想不到的→_ordinary__adj.普通的；一般的；平凡

21._gradually__adv.逐渐地；逐步地→__gradual__adj.逐渐的；平缓的

22.__institution_n.社会公共机构；制度；习俗→____institute_n.(教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑→__

institutional___adj.机构的；慈善机构的

23._consequence__n.结果；后果→_consequent__adj.随之发生的__consequently___adv.因此；所以24._peculiarity_n.个性；特点；怪异的性质→_peculiar__adj.奇怪的；不寻常的；特有的

25._

professor_n.教授→__professional__adj.专业的；职业的___professional____n.专业人士；职业运动员→__professionally__adv.专业地；在职业上

26.__remarkable_adj.非凡的；显著的→___remarkably__adv.非凡地；显著地；格外→__remark__n.谈论；言论；评述；引人注目；显耀v.说起；谈论；评论

27._sum_vi.总结；概括

n.金额；款项；总数；总和→_summary__n.总结；概括；概要

adj.总结性的；概括的提能强化练Ⅰ.阅读理解AWhenshefirststartedlearningaboutclimatechangefromoneofherelders,FawnSharpwasinvitedonahelicopterflightovertheOlympicMountainstosurveytheMountAndersonglacier.Buttheglacierwasgone,meltedbythewarmingclimate.Sharphadadeepsenseoflosswhenshediscoveredtheglacierwasn’tthereanymore.Lossisagrowingissueforpeopleworkingandlivingonthefrontlinesofclimatechange.AndthatgaveJenniferWrenAtkinson,afull-timelecturerattheUniversityofWashingtonBothell,US,anideaforaclass.Thisterm,shetaughtstudentsontheBothellcampusabouttheemotionalburdensofenvironmentalstudies.SheusedtheexperiencesofNativeAmericantribes(部落),scientistsandactivists,andaskedher24studentstofacetherealitythatthereisnoeasyfix—that“thisissuchanintractableproblemthatthey’regoingtobedealingwithitfortherestoftheirlives”.StudentCodyDillonusedtobeaclimatescienceskeptic(怀疑论者).Thenhedidhisownreadingandresearch,andchangedhismind.Dillonwasn’tgoingintoenvironmentalwork—hewasacomputer-sciencemajor.Yet,thepotentialforaworldwideenvironmentalcatastropheseemedsorealtohimfiveyearsagothathequithisjobandbecameafull-timevolunteerforanenvironmentalgroupthatworkedonrestoration(恢复)projects.Sixmonthsintothework,hedecidedthatAtkinson’sclasswasjustwhathewaslookingfor—aplacewherehecoulddiscusshisconcernsaboutachangingclimate.Atkinsonsaidshehopedtheclasshelpedherstudentspreparethemselvesfortheamountofenvironmentallossthatwouldhappenovertheirlifetimes.“Wearealreadychangingtheplanet—somanyspeciesaregoingtobelost,displacedormassivelyimpacted,”shesaid.“Thefutureisn’tgoingtobewhattheyimagined.”1.WhydidtheauthormentionthecaseofFawnSharp?A.TolayabasisforFawnSharp’sfurtherresearch.B.ToproveFawnSharp’sworkissimilartoAtkinson’s.C.Toleadintotheissueoflosscausedbyclimatechange.D.Toshowscientists’concernabouttheMountAndersonglacier.2.What’sthemainpurposeofAtkinson’sclass?A.Toexplorehowdifferentpeopledealwithclimatechange.B.Togetstudentsmoreconcernedabouttheenvironmentalissue.C.TofindsolutionstotheenvironmentalissueofOlympicMountains.D.Toteachstudentshowtoconductresearchaboutenvironment.3.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“intractable”underlinedinparagraph3?A.Simple.B.Difficult.C.Common. D.Interesting.4.HowdidAtkinson’sclassinfluenceDillon?A.Itmadehimworkasapart-timevolunteerforrestorationprojects.B.Itmadehimrealizeaplanet-wideclimatedisasterwouldhappen.C.Itencouragedhimtobemoreinvolvedinenvironmentalprotection.D.Itdiscouragedhimtoworkonrestorationprojectsfortheenvironment.BTosolveabigenvironmentalproblem,chemistshavebeenthinkingsmall.Reallysmall:anewminirobotwiththepurposeofhelpingcleanuptinyplasticpollutingwateracrosstheglobe.Thenewmicrorobots,eachofwhichisnobiggerthanthetipofapencil,aremagnetic(磁性的)andshapedlikefour-pointedstars.Whenthesunlightshinesonthem,theycanswiminaspecificdirection;whenthesunlightdisappears,theystopmoving.Findingapieceofplastic,theyholdontoit,producechemicalreactionsandstarttobreakitdown.TheprojectisledbychemistMartinPumera,aresearcherwhoalsostudieswaystobuildmicrorobotsattheCzechUniversityinPrague.Abouttenyearsago,henoticedthemicroplasticwaseverywhere,fromthebottomoftheoceantotheiceonthetopofmountains.Iteventurnedupindrinkingwater,bothbottledandtapwater.Justthinkabouthowmuchplasticyouencountereveryday.Itdoesn’teasilydegrade(降解),whichisabigproblem.Therefore,Pumerachosetofocusontheproblemofwaterpollutioncausedbymicroplastic.Theresearcherstestedthemicrorobotsonfourtypesofplasticinthelab.Afteraweek,allfourbegandegrading,losingbetween0.5and3percentoftheirweight,whichindicatedtheywerebreakingdown.Therobotsalsoturnedtheplastic’ssmoothsurfaceintorough.Finally,theycouldbecollectedforreusealongwiththeplasticwastewithoutcausingnewpollution.Infact,Pumerasaystheystillhavealongwaytogo.Thesemicrorobotsareunlikelytosucceedindegradingalltypesofplastics.They’llalsoneedalotoftestingtoshowthatthey’resafeinopenwaterways,suchasatsea.Buthethinksthatthesechallengescanbeovercome.Someday,themicrorobotswillplayabigroleinaworldwidecleanupeffort.5.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthenewmicrorobot?A.Itisofaroundshape.B.Itisassmallasapencil.C.Itisdrivenbysunlight.D.Itusesphysicalreaction.6.WhatinspiredPumeratodesignthemicrorobot?A.Theiceonthemountains.B.Secretsoftheoceanbottom.C.Thelackofdrinkingwater.D.Themicroplasticpollution.7.Howdoesamicrorobotdealwiththeplastic?A.Collectingitforreuse.B.Makingitssurfacesmooth.C.Absorbingitcompletely.D.Breakingitdowntosomeextent.8.WhatisPumera’sattitudetotheirfutureresearch?A.Doubtful. B.Confident.C.Regretful. D.Critical.Ⅱ.七选五(2023湖南长沙长郡中学模拟)Humanbodieswereactuallydesignedforwalking,awonderfulformofexerciseatnocost.It’skindtoourbodiesandgreatforourwaistlines.1

Probablyyoualreadylovetowalk,butyou’regettingboredoftracingthesameoldroutedayafterday,ormaybeyou’renewtowalkingandaren’tsurehowtogetstarted.2Askyourself,whatdoyouwanttogetoutofwalkingasidefromthehealthbenefits?Doyouwanttomeetotherpeople?Seenewplaces?Getoutintothecountrysideorexploreanewcity?Knowingyourgoalswillhelpyoudecideonthetypeofwalkyouwanttodo.

Callupyourfriendsandschedulewalkswiththemifsocializingisyouraim.3Manymallshavegroupsthatcomeeveryday,oreveryweekend,to“walkthemall”.Thesegroupsarealwayshappytoincludeonemorewalker!

4Manylargecitieshaveincrediblegardensandparksthatincludequietwalkingtrailsgettingyouoffthebeatenpath.ThankstotheRailstoTrailsprogram,railwaysacrossthecountryarebeingtransformedintoscenicwalkingpathsthatareaperfectwaytoseekcalmness.

Fromthebenefitstoyourhearttoyouroverallhappiness,walkingisjustplaingoodforyou.5It’safantasticwaytogettoknowaplacebythepowerofyourowntwofeet.

A.Thismonth,pickupamapandstartwalking.B.Askyourfriendswheretheyliketowalkandjustgothere.C.Youmayaswellconsiderheadingtoanewcityforachange.D.Eitherway,it’stimetoaccepttheideaofwalkingwithapurpose.E.Recently,sciencehasprovedthatwalkingisgoodforyourbodyshape.F.Andbestofall,it’sagreatwaytoseenewthingsandmeetnewpeople!G.Ifyou’reafterwalkingalone,askaboutlocalhikesthatgetyouawayfromthecrowd.Ⅲ.完形填空InanationalspellingcontestinAmerica,an11-year-oldgirlwasaskedtospellacertainword.Butwithher1voice,thejudgeswerenotsurewhethershespelledtherightword.Theytalkeditoverand2decidedtosimplyaskherwhatshehadsaid.Bythen,thegirlknewshehadmisspelledtheword.Insteadoflying,shetoldthetruththatshehadsaidthe3letter—soshelostthecontest.

Asthegirlwalkedoffthe4,theentireaudiencestood,clappingtoapplaudherhonesty.Later,dozensofnewspaperreporterswroteaboutthis5,eventhoughitcostthegirlthecontest.Butthefactisthatshe6thebiggestcontestthatday:thecontestofhercharacter.

Probablythebiggesttestofourcharacterandhonestyiswhatwewoulddoifweknewwewouldneverget7.Thisyounggirlcouldeasilyhave8andnobodywouldhaveknownitbutherself.Butit’sbeensaidthatifyou9,youmakeyourselfcheap.Thisyounggirlwas10enoughtoprizeherowncharactermorethantheprizefromaspellingcontest.Sheknewthe11shemadeinthatmomentwillhavealong-lastinginfluenceonherfuture.

Shouldthewallet,foundinthestreet,beputintoapocketor12tothepoliceman?Shouldthe13changereceivedatthestorebeforgottenor14?Nobodywillknow.Butwehavetolivewithourselves,anditisalwaysbettertolivewithsomeonewe15.

1.A.high B.sweetC.tough D.soft2.A.finally B.seriouslyC.secretly D.totally3.A.correct B.wrongC.different D.same4.A.stage B.studioC.test D.classroom5.A.lesson B.storyC.courage D.accident6.A.achieved B.brokeC.won D.defeated7.A.paid B.awardedC.reported D.caught8.A.escaped B.liedC.changed D.answered9.A.accept B.fightC.cheat D.insist10.A.smart B.generousC.energetic D.interested11.A.plan B.conclusionC.discovery D.choice12.A.turnedover B.putawayC.setaside D.takendown13.A.small B.someC.extra D.necessary14.A.ignored B.paidC.shared D.returned15.A.protect B.challengeC.respect D.attackⅣ.语法填空(2022全国甲卷)Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep1.(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.

Onthe1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,2.losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation3.(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.4.friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehiscompanionduringthetrip.

CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental5.(protect).Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore6.(meaning).Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1,000plasticbottlesalongthe40-dayjourney.

Inthelastfiveyears,Cao7.(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s8.(high)mountain.

Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.Heflew4,700kilometers9.Xi’antoKashgaronSept.20,10. (plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.

参考答案UNIT1提能强化练Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。FawnSharp通过一次搭乘直升机飞行的经历认识到了冰川融化和环境污染问题的严重性;同时JenniferWrenAtkinson决定给学生开设课程,教学生如何面对环境污染,让更多的学生关注环境问题。1.C推理判断题。通读第一段可知,FawnSharp在一次直升机飞行中意识到气候变化导致了冰川融化。由此可推知,作者在第一段中提及FawnSharp的例子是为了引出下文气候变化导致环境问题的话题。2.B细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,由于气候变化引起环境问题,她产生了在大学开设环境保护课程的想法。由此可知,Atkinson开设课程的目的是让学生更加关注环境问题。3.B词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“noeasyfix”以及下文的“they’regoingtobedealingwithitfortherestoftheirlives”可知,这是一个十分困难的问题,以至于学生们要用他们的余生来解决它。4.C推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Sixmonthsintothework...discusshisconcernsaboutachangingclimate.”可知,Dillon在环保组织做了六个月志愿者之后,他认为在Atkinson的课堂上他可以讨论他对气候变化的担忧。由此可推知,Atkinson的课鼓励Dillon更多地参与到环境保护中。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一种新型微型机器人,它可以帮助清理污染水道的塑料碎片。5.C细节理解题。由第二段中的“Whenthesunlightshinesonthem,theycanswiminaspecificdirection;whenthesunlightdisappears,theystopmoving.”可知,新型微型机器人是由阳光驱动的。故选C项。6.D细节理解题。由第三段中的“Abouttenyearsago,henoticed...easilydegrade,whichisabigproblem.Therefore,Pumerachosetofocusontheproblemofwaterpollutioncausedbymicroplastic.”可知,微塑料不容易降解,无处不在。微塑料污染给环境带来了挑战,这是吸引Pumera从事该项研究的原因之一。由此可知,微塑料污染激发了Pumera设计微型机器人的灵感。故选D项。7.D细节理解题。由第四段中的“Theresearcherstestedthemicrorobotsonfourtypesofplasticinthelab.Afteraweek,allfourbegandegrading,losingbetween0.5and3percentoftheirweight,whichindicatedtheywerebreakingdown.”可知,仅一周时间,塑料的重量减轻,这说明微型机器人可以在某种程度上分解塑料。故选D项。8.B推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Buthethinksthatthesechallengescanbeovercome.Someday,themicrorobotswillplayabigroleinaworldwidecleanupeffort.”可知,Pumera认为,研究中的这些挑战是可以克服的,微型机器人在未来将发挥重要作用。由此可知,他对未来的研究很有信心。故选B项。Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了散步对人的一些好处,以及如何选择散步路线的建议。从对心脏的好处到对整体的快乐,散步是非常好的。文章最后倡导人们开始散步。1.F根据上文“Humanbodieswereactuallydesignedforwalking,awonderfulformofexerciseatnocost.”可知,本句承接上文继续说明散步的好处。故F项符合上下文语境。2.D结合下文“Askyourself...Knowingyourgoalswillhelpyoudecideonthetypeofwalkyouwanttodo.”可知,本句是在说明要带着目标散步,下文一系列设问句是在解释如何寻找目标。故D项符合上下文语境。3.B根据上文“Callupyourfriendsandschedulewalkswiththemifsocializingisyouraim.”可知,如果想要和朋友一起散步社交,那么需要了解他们喜欢去哪里散步。故B项符合上下文语境。4.G根据下文“Manylargecitieshaveincrediblegardensandparksthatincludequietwalkingtrailsgettingyouoffthebeatenpath.”可知,本段是在说明如果想一个人散步,可以选择去大城市的花园或公园里。故G项符合上下文语境。5.A根据上文“Fromthebenefitstoyourhearttoyouroverallhappiness,walkingisjustplaingoodforyou.”并且本段为文章最后一段,有总结上文的作用,上文提到了散步的好处和选择,那么此处应当是倡导人们开始散步。故A项符合上下文语境。Ⅲ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述一个参加拼字比赛的小女孩因为选择