考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷632

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷632

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

In2008,MarkLynas,anenvironmentalactivist,wasunsparinginhiscriticismof

genetically-modified（GM）foodcompanies,callingtheirclaimsthatGMcropscould

feedtheworld"outlandish"anddismissingargumentsthattheycouldbettercopewith

theimpactofclimatechange"anewlineinemotionalblackmail".Inhisspeechatthe

OxfordconferenceonJanuary3rd,Mr.Lynaswasnolessuncompromising.MWewill

havetofeed9.5billionhopefullylesspoorpeopleby2050onaboutthesamelandarea

asweusetoday,usinglimitedfertilizer,waterandpesticides.Theonlywayofsquaring

thiscirclewillbethroughGM."TomMacmillanoftheSoilAssociation,whichpromotes

thepracticeoforganicfarming,dismissedMr.Lynas'sviewsandsaidthatGMcrops

requireextraherbicidesanddearerseedswhileproducingmoreresistantweedsandpests.

Mr.Lynas'sspeechspotlightsagrowingtensionwithiniheenvironmentalmovement

overhowfartoembracetechnologiesthathaveenvironmentalbenefits,whentheywork,

butwhichraisefearsofenvironmentaldisasteriftheydon't.Mr.Lynasmakesthepoint

thatgreensarehappytoacceptscientificfindingswhenitcomestoclimatechange,but

dismissthemasbiasedwhentheyattributebenefitstoGM.Mr.Lynas'sspeechalso

addedintriguingtwiststoanolddebate.Ashepointedout,regulatorydelaysintroduced

asaresultofanti-GMmovementsaregettinglonger.ManyGMcropshavebeenwaiting

adecadeormoreforapproval.Andthishasacost.Mr.LynasquotesfiguresfromCrop

Life,aBrusselsbasedagricultural-technologyassociation,whichshowthatitnowcosts

$139milliontomovefromdiscoveringanewcroptraittofullcommercialization.That

meansonlybigcompaniescanaffordtodoit,saysMr.Lynas.Once,criticismofGM

cropsadvancedonallfronts:thesethingswereunnatural,anabuseofscience;they

wouldbebadforhumanhealthandsoforth.Thescientificfearshavesofarproved

groundless.ThemainbundenofcomplaintnowseemstobethatGMtechnologyisa

productoflargecompanieswhichareunresponsivetopublicconcerns.Thereis

obviouslymuchtobesaidforandagainstthatcharge.Butforthemomentitisworth

notingtwothings.First,howmuchnarrowerthecomplaintisthantheanti-GMcriticism

ofonlyafewyearsago.Andsecond,asMr.Lynashimselfpointsout,howmuchcritics

ofthetechnologyhavethemselvescontributedtothedominanceoflargefirms,byraising

thecostofdevelopingGMcropssohigh.

1、Theword"outlandish'*(Para.1)mostprobablymeans,

funnyandunreasonable

B、creativeandbeneficial

C、strikinglyoutoftheordinary

D^emotionallythreatening

标准答案：A

知识点解析：含义题。第一段主要介绍了马克-莱纳斯对转基因食品公司的坚决批

判。该词所在的句子中存在并列关系:calling...outlandishdismissingarguments

that...,所以此处只能是表负面含义的词。A项的unreasonable与上文的criticism

和下文的dismiss一样都表示莱纳斯先生的批判态度，故为正确答案。

2、TomMacmillancriticizesGMcropsfortheir.

A、incompatibilitywithorganiccrops

B、contributiontoclimatechange

C>unpopularityamongthepublic

D、highcostandharmfuloutcomes

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。由TomMacmillan这个人名定位到第三段。木段指出汤姆-

麦克米伦反对莱纳斯先生的观点是因为转基因作物需要更多的除草剂和更货的种

子，却会产出更多耐药性强的野草及害虫。故D项符合题意。

3、EnvironmentalistsholdthatGMtechnologies.

A、aretrustworthywhentheywork

B、areposingathreattoenvironment

C、havemisledscientificresearch

D、canbringbenefitstoenvironment

标准答案：B

知识点解析：态度题v第四段第二句指出，环保人士赞同“转基因技术导致气候变

化''这一科学发现，却认为“转基因技术为环境带来利益”的科学发现不够客观。

climatechange是指不好的改变。可见环保人士认为转基因技术对环境构成了威

胁。故正确答案为B项。

4、FiguresfromCropLiteassociationarementionedtoshow.

A、thehighexpensesfbrdevelopingnewGMcrops

B、bigcompanies,strengthsinGMcropsmarketing

C>thegreatcostsofanti-GMmovement

D、theworseningofregulatorydelay

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。由cropLife定位到第五段，本段引用CropLife协会统计的

数据，说明从发现转基因作物的新特征到将其商业化这一整个过程需要巨额资金。

而下文也接着指出，这一切又导致了大公司对转基因技术和营销的垄断。因而本段

一环扣一环，重在说明一切问题的源头在于反转基因运动。引用高额的数据正是为

了表明反转基因运动造成的巨大代价。所以正确答案为C项。

5、Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A、GMfoodshavesofarprovedgoodforhumanhealth.

B、Thecriticsarecommiliedtothedominanceoflargefirms.

C>ThetargetofGMcriticismhaschangeddramatically.

D、BigcorporationsignorepublicconcernsoverGMissues.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。文章最后一段指出批评者曾经对于转基因技术是亳不留情，

而如今他们批评的焦点大变（从转基囚食品和作物本身转向外在情况）；指贡垄断转

基因技术的大公司对公众的顾虑毫不关心。因此答案为C项。

Googleistalkingtoautomakersabouthowtobringitsself-driving-cartechnologyto

market,executivessaidTuesday.ProjectdirectorChrisUrmsonsaid,"aself-drivingcar

isprobablystillsixyearsaway".But,headded,"Wearethinkingnowabouthowtobring

thiscartomarket."Thereisalotof"debateinternallyabouthowautomobilescanuse

thistechnology,"saidSebastianThrun,theoriginalleaderofGoogle'sautonomouscar

project."TherewillbeatimewhenasignificantnumberofcarswillcarryGoogle

technology."Google'sco-founderSergeyBrin—Urmson'sboss—saidroughlyayearand

ahalfagothatGoogle'sself-drivingcarwasaboutfiveyearsaway.Urmsonsaidon

Tuesdaythat,"heisworkingonasix-yeartimeline",basedonwhenhis1O-year-oldson

turns16andwillbeableiodriveinCalifornia.BryantWalkerSmith,afellowatStanford

University'sCenterforAutomotiveResearch,said"itcantakeuptosixyearstodesign

andbuildanewcar".Smithsaidanyself-drivingcarreadyinsixyearswouldlikelybe

"limitedintermsofcapability,availability,orgeography."Google'scarlookslikea

regularvehiclebutitusesmultiplesensorsandmapdatainrealtimetounderstandwhere

itisandmaneuverthroughstreetsandhighwayswithouthumanintervention.Theproject

startedin2009andbecameanearlypartofGoogleX,thecompany'sresearchlabfor

risky,long-terminitiatives.SomeonWallStreetareconcernedaboutGoogle'sincreased

focusontheseprojects;however,theyalsogivethecompanyachancetoexpandinto

hugenewmarkets,suchasautos.Urmsonsaid,"Google'sautonomouscarsare

expensive",buthedeclinedtobespecific.That'spartlyduetothelasersensorperchedon

topofthevehicles,whichismadebySiliconVallcy-bascdCompanyVclodync.About

150oftheselaserdevicesareproducedayear,whichincreasesthepriceofthe

component,Urmsonexplained.Besides,ArturoCorral,oneofGoogle'stestdrivers,said,

"weatherisaseriouschallenge".Inheavyrain,thesystemasksdriverstotakeback

controlofthecar.Corralsaid.Googlehasnottestedthevehiclesinsnowyet."Westill

havealongwaytogo,"headded.

6、Google'sco-founderestimatedthatitmaytaketobringGoogle'scarintoreality.

A、fiveyears

B、ayearandahalf

C、sixyears

D、tenyears

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。根据co-founder一词可定位到文章第三段。根据第三段的第

一句话“谷歌联合创始人、厄姆森的老板谢尔盖-布林大约一年半以前曾表示，谷歌

的无人驾驶汽车问世大约需要五年的时间“可知，A项“五年”是正确答案。

7、InParagraph3,"availability"means.

A、efficiency

B、practicality

C、stability

D^accuracy

标准答案：B

知识点解析：含义题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段。根据最后一句“史密斯说，

任何在六年之内研发出来的无人驾驶汽车，从什生能、和驾驶地域等方面来

说都可能有局限性'”可知，B项“实用性”符合语境，因而正确答案是B项。

8、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A、Googlehasalreadybroughtitsself-driving-cartechnologytomarket.

B、ItwilltakethecompanysixyearstomanufactureaperfectGoogle'scar.

C、TherearealotofdisagreementsaboutGoogle'sautomaticnavigationtechnology.

D、ProjectdirectorChrisUimson'ssondrivesaconceptGoogle'scar.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。此题适合使用排除法。C项“在自动导航技术的相关问题上

有不少争议”对应文中的Thereisalotof"debateinternallyabouthowautomobilescan

usethistechnology”,所以C项为正确答案。

9、AccordingtoParagraph4,Google'scarneeds.

A、humaninterventioninnormaldays

B、aregularoperationsystem

C、areal-timemap

D、onlyonespecificsensor

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。艰据文章第四段首句“谷歌的无人驾驶汽车看上去与普通汽

车并无两样，但它使用了多个传感器和实时地图数据，用来快速定位，从而在无需

人为干预的情况下在街道和高速公路上自动行驶”，可判断C项“实时地图”对应文

中信息mapdatainrealtime,所以C项为正确答案。

10^Accordingtothelastparagraph,what'sarealchallengeinthisproject?

A、Thehighresearchanddevelopmentcosts.

B、Disagreementandconflictamongdevelopers.

C、Investors'on-goingworryanddoubt.

D、Operationuncertaintyinharshenvironment.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。眼据文章最后一段首句“此外，一位名叫阿图罗-科拉尔的谷

歌测试车手说，天气因素仍然是一大挑战“，可判断出谷歌汽车面临的挑战与天气

有关，D项“在恶劣环境中稳定运行”是对应原文信息的正确答案。

EllenPaospentthelastfewyearsspotlightingthetechnologyindustry'slackofdiversity,

incourtandbeyond.EricaBakercausedastiratGooglewhenshestartedaspreadsheet

lastyearforemployeestcsharetheirsalaries,highlightingthepaydisparitiesbetween

thoseofdifferenigendersdoingthesamejob.LauraI.Gomezfoundedastan-upfocused

onimprovingdiversityinthehiringprocess.Nowthethreearestartinganeffortto

collectandsharedatatohelpdiversifytherank-and-fileemployeeswhomakeuptech

companies.Thenonprofitventure,calledProjectInclude,wasunveiledonTuesday.As

partofProjectInclude,thegroupplanstoextractcommitmentsfromtechcompaniesto

trackthediversityoftheirworkforcesovertimeandeventuallysharethatdatawithother

start-ups.Theeffortwillfocusonstart-upsthatemploy25to1,000workers,inthehope

ofspurringthecompaniestothinkaboutequalitysoonerratherthanlater.Theproject

willalsoaskforparticipationfromventurecapitalfirmsthatadviseandmentorthestart­

ups.ProjectIncludeaimstohave18companiesaspartofitsfirstcohort;afewhave

alreadysignedup.Thegroupwillmeetregularlyforsevenmonthstodefineandtrack

specificmetrics.Attheendofthatperiod,thegroupwillpublishananonymizedsetof

resultstoshowtheprogress-orlackthereof-thattheslarl-upshavemadearound

diversity.Thegroup'spushisintendedtocutthroughtech'sslowpaceofchangeon

diversity.Largecompanies,includingGoogle,FacebookandMicrosoft,haveopenly

admittedtheirfailingsincreatingdiverseworkforces,andsomehavestartedprogramsto

movetheneedle.Butthathasnotseemedtospurmuchmovementinviewsontheissue.

InDecember,forinstance,MichaelMoritz,apartnerattheventurecapitalfirmSequoia

Capital,madeheadlineswhenhesaidinaninterviewthathisfirm—whichhadnofemale

investmentpartnersintheUnitedStates—wouldfbcusonhiringwomenbutwouldnot

"loweritsstandards"todoso.Healsosaidthefirmwasblindtogenderandrace."Itis

thisincrediblyself-servingmythologythatwearethebestandthebrightest,andthatthe

bestideasrisetothetopandwillgetfunded,"saidMs.KaporKlein,notingthereis

plentyofdatatoshowthatminorityaccesstotechprogramsandnetworksisworsethan

thatofwhitemales."Despiteanavalancheofrigorousdatatothecontrary,thebeliefin

puremeritocracypersists."

11>Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat.

A>EllenPaospentalotoftimediversifyingthecourt'sstructure

B、EricaBakerisanexperiencedHRinGoogle

C^EllenPao,EricaBakerandLauraI.Gomezfoundastart-uptogether

D>ProjectIncludeisaimedtodiversifytheemployeesintechcompanies

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。艰据题干关键词定位到第一段。根据倒数第二句话Nowthe

threearestartinganefforttocollectandsharedatatohelpdiversifytherank-and-file

employeeswhomakeuptechcompanies.可知上述三位创建“容纳计戈『'的目的是使

科技公司的员工构成多样化。故D为正确答案。

12、TheeffortofProjectIncludeonstart-upsexpectsto.

A、obtaincommitmentsfromtechcompanies

obtainrelateddata

C>urgethecompaniestothinkaboutequalityearlier

D、encouragetheventurecapitalfirmstoparticipate

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词定位到第二段。根据Theeffortwillfocuson

start-upsthatemploy25to1,000workers,inthehopeofspurringthecompaniesto

thinkaboutequalitysoonerratherthanlater.可知C项为正确答案。

13、DuringthesevenmonthsProjectIncludewilldothefollowingtothejoined

companiesEXCEPT.

A、makingthemagreewiththecohort

B>meetingthemregularly

C>definingspecificmetrics

D^trackingspecificmetrics

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词定位到第三段。可知“容纳计划”当前的目标

是说服18家企业作为第一批合作者加入进来，有儿家已经签约。该组织会在一个

月的时间里定期组织会议来定义和追踪具体指标。A项属于过度推断。故A项为

正确答案。

14、1'hcphrase"theneedle"(Hara.4)probablyrefersto.

A、diverseworkforces

B、aneedleforweaving

C、viewsondiversification

D、themeasureofProjeclInclude

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词定位到第四段。根据Largecompanies,

includingGoogle,FacebookandMicrosoft,haveopenlyadmittedtheirfailingsin

creatingdiverseworkforces,andsomehavestartedprogramstomovetheneedle.可

知谷歌、脸谱网和微软等大公司己经公开承认自己没能IL员工队伍变得更为多元，

一些公司已经启动了旨在促成改变的计划。联系上下文可知，iheneedle指代的是

diverseworkforces这件事，故A项为正确答案。

15、ItseemsthatMs.KaporKleinbelieves.

A、therootoftheproblemispeople'sarrogance

B、thereisalongwaytoimproveexistingprejudice

CNtheracismisstillserious

D、peopleneedtohaveanopenmind

标准答案：R

知识点解析：推断题。艰据题干关键词定位到最后一段。最后一段主要阐述了卡普

尔・克莱因女士的观点，他认为“就是这种极端自利的谬论——以为我们是最好、最

聪明的，以为最佳的想法会脱颖而出，并得到资金，导致对纯粹精英主义的信奉依

然存在，尽管大量严谨的数据显示事实恰恰相反。”她还指出，大量数据显示，少

数族裔获取科技项目和人脉的渠道要比白人男性差。由此可推断卡普尔-克莱因女

士认为改善R前存在的这种偏见还有很长的路要走。故B项为正确答案。

Nearlyeverybodycheats,butusuallyonlyalittle.ThatisoneofthethemesinDan

Aricly'snewbookThe(Honest)TruthAboutDishonesty.Mostofusthinkwcarcpretty

wonderful.Wccancheatlittleandstillkeepthat"goodperson"identity.Arielyhadone

blindcolleagueandonesightedcolleaguetaketaxirides.Thedriverscheatedthesighted

colleaguebytakinglongroutesmuchmoreoftenthantheycheatedtheblindone,even

thoughshewouldhavebeeneasiertomislead.Theywouldhavefeltguiltycheatinga

blindwoman.Arielypointsoutthatwearedrivenbymoralitymuchmorethanstandard

economicmodelsallow.ButIwasstruckbywhatyoumightcalltheGoodPerson

Constructandthemoralcalculusitimplies.Forthepastseveralcenturies,most

WesternerswouldhaveidentifiedthemselvesfundamentallyasDepravedSinners.Inthis

construct,sinissomethingyoufightlikearecurringcancer-partofadailybattleagainst

evil.Butthesedays,peoplearemorelikelytobelieveintheiressentialgoodness.People

wholivebytheGoodPersonConstructtrytobalancetheirvirtuousself-imagewiththeir

selfishdesires.Theytrytomanagethemoralplussesandminusesandkeeptheiroverall

recordinpositiveterritory.Inthisconstruct,morallifeismorelikedieting:theGood

Personisn'tshootingforperfectionanymorethanmostdietersarefollowingtheirdiet

loopercent.It'senoughtobeworkablysuboptimalandagenerallygoodguy.Obviously,

though,there'sameasurementproblem.Youcanbuyaweightscaletogetanobjective

measureofyourdiet.Butyoucan'tbuyascaleofvirtuestoputonthebathroomfloor.

Andgivenourawesomecapacitiesforrationalizationandself-deception,mostofusare

goingtomeasureourselvesleniently:IwashonestwiththatblindpassengerbecauseI'm

awonderfulperson.Icheatedthesightedonebecausesheprobablyhastoomuchmoney

anyway.Arielysuggestsyouresetyourmoralgaugefromtimetotime.Yourmoral

standardswillgraduallyslipasyoubecomemoreandmorecomfortablewithyourown

rationalizations.I'daddthatyoureallyshouldn'tshootforgoodness,whichissovague

andforgiving.Youshouldshootforrectitude.We'remostlyunqualifiedtojudgeourown

moralperformances,soattachyourselftosomeexteriororsocialstandards.Andaswego

aboutdoingourGoodPersonmoralcalculations,itmightbeworthasking:Isthisgood

enough?

16、TowhichofthefollowingstatementwouldArielyagree?

A^Wearcunlikelytobereallyhonest.

B>Wearedrivenbyeconomicmodels.

C^Abitofdeceptionisunharmful.

D、Peopletendtoclingtomoralcodes.

标准答案：A