考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷13

考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷13

一、阅读9翻译句子）（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共

30分。）

[Fl]Despite【hegeneralnegativefindings,i【isimportarHlorememberIharallchildren

wholiveihroughadivorcedonolbehaveinihesameway.Thespecificbehavior

dependsonthechild'sindividualpersonality,characteristics,ageatthetimeofdivorce,

andgender.[F2]Intermsofpersonality,whencomparedtothoseratedasrelaxedand

easygoing,childrendescribedastemDeramentalandirritablehavemoredifficultycoping

withparentaldivorce,asindeedtheyhavemoredifficultyadaptingtolifechangein

general.Stress,suchasthatfoundindisruptedfamilies,seemstoimpairtheabilityof

temperamentalchildrentoadapttotheirsurroundings,thegreatertheamountofstress,

thelesswelltheyadapt.Incontrast,amoderateamoun;ofstressmayactuallyhelpan

easygoing,relaxedchildlearntocopewithadversity.Thereissomerelationshipbetween

ageandchildren'scharacteristicreactiontodivorce.[F3]AsthechildgrowsolderJhc

greateristhelikelihoodofafreeexpressionofavarietyofcomplexfeelings,an

understandingofthosefeelings,andarealizationthatthedecisiontodivorcecannolbe

altribuledtoanyonesimplecause.Self-blamevirtuallydisappearsaftertheageof6,iear

ofabandonmentdiminishesaftertheageof8,andtheconfusionandfearoftheyoung

childisreplacedintheolderchildbyshame,anger,andself-reflection.Genderofthe

childisalsoafactorthatpredictsthenatureofreactiontodivorce.Theimpactofdivorce

isinitiallygreateronboysthanongirls.Theyaremoreaggressive,lesscompliant,have

greaterdifficultiesininterpersonalrelationships,andexhibitproblembehaviorsbothat

homeandatschool.Furthermore,theadjustmentproblemsofboysarestillnoticeable

eventwoyearsafterthedivorce.Girls'adjustmentproblemsareusuallyinternalized

ratherthanactedout,andareoftenresolvedbythesecondyearafterthedivorce.

However,newproblemsmaysurfaceforgirlsastheyenteradolescenceandadulthood.

Howcantherelativelygreaterimpactofdivorceonboysthanongirlsbeexplained?

[F4]Thegreatermaleaggressionandnoncompliancemayreflectthefactthatsuch

behaviorsarctoleratedandevenencouragedinmalesinourculturemorethantheyarcin

females.Furthermore,boysmayhaveaparticularneedforastrongmalemodelofself­

control,aswellasforastrongdisciplinarianparent.[F5]Finally,boysaremorelikely

tobeexposedto[heirparints'fightsthangirlsare,andafterthebreakup,boysaieless

likelythangirlstoreceivesympathyandsuppoilfrommothers,teachers,orpeers.

1、[Fl]

标准答案：尽管父母离异普遍对孩子有负面影响，但不是所有经历父母离异的孩子

都会有一样的行为反应，记住这一点很重要。

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、[F2]

标准答案：在个性方面，那些被认为喜怒无常和性格急躁的孩子与个性温和又容易

相处的孩子相比，更难以应对父母的离异，因为他们一般更难以适应生活上的变

化。

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、[F3]

标准答案：随着孩子年龄的增长，他们更可能自由表达各种各样复杂的感情，更可

能理解这些情感，也更能意识到父母离异的决定不能归结于任何一个简单的原因。

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、[F4]

标准答案：男孩更具攻击性和不驯服可能反映这样一个事实，在我们的文化中这种

行为发生在男孩身上更容易得到宽容与鼓励。

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、[F5]

标准答案：最后，与女孩相比，男孩更容易看到父母吵架，而且，在父母离异后，

他们也不大可能像女孩那样受到母亲、老师或者同龄人的同情和支持。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Theprovisionofpositiveincentivestoworkinthenewsocietywillnotbeaneasytask.

[Fl]Buiihemostdifficultlaskufallislodeviseiheultimaleandfinalsanctionlo

replacetheultimatesanctionofhunger—theeconomicwhipoftheolddispensation.

Moreover,inasocietywhichrighllyrejectsthepretenceofseparatingeconomicsfrom

politicsanddeniestheautonomyoftheeconomicorder,thatsanctioncanbefoundonly

insomeconsciousactofsociety.Wecannolongerasktheinvisiblehandtodoourdirty

workforus.IconfessthatIamlesshorror-struckthansomepeopleattheprospect,

whichseemstomeunavoidable,ofanultimatepowerofwhatiscalleddirectionof

labourrestinginsonicarmofsociety,whetherinanorganofstateoroftradeunions.I

shouldindeedbehorrifiedifIidentifiedthisprospectv/ithareturntotheconditionsof

thepre-capitalistera.Theeconomicwhipoflaissez-faireundoubtedlyrepresentedan

advanceontheserf-likeconditionsofthatperiod:inthatrelativesense,theclaimof

capitalismtohaveestablishedforthefirsttimeasystemof"free"labourdeservesrespect.

[F2]ButthedirectionoflabourasexercisedinGreatBritainintheSecondWorldWar

seemstometorepresentasgreatanadvanceovertheeconomicwhipoftheheydayof

capitalistprivateenterpriseastheeconomicwhiprepresentedoverprc-capitalistserfdom.

Muchdependsontheeffectivenessofthepositiveincentives,much,too,onthesolidarity

andself-disciplineofthecommunity.Afterall,underthesystemoflaissez-faire

capitalismthefearofhungerremainedanultimatesanctionratherthanacontinuously

operativeforce.[F3]Itwouldhavebeenintolerableiftheworkerhadbeennormally

driventoworkbyconsciousfearofhunger;nor,cxcepiintheearlyandworstdaysof」hc

IndustrialRevolution,didihalnormallyhaDpen.[F4]Similarlyinth。societyoftha

fuliireihepowerofdirectionshouldberegardedno【somuchasaninslrumenlofdaily

usebutratherasanultimatesanctionheldinreservewherevoluntarymethodsfail.Itis

inconceivablethat,inanyperiodorinanyconditionsthatcannowbeforeseen,anyorgan

ofstateinGreatBritainwouldbeinaposition,evenifithadthewill,tomarshaland

deploythelabourforceoverthewholeeconomybymilitarydisciplinelikeanarmyinthe

field.[F5]This,likeothernightmaresofatotallyplannedeconomy,canbeleftto〔hose

wholikelofrightenthemselvesandotherswithscarecrows.

6、[Fl]

标准答案：然而最困难的是找到一种最严厉的处罚来取代饥饿处罚——旧的分配方

式中的经济激励手段。

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、[F2]

标准答案：但是，英国在二战中实行的对劳动力的管理对于我来说，如同代表前资

本主义农奴制的经济激励手段一样，似乎也代表了资本主义私人企业全盛时期经济

激励手段的巨大进步。

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、[F3]

标准答案：如果工人有意识地被饥饿的恐惧感驱赶着去工作，那是不可容忍的，而

且除了在工业革命早期最糟糕的阶段，这种事情也通常不会发生。

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、[F4]

标准答案：同样，在未来的社会中，管理的权力不应当被视为一项日常使用的工

具.而应当被看作备用的一种最严厉的制裁，只有在自愿的方法不管用的时候才使

用。

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、[F51

标准答案：这种像计划经济一样的恶梦，可以留给那些喜欢用稻草人吓自己或吓别

人的人。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Overthelastdecade,demandforthemostcommoncosmeticsurgeryprocedures,like

breastenlargementsandnosejobs,hasincreasedbymorethan400percent.Accordingto

Dr.DaiDavies,ofthePlasticSurgeryPartnershipinHammersmith,themajorityof

cosmeticsurgerypatientsarenotchasingphysicalperfection.Rather,theyaredrivento

fantasticlengthstoimprovetheirappearancebyadesiretolooknormal."[Fl]Whatwe

allcraveislolooknoimal,andnormaliswhatisprescribedbyiheadverlisingmediaand

otherexlemalpressures.Theygiveusaperceptionofwhatisphysicallyacceptableand

wefeelwemustlooklikethat."[F2]InAmerica,thedebateisnolongerabout

whethersurgeryisnoimal;rather,itcentresonwhatagepeopleshouldbebeforegoing

undertheknife.NewYorksurgeonDr.GerardImbcrrecommends"maintenance"work

forpeopleintheirthirties."Theideaofwaitinguntiloneneedsaheroictransformationis

ThemostthoroughlystudiedintellectualsinthehistoryoftheNewWorldarethe

ministersandpoliticalleadersofscvcntccnth-ccnturyNewEngland.Accordingtothe

standardhistoryofAmericanphilosophy,nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas"So

muchimportanceattachedtointellectualpursuits."[Fi]Accordingtomanybooksand

articles.NewEngland'sleadersestablish6dthebasicthemesandDreoccupationsofan

unfolding,dominantPurilantraditioninAmericanintellectuallife.[F2]Totakethis

approachtotheNewEnglandersnoimallymeanstostartwiththePuritans'theological

innovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboulthechurch—imporlantsubjectsthatwemay

nolneglect.Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallife,wemay

considertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture,adjustingtoNewworld

circumstances.TheNewEnglandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthe

pursuitofwidelyunderstoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity.Theearlysettlersof

MassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationandinfluenceinEngland.

BesidestheninetyorsolearnedministerswhocametoMassachusettschurchesinthe

decadeafter1629,therewerepoliticalleaderslikeJohnWinthrop,aneducated

gentleman,lawyer,andofficialoftheCrownbeforehejourneyedtoBoston.[F3]

Thesemenwioteandpublishedextensively,】eachingbothNewWorldandOldWorld

audiences,andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualearnestness.Wcshould

notforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated.[F4]While

fewcraflsmenor「aimers,leialonedependenlsandservanls,leflliterarycomposilionslo

beanalyzed,itisobvious由aliheiiviewswerelessfullyintelleclualized.Theirthinking

oftenhadatraditionalsuperstitiousquality.AtailornamedJohnDane,whoemigratedin

thelate1630s,leftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEnglandthatisfilledwithsigns.

Sexualconfusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope—allcametogetherina

decisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthefirstlinehesawwould

settlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:"comeoutfromamongthem,touchno

uncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodandyoushallbemypeople."Onewonderswhat

DanethoughtofthecarefulsermonsexplainingtheBiblethatheheardinpuritan

churches.[F5]Meanwhile,manysettleshadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthan

Dane's,asoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthecoastwhomockedthat

theyhadnotcometotheNewworldforreligion."Ourmainendwastocatchfish.”

16、[Fl]

标准答案：根据大量书籍和文献记载，新英格兰的领袖确立了美国知识生活中逐渐

发展并占据统治地位的清教传统的基本主题和关注要点。

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、[F2]

标准答案：以这种方法看待新英格兰人通常意味着要从这些清教徒的神学变革以及

他们对教会的独特观念入手—这些是不容忽略的主题。

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、[F3]

标准答案：这些人广泛著书并出版，同时被新大陆和旧大陆的读者们所熟悉，为新

英格兰营造了一种求知的氛围。

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、[F4]

标准答案：虽然只有极少数手工艺者、农民(更不用说侍从和仆人了)留下了可供分

析的文学作品，但显然池们的观点不那么学术化。

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、[F5]

标准答案：此外，很多移民并没有丹奈这么虔诚的宗教信仰。正如一名牧师在与沿

海地区渔民相遇时所了解到的：他们嘲弄地说来新大陆不是为了宗教，“我们主要

是来捕鱼的”。

知识点解析：暂无解析

[Fl]During【hepaslgeneration,iheAmericanmiddle-classfamilyiharoncecould

counlonhardworkand「airplaylokeepitselffinanciallysecurehasbeenuansfonnedby

economicriskandnewrealities.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearing

spousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.In

justonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamily

economics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocial

implicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisen

aswell.Today'sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.

[F2]AsaresulL(heyhavelusl(heparachuleiheyoncehadinlimesoffinancial

setback-aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointo〔heworkforceiftheDrimary

earnergotlaidofforfellsick.This"added-workereffect"couldsupportthesafetynet

offeredbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbad

times.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextra

incomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.Duringthesameperiod,familieshave

beenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.[F3]Steelworkers,

airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswho

mustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythatthey

mayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBush

campaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestrading

muchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.

Foryoungerfamilies,thepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcare

andtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen—andnewlyfashionableheakh-savings

plansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigher

deductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies'futurehealthcare.

[F4]Evendemographicsareworkingagainstihemiddleclassfamily,asiheoddsof

havingaweakelderlyparenl—andallIheatlendanlneedforphysicalandfinancial

assistance-havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.[F5]Fromthemiddle-class

familyDerspective.muchofthis,underslandably.looksfarlesslikeanopportunityto

exercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrightening

accelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdened

shoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

21、【Fl】

标准答案：上几代的美国中产阶级家庭曾经依赖勤奋工作和公平竞争来确保家庭经

济的安全，可是经济风险和新的现实的到来使这种安全发生了变化。

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、[F2]

标准答案：结果，他们就失去了在经济困难时期具有的保护伞——作为后备力量的

赚钱者（通常是妈妈），如果家庭主要经济支柱失业了或者生病了，这个后备军就可

以进入劳动力市场。

知识点解析：暂无解析

23、[F3]

标准答案：钢铁工人、航空公司职员，现在还有汽车企业员工都在担心利率，股票

市场的波动以及自己会在有生之年花光退休金的严酷现实，这样的家庭有成百上千

万个。

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、[F4]

标准答案：甚至人口统计学的结果也对中产阶级家庭不利，因为如果有一个年老力

衰的父亲或母亲，随之而来的照料所需要的精力和财力在一代的时间内也增加了八

倍。

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、[F5]

标准答案：从中产阶级家庭的角度来看，我们可以理解到，在大多数情况下，前面

提到的看起来似乎不是一个能够承担更多经济责任的机会，而更像是一个把经济风

险大规模加速转移到他们已不堪重负的肩膀上的过程。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.No

longer.Whiletraditional'paid"media—suchastelevisioncommercialsandprint

advertisements—stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternative

formsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate"earned"mediaby

willinglypromotingittofriends,andacompanymayleverage"owned"mediaby

sendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.

[Fl]Thewayconsumersnowapproach【heprocess0fmakingpurchasedecisions

meansthatmarkeling'simpactstemsfromabroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconvenlicnal

paidmedia.Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirown

products.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers'responses.But

insomecases,onemarketer'sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer'spaidmedia一for

instance,whenane-commcrceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.[F2]Wcdefine

suchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficisscstrongthatotherorganizationsplace

theirconlenlore-commerceengineswilhinihalenvironment.Thistrend,whichwe

believeisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchas

airlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&Johnson,forexample,has

createdBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryand

evencompetitiveproducts.[F3）Besidesgeneratingincome,thepresenceofother

marketersmakes」hesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopDortunitiestolearnvaluable

informationabouttheappealofothercompanies'