高中英语选择性必修一Unit 4 Body Language 同步知识清单

高二英语同步必备知识清单选择性必修第一册Unit4词汇知识清单词汇知识清单1PartIReadingandTeraction n.交流；相互影响2.appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的3.demonstrate vt.表现；表达；说明；证明4.gesture n.姿势；姿态5.identical adj.相同的6.interpret vt.把……理解（解释）为vi.&vt.口译7.cheek n.面颊；脸颊8.bowvi.鞠躬；点头vt.低（头）9.barrier n.隔阂；障碍10.fake adj.假装的；假的；冒充的11.anger n.愤怒;怒气vt.使生气；激怒12.reliableadj.可靠的；可信赖的13.trial n.审判；试验；试用14.slight adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的15.slightly adv.略微；稍微16.twin adj.挛生儿之一；双胞胎之一17.assessment n.评价；评定 assess vt.评估；评价18.internal adj.内部的；里面的19.pose n.故作姿态；（为画像、拍照等摆的）姿势；摆好姿势20.reveal v.揭示；显示;露出21.educator n.教师；教育工作者；教育家22.lower v.把……放低；降低；减少adj.下面的；下方的；较小的23.imply v.意味；暗示24.barely v.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚25.ceiling n.天花板;上限26.perceive w.察觉；看待：理解27.distinguish vt.&vi.区分；辨别28.chest n.胸部；胸膛29.embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的30.merely adv.只是；仅仅；只不过31.callon （短暂地）访问；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请32.weep vi.&vi.哭泣；流泪33.inquire （=enquire）vi.&vt询问；打听34.ultimately adv.最终；最后35.react v.（对）……起反应；回应；（对食物等）有不良反应36.component n.组成部分；零件37.tone n.语气；腔调；口吻ReviewingImportantWordseq\a\vs4\al(知识要点1)varyvi.(根据情况)变化；改变(教材P38)Justlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture.就像口语一样，身体语言也因文化而异。[例1]Thetemperaturevariesfromtimetotime.温度常常变化。[例2]Theswordhardlyvariedinformfromthe12thtothe15thcentury.剑的样式从12世纪到15世纪几乎没有什么改变。[知识拓展](1)varyinsth. 在某方面不同varywithsth. 随……而变化varybetween...and... 由……到……情况不等(2)varietyn. 变化；种类；多样性avarietyof＝varietiesof 许多的；各种各样的(3)variousadj. 各种各样的eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点2)approvevi.赞成；同意vt.批准；通过(教材P38)Inothercountries,bycontrast,eyecontactisnotalwaysapprovedof.相比而言，在其他国家，眼神交流并不总是被接受的。[例1]Theministerapprovedthebuildingplan.部长批准了该建筑计划。[例2]Herfatherwillneverapproveofhermarriagetoyou.他父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。[翻译]我非常赞成这些新的测试。Iverymuchapproveofthesenewtests．[知识拓展](1)approveof 赞成；同意approveofsb./sb.'s(doing)sth. 同意某人(做)某事(2)approvaln. 赞成；同意；批准；认可giveone'sapprovalto 批准某人……eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点3)witnessvt.当场看到；目击；见证n．目击者；证人(教材P38)InJapan,someonewhowitnessesanotherpersonemployingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。[例1]Awitnesswasexaminedbyhiminacourtoflaw.他在法庭上质问一个证人。[例2]Hegavewitnessonbehalfofanaccusedperson.他为被告作证。[知识拓展](1)witnesssth. 目击了某事witnessto(doing)sth. 证实，证明(做)某事witnessfor 为……作证(2)beawitnesstosth. 是某事的证据/证人bear/givewitnessto 做……的证人；为……作证eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点4)differvi.不同于；相异(教材P38)Eventhegesturesweusefor“yes”and“no”differaroundtheworld.甚至我们用作“是”和“不”的手势也因地而异。[例1]JapanesediffersgreatlyfromFrenchinpronunciation.日语发音和法语大不相同。[例2]Conditionsofemploymentdifferaccordingtothetypeofcompanyyouareworkingfor.雇佣条件因供职公司的不同而有差异。[知识拓展](1)differfrom... 与……不同/有区别differin... 在……方面不同differwithsb.on/about/oversth. 与某人在某事上持不同(看法)(2)differentadj. 不同的bedifferentfrom... 与……不同(3)differencen. 不同，差别makeadifference(to...) (对……)有作用或影响eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点5)favourvt.较喜欢；选择；有利于n．帮助；恩惠；赞同(教材P38)Elsewhere,peoplefavourshakinghands,bowingfromthewaist,ornoddingtheheadwhentheymeetsomeoneelse.在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。[例1]Amothershouldn'tshowtoomuchfavourtooneofherchildren.母亲不应该对一个孩子表现出过多的宠爱。[例2]Imustdeclinetoshowfavourtoanyofthecandidates.我必须拒绝偏袒任何一位候选人。[知识拓展]dosb.afavour＝doafavourforsb. 帮某人的忙infavourof... 支持……asksb.forafavour＝askafavourofsb.请求某人帮忙inone'sfavour 对某人有利eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点6)breakdown消除；分解；打破(教材P39)Asmilecanbreakdownbarriers.微笑可以打破障碍。[例1]Ourcarbrokedownandwehadtodrawittoagarage.我们的车坏了,不得不把它拖到修车厂去。[例2]Bythenthegatewasbeingbrokendown.那时候大门快要被砸开了。[知识拓展]breakawayfrom 脱离；摆脱；挣脱；打破陈规breakin 闯入；强行进入breakout 突然发生；爆发(不用于被动语态)breakup 打碎；分裂；解体；解散eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点7)reliableadj.可信赖的；可靠的(教材P39)Whichisamorereliableguideforunderstandingsomeone'sfeelings:theirbodylanguageorthewordstheyspeak?哪一种方式更能帮助我们理解别人的感受：是肢体语言还是他们说的语言？[例1]Ithasahighlyreliablecontrolsystem.它具备一套极可靠的控制系统。[例2]He'sagoodmusicianandtotallyreliable.他是个出色的音乐家，而且非常可靠。[知识拓展](1)areliablefriend 可靠的朋友bereliableas 作为……是可靠的(2)relyv. 信任；信赖；依赖；依靠relyon/upon 依靠；依赖relyonitthat... 相信SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)不定式短语作后置定语(教材P38)Forexample,makingeyecontact—lookingintosomeone'seyes—insomecountriesisawaytodisplayinterest.例如，在一些国家，进行眼神交流——直视某人的眼睛——是表现出兴趣的一种方式。句式分析：不定式短语todisplayinterest作后置定语，修饰away。[例1]Themeetingswereawaytogetacquaintedwitheachother.这些会议是一种相互结交的途径。[例2]Thebestwaytodealwithateaseistoignorehim.对付爱捉弄人的人的最佳方法就是不搭理他。[知识拓展](1)在thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thenext,theonly等词和形容词最高级后或在被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。(2)在time,way,chance,ability,promise等抽象名词后，常用不定式作定语。eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)whendoing...(教材P38)InJapan,itmaydemonstraterespecttolookdownwhentalkingtoanolderperson.在日本，当你和年长的人说话时，低头可能是对长辈的尊重。句式分析：句中whentalkingtoanolderperson是一个省略句，补全后为：whenyouaretalkingtoanolderperson。[例1]Whenseeingthenaughtychild,theteachersympathizedtohismother.当看到那个淘气的孩子时,老师对他的母亲表示很同情。[例2]Ikeptadiaryeverydaywhile(Iwas)travelling.在那次旅行期间，我每天都写日记。[知识拓展]当when，while，before，after，unless，asif，if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式3)比较级的否定形式表示最高级含义(教材P39)Andifwearefeelingdownorlonely,thereisnothingbetterthanseeingthesmilingfaceofagoodfriend.如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。句式分析：句中nothingbetterthan是比较级的否定形式表示最高级的含义。[例1]Personally,shewouldlikenothingbetterthantoacceptthisinvitation.就她个人来说，她巴不得接受这次邀请。[例2]Peterlikesnothingbetterthangoingtothecoastandmessingaboutinhisboat.彼得最喜欢去海边，毫无目的地让船在海中漂荡。[知识拓展]最高级意义的多种表达法：(1)否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than)(2)否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as(3)比较级＋than＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(alltheother＋名词复数,theother＋名词复数,anyother＋名词单数,anyoftheother＋名词复数,anything/anyoneelse))PartIIUsingLanguage&AssessingYourProgresseq\a\vs4\al(知识要点1)assessmentn.评价；评定(教材P40)Wemakeassessmentsandinferencesfrombodylanguage.我们从肢体语言进行评估和推断。[例1]Whatisyourassessmentofthesituation?你对时局的看法如何？[例2]Thereislittleassessmentofthedamagetothenaturalenvironment.几乎没对自然环境破坏程度作出评估。[知识拓展]assessvt. 评估；评定assesssth.at 评估某物(多少钱)beassessedas... 被评定为……assess＋从句 评定；估定eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点2)inotherwords换句话说；也就是说(教材P43)Inotherwords...换句话说……[例1]Inotherwords,shemustgiveupsinging.换言之,她必须放弃唱歌。[例2]Inotherwords,theicebeginstomelt.换句话说,冰开始融化了。[知识拓展]ina/oneword 总而言之haveawordwithsb. 与某人说(私)话havewordswithsb. 与某人吵架keep/breakone'sword 遵守诺言/失信beyondwords 无法用言语表达inwords 用语言wordcamethat... 有消息说……[名师点津](1)与inotherwords意思相同的表达有：namely,thatis,thatistosay,inanotherword。(2)word表示言辞、语言时通常用复数words；表示新闻、消息时是不可数名词。eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点3)occupyvt.占据；占用(教材P44)Withtheirchinsontheirhands,theyoccupythemselvesbystaringoutofthewindoworupattheceiling.双手托着下巴，他们专心于盯着窗外或天花板。[例1]Mr.WhiteoccupiesanimportantpositionintheMinistryofEducation.怀特先生在教育部里担任要职。[例2]Heoccupiedhimselfincollectingstamps.他忙于集邮。[知识拓展](1)beoccupiedindoingsth./withsth.忙于做某事occupyoneselfwithsth./indoingsth. 忙于某事；专心于某事keepsb.occupied 使某人忙碌(2)occupationn. 占用；职业eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点4)distinguishvi.&vt.区分；区别；辨别(教材P44)Whileitiseasytoperceivewhenstudentsareinterested,bored,ordistracted,itissometimesmuchhardertodistinguishwhenstudentsaretroubled.尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。[例1]Wecandistinguishbetweengoldandsilver.我们能区分金和银。[例2]Hedistinguishedhimselfinphysics.他在物理方面享有盛名。识拓展](1)distinguishbetween...and... 区分/辨别……和……distinguish...from... 使……有别于……的特征；区别/辨 别……和……distinguishoneselfby... 通过……显示自己或使自己扬名distinguishoneself(as...) (作为……)表现突出(2)distinguishedadj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的bedistinguishedfor... 因……而出名eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点5)(教材P44)Theymayalsohidetheirfacesintheirhandsliketheyareembarrassedorashamed.他们也可能用手掩面，就像他们感到尴尬或羞愧一样。(1)embarrassedadj.尴尬的；难堪的[例1]Aparrotcansometimesmakeyouembarrassed.鹦鹉有时候会让人很尴尬。[例2]Hebecameembarrassedwhenajournalistaskedhimpointedquestionsabouthisfinances.一名记者对他的经济情况接连提出尖锐的问题，他很是尴尬。[知识拓展](1)be/feelembarrassedtodosth.对做某事感到尴尬be/feelembarrassedabout/atsth. 对某事感到难为情/不知所措(2)embarrassvt. 使难堪，使局促不安embarrassingadj. 令人难堪的embarrassmentn. 难堪，困窘(2)ashamedadj.羞愧；惭愧[例1]Herhusbandfeltashamedatherbehaviour.她丈夫为她的行为感到害臊。[例2]Hefeltverymuchashamedwheneverheencounteredanyofhisoldmates.每当遇到老相识时，他总是感到很难为情。[知识拓展](1)beashamedof(doing)sth. 因(做了)某事而感到羞愧beashamedtodosth. 耻于做……；因难为情而不愿做……beashamedthat... 对……感到内疚(2)shamen. 羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事It'sashamethat... ……真让人遗憾Whatashame/pity! 真可惜！eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点6)callon(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请(教材P44)Somestudentsactthiswaymerelybecausetheyareafraidofbeingcalledonbytheteacher.有些学生这样做只是因为他们害怕老师叫他们。[例1]Ilikethatyoushouldcallonmefrequently.我喜欢你经常来拜访我。[例2]Hecalledonhisfriendstohelphim.他向朋友求助。[知识拓展]callback 召唤某人回来；回电话callfor 要求；需要；接(某人)callin 请来；召集calloff 取消callup 给……打电话；(使)回忆起；征召……入伍eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点7)bothervi.&vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心n．麻烦；不便(教材P44)However,ifastudentdoesnotbothertobrushherhairandhereyesareredfromweeping,thenIcaninferthattherearedeeperissuesatwork.但是，要是学生懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能够推断她遇到了更严重的问题。[例1]Thankyou,butpleasedon'tbother.谢谢,但请你不要费事了。[例2]Whatabother!We'vemissedthebus.真恼人！我们错过了公交车。[知识拓展](1)bothersb.withsth. 因某事打扰或麻烦某人bothertodo/doingsth. 操心做某事itbotherssb.that/todosth. 使某人苦恼的是……Don'tbother. 不用费心了。(2)putsb.toanybother 给某人添乱/让某人心烦eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点8)conflictn．矛盾；冲突vi.冲突；抵触(教材P44)Itcouldbethatsheishavingseriousconflictswithotherstudentsorathome.可能是她和其他学生或在家里发生了严重的冲突。[例1]Itisnotsurprisingthatsuchaviewhasledtoveryconsiderableconflict.这样的一种观点引起很大的分歧是不足为怪的。[例2]DoBritishimmigrationlawsconflictwithanyinternationallaws?英国的移民法与国际法有抵触吗？[知识拓展](1)inconflictwith 与……冲突/与……矛盾comeintoconflictwith 与……冲突/与……矛盾(2)conflictwith 与……矛盾/冲突eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点9)adjustvt.调整；调节vi.&vt.适应；(使)习惯(教材P44)Theirbodylanguageletsmeknowwhentoadjustclassactivities,whentointervene,andwhentotalktostudentsindividually...他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候调整课堂活动，什么时候进行干预，什么时候与学生单独交谈……[例1]Adjustyourlanguagetotheageofyouraudience.要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。[例2]Youwillquicklyadjustyourselftostudentlife.你将很快适应学生生活。[知识拓展](1)adjuststh.tosth. 调整……以适应……adjustto(doing)sth. 适应/习惯(做)某事adjustoneselfto... 使自己适应……(2)adjustableadj. 可调节的；可调整的(3)adjustmentn. 调整；调节makeadjustmentsto 对……做出调整SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)部分否定(教材P44)Ofcourse，noteveryonewholooksupispayingattentioninclass.当然，并不是每个抬头看的人上课都专心。句式分析：句中noteveryone...＝everyone...not...，意为“并非每个人都……”，为部分否定。[例1]Noteveryoneintheworldwillbekindandcaringtowardsyou.并非世上每个人都会对你友善关心。[例2]Unsurprisingly,noteveryoneagreesthatthingsarebetter.不出所料，并非人人都认同情况有所好转。[知识拓展](1)当not与all，both，everyone，everything，everywhere等词连用时为部分否定，意为“并不都……”。(2)当not与any，anyone，anywhere，anything连用或出现no，nothing，nobody，nowhere，none时是完全否定。eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)asthough引导表语从句(教材P44)Itisasthoughtheyareasleepwiththeireyesopen.好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。句式分析：句中asthough意为“仿佛；好像”，引导的是表语从句。[例1]Itsoundsasthoughthereisaknockatthedoor.听起来好像有人在敲门。[例2]Itseemsasthoughitwasspringalready.现在好像是春天了。[知识拓展](1)asthough/if意为“仿佛；好像”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。(2)asthough/if后面的从句可用虚拟语气，表示一种假设或不大可能的事。从句表示与现在事实相反时，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反时，用had＋过去分词；表示将来的可能性不大的情况时，用would/could/might＋动词原形。(3)从句的省略：若asthough/if引导的从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语为be，则省略“从句主语＋be”，从句就变成了“asthough/if＋形容词/副词/名词/介宾短语/分词/不定式”。语法知识清单语法知识清单2动词ING形式的用法一、动词­ing形式作宾语1．作动词的宾语接动词­ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：avoid，miss，delay/putoff避免错过少延期advise，finish，practise建议完成多练习enjoy，imagine，can'thelp喜欢想象禁不住admit，deny，envy承认否定与嫉妒escape，risk，excuse逃避冒险莫原谅stand，keep，mind忍受保持不介意Headmittedreferringtohisnotesintheexam.他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。Shecan'tstandbeinglookeddownuponinpublic.她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起的感觉。Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打开窗子吗？Hetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。2．作介词的宾语在下面的短语中，常用动词­ing形式作介词的宾语：begoodat，dreamof，careabout，beconcernedabout，beinterestedin，feellike，insiston，thinkof，aimat，setabout，beusedto习惯于；getdownto开始做；leadto导致；devoteoneselfto献身于……；lookforwardto期待；stickto坚持；payattentionto注意。Idreamofsailingaroundtheworldandleadingahappylife.我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。I'mlookingforwardtoyourcomingnexttime.我期待着你下一次的到来。Becauseofthebadweather，theyhavetogiveupgoingoutforapicnictomorrow.因为天气不好，他们不得不放弃明天的外出野餐。3．在以下结构中，动词­ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。spend...(in)doing花费……做某事havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing...做……有困难/麻烦stop/prevent...(from)doing阻止……做某事wastetime(in)doing浪费时间做某事bebusy(in)doing忙于做某事haveagood/hardtime(in)doing高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事Thereisnopoint(in)doing做某事毫无意义Heisalwaysbusyworkingeveryday，whichhasmadehimhavelittletimetoplaywithhischild.他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。Thereisnopointgivinghimsuchagoodchance.给他提供这样一个好机会没有意义。4．动词­ing形式作宾语时的几个特殊情况(1)动词­ing的复合结构。eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(名词（宾格）/名词's所有格,代词（宾格）/形容词性物主代词))＋动词­ingWouldyoumindmy/meclosingthewindow?你介意我关上窗户吗？WouldyoumindMary's/Maryclosingthewindow?你介意玛丽关上窗户吗？(2)某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词­ing作宾语。①动词begin，start，continue等词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词­ing作宾语，意义基本相同。Theycontinueddiscussing/todiscusstheplanafterhavingarest.休息了一会后，他们继续讨论这项计划。②动词love，like，hate等后可跟动词­ing和不定式作宾语，但接动词­ing表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。Ilovewalkingwithmyfriendonasunnyday.(习惯)我喜欢和朋友在一个阳光明媚的日子里散步。Itisapleasantdaytoday，soIlovetohaveawalkwithmyfriend.(具体)今天是个令人愉快的日子，所以我想和朋友一起散散步。③一些动词后既可跟动词­ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别。Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘记他已经关了灯。Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.办公室的灯还亮着。他忘记关了。(3)用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词­ing形式。其结构如下：主语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(think,consider,find,feel,believe))＋it＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(useless,nouse,nogood,...))＋doing...Ifoundituseless/nousearguingaboutit.我发现争论这件事没有用。Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?你觉得再试会有用吗？(4)在动词need，require，want，deserve后，用动词­ing形式表示被动含义，即need/require/want/deservedoing＝need/require/want/deservetobedone。Theseclothesneedwashing.＝Theseclothesneedtobewashed.这些衣服需要洗。Thehouserequiresrepairing.＝Thehouserequirestoberepaired.这座房子需要修理。(5)在(be)worth后面只能用动词­ing形式来表示被动含义。Thefilmisworthseeingasecondtime.这部电影值得再看一次。二、动词­ing形式作表语1．动名词用作表语Herjobischeckingletterofcreditandtermsofcontract.她的工作是核对信用证和合同款。Thatisnotplayingthegame.这样做就不公平了。Thiswasreallycarryingmattersalittletoofar.这事做得真有点太过分了。2．现在分词用作表语现在分词作表语，总是跟在系动词之后，构成复合谓语。现在分词作表语，表示主语所具有的特征。许多作表语的现在分词几乎已经形容词化，可以用副词修饰，也可以有比较级形式。这类常见的现在分词有amazing,amusing,annoying,astonishing,boring,charming等。Thedevelopmentofouraviationindustryisquiteencouraging.我们的航空工业的发展是非常令人鼓舞的。Afewpagesarewanting.有几处缺页。Thewholedamneddayhadbeenhumiliating.这一整天可坏透了，令人丢脸。语篇知识清单语篇知识清单3如何描述肢体语言描述肢体语言,说明肢体语言的意义的文章属于说明文。用灵活的语言对图片里的肢体语言进行生动的描写。【典例分析】观察上面这幅图,用英文向大家描述一下图中肢体语言的含义。注意:内容积极向上,语意通顺,结构连贯完整。词数80左右。【整体分析】【句式准备】完成句子1.这个人眼睛似乎在盯着什么东西,皱着眉。Theman’seyesseemtobefixedonsomethingandhefrowns.

2.他一只手放在下巴上,遮住嘴和鼻子,另一只手扶住这只胳膊的肘部,好像正屏住呼吸。Heputsonehandonhischin,coveringhismouthandnose.Heputstheotherhandundertheelbowofthearmasifholdinghisbreath.

3.这往往意味着他遇到了问题,陷入了沉思。Itoftenmeansheisstuckinaproblemandlostinthought.

4.一定不要打扰他。Besuretoleavehimalone.

5.你会被认为是一个无礼的闯入者,有时甚至会导致意想不到的冲突。Youcanbeseenasarudeinterloper,sometimesleadingtounexpectedconflicts.

6.读懂一个人的肢体语言对人们相处是非常重要的。Understandingaperson’sbodylanguageisveryimportantforpeopletogetalongwitheachother.

句式升级7.用并列连词and改写句2。Heputsonehandonhischin,coveringhismouthandnose,andtheotherhandundertheelbowofthearmasifholdinghisbreath.

8.用非限制性定语从句改写句5。Youcanbeseenasarudeinterloper,whichsometimescanleadtounexpectedconflicts.

9.用并列连词or合并4、5两个句子。Besuretoleavehimalone,oryoucanbeseenasarudeinterloper,whichsometimescanleadtounexpectedconflicts.

【参考范文】Theman’seyesseemtobefixedonsomethingandhefrowns.Inthemeantime,heputsonehandonhischin,coveringhismouthandnose,andtheotherhandundertheelbowofthearmasifholdinghisbreath.Itoftenmeansheisstuckinaproblemandlostinthought.Besuretoleavehimalone,oryoucanbeseenasarudeinterloper,whichsometimescanleadtounexpectedconflicts.So,aperson’sinnerworldoftenmanifestsitselfinsomekindofexternalbodylanguage.Understandingaperson’sbodylanguageisveryimportantforpeopletogetalongwitheachother.【话题拓展】1.话题词汇(1)frown皱眉(2)stare 凝视(3)glare 怒视(4)pose 姿势,姿态(5)bodylanguage 肢体语言(6)lostinthought 陷入沉思(7)coverone’smouthandnose 遮住口鼻(8)getalongwith 与……相处(9)leavealone 不管,让……一个人待着(10)haveastronginterestin 对……有浓厚兴趣2.话题句式(1)Liarstendtoblinkalotanddon’tmaintaineyecontact.撒谎的人会眨很多次眼睛,而且不会保持眼神上的交流。(2)Bodylanguagestudiesshowthatpeopletendtotouchtheirfaceandscratchtheirnosewhentheylie.关于肢体语言的研究表明撒谎时,人们都倾向于去摸脸或挠鼻子。(3)Peoplewhoaretellingthetruthusemanyfacialmuscles,butliarssmilewithjusttheirmouths.说实话的人会使用很多面部肌肉,但是撒谎的人微笑时只是嘴在动。(4)TodayintheUSA,whensomeoneputshisthumbup,itmeans“Everythingisallright.”However,inGreeceitisbad.如今在美国,当有人竖起大拇指时意味着“一切都很好。”然而在希腊竖大拇指是不好。主题活动·话题实践Ⅰ.语用功能表达一、表示询问观点/态度:1.Whatdidyoumeanby...?你……是什么意思?2.Sodidthatmean...?所以,那意味着……吗?3.WhatIdon’tunderstandis...我所不理解的是……4.Couldyouexplain...?你能解释……吗?5.Couldyougivemeanexample?你能给我举个例子吗?6.Whatdoyouthinkof...?你认为……怎么样?7.Whatdoyouthinkaboutthat?关于那件事你怎么看?8.Explainittome.请向我解释一下。二、表示解释说明:1.Inotherwords...换句话说……2.Thatis...也就是……3.WhatImeantwas...我的意思是……4.WhatIwastryingtosaywas...我想说的是……5.Doesthatmakesense?这能说得通吗?6.Isthatclear?那样清楚吗?UNIT4单元提能强化练Ⅰ.阅读理解AGettingcomputerstounderstandhumanbodylanguageisnosimpletask.Let’sbreakdownthestepstogetagoodunderstandingofwhatyourbodylanguageissaying.First,thecomputerneedstosee.So,itneedsacamera.Butacomputerdoesn’tseelikewedo,anditonlygetsastreamofdatafromthecamera.So,softwarefirsthastorecognisetheshapeofahumanbodyandthenmapoutthekeypointsofourbody.Somepoorsoulshavetoteachacomputerwhatallofourdifferentbodypartslooklikeinlotsofdifferentlightingconditionsandlotsofdifferentbodytypes.Butunderstandingthatanimagecontainsanelbow,aknee,orafacedoesn’tdomuchgood.So,nowthecomputerispayingcloseattentiontoourfacesandourhands.Classifyingemotionsasbodylanguageandfacialexpressionsisliterallyinourgenes,soitcomesprettyeasily.Butcomputersneedtoseeatonofexamplesofanygivenkindofbodylanguage,thentobetoldwhatthatbodylanguageisormeans,andthentheycan,overtime,andwithmoreandmoreexamples,identifythatsameorsimilarstancewiththatemotion.

IfI’maself-drivingcarapproachingacrosswalkandIseeanupheldhandinfrontofme,Icaninferthehumanwantsmetostopastheyintendtocrossthestreet.IfIinsteadseethatsamehumanusingthe“movealong”gesture,that’sastrongindicationthatthepersonwouldprefermetocontinueonmyjourneyinsteadofwaiting.Acarhasjustreadyourbodylanguage.1.Whatisthemostimportantforcomputerstounderstandhumanbodylanguage?A.Acamera.B.Astreamofdata.C.Software. D.Alightingcondition.2.Whyareemotionsdividedintobodylanguageandfacialexpressions?A.Toencouragepeopletoknowaboutgenes.B.Tomakecomputerswatchemotionsclosely.C.Tosavethetimeofanalysingatonofdata.D.Togetcomputerstorecognisethemeasily.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stance”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Attitude. B.Meaning.C.Behaviour. D.Expression.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowComputersReadBodyLanguageB.WhenSelf-drivingCarsWillBeBornC.WhyEmotionsAreofImportanceD.WhattheUnknownFutureHoldsBSilboGomeroisanancientlanguageofwhistlethatenabledpeopletocommunicateacrosslongdistancesbeforetheinventionofthetelephoneorthecomputer.It’snowbeingrevivedonmountainousCanaryIslandsandtheislandofLaGomera,wheretheusuallanguageisSpanish.TheCanaryIslandsgovernmentisprovidingfundingtohelpschoolchildrenonLaGomeratolearnthisancientwhistlinglanguageaspartoftheirheritage.ItsoundslikebirdsongandwasdevelopedthousandsofyearsagobyislanderstoenablethemtocommunicateuptotwomilesacrossLaGomera’svalleys.Inthepast,SilboGomerohasbeenpasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration,buttheislandersfeltembarrassedatthisformofcommunicationwhentheycameintocontactwiththeoutsideworldandmoderntechnology.Itstartedtodieoutwhenthetelephonearrivedandtheislandwasopentotourism.However,thegovernmentrealisedwhatwashappeninganddecidedtomakesurethatitwouldnotbelost.So,since1999SilboGomerohasbeenpartoftheschoolcurriculumandnowabout3,000Gomerochildrenspendatleast25minutesaweeklearningit.Thisisenoughtimeforthebasicstobelearned.ProbablyoriginatingintheAtlasMountainsofNorthAfrica,thelanguagewasbroughttotheislandbysettlers2,500yearsago.ItwasadaptedtoSpanishspeechpatterns,butusestonesratherthanvowelsandconsonants(辅音).Thesearewhistledatdifferentfrequencies(频率)toproduceover4,000words,makingproperconversationspossible.Theimportanceofthelanguageisgrowing.In2003theislandheldthefirstInternationalCongressofWhistledLanguages.ResearchisnowbeingcarriedoutinallplacestowhichGomeranshavetraditionallyemigrated(移居国外)andwhereformsofthelanguagesurvive.TheCanarygovernment’sHistoricalHeritageDepartmenthopestoattractoutsidesupportsothatitwillcontinue.5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthereasonforthedisappearingofSilboGomero?A.Thelimitedvocabulary.B.Thearrivalofmoderntechnology.C.Gomerans’traditionalemigration.D.Itscomplexspeechpatterns.6.WhatdoweknowaboutSilboGomero?A.ItoriginatedintheislandofLaGomero.B.ItwasadaptedtoEnglishspeechpattern.C.Itwasdevelopedforlong-distancecommunication.D.Ithasmorethan4,000wordsmadeupofvowelsandconsonants.7.InordertosaveSilboGomero,.

A.thelocalgovernmentprovidesfinancialhelpB.studentsspend25minutesdailylearningitC.theislandersbegintodoresearchwhereitoriginatedD.theislandersfrequentlyuseittocommunicatewiththeoutsideworld8.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocallonpeopletoprotectculturalheritage.B.ToadvertiseforLaGomera.C.TopromotetheuseofSilboGomero.D.TointroducethedyinglanguageSilboGomero.Ⅱ.七选五Howto“Speed-read”BodyLanguageDuetothepandemic,socialdistancinghasdramaticallychangedthewayweinteractwitheachother,especiallywhenitcomestonon-verbalcommunication.Wearingafacemaskhasquicklybecomethenorm—andthatwilllikelyremainfortheforeseeablefuture.1Howcanwebetterreadbodylanguage,nowthatwe’rewearingmasks?Partoftheanswerliesinthequestionitself.Toooften,weputallourfocusonpeople’sfaces,whenweshouldalsobeobservingthemovementsoftheirentireupperbodies.Thisisespeciallyimportanttoday,sincewedoalotofsocialinteractingthroughvideoplatforms,whereweseeeachothermostlyfromthewaistup.2Herearesometipsonhowtospeed-readit.

TouchingtheneckIfpeoplearetouchingtheir“neckdimple”(thevisibleindentationatthemiddle-frontoftheirneck),itcouldmeanthey’redistressedorinsecure.3

Rubbingthechest4Ifsomeoneisrubbingtheupperpartoftheirchestwithapalmofahand(orevenjustthefingers),itcanindicatediscomfortorconcern.Irecentlyfoundmyselfdoingthiswhendiscussingafamily-member’shealth.

TiltedheadHeadmovementscangoalongwaytowardsshowingwhetherornotsomeoneisfullyengaged,especiallyduringvideoconferencecalls.Aslightlytiltedheaddisplaysawarenessandattentiveness.5

SquintedeyesWeoftensquintoureyeswhenwe’retryingtofocusourvisiononsomethingthat’sfaraway.Butsquintedeyesandafurrowed“glabella”(thepartoftheforeheadaboveandbetweentheeyebrows)canalsobeasignofdisagreementorconfusion.A.Thisisanothersignofstressandanxiety.B.Ifyounoticesomeonedoingthis,trytocomfortthemoreasetheiranxiety.C.Wearingamaskisanormalpartofbeingaroundotherpeople.D.Theyshouldn’tshowfacialexpressionsorusebodylanguageinpublic.E.Bodylanguageisanoutwardreflectionofaperson’semotionalcondition.F.And,whencombinedwithafewnods,itcanshowapprovalofwhat’sbeingsaidorheard.G.Butwithnearlyhalfofthefacehidden,itcanbedifficulttotellwhatapersonisthinkingandfeeling.Ⅲ.完形填空Thebestexampleofuniversallyunderstoodbodylanguagemaybethesmile.Asmilecanopendoorsandteardownwallsamong1.

Ihadorganizedandreorganizedan2withthedentistformonths.Ialsoconfirmedittwiceandcalledthedaybeforeto3allthepaperworkwouldbereadyfortheX-rays.

ThenIarrived.Itwasn’t4atall.TheladythereevenhadnoideawhatIwastalkingabout.I5feltmybloodboil.Iwasgettingsomad.Ididn’tyellatherbutImayaswellhavebecausethe6Iwastalkingtoherwasnotnice.Ispokedowntoherlikeshewasachildandincapable.Itwasnotagoodmoment.Thewholetimeshesmiledandwas7tome.

Onlywheneverythingwasfinally8wasInice.

Isatdowninthewaitingareaand9itall.HowcouldImakeitbetter?HowcouldImakeupformy10behaviouramomentago?Icouldn’t.IcouldgiftherachocolatebarIhadonme,butthisneededmorethanthat.Itneededanhonest11.AndthatwasexactlywhatIgave.

IapologizedforthewayIhadspokentoherandtoldheritwaswrongofme.Sheaccepted.Againwitha12.Ithelpsmebethatwomanwhosmilesandforgivesso13.Idon’tgetitrighteverytime.IcanberudeandwhenIam,Ialmost14myselfforit.Iamnotthatperson,notanymore.YetIcontinuetogrowandcontinueto15.It’struethatsmilevanishedmyangerandopenedadoortounderstanding.

1.A.friends B.strangersC.patients D.relatives2.A.interview B.operationC.experiment D.appointment3.A.conclude B.approveC.ensure D.apply4.A.crowded B.readyC.open D.busy5.