高中英语选择性必修二Unit 1 单元核心考点归纳讲义

Unit1单元核心考点归纳【讲前热身】Ⅰ.默写单词第一组1．vt. 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷2．n. 阴影；影子；背光处3．vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)4．vt. 保卫；防守；辩解5．n. 助理；助手6．adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的7．adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的8．adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的9．n. 弱点；过错10．n. 改变；转换；轮班vi.&vt. 转移；挪动；转向第二组1．vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)2．n. 证据；证明；检验3．vt.&vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象4．vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责n. 责备；指责5．n. 把手；拉手；柄vt. 处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)6．n. 联系；纽带vt. 把……连接起来；相关联7．n. 减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低8．vt. 使改观；使改变形态vi. 改变；转变9．n. 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决10．adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的n. 固体Ⅱ.匹配词义A．单词匹配第一组()1.thinking A．n.蛋白质()2.protein B．n.病毒()3.cell C．n.思想；思维；见解()4.virus D．adj.最初的；开始的；第一的()5.initial E．n.细胞；小房间；单间牢房()6.framework F．n.彩虹()7.rainbow G．n.框架；结构()8.concrete H．n.领导；领导地位；领导才能()9.mechanic I．n.机械师；机械修理工()10.leadership J．n.混凝土adj.混凝土制的；确实的； 具体的第二组()1.severe A．n.感染；传染()2.contradictory B．adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的()3.infection C．adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的()4.multiple D．n.一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子 的人()5.household E．adj.数量多的；多种多样的()6.intervention F．adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原 始的()7.raw G．adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的()8.substantial H．n.介入；出面；干涉()9.statistic I．n.显微镜()10.microscope J．n.[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学B．短语匹配()1.onceandforall A．同意；赞同()2.subscribeto B．幸亏；由于()3.thanksto C．水泵()4.waterpump D．最终地；彻底地()5.theoreticalframework E．(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然 开始；爆发()6.breakout F．理论框架()7.inchargeof G．下降；坠落()8.comedown H．最重要的是；尤其是()9.aboveall I．主管；掌管参考答案：Ⅰ.默写单词第一组：castshadowpourdefendassistantoutstandinggiftedbrilliantfaultshift第二组：subscribeproofsuspectblamehandlelinkdecreasetransformfindingsolidⅡ.匹配词义A:单词匹配第一组：1－5CAEBD6－10GFJIH第二组：1－5BCAED6－10HFGJIB:短语匹配1－5DABCF6－9EIGH【一词多义】1．blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n．责备；指责①Hebearstheblameofhisbrother.n.责备；指责②YoucanhardlyblamePeterforbeingangrywithher.vt.责怪；指责③Wheneversomethinggoeswrong，everyoneblamesitonme.vt.把……归咎于2．decreasen．减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低①Thepopulationbegantodecrease.vi.减少；减小；降低②Theydecreasedthesizeofthegroupfrom25to15.vt.减少；减小；降低③Therehasbeensomedecreaseinimports.n.减少；降低3．handlen．把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)①Youhavetoturnthehandleandthenpullittowardsyou.n.把手；拉手②Alabelonthecrateread：“Handlewithcare”．vt.处理；搬动③Gardentoolscanbedangerousifcarelesslyhandled.vt.操纵；使用4．linkn．联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联①Theroadlinksallthenewtowns.vt.把……连接起来②Scientistshaveestablishedpossiblelinksbetweencanceranddiet.n.联系③Thetwocountrieshavesuccessfullysolvedtheboundaryissue，whichnowhasbecomealinkoffriendshipbetweenthetwopeoples.n.纽带5．suspectvt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象adj.可疑的；不可信的①Isuspect(that)youoncethoughtotherwise.vt.怀疑②Twosuspectsarenowbeinginterrogatedinconnectionwiththekilling.n.犯罪嫌疑人③Hisreasonforbeingabsentissuspect.adj.可疑的【衍生词汇】1．contradictvt.与……发生矛盾，与……抵触→contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的2．infectvt.使感染；传染→infectionn．感染；传染3．intervenevi.干涉；干预→interventionn．介入；出面；干涉4．provevt.证明；检验→proofn．证据；证明；检验【词汇短语解析】blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n．责备；指责(教材P2)Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame．斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。[例1]Theyplacedtheblameonthedoctor.他们把责任归咎于医生。[例2]Hetriedtoescapeblameforwhathehaddone.他试图不为自己的行为负责。[翻译]看来水是罪魁祸首。Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame．[知识拓展](1)betoblame(forsth.) (对某事)负有责任，应受责备blamesb.forsth. 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人blamesth.onsb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事(2)put/laytheblameforsth.onsb. 将某事归咎于某人taketheblameforsth. 对某事承担责任breakout(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发(教材P7)However，aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932，QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.然而，在1932年“淞沪会战”爆发后，钱学森决定转学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。[例1]Somethingunexpectedalwaysbreaksoutinthisarea.在这一地区总有意想不到的事情发生。[例2]TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutinSeptember1939.第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。[翻译]我正在熟睡中，这时突然发生了火灾，而且蔓延得很快。Iwasstillsleepingwhenthefirebrokeout，andthenitspreadquickly.[知识拓展]breakin 强行进入；打断breakthrough 突破；冲破breakup 破碎；解散；分手breakoff 断开；中断；停顿breakawayfrom 逃脱；脱离breakinto 强行闯入；突然开始breakdown 出故障；垮掉inchargeof主管；掌管(教材P8)Hereceivedahero'swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina'srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹计划。[例1]I'llbeinchargeofthewholefactorynextweekwhenthedirectorisaway.下周厂长不在时，我将负责整个工厂。[例2]Thecookisinchargeofthekitchenhelper.这位厨师负责管理帮厨工。[翻译]这位教师负责这个班。Theteacherisinchargeoftheclass．[知识拓展]takechargeof 掌管/负责……inchargeof 控制/管理……freeofcharge 免费insb.'scharge＝inthechargeofsb.由……主管(含被动意义)decreasen．减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低(教材P3)ThroughSnow'stirelessefforts，watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater，andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.在斯诺的不懈努力下，自来水公司开始出售干净的水，在世界范围内霍乱的威胁大幅减少。[例1]Thedecreaseinsaleswasalmost20percent.销售量差不多减少了20%。[例2]Hisinterestinthissubjectgraduallydecreases.他对这个科目的兴趣逐渐在减退。[翻译]自从立法之后污染已经大大减少。Therehasbeenasharpdecreaseinpollutionsincethelawwasintroduced.[知识拓展](1)onthedecrease 在减少中adecreasein... 在……方面减少(2)decreaseto... 减少到……decreaseby... 减少了……decreasefrom...to... 从……减少到……[名师点津]decrease的反义词increase的用法increaseto 增加(长)到……increaseby 增加(长)了……ontheincrease 在增加faultn.弱点；过错(教材P9)Aboveall，Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。[例1]Itwasallmyfault.这都是我的错。[例2]Thereisafaultinthismachine.这台机器出了故障。[翻译]她最大的缺点是话太多。Hergreatestfaultisthatshetalkstoomuch.[知识拓展]findfaultwithsb. 挑剔某人；对某人吹毛求疵findfaultin 看出……的缺点；找出……的毛病linkn.联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联(教材P3)Moreover，SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.此外，斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。[例1]Thetwocompanieshavelinked.这两家公司已联合。[例2]Thenewbridgewilllinktheislandtothemainland.新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。[翻译]那家新公司与几家较老的公司联合以保护自己。Thenewcompanylinkedupwithseveralolderonesinself­protection.[知识拓展](1)link...to/with... 将……和……联系或连接起来linkup 连接；结合linkupwith... 与……联合；使与……衔接(2)alinkbetweenAandB A与B之间的联系onceandforall最终地；彻底地(教材P2)However，heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.然而，他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。[例1]Hewillexplainitfullyonceandforall.他将把它充分地解释一次，就此了结。[例2]Theteacherhaswarnedthestudentonceandforall.那位老师已断然警告那个学生。[翻译]我最后一次警告你。如果你不停止纠缠我，你将来会后悔的。I'mwarningyouonceandforall，ifyoudon'tstopdisturbingme，you'llberegretful.[知识拓展]allatonce 突然；同时atonce 立刻，马上onceandagain 一而再，再三pourvt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)(教材P7)Anon­Newtonianfluidisstrangebecauseyoucanpouritlikealiquid，butifyouputanypressureonit，itsuddenlybecomeshardasconcrete.非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以把它像液体一样倒出来，但如果你对它施加压力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样硬。[例1]Afterthemeetingthepeoplepouredoutincrowds.散会后人们成群地涌出来。[例2]Peoplepouredintothehall.人们涌进大厅。[翻译]乌云密布，下起了倾盆大雨。Thestormcloudsgatheredandtherainpoureddown．[知识拓展]pourin 涌进pourinto 涌进……pourout 倒出；涌出；倾诉pouroutof... 从……中涌出来pourdown (雨)倾盆而降subscribevi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)(教材P2)Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.斯诺赞同第二种理论。[例1]Hesubscribedfor1，000shares.他认购一千股。[例2]Isubscribedtothatmagazine.Itisputouteveryweek.我订阅了那本杂志，它是周刊。[翻译]我十分赞同那个观点。Iheartilysubscribetothatview．[知识拓展]subscribeto 同意；赞成；订阅……subscribe...to... 把……捐赠给……；把……签署在……上suspectvt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象(教材P2)Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame．斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。[例1]Isuspecthimtoknoweverythingaboutthat.我猜想那件事他全都知道了。[例2]ShehadnoreasontosuspectthatSylviahadnottoldthetruth.她没有理由怀疑西尔维娅没说实话。[翻译]警察怀疑钱是他偷的。Thepolicesuspecthimofhavingtakenthemoney．[知识拓展]suspectsb.of(doing)sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事suspectsb.tobe... 怀疑某人是……thanksto幸亏；由于(教材P3)Fortunately，wenowknowhowtopreventcholera，thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。[例1]Thankstohisresearch，theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。[例2]Thankstohiseffort，itismoresuccessfulthanwehaveexpected.由于他的努力，(这件事)获得了比我们预期更大的成功。[翻译]由于你的帮助我们成功了。Thankstoyourhelp，weweresuccessful.[知识拓展]becauseof 因为；由于asaresultof 作为……的结果；由于dueto 因为；由于owingto 由于；因为……的缘故transformvt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变(教材P3)Moreover，inhisuseofmapsandstatistics，Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。[例1]Heseemstohavebeenmiraculouslytransformedintoafirst­classplayer.他似乎奇迹般地变成了一流的球员。[例2]Thingscannotbetransformedovernight.事情不可能在一夜之间改变。[翻译]蒸汽机将热能转变成动力。Asteamenginetransformsheatintopower．[知识拓展](1)transformAintoB 把A变成Btransformsth.fromAtoB 使……从A变成B(2)transformationn. 改变；改革【句式解析】so...that...引导结果状语从句(教材P2)Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。句式分析：句中so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。[例1]Hewassofoolishthatheacceptedherinvitation.他接受她的邀请真是太傻了。[例2]TheywalkedsofastthatIcouldnotkeepupwiththem.他们走得那么快，我没法跟上他们。[翻译]这些大象是如此的聪明，它们可以回答一些数学问题。Theelephantsweresocleverthattheywereabletoanswersomemathquestions.[知识拓展](1)soeq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(＋adj.或adv.,＋adj.＋a（n）＋单数可数名词,＋many/few＋复数可数名词,＋much/little（少的）＋不可数名词))＋that...(2)sucheq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(a（n）＋adj.＋单数可数名词,adj.＋不可数名词,adj.＋复数名词))＋that...[名师点津](1)little表示“少”时用so修饰，但表示“小”时用such修饰。Therewassolittletimeleftthatwemusthurry.时间不多了，我们要快一点。Theyaresuchlittlechildrenthattheycan'tunderstandit.他们是这么小的孩子，他们不会理解的。(2)在“so...that...”和“such...that...”结构中，当“so/such...”置于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装。Sohotadaywasitthattheyallwentswimming.＝Suchahotdaywasitthattheyallwentswimming.天气这么热，他们都去游泳了。“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构(教材P2)Asayoungdoctor，JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera．作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。句式分析：句中howtopreventortreatcholera为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，作动词knew的宾语。[例1]Nooneknewhowtotreatthisdreadeddisease.没人知道如何治疗这种可怕的疾病。[例2]Idon'tquiteknowwhattosayinanswertoyourquestion.我不太清楚如何回答你的问题。[翻译]想一想不同种类的交通工具的费用并决定怎么到那里。Thinkaboutthefarefordifferentkindsoftransportanddecidehowtogetthere．[知识拓展](1)常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问副词how，when，where等。(2)语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。(3)通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式。“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级(教材P7)PerhapsnootherscientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina'saerospacesciencethanQianXuesen.也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。句式分析：句中no...greater...than为“否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than”结构，表示最高级。[例1]Unfortunately，thetechnologyofclimatechangeisnosimplerthananythingelse.不走运的是，改变气候的科技比任何事情都要复杂。[例2]Whatawonderfulnovel！Ihaveneverreadamoremovingone.多么好的一本小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。[翻译]再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。Nootherbookhashadagreatereffectonmylife.[知识拓展]表示最高级意义的其他常见结构：never＋比较级nothing/no＋so＋原级＋as...nothing/no＋比较级＋than...比较级＋than＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(any＋单数名词,anyother＋单数名词,all（the）other＋复数名词,anyoneelse,anyoftheother＋复数名词,therestof＋复数名词或不可数名词))【长难句解析】1．Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.[分析]本句为复合句，动词discovered后是that引导的宾语从句，其中so...that...引导结果状语从句。[译文]他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。2．Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.[分析]本句为复合句，until引导时间状语从句，其中howitcouldbeovercome为how引导的宾语从句。[译文]霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如何战胜它。第一单元测评第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandothiscomingweekend?A.Callonherclassmates. B.Directtraffic. C.Gohiking.2.Whereisthewomangoing?A.Tohernewflat. B.Totheshop. C.Tohercompany.3.Whendidthewomanbuyherowncar?A.Lastweek. B.Lastmonth. C.Lastyear.4.Whatdoesthewomandonow?A.Aschoolteacher. B.Atouristguide. C.Auniversitystudent.5.HowdoesJohnlook?A.Excited. B.Satisfied. C.Worried.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.Whatwilltheweatherbelikethedayaftertomorrow?A.Itisrainy. B.Itissunny. C.Itiswindy.7.Whathasthemanbeendoingthesedays?A.Readingbooks. B.Playingfootball. C.Goingcycling.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。8.Whatdothespeakerswanttodo?A.Goaroundthecity. B.Lookforaman. C.Findabank.9.Whatcanwelearnaboutthespeakers?A.Theyliveinthiscity.B.Theyareunfamiliarwiththecity.C.Theyknowthecitywell.10.Whatdothespeakerswanttobuy?A.Abike. B.Acar. C.Amap.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardjoiningtheSpanishclub?A.Disappointed. B.Nervous. C.Excited.12.WhydidthewomanjointheSpanishclub?A.Toimprovehercollegeapplications.B.Tobeinaclubwiththeboy.C.ToprepareforhervacationinSpain.13.Whatisoneoftheactivitiesthatthemanmentions?A.VisitingSpanishschools.B.LearningSpanishcooking.C.WatchingSpanishtelevisionshows.听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。14.WheredidSamleavethedictionary?A.Athome. B.Atschool. C.Onthebus.15.WhatdoesthemanprobablythinkofSam?A.Nice. B.Careless. C.Generous.16.Whatwillthewomandointheafternoon?A.Godowntown. B.Playtabletennis. C.Buyadictionary.17.Howwillthespeakersgodowntown?A.Bycar. B.Bybus. C.Byunderground.听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。18.WhatdidJohnenjoydoinginhischildhood?A.TouringFrance. B.Playingoutdoors. C.Paintingpictures.19.WhatdidJohndoafterhemovedtotheUS?A.Hedidbusiness. B.Hestudiedbiology. C.Heraisedanimals.20.WhatisthesubjectofJohn’sworks?A.Americanbirds. B.Naturalscenery. C.Familylife.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A(2023·云南玉溪一中高二上学期期中)YesterdaymarkedtheofficialendofPromotionDay,butyoucanstillfindsomeprettygooddealsnow.Theseareitemsunder$50thatyoucanstillshopthisweek.·NCHCushionedRunningShoesListPrice:$75.99Price:$47.75Yousave:$28.24(37%)MadeforRunners:Withimpressivesoftnessfordailyruns,thesecushionedrunningshoesaredesignedspecificallyforthosewholovetorunonavarietyofsurfaces.FierceFootwear:Cutting-edgedesignfeatureslightweightand100%breathabletop.Boldlooksandcomfyconstructionhelpthemstandoutonboththefashionandfunctionfronts.·GKSmartWatchFitnessTrackerListPrice:$55.99Price:$43.99Yousave:$12.00(21%)AccurateOverallHealthData:Ittracksyourheartrateandbloodpressureinrealtime,meaningyoucanhaveafulloverviewofyourhearthealthovertime.FastChargingandLongStandby:Justneeds2.5hourstofillpower,10daysofstandbytime.GoeswellwithIOS9.0orhigher,Android4.4orhigher.·IUGAProNonSlipYogaMatListPrice:$69.95Price:$41.95Yousave:$28.00(40%)NoSlidingNorSlipping:Technologicallydesignedtoprovideyouwithabsolutesafetyandisalwaysinplacenomatterwhattypeofyogayoupractice.SGSCertifiedandSmell-lessMaterial:UnlikeotherPVCmats,thematerialcankeepsmellsatbaythatyourmatwillbealwaysasfreshasthedayyouboughtit.·LHSPour-OverCoffeeMakerListPrice:$30.99Price:$23.99Yousave:$7.00(23%)BPA-FreeGlass:Thiscoffeemakerunlocksthefullpotentialofcoffeefromtheglassthat’sheat-resistantandperfectformodernkitchens.Paperless,StainlessSteelFilter(过滤器):Nopaperfiltersneeded!Filtersarereusable,stainlesssteelwhichisnoteasytogetrustorblocked.21.Asfaraspercentageisconcerned,whichitemsavesthemost?A.NCHCushionedRunningShoes. B.IUGAProNonSlipYogaMat.C.GKSmartWatchFitnessTracker. D.LHSPour-OverCoffeeMaker.22.WhatisthefeatureofGKSmartWatchFitnessTracker?A.Itfeatureslightweightandbreathabletop.B.Italwaysstaysinplaceandkeepssecure.C.Itownsareusableandstainlesssteelfilter.D.Itworkswhenitcomestorecordingtheuser’shealthdata.23.Whereisthistextprobablyfrom?A.Amagazine. B.Abookreview.C.Ashoppingguide. D.Atouristbrochure.B(2023·北京第四十四中学高二上学期期中)WillGladstoneremembersfirstlearningabouttheblue-footedbooby(蓝脚鲣鸟)inhisfifthgradescienceclass.TheyareasymboloftheGalapagosIslands.Theblue-footedboobypopulationintheGalapagoshasfallentoathirdofitssizesincethe1960s.ThisfactstayedwithWill,whogrewupbird-watchingwithhisdadaroundtheirhometown.WillhadneverbeentotheGalapagos,norseenablue-footedboobyinperson,butdecidedhewantedtohelpprotectthem.Afewdayslater,hecameupwithaplan:Hecouldsellbluesocks,thesamecolourasthebird’sfeet,toraisemoneyforprotectionefforts.WillsetuphisonlinesiteTheBlueFeetFoundationinMarch2016.ThewebsitewasupforthreemonthsbeforeWillandhisyoungerbrotherMatthewsoldtheirfirstpairofsocks.“Wereachedouttoalotofpeopleandtheywouldn’ttakeusseriously...becausewewerejustkids.”Butbeing“justkids”comeswithitsownstrengths.TheymadeanInstagramaccountforthefoundationandstarteddirect-messagingstars.Willsaysoneoftheirbiggestsupportersishislong-timefavouritehockeyplayer,KevanMiller.Theyhavesoldabout10,000pairsofsockstocustomersin46countries,raisingabout$90,000aftercosts.AllprofitsgototheGalapagosConservancyandtheCharlesDarwinFoundation,tworesearchandprotectionorganizationsbasedintheGalapagosIslands.Will’sandMatthew’seffortsarealreadyhavingabeneficialeffect.Theirmoneywasusedforablue-footedboobypopulationsurveyin2017byateamof10researchers.Theresearchersreportthattheydidseemanymorebabybirdsthanintheirpreviousstudyin2012.Threeyearsafterformingthefoundation,WillgottovisittheGalapagosonaweek-longschooltrip.AndWillfinallygottoseeablue-footedboobyinperson.“IwascrazilylookingaroundandwhenIsawone,itwasreallycool,”Willsaid.Thebrothershavewonseveralawardsfortheirwork.Buttheysaythebiggestawardthey’vegotisperseverance.24.WhatinspiredWilltoprotecttheblue-footedbooby?A.Thedropofthebirds’number. B.HistriptoGalapagosIslands.C.Hisexperienceofbird-watching. D.Thesymbolicmeaningofthebird.25.WhatdidWillandMatthewdowhilepeopledidn’ttakethemseriously?A.TheystartedTheBlueFeetFoundation.B.Theyaskedprotectionorganizationsforhelp.C.Theyreachedouttotheirclassmatesandotherkids.D.Theyopenedanaccountandcontactedfamouspeople.26.WhatwasthemoneyWillandMatthewraisedusedfor?A.Takingcareofmorebabybirds. B.Doingscientificresearchonthebirds.C.Attractingpeopletowatchthebirds. D.Awardingpeoplewhoprotectthebirds.27.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeWill?A.Humorous. B.Generous. C.Determined. D.Creative.CSeveralyearsago,whensomeoneusedcameracoverstoprotectagainstpossiblemonitoring,itwasnotpopulartotalkaboutit.Today,peopleusevarioustypesoftapestocoverthewebcamerasandmicrophones.Therearemanytypesofspywarethatcandiveintoourdevicesandsecretlyspyonthem,recordingeverythingtheydo.Suchprogramsmayinfectnotonlycomputersbutalsosmartphones.YourdatamaybeusedbyhackerswhowilltrytorequestmoneyfornotexposingyourprivateinformationorbycompanieslikeNSOGroupwhocreatedthePegasusspywareto“provideauthorizedgovernmentswithtechnologythathelpsfightagainstterrorandcrime”.Inmyopinion,thedescribedprotectiontechniqueishighlyoverestimated.Userstapecamerasandmicrophonesduetothelackofunderstandingofhowtheirdevicesworkandhowmalware(恶意软件)works.Hackersandevensecretservicesdonothaveenoughresourcestomonitorallvictimsusingcamerasormicrophones.Iftheyneedtogetanyinformation,theygetitbysendingatargetedmalwaretoyourdevice,whichwillnotbestoppedbythetapes.Suchaviruswillfindwhattosteal—frompersonalphotosandvideostopasswordsfromsocialnetworks,browserhistory,bankaccountsandmuchmore.Itisunwisetobelievethatattackerswillnotbeabletofindawaytospyonyou,evenifthedevice,dischargedtozero,canstilldeliverdataaboutyourlocation,usingthesmartphonesofthesurroundingpeopleassignalrepeaters.Letusfaceit:weliveinanerawhenitisextremelydifficulttohidesomethingandapieceoftapeisclearlynotthemostusefultoolinthestruggleforyourprivacy.Again,tobeabletospyonyou,attackersneedtoplantmalwareinyourdevice.Topreventmalwarefromenteringyourdevice,donotclicksuspectedlinksandemailattachments.Usestrongpasswordsforemail,socialmediaandonlinebankingaccounts.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph2referto?A.Cameras. B.Types. C.Programs. D.Devices.29.WhatisNSOGroup?A.Agroupofhackers. B.Acompanydevelopingspyware.C.Agroupofterroristsandcriminals. D.Acompanyfightingagainstcrime.30.Whydoestheauthorthink“thedescribedprotectiontechniqueishighlyoverestimated”?A.Peopleknowlittleabouttheirdevices. B.Hackershavenoaccesstoothers.C.Ithardlypreventsmalwarefromgettingprivacy. D.Itcan’tcoverthecamerascompletely.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Protectingprivacyondevices. B.Risingtrendofusingtapes.C.Monitoringdevicesviacameras. D.Avoidingclickingdistrustfullinks.D(2023·辽宁省名校联盟高二上学期联考)Thelossofhousingduetofloodsisanundeniableissue.Butnow,JapanesehousingdeveloperIchijoKomutenrecentlyunveileda“flood-resistanthouse”thatcannotonlyremainwaterproofduringfloods,butalsofloatofftheground.Theirnew“flood-resistanthouse”recentlyappearedonapopularJapaneseTVshowandithasbeengettingalotofattentiononlineeversince.Japan’sTBSTVstationrecentlyvisitedoneofIchijo’stestsiteswherethecompany’snewflood-resistanthousewasbeingputthroughasimulatedflood.Althoughitlookedjustlikeanordinaryhousewhenthetestbegan,bythetimethatwaterstartedrisingaroundit,viewerscouldseethestructureleavethegroundandeventuallyfloatafewinchesaboveit.We’veallseenfloatinghousesbeingsweptawayinseverefloods,butIchijo’snewestinventionfeaturesasystemthatpreventsjustthat.Thehouseisconnectedtoanumberofthickironrodstickingoutofthegroundwiththickcablesthatensureitstaysinplaceasthewaterfloodspast.Whenthewaterrecedes,thefloatinghousecomesbackdowninitsoriginalposition.The“flood-resistanthouse”alsofeaturesspecialvents(通风口)thatcloseupintheeventofflooding,andtheplumbing(管道)alsohasspecialvalves(阀)thatpreventwaterfromgettingintothehome.Electricalequipmentlikeairconditioningispositionedontheupperhalfofthebuildingtoensurethatwaterdoesn’treachit.AccordingtotheengineersinIchijoKomuten’scompany,mosthomesfloodwhenwaterreachesthewindowlevel,butbecausetheirflood-resistanthousecanfloatuptofivemetresaboveground,waterisunlikelytoreachthewindowsandeverythingelseissealedshut.32.WhydoesIchijoKomutendevelopthe“flood-resistanthouse”?A.Tomakehouseswaterproof. B.Togethousesofftheground.C.Tokeephousesforeverfloating. D.Tosecurehousesagainstfloods.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Housesthroughouttheworldareindangerofbeingflooded.B.ElectricalequipmentwillbesafeinIchijoKomuten’sflood-resistanthouse.C.ThickironrodsandcableswereinventedbyIchijoKomuten.D.IchijoKomuten’sflood-resistanthouseshavebeenputintomarketsuccessfully.34.WhatistheattitudeofIchijoKomuten’sengineerstowardtheirnewestinvention?A.Positive. B.Doubtful.C.Unclear. D.Critical.35.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toassesstheconsequencesoffloods.B.Tostressthenecessityofawaterproofhouse.C.Toprovideguidanceonfloodcontrol.D.Tointroduceanewinventionanditsfunctions.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoSucceedinScienceTosucceedinscience,youneedalotmorethanluck.Inmyview,youhavetocombineintelligencewithawillingnessnottofollowconventionswhentheyblockyourforwardpath.Thus,thesehavecometobemyrulesforsuccess.36

Thatmightsoundproud,butthefactisthatyoumustalwaysturntopeoplewhoarebrighterthanyou.It’slikeplayinganygame.Evenasachild,IneverwantedtoplaygameswithanyonewhowasasbadasIwas.Ifyouwin,itgivesyounopleasure.Andinthegameofscienceorlife,thehighestgoalisn’tsimplytowin;it’stowinatsomethingreallydifficult.37

Takerisks.Tomakeahugesuccess,ascientisthastobepreparedtogetintodeeptrouble.Ifyouaregoingtomakeahugejumpinscience,youwillverylikelybeunqualifiedtosucceedbydefinition.38Thiscanbemorethanpersonallyupsetting.

Neverdoanythingthatboresyou.Myexperienceinscienceisthatsomeoneisalwaystellingyoutodothings,andthenleavesyoualone.I’mnotgoodenoughtodowellinsomethingIdislike.39

It’sveryhardtosucceedifyoudon’twanttobewithotherscientists,becauseyouhavetogotokeymeetingswhereyouspotkeyfactsthatwouldhaveescapedyou.Andyouhavetochatwithyourcompetitors,evenifyoufindthemobjectionable.Somyfinalruleis:40

A.Meetchallengeswithgreatcourage.B.Ifyoucan’tstandbeingwithyourrealpeers,getoutofscience.C.Putitanotherway,it’stogosomewherebeyondyourabilityandcomeoutontop.D.Makesureyoualwayshavesomeonetosaveyoufromadeepmess.E.Avoidfoolishpeople.F.Infact,IfindithardtodowellinsomethingIlike.G.Besides,youevenhavetobepreparedtodisbelieveyourscientificheroes.第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2023·广东深圳新安中学高二上学期期中)Afterneighboursgatheredtogethertosavethelifeofanunidentifiedmanearlierthismonth,heusedasigntothankeveryoneforcomingtohisrescue.AlphonsoandDeborahWilliamsweresurprisedbythesoundofa