选择性必修第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture基础知识（教师版）

选择性必修第二册Unit3FoodandCulture基础知识【课前检查】单句语法填空1.Havingproper____________(motivate)isnotoptional-itisanotherkeytosuccess.2.Thestudyalso____________(demonstrate)adirectlinkbetweenobesityanddeath.3.Newsofthis____________(elect)appearedonthefrontpagesofnewspapersoreverywhereintheUnitedStates.4.It'snotwhatwedoonceinawhilethatshapesourlives,butwhatwedo____________(consistent).5.____________(motivate)bytheOlympicmotto“Faster，Higher，Stronger”，theyaredevotedtobetteringthemselves.6.Thegirl'sstoryisa____________(remark)one,whichhasinspiredmanyyoungpeople.7.Manypeoplehave____________(ambitious)tobecomesuccessfulasalawyerorbusinessperson.8.WithgreateffortsMalonerankedfirstinthefierce____________(compete).9.Twocandidatescompeteinthefinal____________thefirstprize.10.Theweight-losingpillscontainaharmfulchemical____________causedmylivertofail.11.Theprojectwouldgivescientistsnew____________(insight)intowhatishappeningtotheEarth'satmosphere.12.I’mgoingtoaskeachofyoutomakeashort___________(present).13.Allwhoparticipatedhavegainedapositiveoutcomefromgetting_______(involve).14.10.Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,______________(regard)asoneofthebestallaoundfrmsofexercise.15.HetookatriptoBeijinglastweekand_________hesawattheForbiddenCityimpressedhimdeeply.Keys：1.motivation2.demonstrated/demonstrates3.election4.Consistently5.Motivated6.remarkable7.ambitions8.competition9.for10.that/which11.insights12.presentation13.involved14.isregarded15.what语法填空U.S.lawmakers,educatorsandstudentsareamongthose1.______________(push)forallschool-agechildrentobetaughtmoreAsianAmericanhistory.TheAsianAmericanStudentUnionatFarmingtonHighSchoolinthestateofConnecticutispartofthiseffort.ItorganizedameetingafterthekillingofsixAsian2.______________(woman)inAtlanta,GeorgiainMarch.LilyFengisco-presidentofthegroup.Shethoughtmaybe10or15studentswouldattend.Bytheendofthemeeting,3.______________,nearly100peoplehadjoined.Whenshesawthe4.______________(react)ofotherstudents,shesaidsheknewhowmuchtheywantedtolearnaboutAsianAmericanissues.Fengsaid,"OurAsianAmericanandPacificIslandercommunitymembers,theywanttheirvoices5.______________(hear)."Thestudentgrouphasbroughtinspeakers,haddiscussionsandcreatedlessons6.______________AsianAmericanhistory.Illinoiscouldbecomethefirststate7.______________(require)publicschoolstoteacheventsofAsianAmericanhistoryifthegovernorsignsabill8.______________passedthestatelegislatureinMay.UptonowLawmakers9.______________(propose)similarrequirementsinConnecticut,NewYork,andWisconsin.JenniferGong-Gershowitzis10._____________Illinoisstaterepresentative.Shesaidshesupportedthebillbecauseofincreasinganti-Asianviolenceandlanguage.Keys:1.pushing2.women3.however4.reaction5.tobeheard6.about7.torequire8.that/which9.haveproposed10.an【问题查找】单词单句词汇填空1.Hewas__________withjealousy.(充满内心）2.We'llneedtenmonthso__________(总共)tohavetherestaurantdecorated.3.SometraditionalChinesedishesfrom__________(在…之前)totheMingDynastyarestillpopulartoday.4.wewillhavetocarryallourcampings__________(东西）5.Mygrandpa'sbreakfastmainlyc__________of(包括)wholegrainbiscuitsandaglassofmilk.6.Weenjoyedaspecialdinnerinafancyrestaurantwherethewaitersallworee__________(高雅的)suits.7.Heprefersthisbrandofcoffeewhich,ashesaid,hasane__________(极其的)goodflavor.8.Thestudents’safetyisthe__________ofourschool.(首先有考虑的事情）9.wemustpracticeforam__________of30minuteseachday.(最少量)10.Peopleinadolescence__________(往往会)tobeaddictedtocomputergames.Keys:1.consumed2.overall3.prior4.stuff5.consists6.elegant7.exceptionally8.priority9.minimum10.tend短语单句短语填空，注意短语的适当形式ontherighttrack；makeup；inaddition；inotherwords；getridof；regardlessof；cutdownon1.Publictransportationhelpsto_______________pollutionandtrafficjams.2.Theeconomicfundamentalshavenotbecomeworse.__________________,thefundamentalskeepingsoundeconomicgrowthhavenotchangedandwillnotchangeintheshortrun.3.Hesayswhathethinksanddoeswhathewantstodo,____________________otherpeople'sfeelings.4.ThetoycostadollarandTedonlyhadfiftycents,soFather______________________thedifference.5.Englishclassesareoffered._________________studentscantakeclassesinwordprocessingandcomputing.6.Howto_______________________theplasticwasteisstillahotpotatointhiscity.7.Wehaven’tsucceededyet,butwe’re___________________________andshouldkeeptryinghard.Keys:1.cutdownon2.Inotherwords3.regardlessof4.makeup5.Inaddition6.getridof7.ontherighttrack语法——过去完成时和过去完成时被动语态单句语法选择1.（2019·天津高卷）I__________tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn’tmanageit.A.hadhopedB.amhopingC.havehopedD.wouldhope2.（2014·山东高卷）Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime-consumingthanwe______.A.willexpectB.areexpectingC.expectD.hadexpected3.（2016·天津高卷）Whenwalkingdownthestreet,IcameacrossDavid,whoI_____foryears.A.didn’tseeB.haven’tseenC.hadn’tseenD.wouldn’tsee4.（2020·江苏高卷）InsteadofgettingdowntoanewtaskasI_____,heexaminedthepreviousworkagain.A.hadexpectedB.haveexpectedC.wouldexpectD.expect5.（2016·浙江高卷）Silk________oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.A.hadbecomeB.rejectC.controlD.abandon6.（2018·江苏）Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan_______inthepasttwoyears.A.hadbeencarriedoutB.wouldbecarriedoutC.isbeingcarriedoutD.hasbeencarriedoutKeys:1-6ADCAAA【要点精讲】单词1.prioradj.先前的；优先的【教材原句】(教材P)PriortocomingtoChina,myonlyexperiencewithChinesecookingwasinAmerica,withChinesefoodthathadbeenchangedtosuitAmericantastes.在来中国之前，我对中国烹饪的唯一经历是在美国，中国的食物已经被改变以适应美国人的口味。[例1]Ihaveapriorengagementatfive.我已经先有一个在五点钟的约会。[例2]Shevisitedmeonthedaypriortoherdeath.她去世的前一天还来看我。[知识拓展]priorto在……之前的即学即练：1.__________________theschoolmeeting,thestudentsmadefullypreparationsforit.2.你来这里之前做什么事？Whatdidyoudo_____________?3.Thewillwasmadetwodaysprior_____________hisdeath.4.Thedutytoprotectmysister_________________allothers.保护我的妹妹是我最重要的责任。Keys：1.Priorto2.priortocominghere3.to4,ispriorto2.consistvi.组成；构成(教材P)Forexample,America’smostpopularChinesedishisGeneralTso’schicken,whichconsistsoffriedchickencoveredinasweetsauce,flavouredwithhotredpeppers.例如：美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左公鸡，这道菜是用甜酱汁包裹的炸鸡，加上红辣椒调味。[例1]Thespiritconsistsinwholehearteddevotiontopublicinterests.这种精神就是一心为公。[例2]Healthdoesnotconsistwithintemperance.健康和饮酒无度是不能并存的。[知识拓展]consistof由……组成consistin＝liein存在于……，在于……consistwith与……一致；符合※consistentadj.一致的；连续的beconsistentwith...与……一致beconsistentin...在……方面一致consistsof/bemadeupof/becomposedof由……组成[注意]consistof没有被动语态，相当于bemadeupof或becomposedof，且不用于进行时。即学即练：1.英国是由几个国家组成的？HowmanycountriesdoestheUK______________________?2.Allelectroniccomputers___________________fiveunitsalthoughtheyareofdifferentkinds.3.Happinessconsists________________________contentment.4.Heisamanwhoseactionsdonotconsist____________________hispromises.5.Therescueteamiscomposedofeightsoldiersandtwodoctors.救援队由8个士兵和2个医生组成。＝Therescueteam________________eightsoldiersandtwodoctors.＝Therescueteam_________________eightsoldiersandtwodoctors.Keys:1.consistof2.consistof3,in4.with5.consists;6.ismadeupof3.stuffvt.填满；把……塞进n．东西；物品(教材P)Later，IlearntthatthemostfamousfoodinShandongispancakerollsstuffedwithslicedChinesegreenonions.后来我才知道，山东最有名的菜是煎饼卷大葱。stuffvt.填满；把……塞进n．东西；物品[例1]Istuffedeverythingintoasuitcase.我把东西全塞到一个手提箱里去了。[例2]That’smystuffinthedrawer.抽屉里是我的东西。[知识拓展]o...把……塞进……stuff...with...用……填满……stuffup用……堵上即学即练：1.Tomysurprise,hisrooms________________antiquesandpricelesstreasures.2.Hehastilystuffedafewclothes_________________abag.3.Herbriefcasewasstuffed_________________papers.4.She________________withcottonwool.她用脱脂棉塞住了耳朵。Keys:1.werestuffedwith2.into3.With4.stuffedherearsup4.slicen．(切下的食物)薄片vt.把……切成薄片[例1]Iusuallybuyslicedbread—it’slessbother.我通常都买切片面包——比较省事。[例2]Acucumberwasslicedintorounds.黄瓜被切成了圆片。[知识拓展](1)asliceof一片；一份；一部分slice...off切下sliceup切成片(2)oslices把……切成片(3)slicedadj.切成片的即学即练：1.Thechef______________somemeatandcutitintosmallpieces.2.盘子里有一片面包。Thereis______________inthedish.3.Wouldyouslicethecucumber______________?4.Theyspend______________fairsliceofthebudgetonresearchanddevelopment.5.Hecutthemeat______________thickslices.6.I'llslice______________athickpiecefromtheloafbymyself.Keys:1.slicedoff2.asliceofbread3.Up4.a5.into6.off5.exceptionaladj.特别的;罕见的(教材P)Ineachplacewewent,weexperiencedwonderfullocaldishes,fromGuangdong’selegantdimsum—smallservingsoffoodinbamboosteamers—totheexceptionalstewednoodlesinHenan.(P27)我们每到一处,都会品尝当地美食,从广东的精致点心——那是放在竹蒸笼里蒸出来的小份食品,到河南独特的烩面。[知识拓展](1)exceptionalspeed罕见的速度exceptionaltalent非凡的才能exceptionalcircumstances特殊情况exceptionalintelligence非凡的智力exceptionalimagination非凡的想象力(2)exceptionn.例外makeanexception破例(3)exceptprep.除……之外即学即练：(1)Wewillwanderintraditionalsmalltownsandendourtourwithan_________(exception)museuminShanghai.(2)ThelawappliestoallEuropeancountries.Britainisno___________(except).(3)他五岁时就表现出非凡的音乐家才能。____________________________________________________________________________________________Keys:(1)exceptional(2)exception(3)Attheageoffiveheshowedexceptionaltalentasamusician.6.minimumadj.最低(限度)的；最小的n．最小量；最少量(教材P)Ataminimum,thekindsoffoodlocalpeopleconsumetelluswhattheygrowintheirregion,whatkindsoflivestheylead,andwhattheylikeanddonotlike.至少，当地人吃的食物种类告诉我们，他们在他们的地区种植什么，他们过着什么样的生活，他们喜欢什么，不喜欢什么。[例1]Today’sminimumtemperatureis10℃.今天的最低气温是10℃。[例2]Wezippedalongataminimumof55mph.我们以最低每小时55英里速度行驶。[知识拓展]aminimumof最少……abovetheminimum超过最低限度ata/theminimum至少belowtheminimum低于最低限度downtoaminimum降到最低点即学即练：1.______________（至少）,thisprovidesconsumerswiththeinformationtheyneed.2.Thecandidatesmusthaveafirstdegree______________aminimum.3.Wetriedtokeepcostsdown______________aminimum.4.Cookfor______________minimumof2hours,oruntilthemeatistender.Keys:1.Ataminimum2.at3.to4.a7.consumevt.吃；喝；饮；消耗[例1]Arguingaboutdetailsconsumedmanyhoursofthecommittee’svaluabletime.争论细节问题耗费了委员会数小时宝贵的时间。[例2]Thefiresoonconsumedthewoodenbuildings.大火很快就把那些木制建筑物烧毁了。[知识拓展]beconsumedwith因……而变得憔悴；给……弄得心劳神疲consumeaway消耗掉；憔悴；枯萎凋谢即学即练：1.许多人并不知道他们究竟消耗掉了多少食品和饮料。Manypeopleareunawareofjust_________________________.2.Themorepetrolandelectricitywe________________(消耗),themorecarbonwearelettingoff.3.Everydayinhotsummer，alargequantityofbeer_____________________(consume).4.许多人并不知道他们究竟消耗掉了多少食品和饮料。Manypeopleareunawareofjust__________________________________________.Keys:1.howmuchfoodanddrinktheyconsumed2.consume3.isconsumed4.howmuchfoodanddrinktheyconsumed8.somewhatadv.有点;稍微(教材P)HowisHunancuisinesomewhatdifferentfromSichuancuisine?湖南菜和四川菜是如何略有不同的？[知识拓展](1)somewhat相当于alittle,abit(2)somehowadv.不知怎么地;不知为什么(3)anyhow=anyway无论如何;不管怎样即学即练：(1)Ourteamhadbetterplayers,but____________westilllostthegame.(2)Imayfail,butIwilltry____________.(3)Iwas______________surprisedtoseehim.Keys：(1)somehow(2)anyhow(3)somewhat9.associationn.协会;关联(教材P)JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,2014(P32)2014年《美国医学会杂志》[知识拓展]associatevt.联系;(使)关联associate...with...把……和……联系起来beassociatedwith与……有联系即学即练：(1)Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuries_______________(associate)withrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.(2)Ihaveneverassociatedyou_______________thisplace.(3)Hebelongstoatrade_______________(associate).(4)Generallyspeaking,roses______________(associate)withromance.(5)他和这项工程没有关系。_______________________________________________________________Keys:(1)associated(2)with(3)association(4)areassociated(5)Hehasnoassociationwiththisproject.10.regardlessadv.不顾;不加理会(教材P)Thisistrueregardlessofhowhealthytherestoftheirdietmightbe.无论他们饮食的其他方面多么健康,都确实如此。[知识拓展](1)regardlessofcost/expense不计成本regardlessoftheresult/consequence不计后果regardlessofone’sability不管能力如何regardlessofone’sraceornationality不管种族和国籍(2)inspiteof尽管[注意]regardlessof强调“不认为……重要”，从而不加以重视或考虑，其后可以接thefactthat...；其同义词despite/inspiteof还有“尽管……但是”之意，其后一般不接从句。即学即练：1.TheLastSupper_____________widely____________(被认为是)oneofLeonardodaVinci’smasterpieces.2.他不顾危险地爬上了高塔。____________________________,heclimbedthehightower.3.Wearrivedatthestationontime______________________________.＝Wearrivedatthestationontime_____________________________.尽管下着暴风雨，我们依旧准时到达了车站。Keys:1.is;regardedas2.Regardlessofdanger3.regardlessofthestorm/despite/inspiteofthestorm11.quantityn.数量；数额(教材P32)Processedfoodsoftencontainlessnutrition，andhavehigherquantitiesofsugar,salt,andfatthanfreshingredients.加工食品通常含有较少的营养，并且比新鲜原料含有更多的糖、盐和脂肪。[例1]Quantitiesoffoodwerespreadoutonthetable.许多食品被摊放在桌子上。[例2]Thequantityandqualityofthefruitcanbecontrolled.水果的数量与质量可以被控制。[知识拓展](1)alarge/smallquantityof＝large/smallquantitiesof“大/少量的”，既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词a(large/small)quantityof后接名词作主语时，谓语常用单数形式(large/small)quantitiesof后接名词作主语时，谓语常用复数形式(2)inquantity在数量上；大量地inlargequantities大量地即学即练：1.这么大量的知识怎样才能学到呢？Howcansuch_______________beacquired?2.Ourgovernmentspentalargequantity_____________moneyinstoppingpollution.3.Helikesreadingandalwaysbuysbooksin___________/inlarge______________(quantity).Keys:1.alargequantityofknowledge2.of3.quantity/quantities12.idealadj.完美的；理想的；想象的n.理想；完美的人(或事物)(教材P)Theidealdietisabalancedone,withouttoomuchortoolittleofanyonething.理想的饮食是均衡的，任何一种东西都不要吃得太多或太少。[例1]She’slookingforajobbuthasn’tfoundheridealyet.她在寻找一份工作，但迄今为止还没有找到理想的。[例2]Samwasarealleaderwhohadhighmoralideals.萨姆胸怀崇高的道德理想，是真正的领袖人物。[知识拓展]theidealandthereal理想与现实realize/fulfilone’sideal(s)实现理想beidealfor对……极为适合即学即练：1.这是个存钱的最佳机会。Thisis_____________________________________.2.Goodexcusewon'thelpyou____________________________!美好的借口都不会帮助你实现自己的人生理想！3.Thehousesareabsolutelyideal_______________familieswithyoungchildren.Keys:1.anidealopportunitytosavemoney2.realizeyourlifeideal3.for13.trickn.诀窍；计谋；把戏vt.哄骗；欺骗(教材P)Thereisnoonetricktohealthyeating.健康饮食没有什么诀窍。[例1]Anolddogcannotlearnnewtricks.老狗学不会新把戏。[例2]IthoughtIsawaghost,butperhapsitwasonlyatrickofthelight.我以为我看见鬼了，但这大概不过是灯光在捉弄人。[知识拓展](1)playtricks/atrickonsb.搞恶作剧；开某人玩笑makefunofsb.取笑某人playajokeonsb.取笑某人(2)trickodoingsth.哄骗某人做某事(outofsth.骗取某人某物)即学即练：1.她跟我开了一个玩笑。She_______________________________.2.Don’ttakeitseriously.shejustwantstoplayajoke____________you.3.Weweretricked_________buyingapoorcar,whichmademeveryupset.Keys:1.playedatrickonme2.on3.into短语1.referto查阅；参考；谈到；涉及；指的是【原句复现】However，BrillatSavarinwasactuallyreferringtoourpersonality，character，andculture.然而，布里亚萨瓦兰实际上指的是我们的品性、性格以及文化。【归纳拓展】referto...as...把……当作……；称……为……refer...to...把……提交给……(以求获得帮助)referencen．谈及；提及；参考；查阅即学即练：(1)写出下列句中referto的汉语意思Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?Shereferredtothelastpageofthebookforanswers.ThesebookstheyreferredtoatthemeetingrefertoAsianproblems.(2)Thescientist___________(refer)thediscovery___________themostexcitingnewdevelopmentinthisfield.(3)Ifhegivesyouanymoretrouble,_____________.如果他再找你麻烦，叫他来找我。Keys：(1)指的是查阅谈到；涉及(2)referredtoas(3)referhimtome2.inpoint恰当的【原句复现】Chinesecuisineisacaseinpoint.中国的烹饪就是很好的例证。【归纳拓展】inpointof关于，就……而论inpointoffact事实上，实际上(＝inreality；actually)tothepoint切题；切中要害onthepointofdoingsth.即将做某事(通常与连词when用在一起)(1)Mydaughterlikestowearblueclothes；hernewskirtisacase____________.(2)____________,Ineverlivedattheaddressstatedontheform.(3)Thoughlackinginfluency,hespoke____________.(4)我们正要离开时隔壁突然发出了巨大的响声。_______________________________________________Keys:(1)inpoint(2)Inpointoffact(3)tothepoint(4)Wewereonthepointofleavingwhenabignoisecamefromthenextroom.3.gohandinhand密切相关；齐头并进【原句复现】Whatwecansay，however，isthatcultureandcuisinegohandinhand，andifyoudonotexperienceone，youcanneverreallyknowtheother.然而，我们可以肯定地说，文化与美食是密切相连的；如果你没有体验过其中的一个方面，你绝不会真正地了解另一方面。【归纳拓展】handinhand手拉手；联合byhand用手，手工的fromhandtomouth仅够糊口地onhand在手头，现有ontheotherhand另一方面即学即练：(1)俗话说，成功和失败如影随形。________________________________________________________________(2)随着新技术的出现，手写已成为过去的事。_____________________________________________________(3)另一方面，信息技术也引起了一些新的问题。____________________________________________________Keys:(1)Asthesayinggoes，successandfailurealwaysgohandinhand.(2)Withthecomingofnewtechnologies，writingbyhandhasbecomeathingofthepast.(3)Ontheotherhand，informationtechnologyalsobringsaboutsomenewproblems.语法——过去完成时和过去完成时被动语态任务1：过去完成时基本概念1.概念表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。在英语时态中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。由“had＋过去分词”构成。2.基本结构句式结构例句肯定句主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他HehadalreadybeentoNewYorkearlierintheweek.本周早些时候他去过纽约。否定句主语＋had＋not＋动词过去分词＋其他Atthattimewehadn’tmether.那时我们还没有见到她。一般疑问句Had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had.否定回答：No，主语＋hadn't.—Hadyouvisitedherebefore?——你以前参观过这里吗？—Yes，Ihad./No，Ihadn't.——是，我去过。/没有，我以前没有去过。特殊疑问句特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？Wherehadyoubeenbeforeyoucamehere?你来这里前还去过哪儿？任务2：过去完成时基本用法1．表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。例如：Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。2．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。例如：Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。3．叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。例如：Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。4．在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如：IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.我已归还了我借的书。Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。5．过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如：Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他说他很熟悉她。IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。6．状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如：when，before，after，assoonas，till/until引导的复合句。例如：WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.我醒来时雨已停了。Shedidn’tgotobeduntilshehadfinishedherwork.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。【注意】如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如：AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。7．动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。例如：Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.我们本来希望能来看看你。8．过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...，nosooner...than...，itwasthefirst(second，etc)time(that)．..等固定句型中。例如：Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他刚到就又走了。Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.这是他那一年第三次失业了。任务3：过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基点，但侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响。过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。任务4：过去完成时被动语态1.概念过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。现在完成时：表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基点，但侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响。过去完成时：则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。2.基本结构句式结构肯定句主语＋hadbeendone＋其他成分.否定句主语＋hadnotbeendone＋其他成分.一般疑问句Had＋主语＋beendone＋其他成分?特殊疑问句疑问词＋had＋主语＋beendone＋其他成分?3.过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。例如：Bythetimehegottotheschool,thefirstclasshadbeenfinished.当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。Theclassroomhadn'tbeencleanedbeforetheteachercame.老师来之前，教室还没有打扫过。Howmanybuildingshadbeendestroyedwhentheearthquakeended?地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁？(2)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。例如：Astheassignmenthadbeendone,hewentontosearchtheInternet.任务完成后，他继续上网搜索。Hedidwhathehadbeentoldto.他做了别人叫他做的事。【注意】当从句由after，before，when或assoonas引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。例如：Whenhearrived，hecalledher.他到达时，给她打了电话。Theylockedthedoorbeforetheyleft.在离开前，他们把门锁上了。(3)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。例如：Theysaidtheproductioncostshadbeenreduced.他们说生产成本已经降低了。Thegirlwasremindedthatherhomeworkhadnotbeenhandedin.那个女孩被提醒她的家庭作业还没有交。Themediareportedmorethan1,000peoplehadbeenkilledintheearthquake.媒体报道有1000多人在地震中丧生。【点拨】过去完成时被动语态与现在完成时被动语态用法区别：现在完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作，过去完成时被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。例如：Thispollutedriverhasbeencleaned.这条被污染了的河流已被净化。解析：该句表示到现在为止这条河流已被净化。例如：HesaidthisbookhadbeentranslatedintoJapanese.他说这本书已被译成日语。解析：该句表示到他说话时所体现的时间为止这本书已被译成日语。【查漏补缺】I.在横线上填入正确的介词1.Wework___________associationwithanumberoflocalcompaniestoraisemoneyforthehomeless.2.Youwillcompromiseyourgoodnameifyouassociate___________thesepeople.3.Thejobisopentoallapplicantsregardless___________age,race,orgender.4.Capitalpunishmentwasregarded___________inhumanandimmoral.5.Ihavenocomplaintswithregard___________hiswork.6.Largequantities___________goodsweredamagedinthestorm.7.It'salotcheaperifyoubuyit___________quantity.Keys：1.in2.with3.of4.as5.to6.of7.inII.短语填空warmup,becombinedwith,incash,recommendto,cooldown,becoveredwith1.Mygarden_______________somanybutterfliesthatIcouldhardlyseetheflowers.2.InEnglishstudy,intensivereadingmust_______________extensivereading.3.Hehashadtimeto_______________andlookatwhathappenedmoreobjectively.4.Scientistspredictthattheworldislikelyto_______________overthenextfewdecades.5.Weinsistonpayment_______________ondeliverywithoutallowinganydiscount.6.Ireallylikespicyfood,sowhatdishwouldyouliketo_______________me?Keys：1.wascoveredwith2,becombinedwith3.cooldown4.warmup5.incash6.recommendtoIII.根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词1.Theycontinuedtoworkregardless____________thefactthatitwasraining.2.Ourgovernmentspentalargequantity____________moneyinstoppingpollution.3.Everydayinhotsummer,alargequantityofbeer____________(consume).4.Largequantitiesofairconditioners____________(sell)sincethesummeriscoming.5.Helikesreadingandalwaysbuysbooksin____________(quantity).6.Don'ttakeitseriously;shejustwantstoplayajoke____________you.7.Weweretricked____________buyingapoorcar,whichmademeveryupset.Keys：1of2.of3.isconsumed4.havebeensold5.quantity/inlargequantities6.on7.intoIV.单句语法填空1.He______________(work)inthestoreforfiveyearsbeforehemovedhere.2.WhenIgottothestation,thetrain______________(leave).3.Thetask______________(finish)before12:00yesterday.4.We______________(build)fivenewbuildingsbytheendoflastyear.5.Icouldseefromherfacethatshe______________(receive)somegoodnews.6.Hesaidhe______________(be)therebefore.7.Werealizedwe______________(lose)ourway.8.We______________(hope)thatyouwouldbeabletovisitus.9.Theconcert______________(start).Wehavetolookforourseatsinthedark.10.You’retoolate;thetrain______________(leave).Keys：1.hadworked2.hadleft3.hadbeenfinished4.hadbuilt5.hadreceived6.hadbeen7.hadlost8.hadhoped9.hasstarted10.hasleft【梳理优化】重点词性转换1.priorityn.优先事项；优先权prioradj.先前的；优先的priorto在……之前的2.consistv.由……组成(或构成)consistentadj.一致的；始终如一的consistencyn.一致性consistof由……组成(或构成)consistin存在于beconsistentwithsth.与……一致3.stuffvt.填满；把……塞进n.东西；物品stuff...with...用……填满……stuffinto把……塞进stuffup堵上andstuff等等4.slicen.(切下的食物)薄片vt.把……切成薄片slicedadj.已切成片的asliceof一片……slice...off切下sliceinto切开，切成slicesth.intosth.把某物切成……5.minimumadj.最低(限度)的；最小的n.最小值；最少量aminimumof最少的；最少；至少ataminimum处于最小限度attheminimumofcost以最低的成本keep...toaminimum把……保持在最低限度6.associatev.联想；联系associationn.协会；关联inassociationwith与……联合；与……相联系associate...with...使……与……联系associatewithsb.与某人交往/共事beassociatedwith与……有关7.regardv.视为；注视n.关心；注意regardlessadv.不顾；不加理会regardlessof不管；不顾regard...as把……当作……in/withregardtosb./sth.关于；至于8.quantityn.数量；数额aquantityof大量的；一些；许多quantitiesof许多的；大量的inquantity数大量9.moderationn.适度；合理moderateadj.适度的moderatelyadv.适度；适量inmoderation适度地；有节制地bemoderatein在……方面适度的/有节制的10.fundamentn.基础，基本原理fundamentaladj.根本的；基础的；基本的n.基本规律；根本法则fundamentallyadv.根本上；基本上befundamentalto...是……的基础/根本11.trickn.诀窍；计谋；把戏playatrick/tricksonsb.捉弄某人tricksb.intodoingsth.诱使某人做某事tricksb.outofsth.骗走某人某物【强化巩固】根据汉语和首字母填单词1.Hewas____________withjealousy.(充满内心）2.We'llneedtenmonthso__________(总共)tohavetherestaurantdecorated.3.SometraditionalChinesedishesfrom_________(在…之前)totheMingDynastyarestillpopulartoday.4.wewillhavetocarryallourcampings___________(东西）5.Mygrandpa'sbreakfastmainlyc___________of(包括)wholegrainbiscuitsandaglassofmilk.6.Weenjoyedaspecialdinnerinafancyrestaurantwherethewaitersallworee_________(高雅的)suits.7.Heprefersthisbrandofcoffeewhich,ashe