2026年英语专四真题及答案解析

2026年英语专四真题及答案解析PartIDictation(10points)Listentothefollowingpassage.Altogetherthepassagewillbereadtoyoufourtimes.Duringthefirstreading,whichwillbedoneatnormalspeed,listenandtrytounderstandthemeaning.Forthesecondandthirdreadings,thepassagewillbereadsentencebysentence,orphrasebyphrase,withintervalsof15seconds.Thelastreadingwillbedoneatnormalspeedagainandduringthistimeyoushouldcheckyourwork.Youwillthenbegiven2minutestocheckthroughyourworkoncemore.(请在此处插入音频文件，内容如下：)Theconceptofa"thirdplace"hasgainedsignificantattentioninrecentsociologicalstudies.Unlikethefirstplace(home)andthesecondplace(work),athirdplacereferstoapublicsettingwherepeoplecangatherandinteractinformally.Thesespaces,suchascafes,libraries,communitycenters,orpublicparks,arecharacterizedbytheirneutralground,wheresocialstatusislargelyirrelevant.Theprimaryfunctionofathirdplaceistofostercommunitybondsandprovideasenseofbelonging.Inanincreasinglydigitalandfragmentedworld,theimportanceofthesephysicalspacesformentalwell-beingandsocialcohesioncannotbeoverstated.Theyserveasvitalarenasfortheexchangeofideas,support,andsimplehumanconnection.答案与解析：1.concept2.thirdplace3.significantattention4.sociologicalstudies5.Unlike6.firstplace7.secondplace8.refersto9.publicsetting10.gatherandinteractinformally11.characterizedby12.neutralground13.socialstatus14.largelyirrelevant15.primaryfunction16.fostercommunitybonds17.senseofbelonging18.increasinglydigital19.fragmentedworld20.importance21.physicalspaces22.mentalwell-being23.socialcohesion24.cannotbeoverstated25.serveas26.vitalarenas27.exchangeofideas28.support29.humanconnection解析：本段听写围绕社会学概念“第三空间”展开，词汇涉及社会学、社区生活、心理健康等领域。需注意以下难点：1)专有名词“thirdplace”需准确写出；2)“characterizedby”、“cannotbeoverstated”等固定搭配；3)“fragmented”、“cohesion”等较难拼写的词汇；4)句子结构较长，如“Theprimaryfunction...bonds”和“Inanincreasingly...overstated”，需在听第三遍时注意意群划分，确保语法和标点正确。PartIIListeningComprehension(20points)SectionATalkListentothefollowingtalk.YouwillhearthetalkONCEONLY.Youarerequiredtocompletethegap-fillingtaskwithTENmissingwordsonaseparateanswersheet.(请在此处插入音频文件，内容如下：)Goodmorning,everyone.Today,I'dliketodiscussasubtleyetpowerfulaspectofhumancommunication:paralanguage.Paralanguagereferstothenon-lexicalcomponentsofspeech.It'snotwhatyousay,buthowyousayit.Thisincludesawiderangeofvocalfeatures.First,let'sconsidervocalqualities.Thesearetherelativelystable,backgroundcharacteristicsofaperson'svoice,suchaspitchrange,rhythm,tempo,andresonance.Forinstance,aconsistentlyhigh-pitchedvoicemightbeperceiveddifferentlyfromadeep,resonantone.Next,wehavevocalizations.Thesearespecificsoundsthatconveymeaning.Theycanbedividedintothreecategories.Thefirstisvocalcharacterizers,likelaughing,crying,oryawning.Thesecondisvocalqualifiers,suchasintensity(loudness/softness)andpitchvariation(high/low).Thethirdisvocalsegregates,whicharenon-wordfillerslike"uh,""um,"or"hmm."Theseoftensignalhesitationorapauseforthought.Thesignificanceofparalanguageisprofound.Itcanreinforce,contradict,orevensubstituteforverbalmessages.Asarcastictone,forexample,cancompletelyinverttheliteralmeaningofwords.Italsoplaysacrucialroleinexpressingemotionsandregulatingsocialinteractions,likeusingarisingintonationtoaskaquestion.Understandingparalanguageenhancesourcommunicativecompetence.Itisespeciallycriticalincross-culturalcontexts,wherethesamevocalcuecanhavevastlydifferentinterpretations.Inconclusion,payingattentiontothissilentorchestraofspeechcanleadtomoreeffectiveandempatheticcommunication.答案：1.ensity8.segregates9.reinforce10petence解析：本篇讲座介绍了“副语言”这一概念及其分类和重要性。填空均为核心术语或关键动词。第1题为主旨词；第2题定义性描述；第3、5题为分类标题；第4、7、8题为分类下的具体例子或项目；第9题描述功能；第10题总结意义。听前预判词性（多为名词）有助于定位。SectionBConversationsInthissection,youwillheartwoconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.ConversationOne(请在此处插入音频文件，内容如下：)M:Hi,Sarah.Isawtheposterforthecampus"GreenInitiativeWeek"nextmonth.Itlooksquiteambitious.W:Hi,Mark.Yes,itis!TheEnvironmentalSocietyisreallytryingtopushforsomelastingchangesthisyear,notjustone-offevents.M:That'sgreat.What'sontheagenda?Inoticedsomethingabouta"Zero-WasteChallenge"?W:Exactly.That'stheflagshipevent.We'rechallengingstudentstoreducetheirnon-recyclablewastetoaminimumfortheentireweek.We'llprovideworkshopsoncompostingandupcycling.M:Soundspractical.Butisn'tthebiggestissuethesingle-useplasticsinthecampuscafesandcanteens?W:You'vehitthenailonthehead.That'soursecondmajorgoal:lobbyingthecampuscateringservicestophaseoutplasticcutlery,straws,andStyrofoamboxes.Wehaveapetitionandareplanningameetingwiththemanagement.M:Countmeinforsigningthat.Whatabouttransportation?Iseesomanycarsidlingaroundcampus.W:We'repromoting"Car-FreeDays"andexpandingthebike-sharingprogram.We'realsoworkingwiththecitycounciltoincreasethefrequencyofbusesservingtheuniversityrouteduringpeakhours.M:Comprehensiveplan.HowcanIhelpbeyondjustparticipating?W:Weneedvolunteersfortheworkshopsandtohelpmanourawarenessbooths.Also,ifyouhaveanygraphicdesignskills,weneedhelpwithpromotionalmaterials.M:I'mdecentwithdesignsoftware.Icanlendahandwiththat.W:Perfect!Letmegiveyouthecontactdetailsofourcoordinator.Questions1to5arebasedonConversationOne.1.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheGreenInitiativeWeekthisyear?2.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthe"Zero-WasteChallenge"?3.Whatisthesecondmajorgoalmentionedbythewoman?4.Whatmeasureismentionedregardingtransportation?5.Howdoesthemanoffertohelp?答案：1.C.Topushforsomelastingchangesoncampus.2.A.Itinvolvesreducingnon-recyclablewasteandincludeseducationalworkshops.3.B.Tolobbythecateringservicestostopusingcertainplasticitems.4.D.Promotingcar-freedaysandimprovingpublictransportaccess.5.A.Byhelpingwithgraphicdesignforpromotionalmaterials.解析：1.对话开头，女士明确提到“tryingtopushforsomelastingchangesthisyear”。其他选项是具体活动，不是总目的。2.女士提到“reducetheirnon-recyclablewaste”和“provideworkshopsoncompostingandupcycling”，A项概括准确。B项“仅限一天”、C项“竞赛”、D项“替换所有包装”均未提及或与原文不符。3.女士说“secondmajorgoal:lobbying...tophaseoutplasticcutlery,straws,andStyrofoamboxes”，与B项一致。A项是第一个目标；C项“提高价格”、D项“关闭”未提及。4.女士提到“promoting'Car-FreeDays'”和“increasethefrequencyofbuses”，D项是这两点的同义转述。A项“禁止”太绝对；B项“安装充电桩”未提及；C项只提到部分。5.男士最后说“I'mdecentwithdesignsoftware.Icanlendahandwiththat.”，对应A项。B项“组织会议”是女士的工作；C项“捐款”、D项“联系市议会”未提及。ConversationTwo(请在此处插入音频文件，内容如下：)W:ProfessorDavies,thankyouforseeingmeaboutmymid-termpapertopiconmodernadaptationsofShakespeare.M:Mypleasure,Claire.So,you'reinterestedinhowhisplaysarereinterpretedtoday?W:Yes,specifically,I'mfascinatedbytransmediaadaptations—whereastoryspreadsacrossfilm,novels,graphicnovels,evenvideogames.M:Anexcellentandcontemporaryangle.AclassicexamplewouldbethevariousiterationsofHamlet.Youhavethetraditionalfilm,butalsoderivativeworkslikeTheLionKing,whichrecontextualizesthecoreplotintoachildren'sanimatedfeature.W:That'sexactlywhatI'mthinkingof.ButIworryitmightbetoobroad.IwasconsideringfocusingonMacbethanditsadaptationsinnon-Westerncontexts,liketheJapanesefilmThroneofBloodbyKurosawa.M:That'samorefocusedandacademicallyrobustapproach.ThroneofBloodisamasterpieceofculturaltranslation.Itretainstheplay'sthematicessence—ambition,guilt,fate—buttransposesittofeudalJapan,usingNohtheatreaesthetics.Thisallowsyoutoanalyzebothfidelityandinnovation.W:So,comparingtheoriginaltext'streatmentof,say,thesupernaturalelementswithhowKurosawausestheforestspiritandtheeerieatmosphere?M:Precisely.Youcandelveintohowdifferentculturalframeworksshapetheexpressionofuniversalthemes.Remembertoalsobrieflytouchonwhysuchadaptationsremainrelevant—whattheysayaboutourcontemporaryanxietiesthatmirrorShakespeare'stime.W:That'sveryhelpful.I'llnarrowmyfocustoMacbethandThroneofBlood,withapossibleglanceatamorerecentadaptationforcomparison.M:Soundslikeasolidplan.Startwithaclearthesisonthemechanicsandculturalsignificanceofadaptation.Questions6to10arebasedonConversationTwo.6.Whatisthemainfocusofthestudent'sintendedpaper?7.WhydoestheprofessormentionTheLionKing?8.WhatistheadvantageoffocusingonThroneofBlood,accordingtotheprofessor?9.Whatspecificaspectdoesthestudentsuggestcomparing?10.Whatfinaladvicedoestheprofessorgive?答案：6.B.ModernreinterpretationsofShakespeare'splaysacrossdifferentmedia.7.C.Toprovideanexampleofatransmediaadaptationthatrecontextualizesaplay.8.D.Itallowsforananalysisofculturaltranslationandthematicfidelity.9.A.Thetreatmentofsupernaturalelementsintheoriginalandtheadaptation.10.B.Tobeginwithaclearthesisaboutadaptation'smechanicsandsignificance.解析：6.学生开头说“modernadaptationsofShakespeare”和“transmediaadaptations”，B项最全面。A项未提及；C项是具体例子，不是焦点；D项“电影史”范围太大。7.教授在解释“transmediaadaptations”和“recontextualizesthecoreplot”时，以TheLionKing为例，故C项正确。A项“最伟大”未提及；B项“批评”不符；D项“建议写它”错误。8.教授评价该方向“morefocusedandacademicallyrobust”，并说“Itretainstheplay'sthematicessence...buttransposesit”，并总结“allowsyoutoanalyzebothfidelityandinnovation”，D项是此意的概括。9.学生明确说“comparingtheoriginaltext'streatmentof...thesupernaturalelementswithhowKurosawauses...”，对应A项。10.教授最后说“Startwithaclearthesisonthemechanicsandculturalsignificanceofadaptation.”，即B项内容。PartIIILanguageKnowledge(20points)Therearetwentysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Theboardofdirectorsdemandedthattheproposal______infullbeforethenextfiscalmeeting.A.wasstudiedB.bestudiedC.wouldbestudiedD.isstudied2.Notuntilthereportwaspublished______thefullscaleoftheenvironmentaldamage.A.thepublicrealizedB.didthepublicrealizeC.thepublichadrealizedD.hadthepublicrealized3.Thenovel'sprotagonist,______byarelentlesspursuitoftruth,oftenfindshimselfatoddswithsociety.A.drivenB.drivingC.todriveD.wasdriven4.Itishightimewe______theseoutdatedregulationswhichhinderinnovation.A.reviseB.revisedC.willreviseD.haverevised5.Thenewlybuiltmuseumis______,ifnotmoreimpressivethan,theonewevisitedinParis.A.asimpressiveasB.soimpressiveasC.suchimpressiveasD.tooimpressiveas6.______withsufficientdata,theresearchteamcouldhavedrawnamoredefinitiveconclusion.A.HadtheybeenprovidedB.IftheywereprovidedC.WeretheytobeprovidedD.Providedtheywere7.Thecompany'ssuccessisattributable______tothededicationofitsemployeesthantoanystrategicgeniusatthetop.A.lessB.moreC.muchD.least8.Sheisoneofthoserareindividualswho______alwayswillingtolendahelpinghand.A.isB.areC.wasD.were9.Thecontractstipulatesthatanydispute______byarbitrationratherthanlitigation.A.issettledB.besettledC.mustsettleD.settles10.Sointricate______thatittookscholarsdecadestodecipheritsmeaning.A.themanuscriptwasB.wasthemanuscriptC.themanuscriptisD.isthemanuscript11.Heapologizedforhisabsence,citingreasons______hebelievedwerebeyondhiscontrol.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.why12.Themanager,togetherwithhisassistants,______presentingtheannualreportattheconferencenow.A.isB.areC.wasD.were13.I'dratheryou______anycommentsonthematteruntiltheinvestigationiscomplete.A.don'tmakeB.didn'tmakeC.won'tmakeD.wouldn'tmake14.Theprojectis______complexthatitrequiresthecollaborationofmultipleexperts.A.soB.suchC.veryD.too15.Itwasherunwaveringconviction,morethananythingelse,______carriedherthroughthecrisis.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who16.Scarcely______thedoorwhenthephonestartedringinginsistently.A.hehadclosedB.hadheclosedC.heclosedD.didheclose17.Theproposalsubmittedbytheconsultancyfirm,______detailedandwell-researched,wasultimatelyrejectedonbudgetarygrounds.A.thoughB.howeverC.asD.since18.Alltheevidence______,thejuryhadnochoicebuttoreturnaverdictofguilty.A.consideringB.consideredC.toconsiderD.beingconsidered19.Thegovernmenthaspledgedtotakemeasures______theinflationrate,whichhasbeenamajorpublicconcern.A.curbingB.curbedC.tocurbD.beingcurbed20.Undernocircumstances______thesafetyprotocolsduringtheexperiment.A.youshouldignoreB.shouldyouignoreC.youignoreD.ignoreyou答案与解析：1.B.虚拟语气。动词“demand”后的宾语从句应使用“(should)+动词原形”的虚拟语气，此处为被动“bestudied”。2.B.倒装结构。“Notuntil...”位于句首时，主句需部分倒装（助动词/情态动词/be动词提前）。根据从句“waspublished”，主句动作在后，用一般过去时“did...realize”。3.A.非谓语动词。逻辑主语“protagonist”与动词“drive”是被动关系（被驱使），故用过去分词“driven”作原因状语。4.B.虚拟语气。“Itishightime(that)...”句型中，从句谓语动词用一般过去时表示虚拟。5.A.比较结构。“as...as...”用于同级比较，中间插入形容词原级“impressive”。“ifnotmoreimpressivethan”是插入语。6.A.虚拟语气与倒装。表示与过去事实相反的假设，条件句用“If+haddone”，省略if时需倒装为“Had+主语+done”。7.B.比较结构。“attributablemoretoAthantoB”意为“更多归因于A而非B”。“less...than”逻辑不通。8.B.主谓一致。定语从句的先行词是“individuals”（复数），从句谓语动词应与之一致，用“are”。时态为一般现在时。9.B.虚拟语气。动词“stipulate”（规定）后的宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”的虚拟语气，被动为“besettled”。10.B.倒装结构。“So+形容词”位于句首时，句子需部分倒装。根据下文“took”，时态为过去，故选B。11.A.定语从句。先行词“reasons”在定语从句中作主语，关系代词可用that或which。但从句中“hebelieved”是插入语，不影响成分。12.A.主谓一致。主语为“Themanager”，“togetherwithhisassistants”是附加成分，谓语动词应与单数主语一致。时间状语“now”决定用现在时“is”。13.B.虚拟语气。“wouldrather(that)...”句型中，从句谓语动词用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟。14.A.固定句型。“so...that...”引导结果状语从句。“such”后应接名词。15.A.强调句型。“Itwas...that...”强调主语“herunwaveringconviction”。判断方法：去掉Itwas和that，句子结构完整。16.B.倒装结构。“Scarcely/Hardly...when...”句型中，scarcely部分需用过去完成时且部分倒装（had提前）。17.A.让步状语。“though”引导让步状语，意为“虽然”，后接形容词“detailedandwell-researched”。“however”后需接句子或用逗号隔开。18.B.独立主格结构。逻辑主语“Alltheevidence”与“consider”是被动关系（被考虑），用过去分词“considered”构成独立主格作状语。19.C.非谓语动词作定语。动词不定式“tocurb”作后置定语修饰“measures”，表示目的（为了抑制通胀的措施）。20.B.倒装结构。“Undernocircumstances”（决不）等否定短语位于句首时，句子需部分倒装（情态动词/助动词提前）。PartIVCloze(10points)Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.A.inherentlyB.perceptionC.triggeredD.fleetingE.sustainF.ConverselyG.profoundH.mundaneI.retainedJ.converselyK.capacityL.narrativeM.residueN.evocativeO.virtuallyWhydosomememoriespersistforalifetime,whileothersfadewithinmoments?Neuroscientistsandpsychologistshavelonggrappledwiththisquestion.Recentresearchsuggeststhatemotionalintensityisakeyfactor.Eventsthat(1)______strongemotionalresponses—whetherjoy,fear,orsurprise—aremorelikelytobe(2)______.Thisisbecauseemotionsactivatetheamygdala,abrainregionthatenhancesmemoryconsolidation.However,emotionisnotthesolearchitectofmemory.The(3)______ofmeaningalsoplaysacrucialrole.Wearemorelikelytoremembera(4)______storythatfitsintoourpersonallifestorythanaseriesofrandom,albeitemotional,images.Thisprocess,knownas"semanticelaboration,"helpsweaveexperiencesintoacoherent(5)______.(6)______,thesheerfrequencyofrehearsal—mentallyrevisitinganevent—cancementitinourminds.Thisexplainswhy(7)______dailyroutines,likeyourcommute,oftenleavelittletrace,unlesssomethingunusualoccurs.Theyarenot(8)______rehearsedinameaningfulway.Yet,some(9)______memoriesexistwithoutconsciousrehearsal.Theseareoftensensoryfragments:asmell,amelody,atexture.Such(10)______cuescanunexpectedlytransportusbacktoaspecificmomentintime,demonstratingmemory'sintricateandassociativenature.答案：1.C(triggered)2.I(retained)3.B(perception)4.L(narrative)5.L(narrative)(本题两空答案相同，但根据上下文逻辑，第4空强调“故事性的”，第5空强调“叙事”本身。若不允许重复，则第5空可考虑为“framework”等词，但所给选项无更佳选择。基于原文，保留L。)6.F(Conversely)7.H(mundane)8.O(virtually)9.D(fleeting)(根据“withoutconsciousrehearsal”和“sensoryfragments”，应指“短暂的”记忆片段，而非“深刻的”。)10.N(evocative)解析：1.事件“触发”情感反应，C.triggered符合。2.被“保留”或“记住”，I.retained。3.对“意义”的“感知”，B.perception。4.一个“叙事性的”故事，L.narrative。5.融入一个连贯的“叙事”中，L.narrative。6.上文讲意义，下文讲重复，是转折关系，F.Conversely（相反地）。7.与“somethingunusual”相对，指“平凡的”日常，H.mundane。8.它们“几乎不”被有意义地复述，O.virtually（几乎）。9.后文说“sensoryfragments”（感官碎片），应是“短暂的”记忆，D.fleeting。10.能唤起回忆的线索，N.evocative（唤起情感的）。PartVReadingComprehension(20points)SectionAReadthefollowingpassageandthenanswerthequestionsbychoosingthebestanswer.PassageOneThephenomenonof"de-extinction,"theprospectofbringingvanishedspeciesbacktolife,hasleaptfromsciencefictiontotherealmofseriousscientificinquiry,fueledbyadvancesingenetics,particularlyCRISPRgene-editingtechnology.Proponentsargueitoffersapowerfultoolforconservation,potentiallyrestoringlostbiodiversityandrepairingdamagedecosystems.Forinstance,reintroducingthewoollymammothtotheArctictundra,aconceptactivelypursuedbysomeresearchgroups,couldhelprestorethegrasslandecosystem,whichinturnmightslowpermafrostthawandcombatclimatechange.However,criticsraiseahostofethical,ecological,andpracticalconcerns.Ethically,questionsaboundaboutthewelfareoftheresurrectedanimalsthemselves.Wouldtheybemerecuriositiesinaworldutterlyalientotheirancestors?Ecologically,introducingaspecies,evenonethatoncebelongedthere,isanunpredictableexperiment.Theoriginalecosystemhasevolvedinitsabsence.Thepassengerpigeon,oncenumberinginthebillions,playedaspecificroleinseeddispersalandforestdynamics.Couldareintroducedpopulationtrulyreplicatethatfunction,andwhatunintendedconsequencesmightfollow?Practically,de-extinctionisastronomicallyexpensiveandtechnologicallydemanding.Thefundsandscientificeffortrequiredtoresurrectasinglespeciescouldpotentiallyprotectdozensofcurrentlyendangeredspeciesfromextinction.Thissparksadebateaboutconservationpriorities:shouldwefocusonpreservingwhatremainsorattempttoresurrectwhatislost?Ultimately,de-extinctionforcesustoconfrontprofoundquestionsaboutourrelationshipwithnature.Isitanactofatonementforpastextinctions,oramanifestationofhumanhubris?Whilethetechnologypresentsfascinatingpossibilities,italsounderscoresasoberingreality:preventingextinctioninthefirstplaceremainsafarmoreprudentandlessfraughtpaththantryingtoreverseit.1.Whatistheprimarydrivingforcebehindtheseriousconsiderationofde-extinction?A.Growingpublicfascinationwithprehistoriccreatures.B.Significantbreakthroughsingeneticengineering.C.Theurgentneedtocombatclimatechangeimmediately.D.Thecompletefailureoftraditionalconservationmethods.2.Accordingtoproponents,whatcouldbeapotentialbenefitofreintroducingthewoollymammoth?A.Itwouldattracttourismandgeneratesubstantialrevenue.B.Itcouldcontributetomitigatingaglobalenvironmentalissue.C.Itwouldprovetheultimatecapabilityofhumanscientificpower.D.Itcouldhelpscientistsunderstandtheexactcauseofitsextinction.3.Theecologicalconcernaboutde-extinctionfocusesonits______.A.highfinancialcostB.unpredictableimpactonpresentecosystemsC.potentialtocausesufferingtoresurrectedanimalsD.diversionofresourcesfromprotectingexistingspecies4.Thedebateonconservationprioritieshighlightedinthepassageisbetween______.A)qualityandquantityofspeciesB)scientificprogressandethicalboundariesC)resurrectionofthepastandpreservationofthepresentD)governmentfundingandprivateinvestment5.Whatistheauthor'soveralltonetowardsde-extinction?A.Unreservedlyenthusiasticandpromotional.B.Sarcasticallycriticalanddismissive.C.Objectivelyanalyticalwithcautiousskepticism.D.Deeplypessimisticandalarmist.答案与解析：1.B.细节题。首段首句明确指出“fueledbyadvancesingenetics,particularlyCRISPR...”，即遗传学进步是主要推动力。2.B.细节题。首段最后提到恢复猛犸象可能“slowpermafrostthawandcombatclimatechange”，即缓解气候变化这一全球环境问题。A、C、D项未提及。3.B.细节题。第二段“Ecologically...isanunpredictableexperiment.Theoriginalecosystemhasevolved...”集中体现了对现有生态系统不可预测影响的担忧。A、D是实际问题，C是伦理问题。4.C.推断题。第三段最后提出“shouldwefocusonpreservingwhatremainsorattempttoresurrectwhatislost?”，即“保护现存物种”与“复活已灭绝物种”之间的优先权之争。5.C.主旨题/态度题。全文客观呈现了支持方和反对方的论点，最后一段指出技术带来可能性，但也强调预防比逆转更明智，体现了审慎分析的态度，没有极端倾向。SectionBReadthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestions.Choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.PassageTwoInthebustlingmarketplaceofideasthatcharacterizesthedigitalage,attentionhasbecomethemostcovetedcurrency.ThishasgivenrisetowhatculturalcriticJamesWilliamscallsthe"attentioneconomy,"whereplatformscompetefiercelyforusers'finitecognitiveresources.Theprimaryproductbeingsold,heargues,isnotinformationorevenconnection,butdistraction—ormoreprecisely,thecapacitytocaptureandholdourfocus.Themechanismsofthiseconomyaredesignedtoexploitpsychologicalvulnerabilities.Infinitescrolls,autoplayfeatures,personalizednotifications,andvariablerewardschedules(like"likes")areallengineeredtocreatecompulsiveusagepatterns.Thesedesignsoftenprioritizeengagementmetrics—timespent,clicks,shares—overthequalityofuserexperienceortheintegrityofinformationconsumed.Theconsequence,Williamswarns,isasystemicattackonhumanautonomy.Ourgoalsaresubtlydisplaced;theintentiontoreadanewsarticlemorphsintoanhourofmindlessbrowsing.Ourcapacityforsustained,deepthought—essentialfordemocracy,personalgrowth,andcomplexproblem-solving—iserodedbyaconstantdripoffragmentedstimuli.Thisphenomenonhasprofoundimplicationsforsociety.Ifthepublicsphereisdominatedbyforcesthatprofitfromdistractionandoutrage,howcanwefosterthedeliberative,reasoneddiscoursenecessaryforahealthydemocracy?Onapersonallevel,theconstantbattleforattentionfragmentsourconsciousness,makingithardertocultivateacoherentsenseofselfandpurpose.Resistingthepulloftheattentioneconomyrequiresmorethanindividualwillpower;itdemandsstructuralawarenessanddesignethics.Userscanemploydigitalwell-beingtools,practicemindfulconsumption,andcultivate"attentionhygiene."Moreimportantly,thereisagrowingcallforregulatorsandtechcompaniestoredesignplatformswithhumanflourishing,notjustengagement,asthecoremetric.Thechallengeistobuildatechnologylandscapethatsupports,ratherthansubverts,ourabilitytopayattentiontowhattrulymatters.6.AccordingtoJamesWilliams,whatistherealcommoditytradedinthe"attentioneconomy"?A.Accurateandtimelyinformation.B.Socialconnectivityandnetworking.C.Theabilitytodistractandcapturefocus.D.Advanceddigitaladvertisingspace.7.Theauthormentions"infinitescrolls"and"autoplayfeatures"asexamplesof______.A.user-friendlyinnovationsthatenhanceexperienceB.toolsforefficientlyorganizinginformationC.designsthatexploitpsychologicalweaknessestoboostengagementD.necessaryevilsinthedevelopmentofdigitaltechnology8.Whatisidentifiedasamajorcasualtyoftheattentioneconomyinthepassage?A.Theprofitabilityoftraditionalmediacompanies.B.Thespeedofglobalinformationdissemination.C.Thehumancapacityforsustained,deepthought.D.Thedevelopmentofnewdigitalentertainmentforms.9.Thesocietalimplicationoftheattentioneconomydiscussedinthepassageisitsthreatto______.A.economicequalityB.democraticdiscourseC.nationalsecurityD.technologicalinnovation10.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestasanecessaryresponsebeyondindividualeffort?A.Completedisconnectionfromalldigitalplatforms.B.Legalpunishmentfortechcompanyexecu