广西桂林市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1广西桂林市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共11小题;每小题2.5分，满分27.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHereareseveralpopulareco-friendlytravelwaystoexplorethebeautyofnatureaswellasprotecttheenvironment.CyclingToursCyclingTourshavegainedimmensepopularityamongtravelerswhoareawareofenvironmentalissues.Theyprovideaspecialchancetoexploreaplaceslowly,givingyouenoughtimetohaveacloselookatthebeautifulsceneryandconnectwithlocalpeople.Youhaveavarietyofroutestochoosefrom,rangingfromcountrylaneswithlovelyruralviewstocoastaltrailswithamazingoceanviews.Somecyclingtourfirmsoffertop-notchbicyclesandskilledguideswhoknowalotaboutthelocalhistoryandculture.Additionally,cyclingisaformoftransportationthatdoesn’tproduceanyemissions,whichhelpsloweryourcarbonfootprint.ElectricCarRentalsForthosewhowantaneasierwaytotravelwhilestillcaringfortheenvironment,rentinganelectriccarisafantasticoption.Numerouscitiesworldwidenowofferelectriccarorscooter(滑板车)rentalservices.Thesevehiclesarenotonlyquietandsmooth-ridingbutalsoemitfewerpollutantscomparedtotraditionalgasolinevehicles.Withanelectriccar,youcaneffortlesslyvisitvariousattractionsinacityorevengoonaroadtriptonearbyplaces.Somerentalcompaniesalsoprovidehelpfulinformationandsupportregardingchargingstations.Eco-FriendlyCruiseShipsEco-FriendlyCruiseShipsarebecominganewtrend.Theseshipsareequippedwithadvancedwastemanagementandenergy-savingtechnologies.Theyusecleanenergysourceslikesolarandwindpowertoreducetheirfuelusage.Onboard,passengerscanenjoyawiderangeoffacilitiesandactivitieswhileknowingthatthecruiselineisdedicated(致力于)tominimizingitsharmtotheenvironment.Someeco-friendlycruiseshipsalsooffereducationalprogramsaboutprotectingtheoceansandlivingsustainably.1.WhatistheadvantageofCyclingTours?A.Theyarethefastestwaytotravel.B.Theyofferacloseexplorationofaplace.C.Theyrequirenoprofessionalguides.D.Theyareonlyavailableinthecountryside.2.WhyareElectricCarRentalsconsideredeco-friendly?A.Theyarecheaper.B.Theyarefullyequipped.C.Theyuselessfuel.D.Theyreleasefewerpollutants.3.HowdoEco-FriendlyCruiseShipsprotecttheenvironment?A.Theydonoharmtotheoceans.B.Theydonotproducewasteonboard.C.Theyusecleanenergyandadvancedtechnologies.D.Theydonotallowpassengerstodoanyactivities.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍骑行旅行、电动汽车租赁和环保游轮三种环保旅行方式，讲述其特点与环保优势。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据CyclingTours部分中的“Theyprovideaspecialchancetoexploreaplaceslowly,givingyouenoughtimetohaveacloselookatthebeautifulsceneryandconnectwithlocalpeople.(它们提供了一个慢慢探索一个地方的特别机会，让你有足够的时间近距离欣赏美丽的风景并与当地人交流。)”可知，骑行旅行的优势是能让人近距离探索目的地。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据ElectricCarRentals部分中的“Thesevehiclesarenotonlyquietandsmooth-ridingbutalsoemitfewerpollutantscomparedtotraditionalgasolinevehicles.(这些交通工具不仅行驶安静平稳，而且与传统汽油车相比排放的污染物更少。)”可知，电动汽车租赁被视为环保方式的原因是其排放的污染物更少。故选D项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据Eco-FriendlyCruiseShips部分中的“Theseshipsareequippedwithadvancedwastemanagementandenergy-savingtechnologies.Theyusecleanenergysourceslikesolarandwindpowertoreducetheirfuelusage.(这些游轮配备了先进的废物处理和节能技术，它们使用太阳能和风能等清洁能源来减少燃料消耗。)”可知，环保游轮通过配备先进技术和使用清洁能源来保护环境。故选C项。BFlorenceNightingalewasbornin1820intoarichfamily.Fromherearlyyears,sheexhibitedanextraordinarytendencytowardsassistingothers.Inanerawhensocietyexpectedthatayoungwomanofherstatuswouldmarryintowealthandleadacomfortableandcarefreelife.Florencehadadistinctvision.Nursing,duringthatperiod,wasregardedasalowlyoccupation,yetshewasfirmlyconvincedthathertruecallinglayinservinghumanitythroughthisveryfield.WhentheCrimeanWarbrokeoutin1854,thenewsreachedFlorence.Florenceheardabouttheterriblesituationofthewoundedsoldiersanddecidedtotakeaction.Sheledateamofnursestothefront.Assoonastheygotthere,theymetmanyterriblechallenges,butFlorencewasnotafraid.Therewasaseriousshortageofmedicalsuppliesandbasicnecessitieswereofteninshortsupply.Thehygienic(卫生的)conditionswereextremelypoor,posingaseriousthreattotherecoveryofpatients.Someofficersweredeeplyinfluencedbytraditionalideasthatwomenhadnoabilitytocontributeinsuchabadenvironment.Florenceremaineddetermined.Sheworkeddayandnighttoattendtothesickandwoundedselflessly.Hereffortsachievedalotandthesurvivalrateofsoldierswassignificantlyimproved.Afterthewar,Florence’sworkwasfarfromfinished.Shewasdeterminedtorevolutionizethenursingprofession.Sheestablishedsomewell-knownnursingschools,whereshecouldpassonherknowledgeandvaluestofuturegenerations.Shealsowroteseveralinfluentialbooksonnursingpractices,whichbecameessentialresourcesinthefield.Herremarkableachievementsnotonlyenhancedthestatusofnursesbutalsohadafar-reachingandprofoundimpactonthehealthcare.FlorenceNightingalepassedawayin1910,buthermemoryas“theLadywiththeLamp”inspiredcountlessnursesandhealthcareworkerstofollowinhernoblefootsteps.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutFlorenceNightingale?A.Shemarriedintowealth.B.Shewasbornintoapoorfamily.C.Shewantedtoleadarelaxinglife.D.Shedesiredtoservehumanityasanurse.5.HowdidFlorenceNightingalefacethechallengesduringtheCrimeanWar?A.Withherstrongdetermination.B.Withthehelpofsomeofficers.C.Withthesupportfromherfamily.D.Withthehelpofsoldiersinwar.6.WhatwasFlorence’smaincontributionaftertheCrimeanWar?A.Shebecameafamouswarhero.B.Shewasdevotedtonursinginnovation.C.Shewasinvitedtogivelectures.D.Shewasengagedinmedicalresearch.7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Nightingale’seducation.B.Nightingale’sfamily.C.Nightingale’sachievements.D.Nightingale’sbooks.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.C【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述南丁格尔冲破世俗偏见投身护理事业，在克里米亚战争中救死扶伤，战后革新护理行业的传奇一生。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Nursing,duringthatperiod,wasregardedasalowlyoccupation,yetshewasfirmlyconvincedthathertruecallinglayinservinghumanitythroughthisveryfield.(在那个时期，护理被视为一份卑微的职业，但她坚信自己真正的使命是通过这个领域为人类服务。)”可知，南丁格尔希望以护士的身份为人类服务，这与选项D表述一致。故选D项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Someofficersweredeeplyinfluencedbytraditionalideasthatwomenhadnoabilitytocontributeinsuchabadenvironment.Florenceremaineddetermined.Sheworkeddayandnighttoattendtothesickandwoundedselflessly.(一些军官深受传统观念影响，认为女性在如此恶劣的环境中无法做出贡献。南丁格尔依旧意志坚定，她夜以继日地无私照料伤病员。)”可知，面对克里米亚战争中的重重挑战，南丁格尔凭借坚定的意志应对。故选A项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Afterthewar,Florence’sworkwasfarfromfinished.Shewasdeterminedtorevolutionizethenursingprofession.Sheestablishedsomewell-knownnursingschools,whereshecouldpassonherknowledgeandvaluestofuturegenerations.Shealsowroteseveralinfluentialbooksonnursingpractices,whichbecameessentialresourcesinthefield.(战争结束后，南丁格尔的事业远未止步。她决心彻底改革护理行业，创办了多所知名的护理学校，将自己的知识与理念传承给后人。她还撰写了数本极具影响力的护理实操专著，这些著作也成为了该领域的必备参考资料。)”可知，战后她的主要贡献是致力于护理行业的革新。故选B项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中的“Herremarkableachievementsnotonlyenhancedthestatusofnursesbutalsohadafar-reachingandprofoundimpactonthehealthcare.(她的卓越成就不仅提升了护士的社会地位，更对医疗保健领域产生了深远且重大的影响。)”可知，文章围绕南丁格尔在护理领域的诸多成就展开，概括了她的一生贡献。故选C项。CPicturethis:youareinapositionwhereyourphonerunsoutofbattery,butyoudon’thaveanywheretochargeit.Well,whatiftheclothingyouwerewearingcouldhelpyouout?It’sanoptionthatisn’tasstrangeasyoumightthink.Nowthelatestfashionbreakthroughistaking“activewear”inanentirelynewdirection:researchersatNottinghamTrentUniversityhavedevelopedanewfabricthatcankeepsmalldevicesjuiced.Theprototype(样品)includes1,200tinysolarpanels,eachmeasuringjust5by1.5millimeters.Itcangenerate400milliwatts(毫瓦特)ofelectricalenergy,enoughtochargeelectronicdevices.“Untilnowveryfewpeoplehaveconsideredtheirclothingproductscouldbeusedforchargingelectronicdevices,”explainsTheodoreHughes-Riley,anassociateprofessorofElectronicTextiles.“Thematerialwhichwehavedevelopedappearsandbehavesthesameasanyordinaryfabric,asitcanbewashedinamachine.Besides,becausethetinysolarcellsaremadeupofsilicon,wearersaren’tabletoevennoticeadiscrepancyinthefabric’scompositionwhenitiscomparedtostandardclothing.”Potentialproductsincludeitemslikeouterwear,backpacksandothercarryingbagsusingthematerial,allofwhichcouldallowwearerstokeeptheirdeviceschargedduringtheday.“Electronicfabricsreallyhavethepotentialtochangepeople’srelationshipwithtechnology,asthisprototypeshowshowwecoulddoawaywithchargingmanydevicesonthewall,”addsTheodore.Solarpowerinnovationsarekeytotransitioning(转变)humansocietyfromfossilfueltechnologies,andarecomingintoavarietyoffields.TheEuropeanSpaceAgency,forexample,planstoexperimentwithsolarpanelsystemsorbitingaboveEarth.Sincetherearenoreal“days”or“nights”inspace,potentialsolarpowergenerationcouldbeasmuchas8or9timesgreaterthanwhat’scurrentlyachievablehereonEarth’ssurface.Aspowerfulasthatmayonedaybeforus,it’sencouragingtoknowevenchangeslikethecompositionofourclothingcanhelpfacilitatethenecessaryrenewableenergyshiftforourspecies.8.Whatmakesthenewfabricspecial?A.Itcanproduceelectricityfromsunlight.B.Itcanchangecolorinthesun.C.Itismuchsofterthanstandardclothing.D.Itcanadjustbodytemperature.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discrepancy”inparagraph3mean?A.Progress. B.Distinction.C.Similarity. D.Mismatch.10.HowdoestheinnovationimpactourrelationshipwithtechnologyaccordingtoTheodore?A.Bymakingelectronicdevicescheaperandcheaper.B.Byincreasingourdependenceonelectronicdevices.C.Bymakingusmoreawareofourenergyconsumption.D.Byreducingthedemandforfixedchargingequipment.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Solarenergywillsoonreplacefossilfuels.B.SolarpowerismoreusefulinspacethanonEarth.C.Smallchangescancontributetoarenewableenergyfuture.D.Spaceexplorationisnecessaryforadvancingsolartechnology.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.C【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍诺丁汉特伦特大学研发的新型太阳能面料，可给小型设备充电，兼具普通面料特性，助力可再生能源转型。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theprototype(样品)includes1,200tinysolarpanels,eachmeasuringjust5by1.5millimeters.Itcangenerate400milliwatts(毫瓦特)ofelectricalenergy,enoughtochargeelectronicdevices.(该样品包含1200块微型太阳能电池板，每块尺寸仅为5毫米乘1.5毫米。它可以产生400毫瓦的电能，足以给电子设备充电。)”可知，这种新型面料的特别之处在于能利用阳光发电。故选A项。【9题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Thematerialwhichwehavedevelopedappearsandbehavesthesameasanyordinaryfabric,asitcanbewashedinamachine.Besides,becausethetinysolarcellsaremadeupofsilicon,wearersaren’tabletoevennoticeadiscrepancyinthefabric’scompositionwhenitiscomparedtostandardclothing.(我们研发的这种材料外观和性能都与普通面料无异，还可以机洗。此外，由于这些微型太阳能电池由硅制成，与标准服装相比，穿着者甚至察觉不到面料成分的discrepancy。)”可知，这种面料和普通面料差别极小，穿着者无法察觉，因此“discrepancy”的意思是“差异、区别”。故选B项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的““Electronicfabricsreallyhavethepotentialtochangepeople’srelationshipwithtechnology,asthisprototypeshowshowwecoulddoawaywithchargingmanydevicesonthewall,”addsTheodore.(“正如这款原型所展示的，我们有望不再需要给许多设备插墙充电，电子织物确实拥有改变人类与科技之间关系的潜力。”西奥多补充道。)”可知，西奥多认为这项创新能减少人们对固定充电设备的需求。故选D项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Aspowerfulasthatmayonedaybeforus,it’sencouragingtoknowevenchangeslikethecompositionofourclothingcanhelpfacilitatethenecessaryrenewableenergyshiftforourspecies.(尽管未来这可能会给我们带来巨大助力，但令人鼓舞的是，我们知道即使是像服装成分这样的微小变化，也能帮助推动人类社会必要的可再生能源转型。)”可知，微小的改变也能为可再生能源的未来做出贡献。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoeatliketheSpanishOneofthebestthingsaboutvisitingSpainisthefoodieculture.ThefreshMediterraneaningredientsmakedisheslikepaellasogoodthatthey’recopiedaroundtheworld.And,whilefoodistakenseriously,theattitudetoactuallyeatingissolaid-back.____12____.●DoublebreakfastHavingnotone,buttwobreakfastsisquitecommonacrossmanypartsofSpain.____13____.Andmaketimemid-morningforamoresubstantialbreakfast,perhapsinvolvingtoastedbreadwithtomatoesandoliveoil.●____14____Lunch,whichstartsat2pm,isthebiggestmealofthedayandcanconsistofseveralcourses.Thisiswhenyou’llhavethebestopportunitytoenjoysomeoftheclassicSpanishdishes,likerice-basedseafoodpaella,lentilsoupsandheartymeatstews.●AfternoonsnackMid-afternoonisthebestsnackingtimeinSpainandtheperfectexcusetotrythatgreatcaféyouspottedtheotherday.____15____.Coffeeisabigpartoftheafternoonsnackbutisalsoenjoyedatbreakfastandattheendoflargermeals,servedafterdessert.●Preparetoeatlate____16____.Localswillsitdownfortheireveningmealaround9:30pm.Thisisoftenalightermeal,soyoumightseesalads,potatoomelets,friedpotatoesorcuredmeatsonthemenu.Manyrestaurantswillopentheirdoorsearlierfortourists,butmakingsurethatyoueatlateatleastoncewillallowyoutofullyexperienceeatingliketheSpanish.A.FillupatlunchB.EnjoyspecialdishesC.PeoplewilloftenstayattheirrestauranttablesforhoursD.Here’saguidetoeatingyourwaythroughthedayliketheSpanishE.DinnerinSpaintakesplacelaterthaninanyothercountryinEuropeF.StartwithacoffeeandsomethingsmalllikeacakewhenyoufirstgetupG.Often,somekindofcakeorfruittartisenjoyedwithcoffeeandeatenwithfriends【答案】12.D13.F14.A15.G16.E【语篇导读】本文为一篇说明文。文章通过总分结构介绍了西班牙独特的日常饮食文化，依次描述了其“双早餐”、“丰盛午餐”、“午后小吃”及“晚餐时间晚”四大特点，旨在为读者提供一份体验西班牙式饮食的指南。【12题详析】该空位于第一段末尾，需承上启下。前文“OneofthebestthingsaboutvisitingSpainisthefoodieculture.ThefreshMediterraneaningredientsmakedisheslikepaellasogoodthatthey’recopiedaroundtheworld.And,whilefoodistakenseriously,theattitudetoactuallyeatingissolaid-back.(游览西班牙最棒的体验之一便是其地道的美食文化。新鲜的地中海食材使得像海鲜饭这样的菜肴美味无比，甚至风靡全球。尽管他们对食物本身十分讲究，但实际的用餐态度却格外慵懒随意。)

”总体赞扬了西班牙的美食文化和悠闲的用餐态度，后文则开始按时间顺序详细介绍一日饮食的具体安排。D项“这是一份像西班牙人一样度过一天饮食的指南”既能总结前文引入的主题，又能自然引出下文分时间段的详细介绍，起到总领全文的作用。故选D。【13题详析】该空位于“双早餐”部分。后句提到“Andmaketimemid-morningforamoresubstantialbreakfast,perhapsinvolvingtoastedbreadwithtomatoesandoliveoil.(并在上午中段留出时间享用一顿更丰盛的早餐，比如来一份淋上番茄和橄榄油的烤面包。)”，可见前句应描述第一顿早餐。F项“起床后先喝点咖啡，吃点像蛋糕这样的小东西”准确地描述了西班牙常见的简便晨间早餐，与后文的“更丰盛的早餐”构成了“双早餐”的完整描述，逻辑连贯。故选F。【14题详析】该空是第三部分的小标题。该段“Lunch,whichstartsat2pm,isthebiggestmealofthedayandcanconsistofseveralcourses.Thisiswhenyou’llhavethebestopportunitytoenjoysomeoftheclassicSpanishdishes,likerice-basedseafoodpaella,lentilsoupsandheartymeatstews.(午餐在下午两点开始，这是一天中最丰盛的一餐，可能包含多道菜肴。此时您能品尝到最经典的西班牙美食，例如以米饭为底的海鲜饭、扁豆汤和丰盛的炖肉。)”主要内容是午餐在下午2点开始，是一天中最丰盛的一餐，包含多道菜肴。A项“午餐吃饱”简洁有力地概括了本段核心——午餐的丰盛及其作为主餐的地位。故选A。【15题详析】该空位于“Afternoonsnack(午后小吃)”部分。前句“Mid-afternoonisthebestsnackingtimeinSpainandtheperfectexcusetotrythatgreatcaféyouspottedtheotherday.(在西班牙，午后三点左右是最佳的休闲小吃时光，也是你去那家早就留意到的绝妙咖啡馆坐坐的绝佳理由。)”提到午后是吃小吃的最佳时间，后句“Coffeeisabigpartoftheafternoonsnackbutisalsoenjoyedatbreakfastandattheendoflargermeals,servedafterdessert.(咖啡是午后小吃的重要组成部分，也同样常见于早餐时段，或是在享用大餐、甜点之后饮用。)”则强调咖啡是午后小吃的重要部分。G项“通常，人们会与朋友一起享用某种蛋糕或水果馅饼，并搭配咖啡”具体描述了午后小吃的典型内容（蛋糕/馅饼）和社交属性，完美嵌入上下文，补充了“吃什么”的细节。故选G。【16题详析】该空位于“Preparetoeatlate(准备晚吃)”部分的开头。后文“Localswillsitdownfortheireveningmealaround9:30pm.Thisisoftenalightermeal,soyoumightseesalads,potatoomelets,friedpotatoesorcuredmeatsonthemenu.Manyrestaurantswillopentheirdoorsearlierfortourists,butmakingsurethatyoueatlateatleastoncewillallowyoutofullyexperienceeatingliketheSpanish.(当地人通常在晚上9点半左右才坐下来用晚餐。这顿饭通常较为清淡，所以你可能会在菜单上看到沙拉、土豆煎蛋卷、炸土豆或腌肉等菜肴。许多餐馆会为游客提前开放，但确保至少体验一次晚用餐，才能让你完整感受像西班牙人一样用餐的滋味。)”详细说明当地人约晚上9:30才用晚餐，并描述了晚餐的食物。E项“西班牙的晚餐时间比欧洲任何其他国家都晚”直接点明了本段主旨，即西班牙晚餐时间之晚是一个突出特点，能够有效引出后文的详细解释。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。PatrickMariakis’anofficer,gotacalltorescueadogfromafrozenlake.That’sexactlywhathappenedonMonday.Whenhearrivedonthe____17____,heattemptedtocarefullywalkonthefrozenground.Unluckily,heonlywalkedabout10feetbeforetheice____18____.Luckily,thepeoplewhocalledthepoliceaboutthedogwereableto____19____byprovidingtheofficerwiththeirboat.Together,theyfixeditwithropetohiscar.Thisway,theycouldpullboththeofficerandthedogbacktothe____20____.Patrickslowlybut____21____madehiswaytothedognamedHoney.Butwhenhereachedher,ittooksometimetogetherto____22____astranger.Luckily,thetwoofthembecame____23____friendsafterafewinteractions.Bestofall,they____24____itbacktoshore.Here,the____25____peoplegreetedHoneywithtowelsandtreatsuntiltheywereableto____26____theownerwithherdog.ItturnedoutthatHoneywasrecently____27____.Shehadonlybeeninhernewhomeforafewdayswhenshe____28____toescapefromthenewhouse.Needlesstosay,herownerwas____29____tohaveherback.AsforpeoplecallingPatricka____30____,hebelieveshisco-workerswouldhavedonethesamething.“Weneverhesitateto____31____onthespot,‘Ah,it’snotworthit.’We’17.A.field B.station C.stage D.spot18.A.formed B.cracked C.floated D.froze19.A.help B.insist C.judge D.swim20.A.city B.lake C.land D.home21.A.simply B.surely C.barely D.aimlessly22.A.trust B.recognize C.remember D.refuse23.A.secret B.false C.old D.fast24.A.switched B.returned C.made D.shipped25.A.helpful B.particular C.clever D.polite26.A.reunite B.hunt C.play D.part27.A.rescued B.trained C.located D.adopted28.A.continued B.managed C.pretended D.failed29.A.proud B.grateful C.afraid D.unwilling30.A.liar B.loser C.pioneer D.hero31.A.actout B.hangout C.showup D.showoff【答案】17.D18.B19.A20.C21.B22.A23.D24.C25.A26.A27.D28.B29.B30.D31.C【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名警官PatrickMariakis在接到报警后，冒险踏上结冰的湖面，并在民众协助下成功救出一只名为Honey的小狗的故事。文章还补充了小狗刚被收养的背景以及狗主人失而复得的感激之情，并体现了警官谦逊尽责的职业精神。【17题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他到达现场时，他试图小心地在冰面上行走。A.field田野；B.station车站；C.stage舞台；D.spot地点，现场。根据前文“gotacalltorescueadogfromafrozenlake(接到从冰湖救狗的电话)”可知，他是到达了事发“现场”。故选D。【18题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，他只走了大约10英尺，冰就破裂了。A.formed形成；B.cracked破裂；C.floated漂浮；D.froze冻结。根据下文“theycouldpullboththeofficerandthedogback”可知，他试图在冰上走但失败了，冰面无法承重而“破裂”最符合逻辑。故选B。【19题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，那些因狗而报警的人能够通过向警官提供他们的船来提供帮助。A.help帮助；B.insist坚持；C.judge判断；D.swim游泳。由上文“thepeoplewhocalledthepolice”可知，报警人提供了船，这是一种“帮助”救援的方式。故选A。【20题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样，他们就能把警官和狗都拉回岸上。A.city城市；B.lake湖；C.land陆地，岸上；D.home家。根据上文“Thisway,theycouldpullboththeofficerandthedogbacktothe”可知，救援是从湖中央（冰面）回到安全的“岸上”。故选C。【21题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Patrick缓慢但坚定地走向那只名叫Honey的狗。A.simply简单地；B.surely确定地，稳步地；C.barely几乎不；D.aimlessly漫无目的地。根据下文“madehiswaytothedognamedHoney”和语境可知，缓慢但稳健地走向那只狗，形容他虽慢但目标明确、坚定地前进。故选B。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当他接近它时，花了些时间才让它信任一个陌生人。A.trust信任；B.recognize认出；C.remember记住；D.refuse拒绝。根据后文“Luckily,thetwoofthembecamefastfriends...(幸运的是，他们很快成了朋友)”可知，起初小狗对陌生人（警官）需要建立“信任”。故选A。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，经过几次互动后，他们俩很快成了十分要好的朋友。A.secret秘密的；B.false虚假的；C.old老的；D.fast迅速的。根据前文“ittooksometimetogethertotrustastranger”以及“Luckily”可知，小狗和帕特里克经过互动后“快速”成为了朋友。故选D。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最棒的是，他们成功回到了岸边。A.switched切换；B.returned返回；C.made做，达成（“makeit”为固定短语，意为“成功做到”）；D.shipped运送。根据下文此处指他们“成功”返回岸边。“madeitbacktoshore”是常见表达。故选C。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这里，热心的人们用毛巾和零食迎接Honey，直到他们能让它和主人重聚。A.helpful乐于助人的；B.particular特别的；C.clever聪明的；D.polite礼貌的。根据下文“peoplegreetedHoneywithtowelsandtreatsuntiltheywereableto______theownerwithherdog.”这些人提供船、用毛巾和零食照顾小狗的行为，可知他们是“热心助人的”。故选A。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这里，热心的人们用毛巾和零食迎接Honey，直到他们能让它和主人重聚。A.reunite使重聚；B.hunt狩猎；C.play玩耍；D.part分离。根据下文“theownerwithherdog”可知，救援的最终目的是让小狗和它的主人“重聚”。故选A。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：原来Honey最近被收养了。A.rescued救援；B.trained训练；C.located定位；D.adopted收养。根据后文“Shehadonlybeeninhernewhomeforafewdays...”可知，她是刚“被收养”。故选D。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她只在新家待了几天，就设法从新房子里逃了出来。A.continued继续；B.managed设法做到（“managedtodo”）；C.pretended假装；D.failed失败。根据下文“tohaveherback”可知，小狗成功逃脱了，因此是“设法”逃了出来。故选B。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不用说，她的主人很感激能找回她。A.proud骄傲的；B.grateful感激的；C.afraid害怕的；D.unwilling不情愿的。根据前文霍尼逃出新家后遇险，最终被成功营救并送回主人身边的情节可知，主人的心情是“感激的”。故选B。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于人们称Patrick为英雄，他认为他的同事们也会做同样的事。A.liar说谎者；B.loser失败者；C.pioneer先锋；D.hero英雄。根据他冒险救狗的行为，人们称赞他为“英雄”是合理的。故选D。【31题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他说：“我们绝不会犹豫不绝是否要出现在现场，认为‘啊，这不值得’的样子。反而我们会尽最大努力。”A.actout表演出来，表现出来；B.hangout闲逛；C.showup出现；D.showoff炫耀。根据下文的“onthespot”可知，出现在现场。故选C。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Intheearly19thcentury,agroupofChineseteafarmersjourneyedtoBrazil,carryingteaseedswiththeaimofcultivatingteaandsharingtheirfarmingskills.They____32____(choose)aspotwithinthecurrentRiodeJaneiroBotanicalGardenastheirplantingsite.TheireffortssoonbecameasymbolofthedeepfriendshipbetweenChinaandBrazil,____33____(deep)rootedinBraziliansoil.Today,RiodeJaneirohonorstheseimmigrantsthrough____34____(vary)monuments.Oneofthemostrepresentative____35____(example)istheVistaChinesainTijucaNationalPark,aChinese-styletower____36____(build)intheearly1900s.OnAugust15,2018,aplaque(匾牌)wasdisplayedintheRioBotanicalGardeninmemoryof____37____200thanniversaryofChineseimmigration.Theplaquereads:“In1812,thefirstChineseimmigrantstoBrazilplantedteatreeshere,____38____(mark)alastingproofofthefriendshipbetweenChinaandBrazil.”ThiseventwaspartofthecelebrationsforBrazil’sfirstChineseImmigrationDay,____39____alsomarkedtheanniversaryoftheestablishmentofdiplomatictiesin1974.In2022,thecityestablishedSeptember28,widelyknown____40____Confucius’birthday,tohonorthegrowingculturalexchangesbetweenthetwocountries.Additionally,theSpringFestival____41____(recognize)asanofficialholidayinRiodeJaneiroState.【答案】32.chose33.deeply34.various35.examples36.built37.the38.marking39.which40.as41.isrecognized【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍19世纪初中国茶农赴巴西种茶的历史，及中巴两国以此为基础的文化交流与友谊传承。【32题详析】考查动词时态。句意：他们选择了如今里约热内卢植物园内的一块地方作为种植地。根据时间状语Intheearly19thcentury可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，choose的过去式为chose。故填chose。【33题详析】考查副词。句意：他们的努力很快成为中巴深厚友谊的象征，深深扎根于巴西的土地。此处修饰过去分词rooted，用deep的副词形式deeply，意为“深深地”。故填deeply。【34题详析】考查形容词。句意：如今，里约热内卢通过各种各样的纪念碑来纪念这些移民。此处修饰名词monuments，用vary的形容词形式various，意为“各种各样的”。故填various。【35题详析】考查名词复数。句意：最具代表性的例子之一是蒂茹卡国家公园的中国观景台，这是一座建于20世纪初的中式塔楼。此处为固定结构“oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”，example为可数名词，所以用examples。故填examples。【36题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：最具代表性的例子之一是蒂茹卡国家公园的中国观景台，这是一座建于20世纪初的中式塔楼。此处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰aChinese-styletower，tower与build为被动关系，用过去分词built。故填built。【37题详析】考查冠词。句意：2018年8月15日，里约植物园内竖起一块牌匾，纪念华人移民巴西200周年。此处后接序数词200th，用定冠词the，表特指“第200个周年纪念日”。故填the。【38题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：牌匾上写着：“1812年，首批华人移民在巴西种下茶树，成为中巴友谊的永恒见证。”此处为非谓语动词作结果状语，前面整件事与mark为主动关系，用现在分词marking。故填marking。【39题详析】考查定语从句。句意：此次活动是巴西首个“华人移民日”庆祝活动的一部分，同时也纪念了1974年中巴两国建交这一历史时刻。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为thisevent，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。【40题详析】考查介词。句意：2022年，这座城市将孔子诞辰日列为纪念日，以彰显两国日益密切的文化交流。此处为固定搭配regard...as...的被动形式，意为“把……看作/列为”，用介词as。故填as。【41题详析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：此外，春节被列为里约热内卢州的法定节假日。此处描述客观事实，theSpringFestival与recognize为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为isrecognized。故填isrecognized。第三节单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)根据汉语，结合语境拼写出单词的正确形式，每空一词。42.__________(失败)isthemotherofsuccess.【答案】Failure【解析】考查名词。名词failure(失败)，这是一个抽象名词，做主语的时候谓语动词用单数形式。句意：失败是成功之母。故填Failure。43.Hetranslatedthisarticle________(按照字面意思).(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】literally【解析】考查副词。句意：他按照字面意思翻译了这篇文章。设空处修饰动词translated，需要用副词形式。根据汉语提示，表示“按照字面意思”用literally。故填literally。44.Manygreentrees________(包围，环绕)ourschool.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】surround【解析】考查动词。句意：许多绿树环绕着我们的学校。根据汉语提示“包围，环绕”可知，此处为动词surround，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Manygreentrees为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填surround。45.Thismachineisthe________(祖先)ofthemoderncomputer.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】ancestor【解析】考查名词。句意：这台机器是现代计算机的祖先。根据汉语提示可知，表示“祖先”应填名词ancestor，作表语，此处为特指“现代计算机的祖先”应用单数形式。故填ancestor。46.Mymother’svoiceonthephonewasvery________(温和的，温柔的).(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】gentle【解析】考查形容词。句意：电话里我妈妈的声音非常温柔。根据汉语提示“温和的，温柔的”可知，此处为形容词gentle，在句中作表语，用来描述主语voice的特征。故填gentle。47.I________(罕有地，少有地)eatfastfoodbecauseIpreferhealthymeals.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】rarely【解析】考查副词。句意：我很少吃快餐，因为我更偏爱健康的饮食。“罕有地，少有地”为副词rarely作状语，修饰动词eat。故填rarely。48.Wearegoingtoholdameetingto________(选举，推选)anewleader.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】elect【解析】考查动词。句意：我们将召开会议，选举新任领导。“选举，推选”为动词elect，由不定式符号to可知，应用动词原形。故填elect。49.Typhoonisanatural________(灾祸，灾难)thatcancausesignificantdamages.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】disaster【解析】考查名词。句意：台风是一种自然灾害，可能会造成严重的破坏。根据汉语提示可知用名词disaster，作表语，空前有不定冠词a，所以此处为名词单数。故填disaster。50.Thepaintingisan________(抽象的)onebecauseitdoesn’thaveaspecificimage.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】abstract【解析】考查形容词。句意：这幅画是一幅抽象画，因为它没有具体的形象。设空处需填入一个形容词来修饰名词painting，根据汉语提示“抽象的”可知应填abstract。故填abstract。51.WhenMrZhangtaught,hewould________(分配，分派)atopictousthatwewouldwriteabout.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】assign【解析】考查动词。句意：张老师教书的时候，会给我们分配一个话题让我们写作。根据汉语提示“分配，分派”可知，此处为动词assign，情态动词would后接动词原形。故填assign。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)52.假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter想了解你的校园生活，请给你给他写一封邮件，分享你最近参加的一次校园劳动。内容包括：1.劳动过程;2.劳动感受。注意：词数80左右。DearPeter,Iamwritingtosharearecentschoollabourwithyou.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearPeter,Iamwritingtosharearecentschoollabourwithyou.LastFriday,ourschoolorganizedustogotolibrarytodoathoroughcleaning.Asplanned,wefirstputpilesofbooksinorder.Subsequently,wedustedthedesksandchairs.Finally,worn-outthoughwewere,weengagedourselvesinthemostchallengingjob—moppingthefloor.Aftertwohoursoftidying,weallgotasenseofpleasurewhenwesawatidyandcl