考研英语模拟试卷184

考研英语模拟试卷184

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Thehorseandcarriageisathingofthepast,butloveandthemarriagearcstillwithus

andstillcloselyinterrelated.MostAmericanmaniages,particularlyfirstmarriages

(1)youngcouples,aretheresultof(2)attractionandaffection(3)than

practicalconsiderations.IntheUnitedStates,parentsdonotarrangemarriagesfortheir

children.Teenagersbegin(4)inhighschoolandusuallyfindmatesthroughtheir

ownacademicandsocial(5).Thoughyoungpeoplefeel(6)tochoosetheir

friendsfrom(7)groups,mostchooseamateofsimilarbackground.Thisis

(8)inparttoparentalguidance.Parentscannotselectspousesfortheirchildren,but

theycanusually(9)choicesby(10)disapprovalofsomeonetheyconsider

unsuitable.(11),marriagesbetweenmembersofdifferentgroups(interclass,

interfaith,andinterracialmarriages)areincreasing,probablybecauseofthegreater

(12)oftoday'syouthandthefactthattheyarerestrictedby(13)prejudices

thantheirparents.Manyyoungpeopleleavetheirhometownstoattendcollege,

(14)inthearmedforces(15)pursueacareerinabiggercity.Onceaway

fromhomeandfamily,theyaremore(16)todateandmarryoutsidetheirown

socialgroup.InmobileAmericansociety,intcrclassmarriagesarcneither(17)nor

shocking.Interfaithmarriagesare(18)theriseparticularlybetweenProtestantsand

Catholics.Ontheotherhand,interracialmarriageissti'lveryuncommon.Itcanbe

difficultforinterracialcouplestofindaplacetolive,maintainfriendships,and

(19)afamily.Marriagesbetweenpeopleofdifferentnational(20)(butthe

sameraceandreligion)havebeencommonplacesincecolonialtimes.

1、Thehorseandcarriageisathingofthepast,butloveandthemarriagearestillwith

usandstillcloselyinterrelated.MostAmericanmarriages,particularlyfirstmarriages

(1)youngcouples,aretheresultof(2)attractionandaffection(3)than

practicalconsiderations.IntheUnitedStates,parentsdonotarrangemarriagesfortheir

children.Teenagersbegin(4)inhighschoolandusuallyfindmatesthroughtheir

ownacademicandsocial(5).Thoughyoungpeoplefeel(6)tochoosetheir

friendsfrom(7)groups,mostchooseamateofsimilarbackground.Thisis

(8)inparttoparentalguidance.Parentscannotselectspousesfortheirchildren,but

theycanusually(9)choicesby(10)disapprovalofsomeonetheyconsider

unsuitable.(11),marriagesbetweenmembersofdifferentgroups(interclass,

interfaith,andinterracialmarriages)areincreasing,probablybecauseofthegreater

(12)oftoday'syouthandthefactthattheyarerestrictedby(13)prejudices

thantheirparents.Manyyoungpeopleleavetheirhometownstoattendcollege,

(14)inthearmedforces(15)pursueacareerinabiggercity.Onceaway

fromhomeandfamily,theyaremore(16)todateandmarryoutsidetheirown

socialgroup.InmobileAmericansociety,interclassmarriagesareneither(17)nor

shocking.Interfaithmarriagesarc(18)theriseparticularlybetweenProtestantsand

Catholics.Ontheotherhand,interracialmarriageisstillveryuncommon.Itcanbe

difficultforinterracialcoaplcstofindaplacetolive,maintainfriendships,and

(19)afamily.Marriagesbetweenpeopleofdifferentnational(20)(butthe

sameraceandreligion)havebeencommonplacesincecolonialtimes.

A、linking

B>involving

C、connecting

D、correlating

标准答案：C

知识点解析：虽然此题中给出的四个选项都含有"连接，联系”的意思，但

connecting具有“血亲，婚姻方面联系”的意思，因此为最佳选项。

2、

A^personal

B、emotional

C、mutual

D、magnetic

标准答案：C

知识点解析：mulual意为"(两者之间)相互的"，mulualallraclion这里指"夫妻双方相

互的吸引”。personal意为”个人的，亲身的"。emotional意为“感情上的”，因为后面

已有一个affection(感情)，所以此项不可选。magnetic意为"磁力的"。故mutual最

合逻辑。

3、

A^more

B、less

C^rather

D^other

标准答案：C

知识点解析：ratherthan意为”是…,而不是…”，在此句中表示”是由于相互之间的

感情和吸引，而不是一些更实际的考虑、

4、

A^dating

B、appointment

C、engagement

D^matching

标准答案；A

知识点解析：dale意为”与人约会，相约”，在这里作动词。begindoingslh.意为”开

始做…"，begindating意为"美国青年在高中时就开始约会”。

5、

A、position

B>association

C^contacts

D^contract

标准答案：C

知识点解析：contact是contact的复数形式，意为"交往，接触"；position意为"位

置,地位";association意为"协会,联合等"；contract意为"合同,合约”。本句意

为：美国青少年通过学习上的和社会上的交往来寻找伴侣，因此comacis最合逻

辑。

6、

A、certain

embarrassed

C、hesitated

D、free

标准答案：D

知识点解析：因本句意在表示年轻人能自由地选择自己的伴侣，所以D项free最

符合句意。certain意为啃定的,有把握的"；embarrassed意为"难堪的,困窘的”；

hesitated意为”犹豫的二注意句首有Though,表示"尽管，纵然”，通常引起意思转

折。

7、

A、similar

B、identical

C、differential

D^diverse

标准答案：D

知识点解析：diverse意为”多样的，各种的，不同的”,因为句意为:他们有自由从

各种不同的团体中选择池们的朋友.所以diverge正确csimilar意为"相似的”:

identical意为”完全一样的”；differential意为"有差别的”。本句完整意为：尽管美国

青少年有自由在各种各样的团体中去选择朋友，但大多数人仍然选择有着相似背景

的人作朋友。

8、

A、for

B、likely

C、due

D、because

标准答案：C

知识点解析：dueto意为”由于…”,本句意为：他们做出以上选择,部分上(inpart)

是因为他们父母的指导。

9、

A、influence

give

C、make

D、offer

标准答案：A

知识点解析：influence意为“影响”，根据文意，父母只能影响美国青少年选择朋友

的决定，而不能支配他们，替他们做决定，因此只有influence最符合文意。

10、

A、sounding

avoiding

C^expecting

D、voicing

标准答案：D

知识点解析•：voice在这里作动词，意为”表达，说出”，这句话表明父母如果觉得

子女选择的朋友不合适，就表示不同意。

II、

A、Moreover

B、However

C、Therefore.

D、Furthermore

标准答案：B

知识点解析：上面提到r美国青少年常选择有类似背景的人做朋友，但此句又说选

择不同背景的人做朋友，甚至结学的事例正在增多，因此这里有一个转折关系，所

以要选用however。moreover表水递进关系，therefore表示因果关系，furthermore

意为”不仅…，而且”。

12、

A、mobility

B、motive

C^moral

D、mission

标准答案:A

知识点解析：mobility意为“流动性”，此句意为：不同背景的人结婚正是由于当今

美国青年有了更大的流动性。motive意为“动机”;moral意为“道德上的”;mission

意为“使命”。

13、

A、less

B、rather

C^fewer

D、many

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据文章可知，美国青年在背景这方面比他们的父母有更少的偏见，

因此rather、many两项可排除，又因为prejudice一词在这里被作为U数名词用，

所以fewer为正确选择。

14、

A、work

serve

C、stay

D、remain

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据后面的inthearmedforces(在军队里)，可知这是指服兵役，因此

要用动词serve,其他各项均不能表达此意。

15、

A、but

B、otherwise

C、likewise

D、or

标准答案：D

知识点解析：作者在这里举出了有较大流动性的几个例子，各个例子之间应该是并

列关系，用“或者”相连接，因此此空应填入。r。

16、

A、probable

B、likely

C^reluctant

D、readily

标准答案：B

知识点解析：likely为副词，意为“可能地”，本句意为：一旦离开了家庭和家人，

他们就更有可能和来自不同社会群体的人约会和结婚。

17、

A、rare

scarce

C、seared

D、relieved

标准答案：A

知识点解析：rare意为"稀少的"，根据neither…nor...结构和shocking可判断出此句

意为：在流动性的美国社会，跨阶级的婚姻(interclassmarriages)既不是很少也不是

很多。

18、

A^in

B、at

C、on

D、for

标准答案：C

知识点解析：ontherise为固定搭配，表示”正在增加”，其他介词不能替代on。

19、

A、raise

B、obtain

C、crow

D、unite

标准答案：A

知识点解析：raise在这里作动词，意为“抚养：栽培：饲养“，raiseafamily意为”供

养一家人

20、

A、origin

B、source

C、resource

D^base

标准答案：A

知识点解析：origin在这里作名词,意为"出身；血统；起点”。peopleofdifferent

nationalorigin意为"来自不同国家的人"。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题1.0

分,共20分。）

Pricesaresky-high,withprofitstomatch.Butlookingfurtherahead,theindustryfaces

wrenchingchange,saysanexpertofenergy."Thetimewhenwecouldcountoncheapoil

andevencheapernaturalgasisclearlyending.1'Thatwasthegloomyforecastdelivered

inFebruarybyDaveO'Reilly,thechairmanofChevronTexaco,tohundredsofoilmen

gatheredforaconferenceinHouston.Thefollowingmonth,Venezuela'sPresidentHugo

Chavezgleefullyechoed:hesentiment:"Theworldshouldforgetaboutcheapoil."The

surgeinoilprices,from510abarrelin1998toabove$50inearly2005,hasprompted

talkofaneweraofsustainedhigherprices.Butwhenevera"newera1'inoilishailed,

skepticismisinorder.Af:erall,thisisessentiallyacyclicalbusinessinwhichprices

habituallyyo-yo.Evenso,anunusuallyloudchorusisnowjoiningMessrsO'Reillyand

Chavez,pointingtointriguingevidenceofanew"pricefloor"of$30orperhapseven

$40,Confusingly,though,therearealsosignsthathighoilpricesmaybecausedbya

speculativebubblethatcouldburstquitesuddenly.Tosecwhichcampisright,two

questionsneedanswering:whydidtheoilpricesoar?Andwhatcouldkeepithigh?To

makemattersmorecomplicated,thereisinfactnosuchthingasasingle"oilprice'*:

rather,therearedozensofvarietiesofcrudetradingatdifferentprices.Whennewspapers

writeaboutoilprices,theyusuallymeanoneoftworeferencecrudes:Brentfromthe

NorthSea,orWestTexasIntermediate(WTI).ButwhenministersfromtheOrganization

ofthePetroleumExportingCountries(OPEC)discussprices,theyusuallyrefertoa

basketofheaviercartelcrudes,whichtradeatadiscounttoWTIandBrent.Alloilprices

mentionedinthissurveyareperbarrelofWTITherecentvolatilityinpricesisonlyone

ofseveralchallengesfacingtheoilindustry.AlthoughatfirstsightBigOilseemstobein

rudehealth,postingrecordprofits,thissurveywillarguethatthewesternoilmajorswill

havetheirworkcutouttocopewiththeriseofresourcenationalism,whichthreatensto

chokeoffaccesstonewoilreserves.Thisisessentialtoreplacetheirexistingreserves,

whicharerapidlydeclining.Theywillalsohavetorespondtoeffortsbygovernmentsto

dealwithoil'sseriousenvironmentalandgeopoliticalside-effects.Together,these

challengescouldyetwipeouttheoilmajors.

21、DaveO'ReillyandHugoChavezbehavethat.

A、pricesofoilandnaturalgasareveryhigh

B、pricesofoilandnaturalgaswillnotgodown

C、oilandnaturalgaswillkeepsustainedhighprices

D^theworldhasforgottenaboutcheapoil

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题是简单推论题。根据第2段第1句"Thetimewhenwecouldcount

oncheapoilandevencheapernaturalgasisclearlyending”可得出此答案。counton依

靠，指望。选项A为事实情况；选项B太绝对，选项D不是believe的内容，所以

正确答案为C。

22^JudgingfromParagraph3,wemayinferthatoilpriceswill.

A、enterintoa"newera"

reachanew"pricefloor"

C^gettoanewhigh

D^behardtopredict

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是简单推论题。第3段提到，关于未来石油的价格，两个阵营

(camp)持不同观点，一些人认为价格会降到最低点(anew“Pricefloor")，另一些人

则认为油价有攀升的迹象。油价究竟是涨还是降，这很难说。因此选项D为正确

答案。

23、Accordingtothepassage"WestTexasIntermediate"(Para.4)refersto.

Asanoilindustry

anoilcompany

C、agovernmentorganization

D、akindofcrudeoil

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是词汇语义题。根据第4段第2句lw。referencecrudes：Brent

fromtheNorthSea,orWestTexasIntennediate(WTI),我们便不难判断，文中的

WTI是指一种原油。

24>Intheauthor'sopinion,thekeytooilpriceis.

A、energycrisis

B、dozensofvarietiesofcrudetrading

C、severalchallengesfacingthe'oilindustry

D、theriseofresourcenationalism

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是推论题。从文章的最后一段可得出此推论：...whichihrealens

tochokeoffaccesstonewoilreserves.Thisisessentialtoreplacetheir,existing

reserves,whicharerapidlydeclining.选项A过于笼统，而选项B、C则与问题不

相关。

25、Whatisthetoneofthepassage?

A^Humorous.

B、Indifferent.

C、Serious.

D^Anxious.

标准答案：c

知识点0析：本题是作者观点题。从全文的整个内容看，作者的语气是严肃的。

Humorous幽默的；Indifferent漠不关心的；Anxious忧虑的。这几个都不妥帖。

EveryspringmigratingsalmonreturntoBritishColumbia'sriverstospawn.Andevery

springnewreportsdetailfreshdisastersthatbefallthem.Thisyearisnodifferent;The

fisheriescommitteeofCanada'sHouseofCommonsandaformerchiefjusticeofBritish

Columbia,BryanWilliams,havejustexaminedseparatelywhy1.3msockeyesalmon

mysteriously"disappeared"fromthefamedPraserriverfisheryin2004.Their

conclusionspointtoapoliticallyexplosiveconflictbetweenthesurvivalofsalmonand

therightsofFirstNations,asCanadianscallIndians.In2004,onlyabout524,000salmon

arcthoughttohavereturnedtothespawninggrounds,barelymorethanaquarterthe

numberwhomadeitfouryearsearlier.Highwatertemperaturesmayhavekilledmany.

TheHouseofCommonsalsolambastedthefederalDepartmentofFisheriesandOceans

(DFO)forpoorscientificdata,andfbrfailingtoenforcecatchlevels.Foursimilarreports

since1992havecalledforthedepartment'sreform.Invain:itsseniorofficialsare"in

denial"aboutitsfailings,saidthecommittee.Mr.Williams'reportaddedamore

shockingtwist.HeconcludedthatillegalfishingontheFraserriveris"rampantandout

ofcontrol',,with"no-go"zoneswherefisheriesofficersare'toldnottoconfrontIndian

poachersforfearofviolence.ThejudgecomplainedthattheDFOwithheldareportby

oneofitsinvestigatorswhichdetailedextensivepoachingandsaleofsalmonby

membersoftheCheamFirstNation,someofwhomwerearmed.SomeFirstNations

claimanunrestrictedrighttofishandselltheircatch.Canada'sconstitution

acknowledgestheaboriginalrighttofishfbrfoodandforsocialandceremonialneeds,

butnotageneralcommercialright.OntheFraser,however,theDFOhasgrantedIndians

aspecialcommercialfishery.TosomeIndians,eventhatisnotenough.Bothreports

calledfbrmorefundsfortheDFO,toimprovedatacollectionandenforcement.They

alsorecommendedreturningtoasinglelegalregimeforcommercialfishingapplyingto

allCanadians.OnAprilI4lh,GeoffRegan,thefederalfisheriesminister,respondedto

twopreviousreportsfromayearago.One,fromaFirstNationsgroup,suggestedgiving

nativesarisingshareofthecatch.Theotherproposedanewquotasystemforfishing

licenses,andtheconclusionoflong-standingtalksontreaties,includingfishingrights,

withFirstNations.Mr.Regansaidhisdepartmentwouldspendthisyearconsulting

"stakeholders"(natives,commercialandsportfishermen).Itwillalsolaunchpilot

projectsaimedatimprovingconservation,enforcementandFirstNations'accessto

fisheries.

26、The"explosiveconflict"inParagraph1refersto.

A、salmon'sreturntospawnanditssurvival

B、thefisheriescommitteeofCanada'sHouseofCommonsandBryanWilliams

C、thestrugglebetweensockeyesalmonandhumanbeings

D、thecollisionbetweensalmon'sSun-ivalandhumanfishery

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是语义题。参见第1段最后•句：Theirconclusionspointtoa

politicallyexplosiveconflictbetweenthesurvivalofsalmonandtherightsofFirst

Nations,asCanadianscallIndians.由此可见，此处的”爆发性的冲突”指的是鞋鱼

的生存与人类的捕鱼之间的冲突。

27、ThenumberofsalmoneveryspringinBritishColumbia'sriversfouryearsearlier

A、1.3million

B、about524,000

C、about1,824,000

D、above2,000,000

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是简单推论题。第2段谈到，2004年只有大约524000条鲜鱼回

来产卵,仅为四年前的四分之一。1.3million是2004年失踪的数量；524,000是

2004年的总数，四年前的的总量应为524,000的四倍，即200万以上。

28、WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforthedecreaseofsalmonaccordingto

MrWilliams?

A、Highwatertemperatures.

B、Shockingtwist.

C、Illegalfishing.

D、Officials'failings.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是判断题。根据文章的2、3段可知，Highwatertemperatures

温高、Illegalfishing非法捕鱼、Officialsfailings官员执法不力，这些都是蛙鱼数量

减少的原因。

29、GeoffRegan,thefederalfisheriesministerismostprobablygoingto.

A、respondingtotwopreviousreports

B、proposinganewquotasystemforfishinglicences

C、consultingnatives,commercialandsportfishermen

D、keepingabalancebetweenconservation,enforcementandfisheries

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是推论题。参加原文最后一段的最后两句：Mr.Regansaidhis

departmentwouldspendthisyearconsulting"stakeholder"(natives,commercialand

sportfishermen).Itwillalsolaunchpilotprojectsaimedatimprovingconservation,

enforcementandFirstNationsaccesstofisheries.

30Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe.

A^WhereHavetheSalmonGone?

B、HowtoProtecttheSalmon?

C、EnvironmentandFishery

D、TheSurvivalofSalmonandtheRightsofFirstNations

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是主旨题。综合全文的要点，我们不难做出这一判断。选项A、

B作为题目范围太窄，前选项C的题目太大，所涉及的范围太泛，因此都不宜作为

文章标题。

Asia'srealboat-rockerisagrowingChina,notJapan,aseniorAmericaneconomist

observed.Thereissomuchnoisesurroundingandemanatingfromthe'world'smiracle

economythatitisbecomingcacophonous.InWashington,DC,thelatestideaisthat

Chinaisbecomingtoosuccessful,perhapsevendangerouslyso:whileCapitolHill

resoundswithcomplaintsoftradesurplusesandcurrencymanipulation,thePentagonand

sundrythink-tanksechotoanewdrumbeatofanalystsworryingaboutChina's12.6%

annumriseinmilitaryspendingandaboutwhetheritmightsoonhavetheabilitytotake

pre-emptivemilitaryactiontoforceTaiwantorejoinit.Soitmaybenocoincidencethat

forthreeconsecutiveweekendsthestreetsofbigChinesecitieshavebeenfilledwiththe

soundsofdemonstratorsinarchingandrocksbeingthrown,allseekingtosendadifferent

message:thatJapanistheprobleminAsia,notChina,becauseofitswantonfailureto

faceuptoitshistory;andthatbycozyinguptoJapaninsecuritymatters,Americais

allyingwithAsia'spariah.Deafnessisnottheonlyriskfromallthisnoise.Thepressure

towardsprotectionisminWashingtonisstrong,andcouldputinfurtherdangernotonly

tradewithChinabutalsothewiderclimatefortradeliberalizationintheDOharoundof

theWorldTradeOrganization(WTO).Sofarwordshavebeenthemainweaponsused

betweenChinaandJapan,butthereisachancethatnationalismineitherorboth

countriescouldleadthegovernmentstostrikeconfrontationalposesovertheirterritorial

disputesintheseasthatdividethem,eveninvolvingtheirnavies.Andthemorethat

nationalistpositionsbecomeentrenchedinbothcountriesbutespeciallyChina,themore

thatstreetprotestscouldbecomestirredup,perhapstowardsmoreviolence.A

revaluationoftheyuan,asdemandedinCongress,wouldnotre-balancetradebetween

AmericaandChina,thoughitmighthelpalittle,induecourse.A"sincere"apologyby

Japanforitswartimeatrocitiesmightalsohelpalittle,butitwouldnotsuddenlyturn

Asia'snaturalgreat-powerrivalsintobosom'buddies.Alltheseissuesarecomplexones

and,asisoftenthecaseintradeandin.historicaldisputes,findingsolutionsislikelyto

befarfromsimple.

31、FromthefirstparagraphwemayseethatAmerica'sattitudetowardsChina's

successis.

A^friendly

B、hostile

C、objective

D、prejudiced

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是推论题。可以通过本段中这样一些词语得出这一判断：China

isbecomingtoosuccessful,evendangerouslyso,CapitolHillresoundswith

complaints,worryingaboutChina's12.6%annualriseinmilitaryspending,force

Taiwantorejoinit等。由此可见，美国对中国的成就所持的态度是敌意的、不友好

的。选项”友好的“：选项”客观的”都不符合原文意思，选项”带偏见的"，程度轻

了。

32、Judgingfromthecontext,theword"think-tanks"(Para.2)probablymeans.

A、tanksthatcanthinkashumanbeings

BNaninstituteorgrouporganizedforinterdisciplinaryresearch

C、agroupofauthoritativepeople

D、scholarsandprofessionalmen

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是词汇题。根据文中的thePentagonandsundrythink-tanks可

知，think-tanks与thePentagon(五角大楼，美国国防部)为并列关系，是instituteor

group之类的组织机构。

33WhatisthereasonforthedemonstrationsinthestreetsofbigChinesecities?

A^ChinatakesmilitaryactiontoforceTaiwantorejoinit,

B、JapanistheprobleminAsia,notChina.

C^Japanisunwillingtofaceuptoitshistory.

D、AmericaisallyingwithAsia'spariah.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题是细节题。参见第2段后两句：...aHseekingtosendadifferent

message：thatJapanistheprobleminAsia,notChina,becauseofitswantonfailure

tofaceuptoitshistory.

34、HowwilltheterritorialdisputesbetweenChinaandJapanbesettledaccordingtothe

author?

A^Bywordsandnegotiations.

B、Withtheirnavies.

C、Throughmoreviolence.

D、Bymeansbeyondhisknowledge.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是判断题。参见第3段：迄今为止两国只有言论战(S。farwords

havebeenthemainweaponsusedbetweenChinaandJapan),但有可能会形成两国政

府之间的对峙(couldleadthegovernmentstostrikeconfrontationalposes),甚至动用

海军(eveninvolvingtheirnavies)o由此可见，对于中日之间的领土争端如何解决，

作者不得而知。

35、What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsAsianmatters?

A、Extreme.

Prejudicial.

C、Indifferent.

D、Neutral.

标准答案；D

知识点解析：本题是推论题。参见文章的最后一句：Alltheseissuesarecomplex

onesand...findingsolutionsisHkelytobefarfromsiirple.而且从作者论述的语气来

看，也没有明确表示支夺或抵毁任何一方，而完全是客观的、中立的态度。

IthasbeenawretchedfewweeksforAmerica'scelebritybosses.AIG'sMaurice

Greenberghasbeendramaticallyoustedfromthefirmthroughwhichhedominated

globalinsurancefbrdecades.AtMorganStanleyamutinyisforcingPhilipPurcell,a

bossusedtogettinghisownway,intoanincreasinglydesperatecampaigntosavehis

skin.AtBoeing,HarryStonecipherwascalledoutofretirementtoleadthescandal-hit

firmandraiseethicalstandards,onlytocommitalapseofhisown,beingsackedfor

sendinge-mailstoaloverwhowasalsoanemployee.CarlyFiorinawasthemost

powerfulwomanincorporateAmericauntilafewweeksago,whenHewlett-

Packard(HP)sackedherforpoorperformance.ThefateofBernieEbbcrsismuch

grimmer.Theoncehigh-profilebossofWorldComcouldwellspendtherestofhislife

behindbarsfollowinghisconvictionlastmonthonfraudcharges.Indifferentways,each

oftheseexamplesappearstopointtothesamewelcomeconclusion:thattheimbalancein

corporatepowerofthelate1990s,whenmanybosseswereallowedtobehavelike

absolutemonarchs,hasbeencorrected.Alas,appearancescanbedeceptive.Whileeach

oftheserecenttalesofchief-executivewooisasisofprogress,noneprovidesmuch

evidencethatthecrisisinAmericancorporategovernanceisyetover.Tnfact,eachof

thesecasesisanexampleoffailed,notsuccessful,governance.Attheveryleast,the

beardsofbothMorganStanleyandHPwerefartooslowtoaddresstheirbosses1

inadequacies.TherecordoftheBoeingbeardinpickingchiefspronetoethicallapsesis

loolongtobedismissedasmerebadluck.ThefallofMessrsGreenbergandEbbers,

meanwhile,highlightsthegrowingroleofgovernment-andinparticular,ofcriminal

prosecutorsinholdingbossestoaccount:adevelopmentthatis,atbest,amixedblessing.

TheSarbancs-Oxlcyact,passedinhastefollowingtheEnronandWorldComscandals,is

imposingheavycostsonAmericancompanies;whethertheseareexceededbyany

benefitsisthesubjectoffiercedebateandmaynotbeknownforyears.EliotSpitzer.

NewYork'sattorney-general,istheleadingadvocateandpractitionerofanenergetic

"lawenforcement"approach.Hemayberightthattherecentburstofpunitiveactionshas

beengoodfortheeconomy,evenifsomeofhisowndecisionshavebeenopento

question.WhereheisundoubtedlyrightisinarguingthatcorporateAmericahasdonea

lamentablejobofgoverningitself.AshesaysinanarticleintheWallStreetJournalthis

week:"ThehourcedeamongCEOsdidn'twork.Boardoversightdidn'twork.Scr-

regulationwasacompletefailure."AIG'sboard,fbrexample,didnothingaboutMr.

Greenberg'suseofmurkyaccounting,ortheconflictsposedbyhisuseofoffshore

vehicles,orhisconstantbullyingofhiscriticsletalonethefirm*sallegedparticipationin

bid-rigging—untilMr.Spitzerthreatenedacriminalprosecutionthatmighthave

destroyedthefirm.

36、Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby.

A、citingAmerica'scelebritybosses

B、listinganumberofAmerica'scelebritybosses

C、depictingtheplightofsomereputedAmericanbosses

D^writingsomemostpowerfulpersonsinAmericanfirms

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题是简单推断题。第1段中，作者通过描述5个大名鼎鼎的美国老

板的可叹结局，介绍了文章的主题内容：这些昔H声名显赫、大权在握的老板，最

终都被戏剧性地驱逐出了公司(dramaticallyoustedfromthefirm)o

37、Fromthepassagewegettoknowthat.

A^America'sbossesnolongerhaveabsolutepower

B、theconvictionoflastmonthdeclaresfraudcharges

C、thereisacrisisinAmerican.corporategovernance

D、theAmerica'scelebritybossesaredeceptive

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是推论题。第1段提到5个美国大老板被夺权的厄运，接着得出

这样一个结论：...theimbalanceincorporatepowerofthelate1990s,whenmany

bosseswereallowedtobehavelikeabsolutemonarchs>hasbeencorrected.(上世纪90

年代那种失调的法人权得到了纠正，当时的大老板像君主那样拥有绝对的权力)。

然后乂用若干例证加以详述。

38、Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheoustingoftheAmerica'scelebritybossesis.

Assympathetic

B、supportive

C、indifferent

D、uninterested

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是主旨题。根据文章的上下文(尤其是第2段)我们不难看出，作

者对这种做法怀支持态度：eachoftheseexamplesappearstopointtothesame

welcomeconclusion；theimbalance...hasbeencorrected；Infact»eachofthesecases

isanexampleoffailed,notsuccessful,governance,等等。

39、Whatdoestheauthormeanby"amixedblessing"(Para.3)?

A、Allkindsofgoodthings.

B、Somethingmixedwithconfusion.

C^Somethingbothgoodandbad.

D、Somethingmixedwithoptimisticandpessimisticresults.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题是语义题。mixedadj.混合的，混杂的，如：mixedeconomy兼私

有与国有经济的混合经济；blessing幸福，可喜的事情。此处的amixedblessing也

即是“好坏掺半之事”。

40Asfortheissuesinvolvedintheeconomy,EliotSpitzerwouldbeinfavorof.

A、lawenforcementapproach

B、decisionsopentoquestion

C、thehourcodeamongCEOs

D^boardoversightandself-regulation

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是推论题。参见文章最后一段。作者认为，他也许是对的，因为

惩罚诉讼有利于经济发展(punitiveactionshasbeengoodfortheeconomy)0由此可

见，EliotSpilzer倡导将法律实施的途径用于经济领域。

三、阅读(补全短文)(本题共5题，每题7.0分，共

5分。)

Youarcgoingtoreadanarticlewhichisfollowedbyalistofexamplesorheadings.

ChoosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedposition(41-45).There

maybecertainextrawhichyoudonotneedtouse.(10points)A.Theconsequenceof

losingbonesB.AbetterlabinspacethanonearthC.TwodifferentcasesD.Multiple

effectsformweightlessnessE.HowtoovercomeweightlessnessF.Factorsthatarenotso

sureDuringweightlessness,theforceswithinthebodyundergodramaticchange.

Becausethespineisnolongercompressed,peoplegrowtaller.Thelungs,heartandother

organswithinthechesthavenoweight,andasaresult,theribcageandchestrelaxand

expand.Similarly,theweightsoftheliver,kidneys,stomachandbowelsdisappear.One

astronautsaidafterhisflight:"Youfeelyourgutsfloatingup.Ifbundmyselftightening

mybelly,soriofpushingthingsback."(41).Meanwhilemusclesandbonescome

tobeusedindifferentways.Ourmusclesaredesignedtosupportuswhenstandorsit

uptightan4tomovebodyparts.Butinspace,musclesusedforsupportonthegroundare

nolongerneededforthatpurpose;moreover,themusclesusedformovementarounda

capsuledifferfromthoseusedforwalkingdownahall.Consequently,somemuscles

rapidlyweaken.Thisdoesn'tpresentaproblemtospacetravelersaslongastheyperform

onlylightwork.Butpreventingthelossofmuscletissuerequiredforheavyworkduring

spacewalksandpreservingmusclefbrsafereturntoEartharethesubjectofmany

currentexperiments.Studieshaveshownthatastronautslosebonemassfromthelov/er

spine,hipsandupperlegatarateofabout1percentpermonthfortheentiredurationof

theirtimeinspace.Somesites,suchastheheel,losecalciu