考研英语模拟试卷216

考研英语模拟试卷216

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Researchershavefoundthatmigratinganimalsuseavarietyofinnercompassestohelp

themnavigate.Some(1)bythepositionoftheSun.Othersnavigatebythestars.

SomeusetheSunas(2)guideduringtheday,andthen(3)tostarnavigation

bynight.OnestudyshowsthatthehomingpigeonusestheEarth'smagneticfieldsasa

guide(4)findingitswayhome,andthereareindicationsthatvariousother

animals,frominsectstomollusks(软体动物),canalsomake(5)ofmagnetic

compasses.(6)isofcourseveryusefulforamigratingbirdtobeabletoswitchto

magneticcompasswhencloudscoverthesun;(7)itWouldjusthavetolandand

waitfortheSuntocomeoutagain.(8)withtheSunorstarstosteerby,the

problemsofnavigationaremorecomplicated(9)theymightseematfirst.For

example,aworkerhoneybee(10)hasfoundarichsourceofnectarandpollenflies

rapidlyhometothehiveto(11)____:Anaturalisthasdiscoveredthatthebeescout

(12)herreportthroughcomplicateddanceinthehive,(13)shetellstheother

workersnotonlyhowfarawaythefoodis,butalsowhatdirectiontoflyin(14)to

theSun.(15)theSundocsnotstayinoneplaceallday.Astheworkersstart

(16)togatherthefood,theSunmay(17)havechangeditspositioninthesky

somewhat.Inlatertripsduringtheday,theSunseemsiomovefartherandfarthertoward

thewest.Yettheworkerbeesseemtohaveno(18)atallinfindingthefood

source.Theirinner(19)tellthemjustwheretheSunwillbe,andtheychangetheir

course(20).

1、Researchershavefoundthatmigratinganimalsuseavarietyofinnercompassesto

helpthemnavigate.Some(I)bythepositionoftheSun.Othersnavigatebythe

stars.SomeusetheSunas(2)guideduringtheday,andthen(3)tostar

navigationbynight.OnestudyshowsthatthehomingpigeonusestheEarth'smagnetic

fieldsasaguide(4)findingitswayhome,andthereareindicationsthatvarious

otheranimals,frominsectstomollusks(软体动物),canalsomake(5)ofmagnetic

compasses.(6)isofcourseveryusefulforamigratingbirdtobeabletoswitchto

magneticcompasswhencloudscoverthesun;(7)itWouldjusthavetolandand

waitfortheSuntocomeoutagain.(8)withtheSunorstarstosteerby,the

problemsofnavigationaremorecomplicated(9)theymightseematfirst.For

example,aworkerhoneybee(10)hasfoundarichsourceofnectarandpollenflies

rapidlyhometothehiveto(11):Anaturalisthasdiscoveredthatthebeescout

(12)herreportthroughcomplicateddanceinthehive,(13)shetellstheother

workersnotonlyhowfarawaythefoodis,butalsowhatdirectiontoflyin(14)to

theSun.(15)theSundoesnotstayinoneplaceallday.Astheworkersstart

(16)togatherthefood,theSunmay(17)havechangeditspositioninthesky

somewhat.Inlatertripsduringtheday,theSunseemsiomovefartherandfarthertoward

thewest.Yettheworkerbeesseemtohaveno(18)atallinfindingthefood

source.Theirinner（19）tellthemjustwheretheSunwillbe,andtheychangetheir

course（20）.

A、move

B、fly

C、steer

D、swim

标准答案：C

知识点解析：此处的选词应该是与第一句中的navigate相对应的词，表示朝着某方

向前进。这些动词中需要立即排除的就是Ry和swim,因为它们不能表示所有动物

的运动形式。move一词不够准确，没有方向性，因此只有steer（行驶，前进）符合

题意。

2、

A、their

B、its

C^one's

D^theirs

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本空白处为主语Some（migratinganimals）的指代词，所以应该是复

数，由于theirs是物主代词their的绝对形式，不能后跟名词，因此不合本题的语法

要求，选项its和one's只能表示单数。只有答案选项正确。

3、

A、convert

B、switch

C^plunge

D、revolve

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句的意思是说白天动物靠太阳辨别方向，到了晚上就靠星星导航

（starnavigation）,此处的动词表示转向的意思，因此首先应该排除plunge（投入，陷

入），revolve（围绕…旋转）。选项converl一般表示宗教信仰的改变，只有swilch（转

换）符合题意。这在本段末也可以找到印证。switch还常常表示语言的转换，如：

HeswitchedtoEnglishwhenhespoketohisgirlfriend.（他对女朋友说话时,改说英

语了）。

4、

A、in

B、al

C>for

D、on

标准答案：A

知识点解析：indoingsomething表示在做什么事情的时候，如:Incrossingthe

streethewasrunover.（过街时，他被撞了）。因此in正确，表示动物回家靠的是地

球磁场的指示。

5、

A、way

B、sense

C、use

D^advantage

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题中只有选项use可以与句中的make组成makeuseof（利用）的搭

配，其他词都不正确。

6、

A、This

That

C、What

D、It

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本句是对句子结构的考查，即句型"It+be+adj.+todosomething”,因此

只能选择h,其余选项都不合语法要求。

7、

A、otherwise

B、however

C>meanwhile

D^nevertheless

标准答案：A

知识点解析：木句的意思紧接前半句，”太阳被云彩遮盖时，候鸟要依靠磁场辨别

方向，…那么它必须停下来，等到太阳重新出来”，这其中暗含一个条件，即如果

不能依靠磁场，选项中只有。therwise可以表达”如果不是这样、否则”的意思，因

此是正确答案。

8、

A、Still

Even

C、Yet

D、While

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句进一步阐述动物内部指南针的重要性。它与上文是属于递进关

系，没有转折关系，因此yet,while均不符合题意，Even表示即使的意思，符合

文意。Still可以表示仍然，还的意思，在此不合要求。

9、

A^when

B、as

C、than

D、asthough

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这是紧接前面的morecomplicated组成一个more...than的比较结

构，因此选than,别的选项不合语法。

1U、

A、that

B、if

C、when

D、ir

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本句是一个定语从句。先行词是honeybee（蜜蜂），本空白处是从句的

主语，又是引导词，因此选ihat；别的选项均不合要求。

11,

A、report

B、say

C、tell

D、remind

标准答案：A

知识点解析：蜜蜂发现蜜源要回巢去通知别的同伴。但是此处的动词必须是不及物

的，同时还要有告知的意思，因此say,tell（告诉），remind（提醒）都不符合语法和

语义的要求，只能选择rep。”报告）。

12、

A、transmit

B、do

C^transfers

D、delivers

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本处缺的是谓语动词，该词必须与后面的宾语report相搭配，还必须

是第三人称单数形式，因此只能选deliver表示发表、讲的意思，别的动词选项都

不能跟report搭配。

13、

A、how

B、why

C^inwhich

D、inthisway

标准答案：C

知识点解析：选词所在的部分是本句的定语从句，先行词是report,因此只有in

which可以指代它，别的选项不符合要求，因此不正确。

14、

A、order

B、function

C^relation

D、response

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题是对介词短语的考查。首先判明句子的意思，是表示蜜蜂要根据

太阳的位置来决定飞行的方向，inorderto表示目的，inresponseto表示回应，没

有infunctionto的短语，因此只有inrelationto表示与…相关，符合文意。

15、

A、And

B、Also

C、For

D、But

标准答案：D

知识点解析：木句与上句存在明显的转折关系，因此选But。

16、

A、away

on

C、with

D、out

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查动词短语。原文的意思是蜜蜂出发之意，因此选out表示出

发去做什么事。startaway表示因为惊恐而离开，starton表示开始处理某事，须后

接宾语，startwith表示以…开始，必须接宾语。

17、

A、already

yet

C、certainly

D、finally

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从句子的意思看是表示太阳可能已经非常偏西了。因此只有already

正确，别的选项都不符合题意。

18、

A^fun

B、trouble

C、use

D、way

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句的意志是蜜蜂还是能找着蜜源。因此是没有困难之义，而且

havenotrouble（in）doingsomething属于固定搭配，故只有trouble符合语义和语法要

求。

19、

A^times

B、clocks

C、journals

D、circumferences

标准答案：B

知识点解析：蜜蜂靠的是自己的生物罗盘，即前面所说的innercompass,此处即是

一个互换词。time（时代），journal（日记）,circumferences（周围）都不符合语义,因此

只能选择组成innerclocks生物钟，符合题义。

20、

A、cooperatively

B、coordinately

C、correspondingly

D、coherently

标准答案：C

知识点解析：此处缺少副词，表示蜜蜂随着自己的生物钟的指示来辨明太阳的位

置ccooperatively（合作二也）.coordinately（同等地.并列地）均不符合要求.

coherently（一致地）一般表示文章的上卜连贯，在此不合文意，选项correspondingly

表示相应地、随着…而行动地，符合题意。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分,共20分。）

Fortunatelytherearestillafewtastythingsforusgourmandstoenjoyinrelative

security.Theirnumbers,however,aredepletedalmostdaily.Itseems,byruthless

proclamationsfromtheever-vigilantFoodandDrugAdministrationanditsallies,our

doctors.Thelatestfelontofaceprosecutionisthesaltoflife,sodiumchloride.

Ostensibly,overuseofsaltmuseshighbloodpressureandhypertension,thecauseofhalf

thedeathsintheUnitedStateseveryyear.Afewyearsagotheanti-saltcampaigners

raisedsucharumpusthatsaltwasbannedfrombabyfood.Currentlypressureisbeing

appliedtofoodmanufacturerstoobligethemtolabeltheirproductstoshowsodium

content.Bemusedoingscwouldcostmercenarymanufacturersmoney,theyarguethat

theyhavenoideahowmuchsaltremainsonsuchthingsaspotatochipsandhowmuch

stickstothebag.Furthermore,saltisn'ttheonlyharmfulingredientinfood.Ifthe

manufacturerhastoprovidesodiumcontent,whynotrequirehimtolisteveryingredient

andspecifywhicharedetrimentaltoourhealth?Cigaretteshaveawarningprintedon

them.Shouldn'tthesametypeofwarningappearoncannedfoodsthatarenotoriously

over-salted?Thereareendlessifsandbutsinthecontroversy,butthemosttellingof

theseisthequestionableproofofsalt'sdiaboliceffectuponbloodpressure.True,people

whocuttheirsaltintakeloweredtheirbloodpressure,butwhereisthescientificproof

thatsomethingotherthansaltdidn'tdothetrick?Themostcommonmeansofproviding

dubiousproofthatsaltcauseshypertensionistocomparesocietiesthatuselittlesaltwith

thosethatusemountainsofsaltintheirdailydiets.Whichgrouphasthehigherrateof

hypertension?Whosebloodpressureislower?Whathappenswhensaltisintroducedinto

agroupwheresaltisanovelty?Doesthebloodpressurerisesignificantly?Studiesofthe

Japaneseindicatethatastheworld'sgreatestsalters,theysufferthemostfrom

hypertension.Ontheotherhand,thesimple,salt-freecuisineofseveraltribesinthe

SolomonIslandshaskeptoldertribesmenandwomenfromdevelopinghypertensionand

highbloodpressure,ailmentstraditionallykillingtheirpeersinAmerica.Noaccountis

takenoftheeffectsofinflation,recession,pollution,crime,andsundryotherillstowhich

Americansunlikepeopleonprimitiveislands,areexposed.Tosaltornottosalt?Thatis

thequestion.Nowthatthequestionhasarisen,itmustnotbetreatedwithlevitybut,

rather,withsearchingscientificinvestigationsothatthoseofuswhoarepreoccupied

withbothsavoryfoodandlongevitymaydecidewhichofthetwoisworthitssalt.

21、Whatistheattitudeoftheauthorofthispassagetowardthesaltcontroversy?

A^Wemuststopeatingsaltimmediately.

B、Sheisnotconvincedthatsaltisharmful.

C、TheFoodandDrugAdministrationworkswellwithdoctors.

D^Soontherewon'tbeanythingtastylefttoeat.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。题意为：”作者对关于食盐问题争论的态度什么?”可用排除

法。选项”我们必须立即停止吃食盐”过于武断，为错误选项。选项”食品和药品管

理局同医生合作得好”文中未提及，是错误的。选项”很快将不再有美味的食品”也

很荒谬，可排除。因此"作者也难确定食盐是有害的”为正确选项。

22、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothetopic?

A^Angry.

B、Humorous.

C^Scientific.

D、Sympathetic:

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。题意为：”作者对主题的论述方法是什么?”请参考文章第二

段第三句：…生产商辩解道他们不知道有多少盐在薯条上，有多少盐粘在塑料袋

上。文章第四段首句把莎士比亚在《哈姆雷特》的名句Tobeornottobe,thatisa

question诙谐地改成Tosaltornottosalt?Thatisaqueslion（到底吃盐还是不吃盐，这

是一个问题）。由此可知作者的幽默，即答案选项正确。

23>Whatdoestheword"felon"(Sentence4,Paragraph1)probablymean?

A、food

B、additive

C、criminal

D、gourmand

标准答案：C

知识点解析：词义猜测题。题意为：”词felon的意思很可能是"o请参考文

章首段末句：最近面临起诉的felon是食盐…可知选项”罪犯”为正确答案。

24、Foodmanufacturersdonotwanttolabelpackageswithsodiumcontent

because.

A、theydisagreewiththeFDA

saltdoesn'tsticktopotatochips

C^theywouldhavetospendmoremoney

D、itisn'timportanttosingleoutsalt

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。题意为：”罐装食品应当像香烟一样附上警告标志因为

%请参考文章第二段末句：罐装食品用盐量过多，不应当也一样附上警告

标志吗?可知选项”两者都对身体有害”为正确答案。

25Whichofthefollowingistheauthor'ssuggestionwithregardtothesalt

controversy?

A、AmericansshouldlearnalessonformJapanese.

B、Comparesocietiesthatlittlesaltwiththoseusemountainsofsaltintheirdailydiets.

C>Weshouldeataslittlesaltaspossible.

D、Doscientificinvestigationandletpeoplethemselvesmakechoices.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。题意为：”下列哪句是作者对食盐的争论提出的建议?”请参

考文章末段末句：既然问题提出来了，就不能轻率对待，而应进行科学的调查研

究；这样我们这些既要享受美味食品，又要长寿的人可以决定到底该如何做。可知

选项”进行科学调查，让人们自己做决定”为正确答案。

Inthetwodecadesbetween1910and1930,overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationof

theUnitedStateslefttheSouth,wheremostoftheBlackpopulationhadbeenlocated,

andmigratedtonorthernstates,withthelargestnumbermoving,itisclaimed,between

1916and1918.Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumed,butnotproved,thatthemajorityofthe

migrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasand

weremotivatedbytwofactors:thecollapseofthecottonindustry,whichbeganin1898,

andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationofEuropean

immigrationcausedbytheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin1914.Thisassumptionhas

ledtotheconclusionthatthemigrants1subsequentlackofeconomicmobilityinthe

Northistiedtoruralbackground,abackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurban

livingandalackofindustrialskills.ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhas

neverbeenthoroughlyinvestigated.Althoughnumerousinvestigationsdocumentan

exodus（大批出走）fromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreat

Migration,noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedontonorthern

cities.In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforce,

reportedthemselvestobeengagedin"manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits",the

federalcensuscategoryroughlyencompassingtheentireindustrialsector.TheGreat

Migrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeupentirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.Itis

perhapssurprisingtoarguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbeenticedtomove,butan

explanationliesinthelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth.Aboutthirty-five

percentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedinskilledtrades.Some

werefromtheoldartisanclassofslavery-blacksmiths,masons,carpenters-whichhad

hadamonopolyofcertaintrades,buttheyweregraduallybeingpushedoutby

competition,mechanization,andout-date.Theremainingsixty-fivepercent,more

recentlyurbanized,workedinnewlydevelopedindustries—tobacco,lumber,coaland

ironmanufacture,andrailroads.WagesintheSouth,however,werelow,andBlack

workerswereaware,throughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpress,thattheycouldearn

moreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.

Duringthatperiod,urbanblackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuingarrivalof

bothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerly

paidforindustrialjobs.Thusamovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthat

wasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed,andtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsub­

sequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundcomesintoquestion.

26、Whichofthefollowingrecordshasbeenasourceofinformationinher

investigation?

A、UnitedStatesImmigrationServicereportsfrom1914to1930.

B、Payrollsofsouthernmanufacturingfirmsbetween1910and1930.

C>TheVolumeofcottonexportsbetween1898and1910.

D、Thefederalcensusof1910.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。题意为：”作者明确地表明她调查的资料来源于下列哪人文

献?”请分析文章第二段第三句：1910年几乎包括所有工业区的联邦人口普查表

明，占黑人劳动力10%、人数超过60万的黑人工人声称自己以前也从事工业生

产。可知答案选项正确。

27、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofwagesinsoutherncities

in1910?

Theywerebeingpushedlowerasaresultofincreasedcompetition.

B>Theyhadbeguntorisesothatsouthernindustrycouldattractruralworkers.

C、Theyhadincreasedinlargesoutherncitiesanddecreasedinsmallsoutherncities.

D^Theyhadincreasedinnewlydevelopedindustriesbutdecreasedintheoldertrades.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。题意为：”根据本文，下列关于南方城市工人工资的陈述哪

一句正确?”请分析文章第三段第四句：在那个时期，城市里的黑人工人面临着不断

涌入城市的黑人和白人农民工的竞争。因此他们被迫降低工资，可知选项”由三竞

争的加剧，工资降低”为正确答案。

28、TheauthorcitieseachofthefollowingaspossibleinfluencesinaBlackworkers'

decisiontomigratenorthintheGreatMigrationEXCEPT.

A、wagelevelsinnortherncities

B、votingrightsinnorthernstates

C^theBlackpress

D、competitionfromtheruralworkers

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。题意为：”下面哪一个不是作者列出的在大移民运动中影响

黑人工人决定移向北方的可能的理由?”文章最后一段指出，黑人工人通过读黑人报

纸了解到南方的工资远远低于北方。同时农民工涌入城市加剧了竞争。因此可以排

除其他三个选项，选项”北部各州的选举权利”为正确答案。

29Itcanbeinfenedfromthepassagethat"easyconclusion"(Paragraph3)isbasedon

oneofthefollowingassumptions:

A、Peoplewhomigratefromruralareastolargecitiesusuallydosoforeconomic

reasons.

BNMostpeoplewholeaveruralareastotakejobsincitiesreturntoruralareasasscon

asitisfinanciallypossibleforthemtodoso.

C、Peoplewithruralbackgroundsarelesslikelytosucceedeconomicallyincitiesthan

arethosewithurbanbackgrounds.

D、Mostpeoplewhowereonceskilledworkersarenotwillingtoworkasun-skilled

workers.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。题意为：”从文中可推断，easycunclusiun基丁什么样的假

设?”请注意最后一段末句：因此对已经城市化且有过稳定工作的一群人移民北方很

有优势，而将他们随后遇到的经济问题归结为他们的农村背景的轻率结论就不能成

立。可知轻率的结论是基于和城里人相比，农村来的人不容易赚到钱的假设。故答

案选项正确。

30、Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto.

A、arguethatadiscardedtheorydeservesnewattention

B、presentevidencethatresolvesacontradiction

C^introducearecentlydiscoveredsourceofinformation

D、challengeawidelyacceptedexplanation

标准答案：D

知识点解析：主旨题。题意为：”写本文的目的是%通读全文，作者首先讲

述有关黑人工人移民北方的已有观点，接着阐明自己的新观点，对已有的观点提出

质疑，故答案选项正确。

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderable

enlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshouses

andcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumane

careinhospital-likeenvironmentsandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.

Bythemid-1800s20slateshadestablishedasylums.Butduringthelate1800sandearly

1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriate

sufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.

Additionally,patientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthemental

healthfieldhadanticipated,andsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsand

others.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichthefights

ofpatientswereallbutforgotten.TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarII.At

thattime,newtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessesconsidered

untreatable(penicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophrenia

anddepressions),andasuccessionofbooks,motionpictures,andnewspaperscalled

attentiontotheplightofthementallyill.Improvementsweremade,andDr.DavidVail's

HumanePracticesProgrammeisabeaconfortoday.Butchangeswerestoreincoming

untiltheearly1960s.Atthattime,theCivilRightsMovementledlawyerstoinvestigate

America'sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturn

followedprisonersintotheinstitutionsthatwereworsethanthehospitalsforthe

criminallyinsane.Theprisonswerefilledwithangryyoungmenwho,encouragedby

legalsupport,werequicktodemandtheirfights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,

bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered"crazy"andwhowere

oftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlarge

doseofmajortranquillizers.Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirrolein

thementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasyto

champion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.

Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjustice,which,

onceexposed,washoundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.

Judicialinterventionshavehadsomedefinitepositiveeffects,butthereisgrowing

awarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthat

assuregoodpatientcare.Thedetailsofprovidingday-to-daycaresimplycannotbe

mandatedbyacourt,soitistimetotakefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryof

mentalheathcareandassuranceofpatientfightsandreturnittothestatementalhealth

administratorstowhomthemandatewasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttask,

administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingand

surveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.

31、Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A、discusstheinfluenceofDorotheaDixonthementalhealthmovement

B、provideahistoricalperspectiveonproblemsofmentalhealthcare

C、increasepublicawarenessoftheplightofthementallyill

D、shockthereaderwithvividdescriptionsofasylums

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨题。题意为：”本文的主要用意是%通读全文，可知作者

叙述了精神病医疗史。第一段讲述19世纪初到20世纪初精神病医疗方面的情况，

第二、三段讲述从第二次世界大战到目前的相关情况。因此选项”关于精神病医疗

的历史'为正确答案。

32、Theauthor'sattitudetowardspatientsinstareinstitutionscartbestbedescribed

as.

A、inHexibleandinsensitive

B、detachedandneutral

C、understandingandsympathetic

D、knowledgeablebutunsupportive

标准答案：C

知识点解析：作者态度题。题意为：”作者对公立医疗机构中患者的态度可被形容

为作者在首段谈到公立的精神病院：从19世纪末到20世纪初，精神病

院里的患者爆满，像被关进监狱。接着在首段末句，作者谈到：精神病院变成患者

的权利完全被遗忘的、可怕的、令人沮丧的场所。因此，选项”理解和同情的”为正

确答案。

33、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueintheearly1960s,accordingtothe

passage?

A、Theprisonersaremainlyblacks.

B、Theprisonersarepassiveandeasytochampion.

C、Theprisonersaretreatedwithnewly-developedtreatmentsformentalillnesses.

D、Theprisonersarereluctanttodemandtheirrights.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。题意为：”根据本文，在20世纪60年代，下列哪句是正确

的?”根据文章第二段第四句”在那时，公民权利运动促使律师们调查美国的监弑，

监狱里黑人占大多数”，可知选项”囚犯们主要是黑人”为正确答案。

34、ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbutfortheCivilRightsMovement,.

A、stateswouldneverhaveestablishedasylumsfbrthementallyill

B、newtreatmentsformajormentalillnesseswouldnothavebeendeveloped

C>thenumberofwhitesinprisonwouldhaveincreased

D、conditionsinmentalhospitalsmighthave,escapedjudicialscrutiny

标准答案：D,

知识点解析：推断题。题意为：”从文中可以推断出，如果没有公民权利运动，

"o根据文章第二段的描述，可知：公民权利运动促使律师们去调查，将精

神病患者的悲惨处境以及不公正的待遇公之于众，尤其是唤起司法界的良知。由此

可知选项”精神病院的条件可能会逃过司法检查”为正确答案。

35、Thetoneofthefinalparagraphcanbestbedescribedas.

A、highlyargumentative

B、overlyemotional

C、cleverlymisleading

D、generallyobjective

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。题意为：”文中最后一段的语气可以被描述为"o作者

客观地论述了仅靠司法介入解决不了问题，需要公立精神病医疗机构的官员履行职

责，确保精神病患者的权利，因此选项”总体来说客观的”为正确选项。

Oursisasocietythattriestokeeptheworldsharplydividedintomasculineandfeminine,

notbecausethatisthewaytheworldis,butbecausethatisthewaywebelieveitshould

be.Ittakesunwaveringbeliefandconsiderableefforttokeepthisdivision.Italsoleads

ustomakesomefairlyfoolishjudgments,particularlyaboutlanguage.Becausewethink

thatlanguagealsoshouldbedividedintomasculineand.femininewehavebecomevery

skilledatignoringanythingthatwillnotfitourpreconceptions.Wewouldratherchange

whatwehearthanchangeourideasaboutthegenderdivisionoftheworld.Wewillcall

assertivegirlsunfeminineandsupportiveboyseffeminate,andtrytochangethemwhile

stillretainingourstereotypesofmasculineandfemininetalk.Thisiswhysomeresearch

onsexdifferencesandlanguagehasbeensointeresting.Itisanillustrationofhowwrong

wecanbe.Ofthemanyinvestigatorswhosetouttofindthestereotypedsexdifferences

inlanguage,fewhavehadanypositiveresults.Itseemsthatourimagesofserious

taciturn（沉默的）malespeakersandgossipygarrulous（饶舌的）femalespeakersarejust

thatimages.Manymythsassociatedwithmasculineandfemininetalkhavehadtobe

discardedasmoreresearchhasbeenundertaken.Iffemalesdousemoretrivialwords

thanmales,stoptalkinginmid-sentence,ortalkaboutthesamethingsoverandover

again,theydonotdoitwheninvestigatorsarearound.Noneofthesecharacteristicsof

femalespeechhavebeenfound.Andevenwhensexdifferenceshavebeenfound,the

questionarisesastowhetherthedifferencesisintheeyeorearofthebeholder,rather

thaninthelanguage.Ifmalesdonotspeakinhigh-pitchedvoices,itisnotusually

becausetheyareunabletodoso.Thereasonismorelikelytobethattherearepenalties.

Maleswithhigh-pitchedvoicesareoftentheobjectofridicule.Butpitchisnotan

absolute,forwhatisconsideredtherightpitchformalesvariesfromcountrytocountry.

36、Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor'sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalk

andmasculinetalkis.

A^assertive

B、snobbish

C、approving

D^critical

标准答案：D

知识点解析：作者态度题。题意为：”本文作者对男性话语和女性话语的分类的态

度是怎样的?”从文中第一段末句出现的foolishjudgments（愚蠢的判断）以及第三段第

二句（这表明我们会犯多么大的错误，会向错误方向走多远），可知作者对此持批评

态度，即答案选项正确。

37Whatdoestheword"effeminate"（Sentence3,Paragraph2）mean?

A、Unfeminine.

Powerful.

C、Obedient.

D^Unmasculine.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：词义猜测题。题意为：”文中第二段词effeminate的意思是%

根据第二段末句（我们会称有主见的女孩男性化，附和别人的男孩女性化…），可知

该词的意思是选项”非男性化的”，即为正确答案。

38、Theauthorusespilchasanexampleinordertoindicate.

A、thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferencesinlanguage

B>thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices

C、thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustrated

D、thatsexdifferenceslieineyeorearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage

标准答案：C「'

知识点解析：推断题。题意为：”作者以音高为例是为了表明\根据长五段

末句（即使找到性别差异时，问题仍是这一差异是否是由听者、看者的观点造成

的，而不是因为语言本身的差异），可知选项”语言的性别差异不好描述”为正确答

案。

39、WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?

A^Alwaysusingtrivialwords.

Repealthesamethingoverandover.

C^Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished.

D、Noneoftheabove.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。题意为：”下列哪句不属于女性话语的传统观点?”根据文章

第四段末句（如果女性化男性用更多无关紧要的词，说话说一半，或反复说同一件

事，那并不是因为调查者在场），可知女性并不总是使用无关紧要的词，即答窠选

项正确C

40、Malesdonorspeakloudlybecause.

A、malesareunabletodoso

B、malesareafraidofbeinglaughedat

C>highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeech

D、anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtohavelowerpitchesthanfemales

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。题意为："男性不大声说话是因为%根据文章末段第

三句（大声说话的男性经常是被嘲讽的对象），因此选项”男性怕被嘲笑”为正确答

案。

三、阅读（补全短文）（本题共5题，每题1.0分，共

5分。）

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choose

themostsuitableonefromthelist(A^B、C>D、E、F^G.......)tofitintoeachofthe

numberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10

points)USPresidentBushhasbeenhavingadifficultsummer.Recentpollsshowa

considerabledeclineinpublicapprovalofhisconductofthenation'sbusiness,yetinjust

fewweeksvoterswilldecidewhetherheorDemocratJohnKerryistobethenext

president.IfthingsaregoingsobadlyforBush,thenKerrymustbedoingwell,right?

(41).Hispublicappearanceskindlelittleenthusiasm.HisTVadsswayfew

viewers.Asaresult,Kerrysupporterstendtobemoreanti-Bushthantheyaregenuinely

pro-Kerry.DemocraticstrategistspointoutthatKerryhasapatternofcomingfrom

behindtowinpoliticalraces.AndeventhoughKerrystirslittleexcitement,many

Americansarequiteeagertolearnwhomhewillchooseashisrunningmate.Apopular

vicepresidentialcandidatecouldenergizehiscampaign,especiallysincethereislittle