河南省南阳市方城县某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期1月期末考试英语试题

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省南阳市方城县某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从媒体所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AExplorethesciencebehindtheseamazinglandscapesRetracingCharlesDarwin’stravelsacrossNorthWales13May2024|6daysUncoverthebestofWalesasyouexplorethedramaticWelshlandscapesofEryri(Snowdonia)NationalParkandexaminetheregiongeologyandhowithasbeentransformedbyvolcanicandglacialactivityovertheyears.DiscoverthestoryofCharlesDarwin’s1831and1842toursofWales,andretracehistravelsonthissmallgroupjourneytoShrewsburyandSnowdonia.TheRockiesandtheBadlands:GeologyanddinosaursinCanada17June2024|7daysExplorethemajesticRockyMountainswestofCalgaryandtheotherworldlyBadlandstothecast,witnessthestunningsceneryandgeologyofsouthernAlberta.ThistourincludestwovisitstoUNESCOWorldHeritagesites,whereyouwillseefirst-handtheruggedpeaksandglacialfeaturesoftheBanffportionofCanadianRockyMountainParksandthebone-riddledbadlandsofDinosaurProvincialPark.Shortbreak:DinosaursandHoodoos:Alberta23July2024|3daysVisitoneoftheworld’spremierdinosaurmuseums,sailallthewayaroundaWorldHeritagesitewithoutstandingdinosaurfossilsandexplorethemulti-huedcanyonsandwind-sculptedhoodoos(石林)oftheAlbertaBadlands.Throughoutthistouryouwillbeaccompaniedbypalaeontologist(古生物学家)JonNoad,whowillsharethestoriesoftherocks,includingtalesaboutpastoceans,swamps,riversanddeserts,theriseandfallofthedinosaursand,morerecently,icesheetsthatcoveredAlbertaandcarvedoutspectacularlandscapes.1.Whichofthefollowingmightappealtodinosaurenthusiastmost?A.TheEryriNationalPark. B.TheWelshGlaciers.C.TheRockyMountains. D.TheAlbertaBadlands.2.Whatdoallthethreetoursinvolve?A.Scientificfacts. B.Talesaboutthepast.C.Specialcompanions. D.VisitstoWorldHeritagesites.3.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Aresearchpaper. B.Asciencefiction.C.Atourismreport. D.Atravelbrochure.BTheyear2023marksthe102thanniversaryofNoether’sringtheory,abranchoftheoreticalmathematicsthatisstillfascinatingandchallengingnumerousmathematicianstoday.Neotherwasbornin1882inGermany,whosefatherwasamathprofessor,butitmusthaveseemedunlikelytoayoungNeotherthatshewouldfollowinhisfootstepsbecausewomenwerebannedfromacademiaandfewtookclassesatuniversities.AfterNeothergraduatedfromahighschoolforgirls,ErlangenUniversitystartedtoletwomenenroll.Shesignedupandearnedherdoctorateinmathematics,whichshouldhavebeentheendofhermathematicaljourney.Teachingatauniversityforwomenwasstilloutofthequestion.ButNeotherstuckwithmathematicsanyway,stayinginErlangenandunofficiallyguidingdoctoralstudentswithoutpay.In1915,sheappliedforapositionattheUniversityofGottingen.BillNicholl,thedeanattheuniversity,alsoamathematician,wasinfavorofhiringNeother,althoughhisargumentwasfarfromfeminist(女权主义).“Thefemalebrainisunsuitableformathematicalproduction,”hewrote,“butNeotherstoodoutasoneoftherareexceptions.”UnfortunatelyforNeother,theMinistryofEducationwouldnotgivetheuniversitypermissiontohaveawomanastheirteacher.NeotherstayedinGottingenandtaughtcourseslistedunderthenameofamalefacultyteacher.Duringthoseyears,shekeptdoingresearchandmadeimportantcontributionstotheoreticalphysicsandEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.Theuniversityfinallygrantedherlecturerstatus.Twoyearslater,Neotherpublishedrevolutionarydiscoveriesinringtheory,whichisthestudyofmathematicalobjectscalledrings.Neotherianringsshowupallthetimeinmodernmathematics.MathematiciansstilluseNeother’smaptoday,notjustinringtheory,butinotherareasuchasnumbertheoryandalgebraicgeometry.4.WhatdowelearnaboutNeotherfromparagraph2?A.Shetaughtatuniversityasateacher. B.Sheearnedadegreeinmathematics.C.Shewastaughtbyherfatherathome D.Shequithermathematicaljourneyearly.5.WhatcanweinferfromBillNicholl’swords?A.Hewasstrugglingforfeminist. B.Females’brainsdifferedfrommales’.C.Neotherwasagiantinmathematics. D.Womenmathematiciansweresuperb.6.WhatdoweknowaboutNoether’sringtheory?A.Itisstillusedbymathematicianstoday.B.Itopensupanewfieldinmodernphysics.C.ItisbasedonEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.D.Itlaysthefoundationformodernmathematics.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeNoether?A.Giftedandgenerous. B.Sensitiveanddetermined.C.Committedandcreative. D.Hardworkingandhonest.CAmachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.Humans,inthinking,talking,readingandwriting,alsoworkwithsymbols.Butforhumans,meaningiseverything.Whenwecommunicate,wecommunicatemeaning.Whatmattersisnotjusttheoutsideofastringofsymbols,buttheinsidetoo,notjusthowtheyarearrangedbutwhattheymean.Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.Itisthisthatdistinguisheshumansfrommachines.Andthat’swhy,howeverastonishingProjectDebatermayseem,thetraditionthatbeganwithSocratesandConfuciuswillnotendwithartificialintelligence.8.WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.B.ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.C.TointroducethedesignerofProjectDebater.D.Toemphasizethefairnessofthecompetition.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wrinkles”inparagraph2referto?A.Arguments. B.Doubts. C.Errors. D.Differences.10.WhatisProjectDebaterunabletodoaccordingtoHammond?A.Createrules. B.Comprehendmeaning.C.Talkfluently. D.Identifydifficultwords.11.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Socialinteractioniskeytounderstandingsymbols.B.Thehumanbrainhaspotentialyettobedeveloped.C.Ancientphilosopherssetgoodexamplesfordebaters.D.Artificialintelligenceensureshumansabrightfuture.DCalledoceanthermalenergyconversion(OTEC),theideaistousesurfacewaterwarmedbythesuntoheatafluidsuchasammoniaorwater,whichthenrunsaheatenginetoproduceenergy,justlikeapowerplantdrivenbysteam.Coldwaterfromdeeperlayersoftheoceanwouldthenbepipeduptocoolthefluidandrepeatthecycle.Theoretically,oceanscouldprovidevastamountsofelectricitylikethis.Researchershaveestimatedthatthereisenoughoceanheattosupply7,000gigawattsayearwithoutaffectingoceancirculation,enoughtosupplytheworld’selectricitydemand—ifwecanaccessit.Theideawasfirstputforwardin1881,butwentlargelyunexploreduntilthe1970soil.crisisdroveasearchfornewsourcesofenergy.Intheyearssince,demonstrationprojectshavebeenbuilt,butprogresshasbeen“disappointing”,saysAIBingeratSIDSDOCK,anorganisationthatpromotescleanenergydevelopmentinsmallislandcountries.Inrecentyears,afreshurgencytotransitionawayfromfossilfuelshasbroughtasuggestionofanOTECreturn.“It’sthemostpromisingit’sbeeninmanydecades,”saysAndreaCoppingatthePacificNorthwestNationalLaboratoryinWashingtonstate.Tropical(热带的)islandsaregoodcandidatesforOTECbecauseoftheirhighenergycosts—diesel(柴油)generatorsarecommonthere—andthepresenceofdeepcoldwaternotfarfromshore,saysJamesVanZwietenatFloridaAtlanticUniversity.Islandsalsohavelessspaceforothertypesofrenewables.Abarrierforpastprojectswasthecostoffixingkilometresoflargepipestoreachdeepwater.GlobalOTECaimstoavoidthatbyextendingashorterpipefromaplatformfloatingindeepwater10kilometresoffshore,thentransmittingelectricitybackviaacable(电缆),andmakinguseofadvancesmadeinoffshorewindtechnology.“OTECwillbepartofprovidingareasonableenergytransitionsotheseplacesaren’tdependingondieselimportsfromtherichestpetrolstatesintheworld,”saysDanGrech,GlobalOTEC’sCEO.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutOTECtechnologyfromparagraph1?A.Itmainlyusesoffshorewindtogenerateelectricity.B.Ithasbeenwidelyappliedtotheoceansallovertheworld.C.Itcancleanthewaterinthedeeperlayersoftheocean.D.Itdependsstronglyonthetemperaturedifferenceintheocean.13.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.TheadvantagesofOTEC. B.ThedevelopmentofOTEC.C.SuccessfulprojectsofOTEC. D.DifferentopinionsonOTEC.14.WhatdifficultydidthepastprojectshavewithOTEConislands?A.Lackingtechnologyforgeneratingelectricity.B.Beingfarawayfromtheshore.C.Enormousinvestmentinthepipeequipment.D.Greatdemandforthespace.15.WhatisDanGrech’sattitudetowardsOTEC?A.Opposed. B.Supportive. C.Doubtful. D.Uncaring.第二节(共五小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。PersonalForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.____16____Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”____17____Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.____18____Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.____19____Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.It’ssomethingofacliché(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.____20____We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.第三部分，语言应用(共两部分;每小题一分，共15分)第一节完形填空(共15分)WhenBeverlyBurdeyneyturnedseventy-fourlastyear,shestartedhavingproblemswithher____21____,notablydrynessanddiscomfort.“Iwassimply____22____aterribleexperience.”Ms.BurdeyneysaidatherhomeinToronto.“Ifeltsohelplessandinsecurebecausethequalityofmylifewasaffected.”Ms.Burdeyneytalkedtosomefriendswhohad____23____problemsanddiscoveredthattheywerelargelysufferingin____24____.“Nobodychoosestotalkaboutitbecauseitseemsso____25____,”shesaid.“Butmoreandmorearesufferingandlivesarebeing____26____.”Eventually,Ms.BurdeyneylearnedaboutplansforaneyeresearchprogramatTelAvivUniversityinIsrael.Theresearchteam____27____CanadiandoctorAllanSlomovic,whohasdone____28____workoneyecareusingstemcells.Seeingarayofhope,Ms.Burdeyneybeganraising____29____fortheprojectwithafriend,TorontobusinessmanMeyerZeifman.Sofar,shehasraised$110,000withanother$40,000____30____.“I’mtryingtogetmoreandmorepeopleto____31____thattherearesolutions,”saidMs.Burdeyney,atrainednursewhoisstillworkingasapersonaltrainerafter____32____.“Isaythereisnooldage,there’sonlyneglect(忽视).Don’tstand____33____.Dosomethingaboutit.”Ms.Burdeyney____34____thatsheishopingtodomorefortheresearchproject.“Ijustwanttobringlightintopeople’seyesandthisisjustthe____35____.Thereisstillalongwaytogo.”21.A.throat B.skin C.lungs D.eyes22.A.gettingover B.goingthrough C.holdingon D.passingdown23.A.similar B.various C.personal D.special24.A.turn B.peace C.vain D.silence25.A.unbearable B.abnormal C.insignificant D.disturbing26.A.compromised B.forgotten C.substituted D.separated27.A.informed B.doubted C.included D.dismissed28.A.part-time B.controversial C.voluntary D.ground-breaking29.A.money B.standards C.awareness D.questions30.A.wasted B.donated C.expected D.earned31.A.imagine B.confirm C.remember D.understand32.A.retirement B.childbirth C.graduation D.marriage33.A.straight B.still C.firm D.alone34.A.commented B.learned C.reminded D.added35.A.future B.beginning C.truth D.meaning第二节，语法填空(共15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Knownasthe“kingofpaper”,XuanpaperhasbeenrecordingChineseculturesinceits____36____(invent).Ithascontributedtothecontinuityandinheritance(遗产)oftheChinesespiritforthousandsofyears.Thesoft,whiteandfine-texturedpaperisknownforitslongevity.MostancientChinesebooksthathavesurvivedtothepresentdayweremadeusingthistime-honoredpaper.Thepaper’smostimportantfeatureisitsability____37____(absorb)waterandresistink,____38____makesitanidealmaterialforChinesecalligraphyandpainting.ThemakingofXuanpaperisahighlydemandingprocess____39____(consist)of108stepsintotal.Fromsoaking,washing,boiling,bleaching(晒白)andpulping(把……化为纸浆)therawmaterialstoscreening,sunningandcutting,____40____singlesheetofpapertakesmorethantwoyearstomake.Thecrafthasbeenpasseddownorally____41____generationsfrommastertoapprentice.ThemostfamousXuanpaper____42____(produce)inJingCounty,AnhuiProvince.Forseveraldecades,JingCountyhasbeenworkingtopromotethepaperindustry.By2027,thesmallcounty____43____(become)hometomorethan520companies____44____(involve)inXuanpapermaking.Today,theXuanpapermadeinJingCountyissoldboth____45____(domestic)andoverseas,soughtafterbycalligraphersandpaintersworldwide.第四部分写作(共40分)第一节，应用文写作(共15分)46.假定你是李华。随着春节假期的到来，你校号召学生在寒假期间学习一项技能。请写出一项你最想掌握的技能，向校英文周报投稿。内容包括：1.想要学习的技能2.想要学习的原因。注意：].写作词数应为80左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答，TheSkillIWanttoAcquire____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节，读后续写(共25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Onasunnyearlyspringmorning,Anna,togetherwithhergrandchildrenJulie,FredandErik,wasplayinghappilyinthebackyard.Whileplaying,Annasaidtothekids,“Iamgoingtoplantsomethinginthegarden.Whowouldliketohelpme?”“Whatareyougoingtoplant,Grandma?”askedJulie.“Ilikepleasant,bright-coloredroses.”“ButIlikelively,big,yellowsunflowers!”saidFred.“Well,I’mgoingtoplantsomevegetablessothatwecanhavefreshvegetablestoeatwhentheyareready,”saidAnna.“Howlongdoesthattake?”askedErik.Helikedvegetablessometimes,especiallytomatoes.“Itwilltakeseveralmonthsbeforeanythingisreadytoeat,”answeredA