陕西省咸阳市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1陕西省咸阳市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题第一部分：听力（略）第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ANOBELPRIZES2024TheNobelPrizeinPhysics2024JohnHopfield;GeoffreyHinton“forfoundationaldiscoveriesandinventionsthatenablemachinelearningwithartificialneuralnetworks”JohnHopfieldcreatedastructurethatcanstoreandreconstructinformationandGeoffreyHintoninventedamethodthatcanindependentlydiscoverpropertiesindata,whichhasbecomeimportantforthelargeartificialneuralnetworksnowinuse.TheNobelPrizeinChemistry2024DavidBaker“forcomputationalproteindesign”DemisHassabis;JohnJumper“forproteinstructureprediction”TheNobelPrizeinChemistry2024isaboutproteins.DavidBakerhassucceededwiththealmostimpossibleachievementofbuildingentirelynewkindsofproteins.DemisHassabisandJohnJumperhavedevelopedanAImodeltosolvea50-year-oldproblem:predictingproteins’complexstrictures.TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine2024VictorAmbros;GaryRuvkun“forthediscoveryofmicroRNAanditsroleinpost-transcriptionalgeneregulation”VictorAmbrosandGaryRuvkundiscoveredmicroRNA,anewclassoftinyRNAmoleculesthatplayacrucialroleingeneregulation.TheirgroundbreakingdiscoveryinthesmallwormC.elegansrevealedacompletelynewprincipleofgeneregulation.Thisturnedouttobeessentialformulticellularorganisms,includinghumans.TheNobelPrizeinLiterature2024HanKang“forherintensepoeticprosethatconfrontshistoricaltraumasdirectlyandexposesthefragility(脆弱)ofhumanlife”Inallherworks,HanKangfaceshistoricaltraumasandinvisiblesetsofrulesandeachofherworksexposesthefragilityofhumanlife.Shehasauniqueawarenessoftheconnectionsbetweenbodyandsoul,thelivingandthedead,andwithherpoeticandexperimentalstyle,HanKanghasbecomeacreatorincontemporaryprose.1.WhowontheNobelPrizeinPhysics2024forartificialneuralnetworks?A.JohnHopfieldandGeoffreyHinton. B.VictorAmbrosandGaryRuvkun.C.DemisHassabisandJohnJumper. D.JohnHopfieldandJohnJumper.2.WhatisthefocusofNobelPrizeinChemistry2024?A.Generegulation. B.Machinelearning.C.Proteindesignandprediction. D.MicroRNAdiscovery.3.Whatcanbeknownfromthetext?A.MicroRNAplaysacrucialroleinmachinelearning.B.DavidBakerhassucceededinbuildinganAImodeltopredictproteins.C.GeoffreyHintoncreatedastructurethatcanstoreandreconstructinformation.D.HanKang’sworksmainlyexplorehistoricaltraumasandtheweaknessofhumanlife.B“AllsevenpeoplehavebeenrescuedfromastrickencablecarhighabovearemotePakistanvalley,”aspokesmanforthestate-runemergencyservicessaid.Pakistaniauthoritiessaidarmycommandos(突击队),withthehelpofcivilians,madethefinalrescuesafteranoperationlastinghours.Floodlightswereinstalledandaground-basedoperationreachedtheremainingtwopeoplelateonTuesdaymorethan12hoursaftertheircablecarwasdamaged,leavingithangingunsteadilyatanangle.Ahelicopterhadearlierpluckedtwochildrentosafetybeforedarkness.Highwindsmeanttheairrescuehadtobecalledoff.Rescuersusedthecable,keepingthecablecarfromplunging(突然向下冲)intothevalleyasazipline,torescuethreemorechildren.Relativesofthosetrappedprayedwhilewatchingtheoperationandanxiouscrowdsgatheredonbothsidesofthevalley,whichisinamountainousareaofBattagram,about125milesnorthofIslamabad.Severalmilitaryhelicoptershadflownsortiesearlierinthedayandanairmanwasloweredbyasetofbandstodeliverfood,waterandmedicine.CommandoscouldbeseenonlocalTVtryingtolowerthemselvesonropesfromthehelicopterstothecablecar.Anexpertconfirmedthattherescuewasdelicatebecausethewindcreatedbythehelicopters’bladescouldfurtherweakencablesholdingthecarupinthesky.Thechildrentrappedwereteenageboysstudyingatthegovernmenthighschool.Theschoolislocatedinamountainousareaandtherearenosafecrossings,soit’scommontousethechairlift.PeoplewholiveinthenorthernmountainousregionsofPakistanoftenusechairliftsfortransportfromonevillagetoanother.In2017,10peoplewerekilledwhenachairliftcablebroke,sendingpassengersplungingintoavalleyinamountainhamletnearthecapital,Islamabad.4.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1and2?A.Theresultoftherescue. B.Theunderlyingaccidentintherescue.C.Thefollowingsettlementoftherescue. D.Thebackgroundinformationofthevalley.5.Howwastherescueconductedbyarmycommandosandcivilians?A.Bycablecar. B.Byfloodlights. C.Byhelicopter. D.Byazipline.6.Whydidtheairrescuehastobecalledoff?A.Becausetheairrescuestaffwereincompetent.B.Becausethecablewaslefthangingatadangerousangle.C.Becausetheweatherconditionwastoughwithheavyrain.D.Becausethewindcreatedbythehelicopters’bladesisstrong.7.Inwhichcolumnofthewebsitecanwereadthispassage?A.LifePhilosophy. B.SocialNews. C.BusinessInsight. D.BookReviews.CEveryyear,travelersheadtoSouthAmericatobeamazedatthevastglaciers,hugeopenskiesandhighmountains.ButatOmoraEthnobotanicalParkonTierradelFuego,visitorsareencouragedtothinksmall.TierradelFuego,aremoteislandatthetipofSouthAmerica,mightofferlittleintermsofanimalsandtrees,butwhenitcomestobryophytes(苔藓植物),itisamongtherichestcornersoftheplanet.Intheareathatcoverslessthan0.01%oftheEarth’slandsurface,morethan5%oftheworld’sbryophytespeciesisfound.Onenteringthepark,you’regivenamagnifyinglens(放大镜).Guidedbyplantexperts,youareinvitedtogetdownonyourhandsandkneestoexplorethelittle-knownworldofTierradelFuego’s“miniatureforests”—thebryophytesthatcovertherocksandtrees.Focusiskey:asyoutiptoethroughthepark,itiseasytomissorevensteponthem.Iwonderedhowinterestingmossescouldbe.ButwhenIgotupclose,theystartedtocometolife.Shapesandcoloursappearedthatwerenotvisibletothenakedeye.Oneplantwasbrightyellow,whileanotherwasgreenwithabrightredtiplikealittlehat.OneofthestrangestplantsisOldMan’sBeard,whichlookslikethinnoodlesandhangsoffthetreesinwebs.AccordingtomyguideLilyLewis,itplaysanimportantroleinthegrowthoftheforest,capturingnutrients(营养)andsaltsblowninontheoceanwind.OldMan’sBeardisextremelyvulnerabletopollution,andhasallbutdisappearedacrossmuchoftheplanet.ButinTierradelFuego,wheretheairandrainareamongthecleanestontheplanet,itgrowswildly.“Thehandlensisyourentrypointintotheworldoftheminiatureforests,”Lewissaid.“Lookingthroughalensremindsyouthatthereareotherviewpointsfromwhichwecanseetheworld.”8.WhichtitlebestdescribesTierradelFuego?A.Atopdestinationforhikinglovers. B.Auniqueplaceforrarespecies.C.Awonderlandfortinyplants. D.Aremotelandwithmodernbuildings.9.WhatqualityishighlyvaluedwhileexploringOmoraEthnobotanicalPark?A.Curiosityandcreativity. B.Calmnessandattentiveness.C.Quicknessandconfidence. D.Determinationandcourage.10.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“vulnerable”?A.Sensitive. B.Adaptable. C.Beneficial. D.Resistant.11.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.Theeco-tourisminTierradelFuego. B.Thedisadvantagesofbryophytes.C.ThesmallestislandinSouthAmerica. D.Atinyforestonthetipoftheworld.DWhileAIcanbeatusatchess,drivingcars,andevencomposingmusic,makinguslaughseemstobeitsfinalboundary.Mymusicalcomedy,ArtificiallyIntelligent,wasinspiredbythetimeIaskedAItowritemeashowbasedonmylife,anditgavemesomemadlyterribleresults.Iperformedsomeofitsmaterialsintheshow,andIevenmadeAIwriteasongforanaudiencememberliveonthespot,anditwasalwaysfunnyinitsterribleness.Itgeneratedsongstellingtheaudiencememberwhoisadoctortohittheeyesofherco-workerwhosheisalwaysarguingwith.However,thiswasn’tindependentthinking;wehadtofeedAIasmuchinformationaspossibletogetanyresultsfromit.WhenitcomestoactuallygettingAItocraftjokesonitsown,itcan’t.TheproblemwithAIandcomedyisitslackofhumannuance(细微差别)forhumor.AImightbeabletocreateajokestructure,butitdoesnothavetheabilitytopullfrompersonalexperience.Itlacksapointofview,situationalawareness,context,andculturalawarenessneededforgoodcomedy.Irony(讽刺),acomplexformofhumancommunication,ishardforAIbecauseofitsrelianceoncontext,tone,andculturalknowledge.Unlikehumans,AIcan’tinfermeaningbeyondclearstatements.Ironyinvolvessayingonethingbutmeaninganother,relyingonsharedcontext,butAIonlyprocessestextandcan’tpickupaudioandvisualcuesforirony.AImustsignalit’smakingajoke.Asofnow,thoughAIhasmadeimpressiveprogressinsomeareas,itisabsolutelynotfunny,butinthefuturetheoreticallyyes.Whentechnologyadvancestothepointwhererobotsarewalkingaroundwithfreewillandindependentthinking,experiencinglifeandpotentiallyevenemotions,theywouldtheoreticallybegintohaveenoughviewpointstocreatecomedy,oranactivitythatvoicestheirexperienceofbeinganAI.However,thiswouldcreateitsowncultureandwouldonlyberelatabletootherAIs.ThetruthisthataudienceisreallyenjoyingtheAI-generatedmaterialinmyshow,evenifthejokeisbad.But—technically—doesthatmakeitfunny?12.HowdoestheauthorillustrateAI’slimitationinmakingjokesinParagraph2?A.Byprovidingdata. B.Bygivinganexample.C.Byshowingasurveyresult. D.Bymakingacomparison.13.WhatdoestheauthortrytoexplaininParagraph3?A.WhatAIjokesaremadeupof. B.HowAIunderstandsthemeaningofirony.C.WhyAIfailstocreateagoodjokeactually. D.WhetherAIcanlearnfromfunnyexperiences.14.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAIinthefuture?A.Itwillrelateitsculturetohumans. B.Itwillteachitselfthetheoryofcomedy.C.Itwillbefreetoexpressothers’feelings. D.Itwilldevelopitsowncultureofhumor.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthispassage?A.WillAIeverbefunny? B.IsAIgoingtolearntolaugh?C.IsAIthefutureofentertainment? D.WillAIbethepioneerinnewfields?第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Whilethekeytosuccessinbothpersonalandprofessionalrelationshipsliesinyourabilitytocommunicatewell,it’snotthewordsthatyouusebutyournonverbalcuesor“bodylanguage”thatspeaktheloudest.Bodylanguageistheuseofphysicalbehavior,expressions,andmannerismstocommunicatenonverbally,oftendoneinstinctivelyratherthanconsciously.___16___.Facialexpressions.Thehumanfaceisextremelyexpressive.___17___.Andfacialexpressionsareuniversal.Thefacialexpressionsforhappiness,sadness,anger,surprise,fear,anddisgustarethesameacrosscultures.Bodymovementandposture.Considerhowyourperceptions(看法)ofpeopleareaffectedbythewaytheysit,walk,stand,orholdtheirhead.___18___.Thistypeofnonverbalcommunicationincludesyourpostureandyourunnoticeablemovements.Gestures.Youmaywave,point,oruseyourhandswhenarguingorspeakingenergetically,oftenexpressingyourselfwithgestureswithoutthinking.However,themeaningofsomegesturescanbeverydifferentacrosscultures.___19___,forexample,usuallyconveysapositivemessageinEnglish-speakingcountries,it’sconsideredoffensiveincountriessuchasGermany,Russia,andBrazil.So,it’simportanttobecarefulofusinggesturessoastoavoidmisinterpretation.Space.Haveyoueverfeltuneasyduringatalkbecausetheotherpersonwasstandingtooclose?___20___,althoughthatneeddiffersdependingontheculture,thesituation,andtheclosenessoftherelationship.Youcanuseittocommunicatemanydifferentnonverbalmessages,includingsignalsofclosenessandaffectionoraggression.A.ThewayyoumoveandcarryyourselfcommunicatesawealthofinformationB.TherearemanydifferenttypesofnonverbalcommunicationorbodylanguageC.Whilethe“OK”signmadewiththehandD.ItisabletoconveycountlessemotionswithoutsayingawordE.DoyoustillrememberthemostembarrassedmomentyouhaveeverexperiencedF.EveryoneshouldpaymoreattentiontophysicalbehaviorinaformaloccasionG.Weallhaveaneedforphysicalspace第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。JongMayUrbonyaisanAmericanladyfullofsurprises:sheisfluentinMandarin,fondofhanfuandChinesedance.ShewasborninChinaand___21___thereuntiltheageofsix.ItwasinthoseyearsthattheseedsofloveforChineseculturewere___22___inJongMayUrbonya’sheart.EvenwhilemovingbacktotheU.S.,Urbonya’sparentsusedChineseTVdramasto___23___herChineselanguageabilities.TheseedsofpassionbroughtherbacktoChinain2011,___24___ChinesedanceinBeijingNormalUniversity.“WhenIwasakid,Ihada___25___ofbeing“princess”.Ioftencoveredmyshoulderwithablanket,pretendingIwasanancientChineseprincess,”shesaid.Achanceto___26___thatdreamoccurredin2020,whenaTVshowhadUrbonyavisitahanfu,festival.“Hanfuhas___27___appealandiswinningrecognitionintheworld.AfterI___28___experiencedhanfuculture,Irealizedthatitwasanew-foundwayto___29___Chinesehistorytothepresent,”shesaid.Sherecalledthat10yearsagowhenshewasincollege,_____30_____hanfuwasnotacommonsight.Atthattime,shecouldonly_____31_____custom-madehanfuinafewstores.“IfIhadwornhanfuwalkingdownthestreet,peoplewould_____32_____askcuriouslyintheirhearts,‘Whyisthis_____33_____wearinganancientChineseoutfitonthestreet?’”Now,shehasincludedhanfuinhereverydayoutfitandisabletopurchasedifferent_____34_____ofhanfuonline.“I’mreallyhappytobeahanfucultureenthusiast,andIhopetomakeitmore_____35_____tothoseoutsideofChina,”shesaid.21.A.secured B.flew C.lived D.adopted22.A.banned B.controlled C.planted D.swung23.A.keepup B.giveup C.lookup D.stayup24.A.tackling B.studying C.comprising D.appealing25.A.tone B.component C.crisis D.dream26.A.achieve B.appreciate C.imagine D.establish27.A.wide B.tiny C.internal D.identical28.A.heavily B.easily C.fully D.hardly29.A.cease B.bring C.wander D.vary30.A.grabbing B.handling C.linking D.wearing31.A.cast B.buy C.consist D.involve32.A.luckily B.difficultly C.recently D.probably33.A.professor B.foreigner C.educator D.journalist34.A.aspects B.models C.visions D.styles35.A.reliable B.comfortable C.accessible D.reasonable第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Recently,over130studentsandteachersfrom19universitiesembarkedonatwo-daytriptoZhenjiang,acityinJiangsu.Duringthetwo-dayevent,theyimmersedthemselvesinChina’sagriculturalhistoryandlearnedabout____36____(it)modernfarmingtechniques.ForAnneLaurenBeerfromBritain,a22-year-oldstudentatXi’anJiaotong-LiverpoolUniversity____37____Suzhou,thetripprovidedaglimpseintothecharmofcontemporaryruralChina.At____38____“smart”mushroomplantingbase,Beerwitnessedhow5Gtechnology____39____(enable)theautomatedcontrolofoptimalmushroom-growingconditions.Thestudentswerealsoinvitedtopickandcookmushroomson-site,____40____(enjoy)theflavorwhenitwasatitsfreshest.“I’mnotusuallyafanofmushroomsandsometimesfindthemunappealing,buttheseoneswere____41____(extreme)good.Itwashardnottolovethem,”Beersaid.Asanenvironmentalsciencestudent,BeerobservedthatmodernagricultureinChinaretainsthebenefitsof____42____(tradition)practiceswhileemphasizingenvironmentalconservation.Atanorganicfarm,shesawhowlocalfarmershadadaptedtraditionstoincorporatesustainablepractices,suchasavoidingpesticidesandensuringcrophealththroughdiverse____43____(seed)andtechnicalmethods.AngelinaLisovenko,____44____isa20-year-oldRussianstudentatJiangsuUniversity,gainednewinsightsintoChineseagriculturaltraditionsandshepointedoutthesignificanceofagricultureinbothRussian____45____Chineseculturesandeconomies.第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假如你是李华，你校英文报正在开展以“ABiteofMyHometown”为题的征文活动，请你写一篇短文投稿，向同学们介绍一道家乡美食。内容包括：1.这道美食的做法；2.鼓励大家亲自尝试。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。ABiteofMyHometown____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。“Youdon’thavetocome,youknow,”Leewhisperedangrily.Afewmonthsago,DadhadsuggestedtakingLeeandhisfriendsonadaytriptotheRockyMountainNationalPark.Itwasmeanttobeboysonly,butthenFatherdecidedatthelastminutetotakeFrankiealong.Nowshewasbaggage—herbrother’sunwantedbaggage.Dadsaid,“Listenup.Youneedtotakeresponsibili