2025年英语四级翻译真题试卷

2025年英语四级翻译真题试卷PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopicTheImpactofArtificialIntelligenceonCollegeStudents'Learning.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).NewsReportOneQuestions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)IthaslaunchedanewMarsprobe.B)IthasdiscoveredliquidwateronMars.C)Ithassuccessfullygrownplantsinspace.D)Ithasestablishedapermanentbaseonthemoon.2.A)Toprepareforhumancolonization.B)Tostudytheeffectsofradiation.C)Tofindsignsofancientlife.D)Totestnewplantingtechnologies.NewsReportTwoQuestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Thereleaseofaneweconomicpolicy.B)Theopeningofaglobaltourismsummit.C)Thedeclineininternationalairtravel.D)Theriseofdigitalcurrencypayments.4.A)Itwillboostthelocaleconomysignificantly.B)Itmightcauseshort-termtrafficcongestion.C)Itwillreplacetraditionalbankingsystems.D)Ithasbeencriticizedbyenvironmentalgroups.NewsReportThreeQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Asevereheatwavehittingthenorthwest.B)Arecord-breakingrainfallinthesouth.C)Asuddendropintemperaturenationwide.D)Awildfirespreadinginthenationalpark.6.A)5days.B)7days.C)10days.D)14days.7.A)Tostayindoorsandkeephydrated.B)Toevacuatetonearbyshelters.C)Towearheavyprotectiveclothing.D)Toavoidusingairconditioning.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ConversationOneQuestions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Heislookingforapart-timejob.B)Hewantstojoinastudentclub.C)Heisplanningasummertrip.D)Heneedshelpwithhisassignment.9.A)Organizingsocialevents.B)Managingthewebsite.C)Teachingforeignlanguages.D)Designingposters.10.A)Itrequiresworkingonweekends.B)Itoffersaflexibleschedule.C)Itprovidesfreemeals.D)Itinvolvesfrequenttravel.11.A)Submitanapplicationformonline.B)Sendhisresumetothewoman.C)Attendaninterviewtomorrow.D)Prepareashortpresentation.ConversationTwoQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Shecannotfindherlecturenotes.B)Shemissedthedeadlineforanessay.C)Sheisconfusedabouttheprofessor'stheory.D)Shefailedthemidtermexam.13.A)Itfocusestoomuchonabstractconcepts.B)Itisnotrelatedtoreal-lifesituations.C)Itistoodifficultforbeginners.D)Itcontradictspreviousresearch.14.A)Borrowingnotesfromclassmates.B)Readingthereferencebooks.C)Askingtheprofessorforclarification.D)Watchingonlinetutorialvideos.15.A)Atthelibrary.B)Atthecafeteria.C)Attheprofessor'soffice.D)Atthewoman'sdormitory.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Thehistoryofcoffeeconsumption.B)Thebenefitsofdrinkingtea.C)Theculturalsignificanceofteaceremonies.D)Theprocessofmakingcoffeebeans.17.A)Inthe9thcentury.B)Inthe16thcentury.C)Inthe17thcentury.D)Inthe19thcentury.18.A)Ithelpspeoplestayawake.B)Itcontainsessentialvitamins.C)Itaidsindigestion.D)Itreducesstresslevels.PassageTwoQuestions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theyareoftenlargerthanwildanimals.B)Theyhaveshorterlifespansthanwildanimals.C)Theyaresusceptibletohumandiseases.D)Theylosetheirnaturalsurvivalinstincts.20.A)Toprotectthemfrompredators.B)Toentertainthevisitors.C)Tostudytheirbehaviorincaptivity.D)Toincreasetheirpopulation.21.A)Releasingthembackintothewild.B)Buildinglargerenclosures.C)Providingthemwithtoys.D)Trainingthemtoperformtricks.22.A)Itisexpensiveandrisky.B)Itisbannedinmanycountries.C)Itistheonlysolutiontoextinction.D)Ithasaverylowsuccessrate.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A)Thedefinitionofhappiness.B)Thefactorsofsuccess.C)Theimportanceofgoals.D)Thepowerofpositivethinking.24.A)Wealthandfame.B)Goodrelationships.C)Highsocialstatus.D)Academicachievements.25.A)Bycomparingdifferentgroupsofpeople.B)Byanalyzinghistoricaldata.C)Byconductinglaboratoryexperiments.D)Byinterviewingsuccessfulindividuals.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptof"smartcities"hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsasurbanizationcontinuestoaccelerate.AsmartcityutilizesvarioustypesofelectronicInternetofThings(IoT)sensorstocollectdataandthenusetheseinsightstomanageassets,resources,andservicesefficiently.Oneoftheprimarygoalsistoimprovethequalityoflifeforcitizensbyenhancingsafety,26costs,andensuringsustainability.However,thetransitiontoasmartcityisnotwithoutchallenges.Privacyconcernsareattheforefront,asthe27ofdatainvolvesmonitoringindividuals'movementsandhabits.Criticsarguethatwithoutstrictregulations,thiscouldleadtoasurveillancestatewhereanonymityisimpossible.Furthermore,thereisasignificantdigitaldivide.Notallresidentshaveaccesstothenecessarytechnologyorthe28skillstonavigatetheseadvancedsystems.Thisinequalitycould29marginalizedcommunities,leavingthemfurtherbehind.Despitethesehurdles,thepotentialbenefitsarecompelling.Smarttrafficmanagementsystemscanreducecongestionby30real-timedatatoadjusttrafficsignals.Energygridscanbecomemoreefficientbybalancingsupplyanddemanddynamically.Wastemanagementcanbeoptimizedthroughsensorsthat31whenbinsarefull.Totrulysucceed,smartcityinitiativesmustbeinclusive.Plannersneedtoengagewiththecommunitytounderstandtheirneedsand32.Thisparticipatoryapproachensuresthattechnologyservesthepeopleratherthantheotherwayaround.Additionally,cybersecuritymustbeatopprioritytoprotectthe33infrastructurefrommaliciousattacks.Inconclusion,whilethepathtobecomingasmartcityiscomplex,itoffersapromisingvisionforthefutureofurbanliving.By34technologicalinnovationwithsocialresponsibility,citiescanbecomehubsofefficiencyand35.A)reducingB)collectingC)addressD)operationalE)widenF)literacyG)criticalH)detectI)combiningJ)exclusionK)prosperityL)concernsM)massiveN)collectionO)exacerbateSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowSleepDeprivationAffectstheBrain[A]Sleepisoftensacrificedinthepursuitofproductivity,buttheconsequencesonthebrainareprofound.Whilewesleep,thebrainisnotresting;instead,itisengagedinvitalactivitiessuchasconsolidatingmemoriesandclearingouttoxins.Theglymphaticsystem,whichwasrecentlydiscovered,actslikeawasteclearancesystem,removingneurotoxinsthataccumulateduringwakinghours.Withoutadequatesleep,thiscleaningprocessisdisrupted,leadingtoabuildupofharmfulproteins.[B]Oneofthemostimmediateeffectsofsleepdeprivationiscognitivedecline.Studieshaveshownthatevenonenightofpoorsleepcanimpairattention,alertness,andreasoning.Theprefrontalcortex,responsibleforhigher-ordercognitivefunctions,isparticularlysensitivetosleeploss.Thisexplainswhysleep-deprivedindividualsoftenstrugglewithcomplexdecision-makingandexhibitpoorjudgment.Thebrain'sabilitytoprocessnewinformationisalsocompromised,makinglearningdifficult.[C]Emotionalregulationisanothercasualtyofinsufficientsleep.Theamygdala,thepartofthebrainresponsibleforemotionalresponses,becomeshyperactivewhenwearetired.Atthesametime,theconnectionbetweentheamygdalaandtheprefrontalcortex,whichhelpscontrolemotionalreactions,weakens.Thisimbalanceleadstoincreasedirritability,anxiety,andstress.Peoplewhodonotgetenoughsleeparemorelikelytoreactnegativelytoneutralstimuliandhavelesscontrolovertheirimpulses.[D]Chronicsleepdeprivationhasbeenlinkedtolong-termmentalhealthissues.Researchindicatesastrongcorrelationbetweenpersistentlackofsleepandthedevelopmentofmooddisorderssuchasdepressionandanxiety.Therelationshipislikelybidirectional;mentalhealthproblemscancausesleepdisturbances,whichinturnexacerbatethesymptoms.Addressingsleephygieneisoftenacriticalcomponentoftreatmentplansfortheseconditions.[E]Theimpactextendsbeyondpsychologicalhealthtophysicalwell-being.Sleepdeprivationdisruptsthebalanceofhormonesthatcontrolappetite,namelyghrelinandleptin.Ghrelinlevelsincrease,stimulatinghunger,whileleptinlevelsdecrease,reducingthefeelingoffullness.Thishormonalshiftexplainswhypeoplewhoarechronicallytiredtendtocravehigh-caloriefoodsandareatahigherriskofobesity.[F]Furthermore,theimmunesystemreliesonsleeptofunctionoptimally.Duringsleep,thebodyproducescytokines,proteinsthattargetinfectionandinflammation.Sleepdeprivationreducestheproductionoftheseprotectivecytokinesaswellasinfection-fightingantibodies.Consequently,individualswhoaresleep-deprivedaremoresusceptibletocommonillnesseslikethecoldandflu,andtheirrecoverytimeisoftenlonger.[G]Thephenomenonofmicrosleepsisadangerousextremeresultofsleepdeprivation.Thesearebrief,uncontrollableepisodesofzoningoutthatlastforafewseconds.Theycanhappenwhenapersonisawakebutexhausted.Insituationsthatrequireconstantattention,suchasdrivingoroperatingmachinery,microsleepscanbefatal.Thebrainessentiallyforcesashutdowntorecover,evenifitisjustforamoment.[H]Tomitigatetheseeffects,expertsrecommendestablishingaconsistentsleepschedule.Goingtobedandwakingupatthesametimeeverydayhelpsregulatethebody'sinternalclock,orcircadianrhythm.Creatingarelaxingbedtimeroutine,avoidingscreensbeforebed,andensuringthesleepenvironmentisdarkandcoolarealsoeffectivestrategies.Prioritizingsleepisnotaluxurybutanecessityforbrainhealth.36.Theglymphaticsystemhelpsremovetoxinsfromthebrainduringsleep.37.Lackofsleepcanleadtopoorjudgmentanddifficultyinlearning.38.Sleepdeprivationweakenstheconnectionbetweentheamygdalaandtheprefrontalcortex.39.Peoplewhodonotsleepenougharemorelikelytosufferfromdepressionandanxiety.40.Thebalanceofhormonescontrollingappetiteisdisruptedbylackofsleep.41.Theproductionofcytokines,whichhelpfightinfection,isreducedduringsleepdeprivation.42.Microsleepsarebrief,uncontrollableepisodesthatcanbedangerouswhiledriving.43.Establishingaconsistentsleepschedulehelpsregulatethebody'sinternalclock.44.Theprefrontalcortexisparticularlysensitivetosleeploss.45.Chronicsleepdeprivationcanincreasetheriskofobesityduetohormonalchanges.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Intherealmofastrophysics,thediscoveryofexoplanets—planetsorbitingstarsoutsideoursolarsystem—hasrevolutionizedourunderstandingoftheuniverse.Forcenturies,astronomersspeculatedabouttheexistenceofotherworlds,butitwasnotuntilthe1990sthatthefirstexoplanetwasconfirmed.Sincethen,thousandshavebeendetected,usingmethodssuchasthetransitmethodandradialvelocitymeasurements.Thetransitmethodinvolvesobservingastar'sbrightnessdipasaplanetpassesinfrontofit.Thisrequiresprecisealignmentandismosteffectiveforfindinglargeplanetsclosetotheirstars.Ontheotherhand,theradialvelocitymethodlooksforthe"wobble"inastarcausedbythegravitationalpullofanorbitingplanet.Bothmethodshavelimitations,buttheyhavebeeninstrumentalinbuildingthecatalogofknownexoplanets.Oneofthemostintriguingquestionsinthisfieldisthepotentialforlifeonthesedistantworlds.Scientistsfocusonthe"habitablezone,"theregionaroundastarwhereconditionsmightberightforliquidwatertoexistonaplanet'ssurface.Liquidwaterisconsideredacrucialingredientforlifeasweknowit.However,thepresenceofwaterisnottheonlyfactor;theplanet'satmosphere,composition,andgeologicalactivityalsoplaysignificantroles.Recentadvancementsintelescopetechnology,suchastheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope,allowastronomerstoanalyzetheatmosphericcompositionofexoplanets.Bystudyingthelightpassingthroughanexoplanet'satmosphere,scientistscanlookforbiosignatures—gaseslikeoxygen,methane,orcarbondioxidethatcouldindicatebiologicalactivity.Whilenodefinitiveproofofextraterrestriallifehasbeenfoundyet,eachdiscoverybringsusclosertoansweringtheage-oldquestion:Arewealoneintheuniverse?Thesearchforexoplanetsisnotjustaboutfindinglife;italsohelpsusunderstandtheformationandevolutionofplanetarysystems.Bycomparingexoplanetstothoseinoursolarsystem,wecanlearnmoreabouttheuniquecharacteristicsofEarthandthemechanismsthatmakeithabitable.Thisknowledgeisvitalaswelooktothefutureandthepotentialforhumanexplorationbeyondourhomeplanet.46.Whatwasthesignificanceofthe1990sinastrophysics?A)Thefirsttelescopewasinvented.B)Theconceptofthehabitablezonewasintroduced.C)Thefirstexoplanetwasconfirmed.D)TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescopewaslaunched.47.Howdoesthetransitmethoddetectexoplanets?A)Bymeasuringthestar'sgravitationalpull.B)Byobservingadipinthestar'sbrightness.C)Byanalyzingtheplanet'satmosphere.D)Bydetectingradiowavesfromtheplanet.48.Whatisthe"habitablezone"?A)Aregionwherestarsareformed.B)Anareawithhighgravitationalpull.C)Aregionwhereliquidwatermightexist.D)Azonefreefromcosmicradiation.49.WhatdoestheJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeallowscientiststodo?A)Traveltoexoplanets.B)Mapthesurfaceofexoplanets.C)Analyzetheatmosphericcompositionofexoplanets.D)Communicatewithpotentialextraterrestriallife.50.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Thehistoryoftelescopetechnology.B)Themethodsforfindingexoplanetsandtheirimplications.C)Thedefinitiveproofoflifeonotherplanets.D)Theformationofoursolarsystem.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thesharingeconomyhasemergedasadisruptiveforceintheglobalmarket,challengingtraditionalbusinessmodelsacrossvarioussectors.CompanieslikeUberandAirbnbhavepioneeredthisshiftbycreatingplatformsthatconnectindividualswhohaveassets(cars,rooms)withthosewhoneedthemtemporarily.Thispeer-to-peermodelreliesheavilyontechnology,specificallymobileappsandratingsystems,tofacilitatetrustandtransactions.Proponentsofthesharingeconomyarguethatitpromotesefficiencyandsustainability.Byutilizingunderusedassets,itreducestheneedfornewproduction,whichcanlowerresourceconsumptionandwaste.Forexample,car-sharingservicescandecreasethenumberofvehiclesontheroad,potentiallyalleviatingtrafficcongestionandreducingcarbonemissions.Additionally,itprovidesflexibleincomeopportunitiesforindividuals,allowingthemtomonetizetheirpossessionsortimeontheirownterms.However,theriseofthesharingeconomyhasnotbeenwithoutcontroversy.Criticspointtoregulatoryissues,asmanyoftheseplatformsoperateinalegalgrayarea.Traditionaltaxiservicesandhotelsarguethatsharingeconomycompetitorsoftenavoidthecostsandregulationsimposedonestablishedindustries,creatinganunevenplayingfield.Issuesregardinglaborrightsarealsoprominent;driversandhostsareoftenclassifiedasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees,whichmeanstheymaylackbenefitslikehealthinsuranceandpaidleave.Furthermore,thereareconcernsabouttheimpactonlocalcommunities.Inpopulartouristdestinations,theproliferationofshort-termrentalscandriveuphousingpricesanddisplacelong-termresidents.Thisphenomenon,sometimesreferredtoas"touristification,"altersthesocialfabricofneighborhoods,turningresidentialareasintotransientzonesdevoidofcommunitycohesion.Despitethesechallenges,thesharingeconomycontinuestogrowandevolve.Somecitieshavestartedimplementingregulationstoleveltheplayingfieldandprotectconsumersandworkers.Forinstance,requiringlicensesforshort-termrentalsorsettingminimumwagestandardsforgigworkers.Thefutureofthesharingeconomywilllikelydependonfindingabalancebetweeninnovationandregulation,ensuringthatitsbenefitsarewidelysharedwithoutcompromisingsocialequity.51.Whatisthecoremechanismofthesharingeconomy?A)Directsalesbetweencompaniesandconsumers.B)Government-ownedplatformsforassetdistribution.C)Peer-to-peerconnectionviatechnology.D)Traditionalmanufacturingprocesses.52.Accordingtoproponents,whatisanenvironmentalbenefitofthesharingeconomy?A)Itincreasestheproductionofnewassets.B)Itreducesresourceconsumptionandwaste.C)Iteliminatestheneedforpublictransport.D)Itpromotesthepurchaseofprivatecars.53.Whydotraditionalbusinessescriticizethesharingeconomy?A)Theybelieveitcreatesanunevenplayingfieldregardingregulations.B)Theydisliketheuseofmobileapps.C)Theycannotcompetewiththelowprices.D)Theythinkitisinefficient.54.Whatisthenegativeimpactofshort-termrentalsonlocalcommunitiesmentionedinthepassage?A)Decreaseintourismrevenue.B)Lowerqualityofhousing.C)Riseinhousingpricesanddisplacementofresidents.D)Increasedcrimerates.55.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestisnecessaryforthefutureofthesharingeconomy?A)Completederegulationtoallowfreegrowth.B)Abanonallpeer-to-peerplatforms.C)Abalancebetweeninnovationandregulation.D)Replacingitwithtraditionalbusinessmodels.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.二十四节气是中国古代订立的一种用来指导农事的补充历法。它是根据太阳在黄道上的位置划分的，反映了季节、气候和物候的变化。二十四节气不仅对农业生产有重要指导意义，还深刻影响着中国人的日常生活和文化习俗。例如，清明节既是扫墓祭祖的节日，也是人们踏青郊游的好时光。冬至是北半球全年中白昼最短、黑夜最长的一天，families通常会团聚吃饺子。这一古老的时间体系体现了中国人尊重自然、顺应天时的智慧。***AnswerKeyandExplanationsPartIWritingTheImpactofArtificialIntelligenceonCollegeStudents'LearningArtificialIntelligence(AI)israpidlytransformingvarioussectors,andhighereducationisnoexception.TheimpactofAIoncollegestudents'learningisprofound,offeringbothsignificantopportunitiesandnotablechallenges.Ontheonehand,AItools,suchasintelligenttutoringsystemsandlanguagelearningapps,providepersonalizedlearningexperiences.Studentscanaccessvastamountsofinformationandreceiveinstantfeedback,whichenhancesefficiencyandcomprehension.Forinstance,AIcanhelpidentifyastudent'sweakpointsandsuggesttailoredexercises,enablingself-pacedlearning.Ontheotherhand,over-relianceonAImighthindercriticalthinking.IfstudentsuseAItogenerateessaysorsolveproblemswithoutunderstandingtheunderlyinglogic,theircognitivedevelopmentcouldbestunted.Furthermore,theaccuracyofAI-generatedcontentisnotalwaysguaranteed,requiringstudentstopossessstrongdiscernmentskills.Inconclusion,AIactsasadouble-edgedswordforcollegestudents.Whileitservesasapowerfulassistanttofacilitatelearning,studentsmustuseitwiselytoensureitcomplementsratherthanreplacestheirintellectualefforts.PartIIListeningComprehensionNewsReportOne1.A)IthaslaunchedanewMarsprobe.Explanation:Thenewsreportmentionsthespaceagency'slatestmissioninvolvinganewprobedesignedtoexploretheMartiansurface.2.C)Tofindsignsofancientlife.Explanation:TheprimaryscientificgoalstatedinthereportistosearchforbiosignaturesorevidencethatlifemayhaveexistedonMarsbillionsofyearsago.NewsReportTwo3.B)Theopeningofaglobaltourismsummit.Explanation:Thereportcoverstheopeningceremonyofamajorsummitfocusedonrevitalizingtheglobaltourismindustrypost-pandemic.4.A)Itwillboostthelocaleconomysignificantly.Explanation:Expertsquotedinthereportpredictthattheinfluxofdelegatesandtouristswillprovideasubstantialeconomicboosttothehostcity.NewsReportThree5.A)Asevereheatwavehittingthenorthwest.Explanation:Themeteorologicalofficehasissuedwarningsforunusuallyhightemperaturesinthenorthwesternregion.6.C)10days.Explanation:Theheatwaveisexpectedtolastforapproximately10daysbeforetemperaturesreturntonormallevels.7.A)Tostayindoorsandkeephydrated.Explanation:Healthofficialsareadvisingresidents,especiallythevulnerable,tostayindoorsduringpeakhoursanddrinkplentyofwater.ConversationOne8.A)Heislookingforapart-timejob.Explanation:Themanasksaboutvacanciesinthestudentunion,indicatingheisseekingemployment.9.B)Managingthewebsite.Explanation:Thewomanmentionsthattheyspecificallyneedsomeonewithwebdevelopmentskillstoupdateandmanagetheirsite.10.B)Itoffersaflexibleschedule.Explanation:Thewomanhighlightsthatthepositionallowsthestudenttochoosehisworkinghoursaslongasdeadlinesaremet.11.C)Attendaninterviewtomorrow.Explanation:Theapplicationprocessrequiresthecandidatetocomeinforabriefinterviewthefollowingday.ConversationTwo12.C)Sheisconfusedabouttheprofessor'stheory.Explanation:Thewomanexpressesdifficultyunderstandingaspecifictheorydiscussedinthesociologylecture.13.A)Itfocusestoomuchonabstractconcepts.Explanation:Shecomplainsthatthetheoryistootheoreticalandlacksconcreteexamples,makingithardtograsp.14.C)Askingtheprofessorforclarification.Explanation:Themansuggeststhatthebestcourseofactionistovisittheprofessorduringofficehourstoaskforasimplerexplanation.15.A)Atthelibrary.Explanation:Theconversationendswiththemagreeingtomeetatthelibrarytostudytogetherlater.PassageOne16.A)Thehistoryofcoffeeconsumption.Explanation:Thepassagetracestheoriginsandspreadofcoffee,mentioningitsdiscoveryinEthiopiaanditsjourneytotheArabworldandEurope.17.A)Inthe9thcentury.Explanation:HistoricalrecordscitedinthepassageplacethediscoveryofcoffeebeansbygoatsinEthiopiaaroundthe9thcentury.18.A)Ithelpspeoplestayawake.Explanation:ThepassagenotesthatcoffeewasinitiallyconsumedbySufimonkstostayawakeduringlate-nightprayers.PassageTwo19.D)Theylosetheirnaturalsurvivalinstincts.Explanation:Thespeakermentionsthatanimalsbredincaptivityoftenlackthehuntingandsurvivalskillsnecessaryforlifeinthewild.20.C)Tostudytheirbehaviorincaptivity.Explanation:Oneargumentforzoosisthattheyallowscientiststoobserveanimalbehaviorclosely,whichisdifficulttodointhewild.21.A)Releasingthembackintothewild.Explanation:Thepassagediscusses"reintroductionprograms"aimedatreturningcaptive-bredanimalstotheirnaturalhabitats.22.D)Ithasaverylowsuccessrate.Explanation:Thespeakerpointsoutthatmanyreintroductioneffortsfailbecausetheanimalsstruggletoadaptorsurvive.PassageThree23.A)Thedefinitionofhappiness.Explanation:Thepsychologistdiscussesdifferentwaystodefineandmeasurehappiness,challengingthecommonnotionthatitissolelyaboutpleasure.24.B)Goodrelationships.Explanation:Thelong-termstudymentionedinthepassagefoundthatthequalityofrelationshipsisthestrongestpredictorofhappinessandhealth.25.A)Bycomparingdifferentgroupsofpeople.Explanation:Theresearcherstrackedthelivesofhundredsofmenfordecades,comparingtheirlifeoutcomeswiththeirreportedhappinesslevels.PartIIIReadingComprehensionSectionA26.D)operationalExplanation:"Operationalcosts"isacommonbusinessterm.Thecontextreferstomanagingassetsefficiently.27.N)collectionExplanation:Thephrase"collectionofdata"fitsthecontextofIoTsensorsgatheringinformation.28.F)literacyExplanation:"Digitalliteracy"referstotheskillsneededtousedigitaltechnology,fittingthecontextofnavigatingadvancedsystems.29.O)exacerbateExplanation:"Exacerbate"meanstomakeaproblemworse.Theinequalitycouldworsenthesituationformarginalizedcommunities.30.B)collectingExplanation:Systemscollectdatatomakeadjustments.31.H