北京市东城区2026届高三下学期一模英语试题 含解析

北京市东城区2025-2026学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）英语本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。HavingbravedaChicagosnowstormandrush-hourtraffic,Idraggedmylargesuitcasethroughthe____1____.Therewerepeople,bags,packages,babies,andsourfaces.Threehours.That’showlongmyflightwasdelayed.Theonlyseatsnearmygatewerenexttootherpeople,andIwas____2____otherpeople.Isatonthefloor,foldedmyarmsacrossmychestand____3____alookofquietanger.Nearby,aladywithashoppingbagtookaseatnexttoanotherladywithashoppingbagfromthesamestore.Thefirstoneintroducedherself,openedherbagandrootedthroughtissuepaper.“25%off!”shesaid,takingoutabowl.“33%off!”saidtheother,____4____aplate.Theylaughedandstartedchatteringaway.Thesoundofsuchinsincerecompanywasdeeply____5____.Apassengerlookinglikeabusinessmansatbehindthemandsaidsomething.Theladieseruptedinlaughter.Soon,apurple-hairedyoungmanpulledoffhisearphonesandstartedlisteningin.Thishappygrouphada

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conversationgoing.Mustbenice,Iallowed.Ifyoulikethatshallow____7____.Afteranhour,mybackhurt.Igotupandtooktheseatnexttotheyoungman,whowastellingafunnyjoke.Thebusinessmancaughtmyeyeandsaid,“Don’tIknowyoufromsomewhere?”We____8____travelnotesandfoundnointersections.Heinvitedmeinanyway.Ihadtoexchangestorieswiththem:Forgottenluggage.Epicdelays.Missedconnections.____9____,somethingwarmwastakingplace:wewerestuckbuthavingareallygreattime.Itwasthreehoursmorebeforeourplanearrived.Whenitcametimetoboard,wewalkedslowlybehindourfellowtravelers.Theyoungmancarriedthetwoladies’bags.Wewerequietnow,havingnoideawhattosay.Oneoftheladiesbrokethesilence:“Doyouthinkweshouldhavea____10____sometime?”1.A.city B.airport C.shops D.streets2.A.outoftouchwith B.indoubtabout C.onpoortermswith D.innomoodfor3.A.changed B.adopted C.caught D.expected4.A.cleaningout B.diggingout C.givingout D.cuttingout5.A.annoying B.heartbreaking C.harmful D.disappointing6.A.meaningful B.refreshing C.serious D.regular7.A.opinion B.trust C.friendship D.understanding8.A.compared B.collected C.consulted D.updated9.A.Similarly B.Predictably C.Interestingly D.Logically10.A.conversation B.flight C.reunion D.wish【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.B5.A6.B7.C8.A9.C10.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在机场因航班延误心情烦躁，后被一群陌生人的愉快交流感染，最终与他们建立起短暂却温暖的友谊的故事。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：冒着芝加哥的暴风雪和高峰期交通，我拖着大箱子穿过机场。A.city城市；B.airport机场；C.shops商店；D.streets街道。根据后文“myflightwasdelayed”可知，地点是机场。故选B。【2题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我登机口附近仅有的座位都挨着别人，而我没心情理会别人。A.outoftouchwith与……失去联系；B.indoubtabout对……怀疑；C.onpoortermswith与……关系不好；D.innomoodfor对……没兴致。根据前文“Threehours.That’showlongmyflightwasdelayed.”及后文“Isatonthefloor”和“quietanger”可知，作者航班延误，心情极差，不想与人接触。故选D。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我坐在地上，双臂交叉抱在胸前，摆出一副平静愤怒的表情。A.changed改变；B.adopted采取，呈现；C.caught抓住；D.expected期待。根据后文“alookofquietanger”可知，作者摆出一副平静愤怒的表情，“adoptalook”为固定搭配，意为“摆出/呈现某种表情”。故选B。【4题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：另一位女士掏出一个盘子说道：“（打了）六七折！”A.cleaningout清理；B.diggingout挖出，翻出；C.givingout分发；D.cuttingout切断。根据前文对应“rootedthroughtissuepaper”可知，此处表示同样从包里翻出物品。故选B。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种虚假的陪伴声让人深感恼火。A.annoying令人恼怒的；B.heartbreaking令人心碎的；C.harmful有害的；D.disappointing令人失望的。根据前文“alookofquietanger”及““25%off!”shesaid”和““33%off!”saidtheother”和“Thesoundofsuchinsincerecompany”可知，作者当时心情极差，且认为她们的交流不真诚，因此觉得很烦人。故选A。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个快乐的群体展开了一场令人耳目一新的交谈。A.meaningful有意义的；B.refreshing令人耳目一新的；C.serious严肃的；D.regular定期的。根据前文““25%off!”shesaid”和““33%off!”saidtheother”及“Theladieseruptedinlaughter”可知，这群人从购物聊到笑话，气氛轻松愉快，与作者之前的烦躁形成对比。故选B。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我心想，那一定不错吧——如果你喜欢这种肤浅的友谊。A.opinion观点；B.trust信任；C.friendship友谊；D.understanding理解。根据前文“Apassengerlookinglikeabusinessmansatbehindthemandsaidsomething”及“Soon,apurple-hairedyoungmanpulledoffhisearphonesandstartedlisteningin”可知，作者看到陌生人迅速热络聊天，认为这种快速建立的关系是表面、不牢固的，即肤浅的。故选C。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们比对了旅行信息，发现（行程）没有交集。A.compared比较，比对；B.collected收集；C.consulted咨询；D.updated更新。根据前文““Don’tIknowyoufromsomewhere?””及后文“foundnointersections”可知，二人对比、交流了旅行信息。故选A。【9题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，一些温暖的事情正在发生：我们被困住了，却玩得很开心。A.Similarly相似地；B.Predictably可预见地；C.Interestingly有趣地是；D.Logically逻辑上。根据前文“Thesoundofsuchinsincerecompanywasdeeply”及后文“wewerestuckbuthavingareallygreattime”可知，作者从一开始的抗拒、不屑，到后来融入其中并感到快乐，这种转变很有趣。故选C。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一位女士打破沉默：“我们以后是不是该聚一聚？”A.conversation对话；B.flight航班；C.reunion团聚，聚会；D.wish愿望。根据前文“Whenitcametimetoboard”可知，众人因延误结下友谊，分别时提议未来再次见面。故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Onedaywhenagroupofbees____11____(land)onaprimaryschool,notsurprisingly,therewaspanicamongtheteachers.Though,mostofthechildrenwatchedexcitedlyasabeecatcherroundeduptheuninvitedvisitors.Thisunexpectedeventledtotheschoolintegratingbeekeepingintothecourse,____12____hasresultedinnotablebenefits.Thechildrenstudythedanceofthebeestodecide____13____honeysourceis.Theyusehoneyincookinglessons.Theyhaveevenopenedaschoolshopthat____14____(feature)honey.Mostofall,thechildrenhavebecomemoreresponsibletoothers.【答案】11.landed12.which13.where14.features【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一群蜜蜂降落在一所小学后，引发的一系列事件，以及这些事件给学校和孩子们带来的积极影响。【11题详解】考查时态。句意：一天，当一群蜜蜂降落在一所小学时，不出所料，老师们惊慌失措。land(降落)是句中谓语动词，与主语agroupofbees之间是主动关系，根据句意和上下文时态可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时态。故填landed。【12题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这一意外事件促使学校将养蜂纳入课程，这带来了显著的好处。空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。【13题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：孩子们通过观察蜜蜂的舞蹈来判断蜜源在哪里。“honeysourceis”是宾语从句，从句缺少表语，结合句意，表示“在哪里”，应用连接副词where引导该从句。故填where。【14题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他们甚至开了一家以蜂蜜为特色的学校商店。feature(以……为特色)是定语从句中谓语动词，主语that(指代先行词aschoolshop)与feature之间是主动关系，根据句意，描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数代词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。故填features。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。SpacesuitsareimportantifyouleaveEarth’sprotectiveatmosphere.Spacesuitsshouldallowexcellent

____15____

(free)ofmovementforthewearers,whomayoftengoonspacewalksoutsidetheirshiptoperformdelicateequipmentrepairsallby____16____(they).Italsohelpsthatthespacesuitisquicktoputonincaseofanemergency.Anditshouldprovideafulllife-supportsystemtomaintaininternalairandtemperatureaswellasattendtotheneedsoffood,waterandotherbodilyfunctions.Overtheyears,variousspacesuits____17____(design)tomeetthesecriteria.【答案】15.freedom16.themselves17.havebeendesigned【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了宇航服在太空活动中的重要作用，以及它需要具备的活动自由度、生命支持系统等关键要求，还有多年来为此设计出的各类宇航服。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：宇航服应当让穿戴者拥有极佳的活动自由度，他们经常需要在飞船外进行太空行走，独自完成精密的设备维修。形容词excellent后需要接名词，free的名词形式是freedom，表示抽象概念是不可数名词。作宾语。故填freedom。【16题详解】考查反身代词。句意同上。固定短语allbyoneself表示“独自，单独”，此处指代wearers，应用第三人称复数反身代词。故填themselves。【17题详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：多年来，人们已经设计出了各种各样的宇航服来满足这些标准。时间状语Overtheyears常与现在完成时连用，且spacesuits与design之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语spacesuits是复数。故填havebeendesigned。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。____18____(lead)asatisfyinglife,it’snotnecessaryformetopursuegrandexperiences;instead,thesmall,everydayjoysholdthemostvalue.Whetherit’senjoyingacupofteaorsharingalaughwithfriends,thesemomentscontributetomysenseofwell-being.Through____19____(appreciate)thesesmallpleasuresIfeelmoreconnectedtotheworldandenhancemysenseofhappiness.Thesesimplepleasurescanbefoundinourdailyroutines,fromthesightsandsoundsofnaturetothewarmthofhumanconnection.Ifweintegratethesesmalljoysintoourlife,wewilldevelopgreaterenthusiasm____20____thepresent.【答案】18.Tolead19.appreciating20.for【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者表达了自己对生活态度的思考，认为生活中简单的小快乐更有价值。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：要过上令人满意的生活，我不必追求那些宏大的经历；相反，那些日常的小乐趣才最有价值。该空所给动词lead在句中作目的状语，应使用动词不定式形式，并注意句首字母大写。故填Tolead。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过感恩这些小小的快乐，我感觉与这个世界的关系更加紧密，也增强了我的幸福感。所给动词appreciate在句中作介词through的宾语，应使用动名词形式。故填appreciating。【20题详解】考查介词。句意：如果我们将这些小乐趣融入到生活中，我们就会对当下产生更大的热情。名词enthusiasm搭配介词for……表示“对……的热情”作后置定语。故填for。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWearelookingfor15internationaland15ChineseyoungparticipantsfortheupcomingeditionofthecourseManagingWorldHeritage:People,Nature,andCulture.ThiscoursespecificallytargetsyoungindividualsworkingataspecificculturalornaturalWorldHeritageproperty,orinstitutionswithresponsibilitiesrelatedtomanagingWorldHeritageproperties.Applicationsareopentoallregions.Whatisthecontentofthecourse?Thecourseprovidesageneraloverviewofwhatconstitutesaworldheritagemanagementsystem,enablingparticipantstoassessitseffectivenessinarapidlychangingworld.Duringthecourse,participantswillbeintroducedtokeytoolsandresourcestoimprovemanagement,planning,anddecision-makingprocessesatWorldHeritagepropertiesandotherheritageplaces.Participantswillalsosharetheirprofessionalexperienceandlearnfromeachother.Wherewillthecoursetakeplace?ThecoursewilltakeplaceinSuzhou,China,from15to21September2026.ParticipantswillhavethechancetovisitandlearnmoreaboutthemanagementoftheWorldHeritagepropertyandgaininsightintotheChineseWorldHeritagemanagementsystem.Whatarethecostsofparticipation?Thereisnocoursefee.Participantswillberesponsiblefortheirround-triptravelcoststoandfromSuzhou,Chinaandanyvisacosts.Accommodations,mealsandtransportationwillbeprovidedbylocalorganizers.Howtoapplyforthiscourse?Pleasesubmityourapplicationby31July2026.Theapplicationprocessisasfollows:●completetheonlineapplicationforminEnglish●uploadapersonalphoto●uploadyourprofilewhichhighlightsyourmostrelevantexperience(inEnglish;maximumtwopages)Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseemailusatwhl@PNC26.org.21.Whoisthecourseintendedfor?A.Internationalstudents. B.Heritageprofessionals.C.Culturalproductdesigners. D.Managementcolumneditors.22.Whatwilltheparticipantsdoduringthecourse?A.Learnaboutprofessionaltools. B.Shareoccupationalresources.C.Assesstheworldheritagesites. D.Carryoutmanagementpractices.23.Toapplyforthecourse,oneisrequiredto________.A.submitaprofilewithaphotoB.introducerelatedexperienceC.writeanapplicationletteronlineD.sendanemailtowhl@PNC26.org【答案】21.B22.A23.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了“管理世界遗产：人、自然与文化”课程的相关信息，包括目标学员、课程内容、举办地点、费用以及申请方式等。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“ThiscoursespecificallytargetsyoungindividualsworkingataspecificculturalornaturalWorldHeritageproperty,orinstitutionswithresponsibilitiesrelatedtomanagingWorldHeritageproperties.(本课程专门面向在特定文化或自然世界遗产地工作，或在负责世界遗产地管理的机构中工作的年轻人士)”可知，该课程的目标学员是在遗产地工作的专业人士。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据“Whatisthecontentofthecourse?”部分中“Duringthecourse,participantswillbeintroducedtokeytoolsandresourcestoimprovemanagement,planning,anddecision-makingprocessesatWorldHeritagepropertiesandotherheritageplaces.(在课程期间，参与者将了解关键的工具和资源，以改善世界遗产地和其他遗产地的管理、规划和决策过程)”可知，参与者将在课程期间学习专业工具和资源。故选A项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据“Howtoapplyforthiscourse?”部分中“Theapplicationprocessisasfollows:·completetheonlineapplicationforminEnglish·uploadapersonalphoto·uploadyourprofilewhichhighlightsyourmostrelevantexperience(inEnglish;maximumtwopages)(申请流程如下：·填写英文在线申请表·上传个人照片·上传突出你最相关经历的简历（英文；最多两页）)”可知，申请该课程需要提交介绍相关经历的简历。故选B项。BGlancingattheauthor’scopyofthebookonthedesk,IamremindedofhowlongithastakentogettothispointasIamconfirmingthearrangementsforoneofthepromotionaleventsscheduledformyfourthnon-fictionworkonart.Iactuallystartedprofessionalwritingfairlylateinlife,afterworkingforthelocalcouncilformanyyears.AlthoughIwasintoliterature,itwasforpersonalenjoyment.DuringmyteenageyearsIsometimeswrotefortheschoolmagazine,justforfun.Later,thisinterestdevelopedintoastrongerdesireforrecognition,and,I’dspendmonthstypingtextsandsendingthemofftomagazinesandpublishers,anxiouslyawaitingaresponsethatoftennevercame.Ihavealsohadapassionforart.Wanderingaroundgalleriesisanabsolutepleasureforme,althoughIdon’thaveanartisticboneinmybody,unlikemytwinsister,Louisa,whoisremarkablygiftedandhaslaunchedacareerasanartist.OneeveningshecalledtosayshewasstrugglingwiththetextforanupcomingexhibitionbrochureandaskedifIcouldgiveherahand.IwarnedherthatI’dgiveitatry.LaterthateveningImanagedtoproducesomethingthatIthoughtmightbeacceptableandemailedittoher.Itwasarealsuccessandsetthewheelsinmotiontoturnmydreamintoareality.Oneoftheguestsattheopeningnightwasaneditorworkingforanonlineartsmagazine.Havingbeenimpressedbymypiecedescribingtheexhibitioninthebrochure,shemanagedtotrackmedown,firstbycontactingthegalleryandthenmysister.Well,tobehonest,Ididn’tknowwhattothinkandtheprospectofmeetingwithherfilledmewithfear.QuestionscamefloodingthroughmymindandIimmediatelymessagedmysister,whostronglyurgedmetoseizetheopportunity.SoIfiredoffanacceptanceemailbeforeIhadtheopportunitytochangemymindagain.OverthefollowingmonthsIdevotedeverysparemomentofmytimetoattendingexhibitionsandcraftingcommentaryarticlesontheregion’sartists.Ihavetoadmitthatthewholethingwasexciting.Mybrainwasconstantlyfilledwithideas,andIenjoyedwatchingthemtakeshapeasItypedintothenightonmylaptop.Afterthatfirstsummer,Iwashookedonwritingaboutart,whichwassoenjoyableandsatisfying.Definitely,itwaswhatIshouldbedoing.24.Whentheauthorwasyoung,she______.A.hadatalentforart B.ranaschoolmagazineC.foundwritinginteresting D.wonrecognitionfrompublishers25.Receivinghersister’srequestforhelp,theauthorwas______.A.cautious B.touched C.relieved D.uninterested26.Whatfinallyencouragedtheauthortoaccepttheeditor’soffer?A.Herpassionforart. B.Confidencefromsuccess.C.Theeditor’senthusiasm. D.Thepushfromhersister.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Everyendisafreshbeginning.B.Talentisbornfromconsistenteffort.C.Unexpectedturnsinlifemaybringgifts.D.Lifelonglearningleadstopersonalgrowth.【答案】24.C25.A26.D27.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从为个人兴趣写作到因偶然机会为妹妹撰写展览文案，从而开启了艺术写作职业生涯的故事。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“DuringmyteenageyearsIsometimeswrotefortheschoolmagazine,justforfun.(在我青少年时期，我有时为校刊写作，只是为了好玩)”可知，作者年轻时觉得写作很有趣。故选C项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“OneeveningshecalledtosayshewasstrugglingwiththetextforanupcomingexhibitionbrochureandaskedifIcouldgiveherahand.

IwarnedherthatI’dgiveitatry.(一天晚上，她打电话来，说她正在为即将出版的展览宣传册的文字苦苦挣扎，问我能否帮她一把。我提醒她我会试一试)”可知，作者在答应帮助妹妹时有所保留，态度是谨慎的。故选A项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Iimmediatelymessagedmysister,whostronglyurgedmetoseizetheopportunity.SoIfiredoffanacceptanceemailbeforeIhadtheopportunitytochangemymindagain.(我立刻给妹妹发了信息，她强烈敦促我抓住这个机会。于是我趁自己还没来得及再次改变主意，火速发出了接受邮件)”可知，最终鼓励作者接受编辑邀请的是来自妹妹的推动。故选D项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段中“Idon’thaveanartisticboneinmybody,unlikemytwinsister,Louisa,whoisremarkablygiftedandhaslaunchedacareerasanartist.(与我的双胞胎妹妹Louisa不同，我没有任何艺术天赋，她却极具天赋并开启了艺术家的职业生涯)”、第五段中“Oneoftheguestsattheopeningnightwasaneditorworkingforanonlineartsmagazine.Havingbeenimpressedbymypiecedescribingtheexhibitioninthebrochure,shemanagedtotrackmedown(开幕之夜的一位嘉宾是一家在线艺术杂志的编辑。她被我在宣传册中描述展览的文章所打动，设法找到了我)”和第六段中“Afterthatfirstsummer,Iwashookedonwritingaboutart,whichwassoenjoyableandsatisfying.Definitely,itwaswhatIshouldbedoing.(在那个夏天之后，我迷上了艺术写作，这是如此令人愉快和满足。毫无疑问，这正是我应该做的事情)”可知，作者原本没有艺术天赋和写作职业背景，却因帮助妹妹撰写展览文案而偶然获得编辑赏识，最终走上了艺术写作的职业道路。这表明人生中意想不到的转折可能会带来惊喜的礼物。故C项“Unexpectedturnsinlifemaybringgifts.(人生中意想不到的转折可能会带来礼物)”能概括文章内容，最适合作为本文的主旨。故选C项。CWhomwouldyoutrustmore:anexpertwhoseemstohavealloftheanswersoronewhoadmitswhathedoesn’tknow?Wehavespentthepastfiveyearsstudyingthatquestion.Ourresearchwassparkedbyatensionwebothnoticedearlyinouracademiccareers.Ourgraduatestudiesmadeusdeeplyawareofhowlittleweknewaboutourrespectiveresearchareas,evenaswedevelopedspecializedknowledgeinthesefields.Scholarscallthisparticularvarietyofself-awareness“intellectualhumility”,andit’ssomethingwesuspectmanyexpertsencounterastheytransitionintoanewrole.Ontheotherhand,barelyanyoneseemedtoexpectustobeintellectuallyhumbleinourthennewpositions.Peopleseemedtoengagewithusasknow-it-all,capital-Eexpertswhocouldconfidentlyansweranyquestionsthatwereevenremotelyrelatedtoourspecialties.Thescariestpartwasthatwecouldhaveeasilyexploitedtheseopportunitiestoshareouropinionsontopicswellbeyondourexpertise.Theseexperiencesgotusthinkingaboutintellectualhumilityamongexperts,whichislinkedwithmanydesirablebehaviors,includingconsideringothers’perspectives,andbeingbetteratconflictresolution.Conversely,whenexpertsclaimtoknowmorethantheyactuallydo,thisisnotonlytheabandonmentoftrustbutalsopotentiallydisastrousintermsofpromotingpublicconversation.Giventhesehighstakes,wedesignedaseriesofstudiestounderstandhowpeoplethinkaboutexpertise.Weasked100participantstofreelydescribetheirunderstandingofexpertise,analyzedabout200relatedpostsontheInternet,andasked700onlineparticipantstotackleawordsortingtaskinwhichtheyidentifiedandgroupeddifferenttermssuchas“knowledge”or“qualifications”intobroaderperspectivesonexpertise.Theresultssuggestedthatmostpeopleassumethatexceptionalknowledgeisadefiningfeatureofexpertise.Thethoughtthatexpertiseisdefinedbysolvingproblemsandgettingresultswasalsoarepeatedtendency.Atfirstglance,there’snothingwrongwithusingqualificationsandademonstratedrecordofovercomingproblemstoexaminesomeone’spositionasanexpert.Onsecondthought,theseunderstandingsofexpertisemayleavesomepeopledefenselesstoperceivingexpertiseinthosewhoonlyappeartoknowtheirstuff.Thesepeopleareexpectedtomovefromsimplisticunderstandingsofwhatmakesanexperttomorethoughtfulones.Infutureresearch,wewanttoseeifit’spossibletocreatemoresubstantialchangesinhowpeopleunderstandexpertise—changesthatlastforweeks,monthsandpotentiallyyears.Itremainstobeconfirmedwhetherhelpingpeopleprizeintellectualhumilityinexpertsmightmakethembetteratdetectingwhensomeoneisoversteppingbeyondtheboundariesoftheirexpertise,andaccordinglyensurethathumbleexperts,whoareawareofandadmitthelimitsoftheirexpertise,aretheretohelphumanityaddressourworld’smostpressingchallenges.28.Asforpeople’sperceptionofexperts,theauthoris______.A.supportive B.puzzled C.tolerant D.sceptical29.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresultsofpresentstudies?A.Expertiseencouragesaknow-it-allmindset.B.Expertsfailtoliveuptopeople’sexpectation.C.Intellectualhumilityspringsfrompublicbelief.D.Problem-solvingabilityrankshighinexpertise.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Humilityamongexpertsshouldbepromoted.B.Abettermodeltoassesshumilityisexpected.C.Refiningjudgmentonexpertsneedscontinuedexploration.D.Tacklingurgentissuesreliesonhumbleexperts’jointefforts.【答案】28.D29.D30.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人们对专家的认知方式，指出人们通常认为专业知识是专家的核心特征，而忽略了“智力谦逊”的重要性，并呼吁进一步研究如何帮助人们更全面地理解专家品质。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Theresultssuggestedthatmostpeopleassumethatexceptionalknowledgeisadefiningfeatureofexpertise.Thethoughtthatexpertiseisdefinedbysolvingproblemsandgettingresultswasalsoarepeatedtendency.(结果表明，大多数人认为卓越的知识是专业知识的决定性特征。认为专业知识是通过解决问题和取得成果来定义的这一想法也是一种反复出现的倾向)”以及第六段中“Onsecondthought,theseunderstandingsofexpertisemayleavesomepeopledefenselesstoperceivingexpertiseinthosewhoonlyappeartoknowtheirstuff.Thesepeopleareexpectedtomovefromsimplisticunderstandingsofwhatmakesanexperttomorethoughtfulones.(再一想，这些对专业知识的理解可能会让一些人在面对那些只是看似懂行的人时，无法辨别其真正的专业水平。这些人应该从对专家特质的简单化理解转向更深思熟虑的理解)”可知，作者认为人们目前对专家的认知过于简单化(只看重知识)，容易被表面现象迷惑，需要转向更深入的思考。由此可推断出作者对人们当前认知专家的方式持怀疑态度。。故选D项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Theresultssuggestedthatmostpeopleassumethatexceptionalknowledgeisadefiningfeatureofexpertise.Thethoughtthatexpertiseisdefinedbysolvingproblemsandgettingresultswasalsoarepeatedtendency.(结果表明，大多数人认为卓越的知识是专业知识的决定性特征。认为专业知识是由解决问题和取得成果来定义的观点也是一种反复出现的倾向)”可知，研究结果表明，大多数人认为专业知识是通过解决问题和取得成果来定义的，由此可推知，解决问题的能力在专业知识中排名很高。故选D项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Infutureresearch,wewanttoseeifit’spossibletocreatemoresubstantialchangesinhowpeopleunderstandexpertise—changesthatlastforweeks,monthsandpotentiallyyears.Itremainstobeconfirmedwhetherhelpingpeopleprizeintellectualhumilityinexpertsmightmakethembetteratdetectingwhensomeoneisoversteppingbeyondtheboundariesoftheirexpertise(在未来的研究中，我们想探究是否有可能让人们对专业知识的理解发生更实质性的改变——这种改变能持续数周、数月甚至数年。帮助人们重视专家身上的智识谦逊，是否能使他们更善于察觉有人何时超越了自己的专业边界，这仍有待证实)”可知，作者指出关于如何改变人们对专家的认知以及智力谦逊的作用仍需进一步研究和证实，说明完善对专家的判断需要持续探索。故选C项。DRewildingisasimpleconcept:areasofwildernessareidentifiedforrestoration,nativeanimalsandplantsarereintroduced,andnaturalprocessestakeover.Thetermwascoinedinthe1990s.Muchlikenature,languageundergoescontinuoustransformation.Tosome,rewildingnowincorporatestheideaofbuilding“corridors”sothatspeciescancrossfromoneareaofwildernesstoanother,astheywouldhavedoneinpre-humantimes.Toothers,itisaboutletting“naturalchaos”takeover,meaninganyhumaninterferenceisprohibited.Whymighttheaveragepersonbedrawntotheideaofrewilding?Manyholdthatnostalgiaisbehindit.Thefactisthatmostofuscan’tsay,“WheredidallthoseRedAdmiralbutterfliesgo,thatwereoncesocommoninmybackgarden?”Wecannotrecallthingsthatarebeyondlivingmemory,letaloneatimewhenwildpigsanddeerranthroughforests.Indeed,weneednotberemotelysentimental(多愁善感)toseewhybiodiversityisdesirable.Therearenumerousbenefitstorewilding,suchasrestoringnaturalbiodiversityandimprovingtheecologicalresilienceofdamagedlandscapes.Actually,atthemostpragmaticlevel,withouthealthyecosystems,ourcropswillfailandobviouslywewillnotsurvive.Aworkablefoodchainmuststartwithpollinators,suchasbeesandhoverflies.Intensivefarming,however,haslargelyremovedthewildflowerstheyfeedonandturnedmuchofourlandscapeintolifelesssoil.Onlybyreintroducingmissinginsects,plantsandanimalscanwereversethistrend.Theideaofrewildinghascertainlycaughtthepubliceye,andjournalistshaveplayedtheirpartinthis.Somehavewarnedaboutthepotentialterribleconsequences.Othershaveshoweredpraiseontheplanofreleasingbeaversbackintostreams.Devotingattentiontoeffortsliketheseisnobadthing,yetrewildingissomethingdifferentaltogether:anentireecosystembecomingself-regulatoryandself-sustaining.Furthermore,ifthepublicaretobepersuadedofthebenefitsofrewilding,theymustbeconfidentthatjournalistsareprovidingthefullpicture.InSpain’sGuadarramahills,forexample,wolves’returnbringsconservationjoybutraiseslocalconcernsoverlostsheepandcattle.Honestdiscussionaboutthiskindofissueisrequired.Rewildingprojects,ithastobesaid,donotalwaysgoasplanned.Theideathatweshouldallownaturetoreclaimpartsofourlandscapeisfarmoredivisivethansay,anyproposalforreducingplasticwasteortacklingtheillegalwildlifetrade.Fewpeoplewouldbeblindtotheadvantagesoflimitingplasticconsumptionorargueagainstprotectingelephants.Yetnotsolongago,no-onegaveasecondthoughttothesethings.Ittooktheincredibleeffortsofafewpassionate,principledindividualstoeducatethemajorityofusthroughlongcampaigningandevidence-basedargument.Hopefully,fiftyyearsfromnow,withecosystemsflourishingagain,peoplewillquestionwhyourgenerationeversawrewildingasdebated.31.WhydoestheauthormentionRedAdmiralbutterflies?A.Tocontradictaclaim. B.Tojustifyacomparison.C.Tochallengeaconvention. D.Toillustrateanassumption.32.Whatdoestheword“pragmatic”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Complex. B.Precise. C.Advanced. D.Practical.33.Asforrewilding,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Themediaplayamajorroleinitsprogress.B.Objectivereportingfacilitatesitspromotion.C.Publicconcernaboutitshapesmediacoverage.D.Disagreementamongjournalistsoutweighsagreement.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Rewilding:OneStepataTime B.Rewilding:BacktotheUnknownC.Rewilding:ARaceagainstLimits D.Rewilding:TheRecalloftheWild【答案】31.D32.D33.B34.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了“再野生化”这一概念，包括其定义、公众对其的看法、好处以及面临的挑战，同时强调了客观报道在推动“再野生化”进程中的重要性。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Whymighttheaveragepersonbedrawntotheideaofrewilding?Manyholdthatnostalgiaisbehindit.Thefactisthatmostofuscan’tsay,“WheredidallthoseRedAdmiralbutterfliesgo,thatwereoncesocommoninmybackgarden?”(为什么普通人会被“再野生化”的想法所吸引?许多人认为这背后是怀旧情绪。事实上，我们大多数人都说不出：“那些曾经在我家后院很常见的红蛱蝶都到哪里去了?”)”可知，作者提到红蛱蝶是为了说明人们对于过去生物多样性的怀念，进而支持人们被“再野生化”想法吸引这一假设。故选D项。【32题详解】词句猜测题。划线词前文“Therearenumerousbenefitstorewilding,suchasrestoringnaturalbiodiversityandimprovingtheecologicalresilienceofdamagedlandscapes.(再野生化有很多好处，比如恢复自然生物多样性和改善受损景观的生态恢复能力。)”谈论的是再野生化对环境和生态的影响，是宏观方面的意义，而后文“withouthealthyecosystems,ourcropswillfailandobviouslywewillnotsurvive(没有健康的生态系统，我们的庄稼就会歉收，显然我们将无法生存)”强调了健康生态系统对我们生存的实际重要性，前后形成对比。由此可推知，“atthemostpragmatic

level”指的是“在最实际的层面上”，故划线词pragmatic意为“实际的”。故选D项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Furthermore,ifthepublicaretobepersuadedofthebenefitsofrewilding,theymustbeconfidentthatjournalistsareprovidingthefullpicture.(此外，如果要说服公众相信“再野生化”的好处，他们必须确信记者提供了全面的信息。)”可知，作者认为客观全面的报道有助于公众了解“再野生化”的好处，从而推动其推广。故选B项。【34题详解】主旨大意题。通读