英语中考专题十-句子种类简单句并列句与主从复合句课件

专题十句子种类：简单句、并列句与主从复合句目录CONTENTS02课堂精讲03备考精练01思维导图思维导图01

课堂精讲02一、句子种类1.简单句：由主语＋谓语(或be＋表语)构成的句子。如：Ioftenreadbooksintheschoollibrary.我经常在学校图书馆读书。2.并列句：由并列连词把两个或多个简单句连在一起构成的句子。如：Therainstoppedsuddenly，sowedecidedtogoforawalkinthepark.雨突然停了，所以我们决定去公园散步。3.主从复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。如：Iknowthatshewillcometomorrow.我知道她明天会来。(宾语从句)Hestayedathomebecausehewasill.他因为生病待在了家里。(状语从句)二、简单句1.基本句型结构例句(1)主语＋谓语(谓语为不及物动词).The

sun

rises.

太阳升起来了。(2)主语＋谓语＋宾语.She

opened

the

window.

她打开了窗

户。(3)主语＋系动词＋表语.He

seems

very

busy.

他看上去很忙。

结构例句(4)主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语.My

mother

bought

me

a

dress.

我妈妈给我买了一条裙子。(5)主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语.We

elected

him

monitor.

我们选他当班长。He

painted

the

door

red.

他把门漆成了红色。2.简单句的种类：按用途分类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。(1)陈述句：陈述句用来说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。句式结构例句肯定句①主语＋系动词＋表语.He

seems

very

angry.

他看起来很生气。②主语＋谓语(＋其他).

She

works

in

a

hospital.

她在一家医院工作。

句式结构例句否定句①否定谓语(常见)I

don’t

think

she

likes

it.

我不认为她喜欢它。②否定主语Nobody

knows

where

she

is.

没有人知道她在哪。③否定宾语She

knows

nothing

about

him.

她一点也不了解他。④否定宾语补足语Our

teacher

often

tells

us

not

to

give

up

our

dreams.我们的老师经常告诉我们不要放弃梦想。⑤否定状语My

pen

was

lost

and

I

could

find

it

nowhere.我的钢笔丢了，我到处都找不到它。(2)疑问句：疑问句用来提出问题，包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。种类结构例句一般疑问句Be/Have/Do＋主语＋谓语＋…?用Yes或No来回答。Did

you

have

a

good

time

at

school?你在学校过得开心吗?Can

you

finish

your

work

on

time?你能按时完成工作吗?

种类结构例句特殊疑问句疑问副词(When/Where/Why/…)＋陈述句语序＋…?Where

does

he

go

to

school?

他在哪里上学?When

will

Peter

come

to

school?

彼特什么时候来学校?疑问代词(Who/Whom)＋陈述句语序…?Who

broke

the

glass?

谁打破了玻璃?Whose

car

is

under

the

tree?

树下的车是谁的?特殊疑问词(组)＋一般疑问句语序?How

do

you

study

English?

你是怎么学习英语的?

种类结构例句选择疑问句一般疑问句＋or＋另一个选择对象?Would

you

like

some

tea

or

coffee?你想喝点茶还是咖啡?特殊疑问句，A

or

B?Which

do

you

prefer，tea

or

coffee?你更喜欢哪一个，茶还是咖啡?反意疑问句陈述句，＋简短问句?(前肯后否，前否后肯)You

often

go

swimming

in

summer，don’t

you?你常在夏天去游泳，是吗?Tina

didn’t

quarrel

with

her

younger

brother，did

she?Tina没有和她的弟弟吵架，是吗?【小结】特殊疑问句的疑问词组(how短语)疑问词组含义用法疑问词组含义用法how

many多少提问数量，后跟可数名词复数how

much多少(钱)①提问数量，后跟不可数名词②询问价钱how

soon多久提问将来时间，答语用“in＋一段时间”how

long多长①提问时间，答语用“for＋一段时间”或“since＋过去时间点”②提问物体的长度how

far多远提问距离how

ften多久一次提问频率how

old多大提问年龄how

arge多大询问面积(3)祈使句：祈使句通常用于提出请求、建议或发出命令等。形式结构例句肯定形式(Please＋)动词原形＋其他.Please

go

over

your

exam

papers

once

again

before

handing

them

in.请在交卷前再仔细检查一遍你的试卷。Please

listen

to

me

carefully!请认真听我说!Be＋形容词.Be

careful!

小心!

形式结构例句肯定形式Do＋动词原形.(加强语气，表“务必，一定”)Do

remember

to

lock

the

door

when

you

leave.你离开时务必记得锁门。Do

be

quiet

in

the

library，please.

请在图书馆里一定保持安静。Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他.

Let

me

have

a

try.

让我试一下吧。

形式结构例句否定形式Don’t/Never＋动词原形＋其他.

Don’t

be

nervous

when

you

are

driving.

当你开车时不要紧张。Never

give

up

easily

when

facing

difficulties.当面对困难时绝不要轻易放弃。No＋名词/动名词.

No

food

or

drinks.

禁止携带食物和饮料。No

smoking!禁止吸烟!Don’t

let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他.=Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形＋其他.

Don’t

let

him

go

there

alone.=Let

him

not

go

there

alone.不要让他单独去那里。(4)感叹句：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、赞美、厌恶或愤怒等情绪。类型结构例句以how引导How＋形容词/副词(＋主语＋谓语＋其他)!How

beautiful

the

sunset

is!

日落多美啊!How

quickly

he

runs!他跑得真快啊!How＋主语＋谓语(＋其他)!How

time

flies!时间过得真快啊!

类型结构例句以what引导What＋形容词＋名词复数(＋主语＋谓语＋其他)!What

beautiful

flowers

these

are!这些花多漂亮啊!What＋形容词＋不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语＋其他)!What

bad

weather

it

is

today!今天的天气多糟糕啊!What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语＋其他)!What

a

lovely

dog

it

is!一只多可爱的狗啊!三、并列句并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以上平等又独立的简单句连接而成，句子中常用的并列连词如下：作用连词例句并列关系and和She

is

smart

and

hard-working.

她既聪明又勤奋。both…and…(两者)都She

is

both

smart

and

hard-working.

她既聪明又勤奋。not

only…but

also…不仅……而且……This

book

is

not

only

interesting

but

also

educational.这本书不仅有趣，而且有教育意义。neither…nor…既不……也不……She

seemed

neither

surprised

nor

worried.

她似乎既不惊讶也不担心。

作用连词例句转折关系but但是I

am

tired

but

happy.

我很累但很开心。因果关系so所以He

forgot

to

take

his

umbrella

so

he

got

wet.

他忘了带伞，所以淋湿了。for是因为He

looked

pale

for

he

might

have

stayed

up

too

late.他脸色苍白，因为他可能熬夜到太晚了。选择关系or或者Are

you

coming

or

not?

你来还是不来?either…or…或者……或者……I’ll

take

either

the

red

one

or

the

blue

one.

我要红色的或者蓝色的。四、主从复合句1.宾语从句宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句子中起名词的作用，相当于一个名词词组，在全句中充当主句的宾语。宾语从句的三要素：引导词、从句的时态和从句的语序。(1)引导词引导词作用例句①that本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略Lily

says

(that)

she

wants

to

be

a

teacher.莉莉说她想成为一名老师。

引导词作用例句②连接代词(what/which/who/whose/whom)在从句中作一定的成分，如：主语、宾语、定语某成分Do

you

know

who

the

man

in

black

is?你知道那位穿黑衣服的男士是谁吗?(作宾语)Tom

asked

me

whose

bike

it

was.汤姆问我这是谁的单车。(作定语)

引导词作用例句③连接副词(when/where/why/how等)在从句中作状语Could

you

tell

me

where

the

bus

stop

is?你能告诉我公共汽车站在哪里吗?He

explained

why

he

was

late.

他解释了为什么他会迟到。④连接词if/whether意为“是否”，不可省略，句尾有or

not时用whetherHe

asked

me

whether

Lucy

liked

swimming

or

not.他问我Lucy是否喜欢游泳。Do

you

know

if

he

will

come

tomorrow?你知道他是否明天会来吗?(2)时态三大原则主句时态从句时态例句①需要性原则主句为现在时(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时)从句时态随句意，根据表达需要可选用任意时态We

all

want

to

know

if

she

will

come

to

help

us.我们都想知道她是否会来帮助我们。I

remember

he

sent

me

a

birthday

present

yesterday.我记得他昨天送给我一个生日礼物。He

has

told

me

that

he’ll

leave

for

Beijing

tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天去北京。

三大原则主句时态从句时态例句②呼应性原则当主句为过去时(包括一般过去时、过去进行时等)从句一般过去时I

didn’t

know

when

he

met

my

parents.我不知道他什么时候见了我父母。从句过去进行时Could

you

tell

us

what

you

were

doing

yesterday

morning?你能告诉我昨天早上你在做什么吗?

三大原则主句时态从句时态例句②呼应性原则当主句为过去时(包括一般过去时、过去进行时等)从句过去将来时I

asked

the

teacher

where

the

meeting

would

be.我问了老师会议将在哪里开。从句过去完成时She

said

she

had

missed

the

school

bus.她说她已经错过了校车。

三大原则主句时态从句时态例句③特殊性原则从句如果表示客观真理、客观事实时，不管什么时候都用一般现在时The

teacher

told

us

that

the

earth

goes

around

the

sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。(3)语序宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序，即“连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他部分”。①有些疑问词作句子的主语，但这些疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，在变宾语从句时，语序无须变化。如：Doyouknowwhathashappenedoverthere?你知道那边发生了什么事吗?Doyouknowwhat’swrongwithhim?你知道他怎么了吗?②宾语从句的否定转移如果主句的主语是第一人称Ⅰ，谓语动词是think，believe，suppose等，而从句的意思是否定时，主句的谓语动词用否定式，从句用肯定式。如：Idon’tthinkyouareright.我认为你是不对的。Idon’tbelieveyoucanfinishthetaskontime.我认为你不能按时完成任务。③宾语从句的简化当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn，ask，tell，show，teach等时，从句可简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。Wedon’tknowwhereweshouldgo.=Wedon’tknowwheretogo.我们不知道去哪里。④如果复合句中的宾语从句很长，那么可以用it作形式宾语，以免句子头重脚轻。HemadeitquiteclearthathepreferredtostudyEnglish.他很明确地说他更喜欢学英语。2.状语从句状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、比较、目的、结果、让步、方式等意义。种类连接词(短语)例句时间状语从句when，while，as，as

soon

as，since，until，till，after，before等I

was

doing

my

homework

when

my

mother

came

back.我正在写作业时，我妈妈回来了。While

I

was

cooking，my

brother

was

doing

homework.我在做饭时，我弟弟在写家庭作业。As

I

walked

into

the

room，the

light

suddenly

went

out.当我走进房间时，灯突然灭了。

种类连接词(短语)例句条件状语从句if，unless，as

long

asIf

you

don’t

get

up

early，you

won’t

catch

the

early

bus.如果你不早起，就赶不上早班车。You

will

fall

behind

your

classmates

unless

you

work

harder.除非你更用功，否则会落后于你的同学。

种类连接词(短语)例句原因状语从句as，because，sinceShe

was

late

for

school

because

her

bike

broke

down.她上学迟到了，因为她的自行车坏了。He

left

early

as

he

felt

tired.

他早早离开因为他感到累了。地点状语从句wherePut

it

where

we

can

all

see

it.

把它放在我们能看到的地方。比较状语从句than，(not)as…as

The

work

isn’t

as

easy

as

I

thought.

这项工作不如我想的那么简单。They

have

more

books

than

we(have).

他们的书比我们的多。

种类连接词(短语)例句目的状语从句so

that，in

order

thatFinish

this

work

so

that

you

can

start

another.完成这项工作，以便你能开始下一项。Mary

studies

hard

in

order

that

she

can

get

into

a

better

high

school.玛丽努力学习，为了能进入一所更好的高中。

种类连接词(短语)例句结果状语从句so…that…，such…that…The

movie

was

so

interesting

that

we

watched

it

twice.这部电影太有趣了，以至于我们看了两遍。She

is

such

a

lovely

girl

that

everyone

wants

to

make

friends

with

her.她是一个如此可爱的女孩，以至于每个人都想和她交朋友。

种类连接词(短语)例句让步状语从句though，although，even

if/though，疑问词＋everAlthough/Though

he

is

very

tired，he

is

still

practising

the

piano.尽管他很累，但他仍在练钢琴。Even

though/Even

if

it

was

raining

hard，they

went

on

working.虽然雨下得很大，但他们仍继续工作。Whatever

you

say，I’ll

believe

you.

无论你说什么，我都会相信你。方式状语从句asStudents

do

as

the

teachers

say.

学生按老师说的做。(1)在时间状语从句(since除外)和条件状语从句中，从句常用一般现在时表将来，即：主将从现。(2)结果状语从句的两种句式：“so＋形容词/副词＋that从句…”与“such(＋a/an)＋形容词＋名词＋that从句”意为“如此……以至于……”。Tom

is

so

strong

that

he

plays

basketball

well.=Tom

is

such

a

strong

boy

that

he

plays

basketball

well.

汤姆很强壮，篮球打得好。(3)让步状语从句中though/although与but不能同时出现在一个句子里；原因状语从句because与so不能同时出现在一个句子里。特别提醒：3.定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。如：(1)Ilovethegift←thatmymothergaveme.(gift是先行词，that是关系代词)

(2)Sheisthegirl←whocomesfromtheUK.(girl是先行词，who是关系代词)

定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词when，why，where关系代词和关系副词是引导词，在定语从句中有三个作用：①连接主从句；②指代先行词；③在从句中充当某一成分。具体用法如下：关系词先行词功能例句关系代词that人；物充当主语或宾语Rose

likes

music

that

is

quiet

and

gentle.

罗丝喜欢安静轻柔的音乐。which物充当主语或宾语The

building

which

stands

near

the

road

is

our

school.靠近马路的那栋楼是我们的学校。

关系词先行词功能例句关系代词

who人充当主语或宾语Do

you

know

the

man

who

is

running?你认识那个在跑步的那位男士吗?whom人充当宾语The

girl

whom

you

met

here

is

my

daughter.你在这里遇到的那个女孩是我女儿。whose人充当定语The

watch

whose

strap

is

broken

is

Tom’s.表带坏了的那块手表是汤姆的。

关系词先行词功能例句关系副词when时间充当时间状语I

will

never

forget

the

days

when

I

worked

in

the

school.我永远不会忘记在学校工作的那些日子。why原因充当原因状语Please

tell

me

the

reason

why

you

didn’t

finish

your

homework.请告诉我你没完成作业的原因。where地点充当地点状语That

is

the

house

where

he

used

to

live.

那就是他曾经住过的房子。备考精练03一、用合适的词填空。1.Theteacheraskedus_______________(notmake)noise.

2.—____________doyouoftengoswimming?

—Becauseitisgoodformyhealth.3.No____________(smoke)inthisarea.

4.____________deliciousthecaketastes!

5.Bothmyfather____________mymotherareteachers.

6.Youcaneithertakethebus____________rideabiketoschool.

not

to

makeWhysmokingHowandor7.Sheisnotonlysmart____________alsoverykind.

8.NeitherJohn____________hisfriendslikespicyfood.

9.Hurryup，____________youwillbelateforschool.

10.Shedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday，____________shehadahighfever.

11.Shewassotired____________shefellasleepimmediately.

12.Shedidn’teatanything________________shewashungry.butnororbecausethatthough/although13.Canyoutellme____________thenearestpostofficeis?

14.Weshouldhurry____________wewanttomissthetrain.

15.Heaskedme____________Icouldgoskiingwithhim.

whereunlessif/whether二、六选五。(2025·湖南改编)A.Befriendlytoothers.B.Here’showtogetstarted.C.Theyhelpyoumeetmorepeople.D.Workhardandmakeyourselfbetter.E.Thinkaboutthingsyouenjoyatschool.F.Youwillknowmoreaboutwhatishappeningatschoolthroughit.MakeaDifferencetoYourSchoolYourschooloffersgreatchancestostudy，makefriendsandtrynewthings.Eachterm，youhavetimetousethesechances.Also，thereistimetothinkofwaystomakeadifferencetoyourschool.1.____________Learnmoreaboutyourschool.Tolearnwhathappensaroundyourschool，jointeamsofyourschoolorclubsandtakepartinactivities.2.___________Thesepeoplecangiveyouabetterunderstandingofyourschool.Forexample，ifyourschoolhasastudentnewspaper，checkitoutorconsiderjoiningit.3.____________BCFFindaneedandtakeaction.4.____________Maybeyouenjoyplayingvolleyballafterclass.Nowthinkaboutwaystomakethisactivityevenbetter.Youmightwishyourschooltoprovidemorevolleyballsforstudentstouse.Onceyouhaveyouridea，talktoyourschooltoseeifstudentscouldhelp.Youcouldoffertoholdabooksaletobuysportsequipment(器材).

5.____________Itmayseemsimple，butbeingfriendlytootherscanhelpcreat