《高中英语选择性必修一Unit 1 Learning About Language》课件

Unit1PeopleofAchievementLearningAboutLanguage

Writedownthewordthatmatcheseachdefinition.Thenfindthesentencescontainingthesewordsinthetext.1.__________cooksomethinginveryhotwater2.__________relatingtoplants3.__________qualitiesorcharacteristicsofsomething4.__________akindofsubstancethatflowsfreely,

suchaswaterormilk5.__________physicalmaterialthatexistsboilbotanicalpropertiesliquidsubstanceTheythentriedboilingfreshwormwood

...butthisdidnotworkeither.In1969,she

...tofindtraditionalbotanicaltreatmentsforthedisease.Herteamexamined...fortheirmedicalproperties.Theythentried...usingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,...Usingalowertemperaturetodrawouttheextract,shefoundasubstancethat

worked.

Guessthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords.Thenfillintheblankswithwordsthathavethesameroots.1.Thetwoflowersarequitedistinctfromoneanother,soitiseasytomakea

__________betweenthem.2.Scientistsneedto

__________howthenewmaterialstandsuptowearand

teartoprovehowvaluableitis.3.Atalentedscientistwellknownforhis

__________tohiscountry,Huang

Daniancommittedhimselftohisresearchingeophysics.4.A:Didyoucometoanyconclusions?

B:Yes,we

__________thatbydrawingouttheextractatalowtemperature,

wecouldfindthesubstancethatweneededtocompletetheexperiment.5.Shespendsalotoftime__________herpatients’dreams.Thisanalysisis

veryhelpful,explainingtheirdailybehaviourverywell.distinctionevaluatecommitmentconcludedanalysing

ReadthepassageaboutLuXun.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.insistobtainobjectiveacknowledgeapparentlycrucialLuXun,___________asoneofthegreatestmodernwritersinChina,wasborninShaoxing,ZhejiangProvincein1881.In1904,hewenttoJapanandbecameamedicalstudent,withthe__________ofimprovingpeople’shealthandsavinglives.However,hechangedhismindwhenhesawinaphotoaChinesemanabouttobekilledbyaJapanesesoldier.ItstruckhimthattheotherChinesemeninthephoto__________

didnotcareaboutwhatwashappeningtotheirfellowcountrymen.Fromthis,heconcludedthatthe

__________probleminChinawasnotphysicalillness,butthespiritualillnessofpeopleatthattime.

Followingthis,hequitmedicalschool.WhenhereturnedtoChinain1908,he

__________ateachingjob.In1917,

afriend__________thathehelpwriteforamagazinecalledNewYouth.ThatwashowhisfirstfamousshortstoryAMadman’sDiarygotpublished.acknowledgedobjectiveapparentlycrucialobtainedinsisted

Inpairs,discusshowpeoplecanachievesuccess,usingwordsandexpressionsyouhavelearntinthisunit.A:Inordertoachievesuccessinlife,Ithinkitiscrucialtoworkhard.B:Iagree,butIthinkitisvitaltoalsoworkharddoingtherightthings.A:Whatdoyoumean?B:Well,somepeopleapparentlytrytogetaheadbybeingdishonestandlying.Eventhoughtheyareworkinghard,whatgoodwillitdo?A:That’sright.Andevenmorepeopleareworkinghardwithwrongobjectives.Theyjustwanttoobtainmoneyorbecomefamous.B:Butwhatisagoodreason?A:Ithinkitisgoodtoworktomaketheworldabetterplace,ortohelpotherpeoplewithdifficulties.B:Iseewhatyoumean.SampleDiscoverusefulstructuresLearnhowtoanalyseandidentifytheusesofrelativeclauses.Usewhatyouhavelearntinthepreviousactivitiestocombinesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.Usewhatyouhavelearntinthepreviousactivitiestoexpressyourownideasoropinionsbyusingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.Learningobjectives1.TheytestedhundredsofChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstthedisease.2.TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,whichisconsideredoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.3.TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.4.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.Readthefollowingsentencesandunderlinetherelativeclauses.Thennamethetwotypesofclausesandstatetheirfunctions.restrictive,describethekindofmedicaltreatmentstheytestednon-restrictive,giveextrainformationaboutNobelPrizenon-restrictive,giveextrainformationaboutHainannon-restrictive,giveextrainformationaboutthepatients1.非限制性定语从句和它的先行词之间是比较松散的关系。在口语中有停顿，在书写中常用逗号隔开。Basicusageofnon-restrictiveclausesTomcametothepartyinpatchedjeans,whichsurprisedtheotherguests

fortheywereallwearingeveningsuits.汤姆穿着打补丁的牛仔裤来参加了宴会，这把其他客人都惊到了，因为他们穿的都是晚礼服。2.非限制性定语从句的引导词通常是who,whom,whose和which等wh-词，不用that和why来引导非限制性定语从句。如果表原因，要用forwhich来替代why引导的从句。Thesailor’sdaughter,whosenameisAnn,gavemeapatientsmile.那个水手的女儿耐心地冲着我微笑，她的名字叫安。3.关系副词where和when也能引导非限制性定语从句。I’mseeingthemanagertomorrow,whenhewillbebackfromNewYork.我明天要去见经理，他明天要从纽约回来。Differencesbetweenrestrictiverelativeclausesandnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.AspectRestrictiveRelativeClauseNon-restrictiveRelativeClause形式上主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿。与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。功能上用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清。用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。翻译上翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，如：Heisthestudentwhoselegwasbroken.他就是那个一条腿骨折了的学生。从句与主句分开翻译，如：I’veinvitedJim,wholivesinthenextflat.我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。含义上Ihaveabrotherwhoisapolice.我有一个当警察的哥哥。（哥哥不止一个）Ihaveabrother,whoisapolice.我有个哥哥，他是名警察。（只有一个哥哥）先行词只能是名词或代词可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子引导词that,why,which,who,whom有时可以省略which,who,whom,whose,when,where一律不省略as&which1.用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as和which可以换用。Helefther,as/whichwasstrange.

他离开了她，这很奇怪。2.as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首、句中和句尾。Aseveryoneknows,TomisgoodatEnglish.

大家都知道，汤姆擅长英语。3.非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as作主语。如asissaid/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussed等。Asisknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.

众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。4.as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的含义，如下列句式：ashasbeensaidabove,asanybodycansee,aswehadexpected,as(it)appears等。Thingsarenotalwaysastheyappear.

事情并不总是像表面那样。5.which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。Thedecisionwaspostponed,whichwasexactlywhathewanted.决定被推迟了，这正是他想要的。6.which引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词），从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。Thefootballmatch,whichIwatchedyesterday,isveryinteresting.我昨天看的那场足球赛很有趣。7.which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语带有宾语，有的还带宾语补足语。Waterchangesintosteam,whichisknowntobeaphysicalchange.水变成蒸汽，这是众所周知的物理变化。8.which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句意思可与主句相反。as&whichHecanwritealetterinEnglish,whichIcannot.他会用英语写信，而我不会。Rewritethesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.Howdothesentencesflowdifferently?ThebooktellsusaboutAlexanderFleming.Hediscoveredpenicillin.ThebooktellsusaboutAlexanderFleming,

whodiscoveredpenicillin.Example1.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman.

Hewasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman,whowasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.2.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany.Hitlerwasinpowerthere.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany,whereHitlerwasinpower.4.Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,

J.K.Rowling.It

inspiredusalot.Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling,whichinspiredusalot.5.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei—afamousChinese-Americanarchitect.HewasborninGuangzhou,China.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei—afamousChinese-Americanarchitect,whowasborninGuangzhou,China.3.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.

Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda,whosecircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.Rewritethesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.Howdothesentencesflowdifferently?6.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart.

Itwasabigchallengeforme.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart,whichwasabigchallengeforme.Ineachcase,therearetwoshortsentenceswhichsoundseparatetoeachother.Bycombiningthetwosimplesentencestogetherusingnon-restrictiverelative

clause,thesentencebecomesmorevariedandhasbetterflow.ConclusionRewritethesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.Howdothesentencesflowdifferently?Workingroups.Completethesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclausestogiveextrainformation.Thensharethemwithyourgroupmembers.ExampleI’dliketotry...,...I’dliketotrythatChineseherbalmedicineagain,whichseemstoworkbestformycough.1.Iwouldliketotravelaround...,...IwouldliketotravelaroundSichuanProvince,whereJiuzhaigoulocates.2.Whatimpressedmemost...,...Whatimpressedmemostaboutthefilmwastheending,whichwasquitemoving.3.Myfavouritescientistis...,...MyfavouritescientistisNikolaTesla,whowasquitebrilliantbutalsohadsomecrazyideas.Workingroups.Completethesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclausestogiveextrainformation.Thensharethemwithyourgroupmembers.4.Finallywearrivedat...,...Finallywearrivedatthezoo,whichwasclosedforrepairs.5.Mygrandparentslike...,...Mygrandparentslikegoingforoutingsinspring,whichisgoodfortheirhealth.6.Iwishtoobtain...,...Iwishtoobtainadrivinglicence,whichisnecessaryifyouwanttodriveacar.7.Mybestfriend...,...Mybestfriendcametovisitlastweek,whichwasthefirsttimeIhadseenhiminyears.01Review定语从句定语从句1.定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句一、定语从句的相关概念Thisisanoldphoto.Dadshowedmeanoldphotowhichwehadtakenthen.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰photo,叫做定语从句定语从句Dadshowedmeanoldphotowhichwehadtakenthen..先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when,why作用：1)连接主句与从句

2)指代先行词3)在从句中充当成分被修饰的名词或代词定语从句关系代词先行词关系代词在从句中充当的成分that人或物主语、宾语、表语which物主语、宾语、表语、定语who人主语（宾语）whom宾语whose人或物定语as物主语、宾语、表语关系词用法总结定语从句关系副词先行词关系副词在从句中所作的成分when(=at/on/in/during/···which)表时间时间状语where(=at/in/···which)表地点地点状语why(=forwhich)表原因原因状语关系词用法总结把定语从句还原为简单句:Theteacher

isinchargeofourclassisMr.Hu.2.Thenewspaper

isforourEnglishstudycostsus31yuan.Theteacherisinchargeofourclass.ThenewspaperisforourEnglishstudy.I.先行词在定语从句中做主语

(subject)时,指人用who(that也可以用,但不经常用)指物用which,that(that经常用,但不是很正式)who/thatwhich/that3.Ourteacher

welikeverymuchcomesfromaforeigncountry.4.Thebook

heisreadingisborrowed.Weliketheteacherverymuch.Heisreadingthebook.II.先行词在定语从句中做宾语

(object)时,指人用who,whom,that或者省略(whom较正式)指物用which,that或者省略把定语从句还原为简单句:(who/whom/that)(which/that)5.Heisnolongerthelazyboy

heusedtobe.6.Myhometownisnolongerthepoorvillage

itusedtobe.III.先行词在定语从句中做表语

(predicative)时,指人和物都用thatHeusedtobealazyboy.Itusedtobeapoorvillage.把定语从句还原为简单句:thatthat7.Theboy

nameisSunWeifengisourmonitor.8.TheEnglishsong

titleisJustOneLastDanceisverypopularwithus.Theboy’snameisSunWeifeng.Thesong’stitleisJustOneLastDance.ThenameoftheboyisSunWeifeng.(Thename_________isSunWeifeng.)IV.先行词在定语从句中做定语

(attribute)时,指人用whose+n.或者the+n.ofwhom.指物用whose+n.或者the

+n.ofwhich.把定语从句还原为简单句:ThetitleofthesongisJustOnceLastDance.(Thetitle_________isJustOnceLastDance.)whosewhoseofwhomofwhich把定语从句还原为简单句:9.Thecanteenisaplace

wecanbuysomefood.10.Theday

IcametoChangshaisJuly20.Wecanbuysomefoodintheplace.where________wecanbuysomefood.inwhichIcametoChangshaontheday.when_________IcametoChangsha.onwhichV.先行词在定语从句中做状语

(adverbial)时,指地点用where

或者适当介词+which指时间用when

或者适当介词+which指原因用why或者for+which定语从句引导词的选择巧用还原法,先确定句子是含有定语从句的主从复合句，找出先行词和定语从句部分，然后把先行词带到定语从句中还原定语从句,分析先行词在定语从句中的成分,再决定定语从句引导词。

作主语，表人用___________,表物用________.

作宾语，表人用___________,表物用________.

作表语，表人用___________,表物用________.

作定语，表人用___________,表物用

.

作状语，用_______________________.who/thatwhich/that(who(m)/that)(which/that)thatthatwhose+n./the+n.ofwhom

whose+n./the+n.ofwhichwhen/where/whyon/inwhich/inwhich/forwhich

1.Weshouldgototheplace_____wearemostneeded.2.Weshouldgototheplace_____needsusmost.

wherethat对比训练Wearemostneededintheplace.Theplaceneedsusmost.重点难点：1.Allthatglittersisnotgold.2.Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.4.TheonlythingthatIwanttodoistoswim.5.Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthattheymetintheschool.5.Whoisthegirlthatisstandingnearthedoor?6.Whichisthebookthattheboyborrowed?7.Myhometownisnolongerthepoorvillagethatitusedtobe.A:只能用that引导B:特定句型中的用法Sheistheonlyoneofthestudents

__________goodatGerman.2.Sheisoneofthestudents

______goodatGerman.whoisthat/whoare重点难点：B:特定句型中的用法3.Iamreadingthesamebook

youdidyesterday.4.Thisissuchawonderfulbook

wealllike.5.Thisissuchawonderfulbook

wealllikeit.

asasthat重点难点：如此……以至于……(状语从句)Theway_________________heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.2.Theway_________________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.that/which/不填inwhich/that/不填Hesaiditinthisway.Heexplainedthewaytous.3.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway________________________hesaidit.inwhich/that/不填C:way做先行词重点难点：Heexplainedthesentencetousinthisway.D:介词的选择Doyouknowtheboy________________yourmotheristalking?2.Hegavemesomenovels__________Iamnotveryfamiliar.3.Istillremembertheday________IfirstgottoParis.4.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst

_________Ireallyenjoyed.

to/with/aboutwhomwithwhichonwhich重点难点：ofwhichE:which和as的区别1._______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.2.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,____________,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.3.________isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.4._________Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.AsAsAswhich5.HemarriedMary,

weexpected.6.HemarriedMary,

wedidn’texpected.aswhich重点难点：1.I’vecometothepoint______Ican’tstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituation________awarwillbreakoutatanytime.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where

引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。重点难点：F:where引导的定语从句wherewhere对比训练1.Thisisthefarm

wevisitedlastweek.2.Thisisthefarm

hisfatherisworking.3.Thisisthefarm

westayedlastyear.

thatwherewhereWevisitedthefarmlastweek.Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.Westayedonthefarmlastyear.对比训练1.Iwillneverforgettheday

Ifirstsawmybestfriend.2.Iwillneverforgettheday

wespenttogetherlastsummer.

whenthatIfirstsawmybestfriendontheday.Wespentthedaytogetherlastsummer.四部曲：1.划分主从句2.圈先行词

3.先行词带入从句4.检查句子Practice:1.Heknowsthegirl

youaretalkingto.2.Heknowsthegirl

youaretalking.3.Heknowsthegirl

motherisateacher.4.Heknowsthegirl

haswrittenanovel.5.Heknowsthegirl

wehavelearntalot.6.Thisisthevillage

ishishometown.7.Thisisthevillage

hewasborn.8.Thisisthevillagein

hewasborn.9.Thisisthevillage

wevisitedlastweek.10.Thisisthevillage

itusedtobe.11.Thisisthevillage

hisfatherteaches.(whom/that/who)to/with/aboutwhomwhosewho/thatfromwhomwhich/thatwhere/inwhichwhich(which/that)thatwhere/inwhich定语从句1.Thefactory____________theyvisitedlastyearwasdestroyed.2.Thestudentsarethankfultotheteacher________hastaughtthemfor3years.3.Istillrememberthedays_______________Ispentinthecollege.4.Heistheman________nameisTom.四部曲：1.划分主从句2.圈先行词

3.先行词带入从句4.检查句子that/which/省who/thatthat/which/省whose1.Ihaveasisterwhoworksinahospital.

我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。2.Ihaveasister,whoworksinahospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。（不止一位姐姐）（只有一位姐姐）eg:限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。

Thisistheboywhobrokethewindow.

这就是打破窗子的孩子。（theboy是先行词，whobroketheindow是限制性定语从句，明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子）ThepeoplewhomyoumetinthehallarefromJapan.

你在大厅见到的那些人来自日本。（定语从句whomyoumetinthehall限定先行词thepeople）

非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语，对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。I,whoamyourfriend,willsharetheworkwithyou.

我是你的朋友，将与你分担这项工作。（I是先行词，whoamyourfriend是非限制性定语从句，对先行词I起附加说明的作用）

NewConceptEnglishisintendedforfoeignstudents,whichisknowntousall.新概念英语是专为外国学生编写的，这是我们大家都知道的。（whichisknowntousall是非限制性定语从句，对主句作进一步的补充说明）限制性定语从句举例：TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。InthestreetIsawamanwhowasfromAfrica.在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。非限制性定语从句举例：Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.中国是1949年成立的，现在正变得越来越强大。LastsummerIvisitedthePeople’sGreatHall,inwhichmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear.去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。02非限制性定语从句PPT模板http:///moban/restrictiverelativeclausesnon-restrictiverelativeclause1.Isawtheguywhodelivers

mymailintownyesterday.2.I'llalwaysremembertheriverwherewelearnedto

swim.3.Doyouknowthereasonwhytheskyisblue?4.She'sthepersonwhose

daughtergoestoHarvard.1.Paris,

whereIspentsixmonthsstudying,isthemostbeautifulcityintheworld.2.Thewomandownthestreet,whosechildrenarethesame

ageasyours,invitedusoverfordinnernextweek.3.Themovie,whichismy

favoritecomedyofalltime,isbeingshownonTVtomorrownight.Howrestrictiverelativeclauses

differfromnon-restrictiverelativeclauses?若去掉，句子含义不明确whichguy?whichriver?thereasonforwhat?whichperson?若去掉，不影响句子含义无逗号与主句隔开有逗号与主句隔开1.了解非限制性定语从句中关系词的使用规则及其与限制性定语从句的异同;2.能够正确理解并运用非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句Non-restrictiveattributiveclauses非限制性定语从句名词限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句作用起限定作用，限制或约束先行词。不可省略，否则主句意思不完整。对整个句子的意义并不重要，即使省略，原句仍然成立。结构不用逗号与主句隔开。用逗号与主句隔开。功能是先行词不可缺少的定语。对先行词或主句作附加的说明。引导词A.作宾语时可省略。B.可用thatC.可用who代替whomA.作宾语时不可省略。B.不用that。C.不用who代替whom。翻译通常意为先行词的定语“……的”。通常译为并列句。区别构成：+,+关系词先行词+其他部分非限制性定语从句(1)StPetersburg,_______isaverybeautifulcity,wasoncecalledLeningrad.(2)YesterdayImetLiPing,_____seemedtobeverybusy.(3)HecametotheUnitedStatesin1914,_____WorldWarⅠbrokeout.(4)Singapore,______Ihavelivedfortenyears,isadynamiccountrywithmanyaskyscraper.(5)TheQueenwillvisitthetowninMay,_____shewillopenthenewhospitalthere.

(6)ChairmanMao,_____Iadmiremost,wasborninHunanprovince.1.同限制性定语从句一样，非限制性定语从句也可由关系代词/关系副词引导，但从句中的关系词不可省略，关系代词that和关系副词why不可用于非限制性定语从句。whichwho

whenwherewhenwhom非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用why引导，而用forwhich代替why。我们无法解释，为什么这么多人愿意贷款。Wecouldnotgivethereason,

somanypeoplewerewillingtotakeoutaloan.forwhich(1)Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory.(2)ChairmanMao,whomIadmiremost,wasborninHunanprovince.(3)HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,which

greatlyupsetsme.注：which/who/whom引导的非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语成分,不可以省略。which也可以是代替整个句子。which指Beijing，在从句中作主语whom指ChairmanMao,在从句作宾语which指前面的整个主句,在从句作主语非限制性定语从句(1)Beijing,______isthecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory.(2)ThisisNewYork,______Ihavevisitedforseveraltimes.(3)HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,______greatlyupsetsme.(4)Hewaslateagain,______madetheteacherveryunhappy.注：which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词可以是主句中的一个名词（指物），也可以是整个句子；which在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语等，不可省略。whichwhichwhich

which1.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,which

greatlyupsetsme.2.TaiwanbelongstoChina,asisknowntoall.3.Asthesayinggoes,“Ayear'sworkbeginswithspring.”注：as可以像which一样引导一个定语从句修饰整个先行主句，常常译为“正如，正像”;

众所周知，台湾是属于中国的。正如俗语所说，一年之计在于春。As是关系词中唯一可以置于句首的关系词。他似乎没有听懂我的意思，这一点让我很生气。asweallknow;asiswellknownto…;asisoftenthecase;asissaid/mentionedabove;ashasbeensaidbefore;asItoldyoubefore;Thisisalsopartofyourwork,asItoldyoubefore.我曾告诉过你，这也是你工作的一部分。Themanwasateacher,aswasevidentfromhiswayofspeaking.从那人说话的样子可明显看出，他是个老师。asisevident;asoftenhappens;ascanbeseen;asis/wasexpected;asweexpect;asIcanremember非限制性定语从句(1)TaiwanbelongstoChina,___isknown.(2)Thingswillturnoutcontrarytoone'swishes,______isoftenthecase.(3)___thesayinggoes,“Ayear'sworkbeginswithspring.”注：as可以像which一样引导一个定语从句修饰整个先行主句，而不是某一个单词，常常可以译为“正如，正像；这”;as是关系词中唯一可以置于句首的关系词。asasAs非限制性定语从句(1)Thecar,________Ipaidalotofmoney,isnowoutofdate.(2)Isuggestyougotoaspecialist,__________youcangetanswerstomostofyourquestions.(3)Inthischapter,oneofourproblemsistodiscovertheprinciples_________thesetestsarebased.2.介词+关系代词也可引导非限制性定语从句，但在这种定语从句中，介词通常前置，关系代词也不可省略。forwhichfromwhomonwhich非限制性定语从句(1)许多年轻人，其中大多数受过良好教育，前往偏远地区追逐他们的梦想。Manyyoungpeople,_____________werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.(2)这就是那所窗户昨天晚上破了的房子。Thisisthehouse,__________________brokelastnight.

(3)那些房屋都被洪水毁坏的人们得到了红十字会的帮助。Thepeople,_________________hadbeendamagedbytheflood,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.mostofwhomwhosewindowsthewindowsofwhichwhosehomesthehomesofwhom3.名词/代词/数词+of+whom/which引导的非限制性定语从句。

注：whose+n.(人/物)=the+n.+ofwhom/which=ofwhom/which+the+n.非限制性定语从句4.先行词是独一无二的事物时，一般用非限制性定语从句说明。太阳从东方升起，给我们带来光和热。Thesun,

risesintheeast,givesuslightandheat.which03ExercisesBApplyingtherulesRewritethefollowingsentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.P7B1

MyparentswentonatourofJapanwith20people,someofwhomhadneverbeenabroadbefore.MyfavouriteplacetovisitisalittlevillagenearShanghai,wheremygrandmawasborn.DrLuo,whoisanexpertinChinesehistory,willgiveusatourofBeijing.I’mreadingaguidebooktoRome,whichisreallyfascinatingandhelpful.I’drathervisitEuropeinsummer,whentheweatherisatitsbest.Belowisanarticleabouthowtobeasustainabletourist.Completethearticlewiththecorrectnon-restrictiverelativeclausesintheboxbelow.ThereisoneclauseyoudoNOTneedtouse.Writethelettersintheblanks.P7B1

adcbwhich

whowhenonwhichwhere/inwhichAsofwhomwhose

ofwhichas/whichWordsandExpressions

Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.(P5)

她的情况是我们无法控制的。

circumstance

/ˈsɜːkəmstəns/

n.

[usuallypl.]条件；环境；状况搭配in/under...circumstances

在……情况下in/undernocircumstances

决不；无论如何不

例句Amanisnotsupposedtohurtawomanunderanycircumstances.

在任何情况下，男人都不应该伤害女人。Undernocircumstancesshouldyoungstersfollownegativeinformationonmassmediablindly.

青少年无论如何人都不应盲目跟从大众媒体上的负面消息。1

Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling.Itinspiredusalot.(P5)

老师让我们听他最喜欢的小说家J.K.罗琳的演讲。这个演讲启发了我们很多。

novelist

/ˈnɒvəlɪst/

n.

小说家

例句Foranovelist,that’squiteanaccomplishment.

对于一个小说家来说，那是一个了不起的成就。拓展novel

n.

（长篇）小说例句Herlatestnoveliseagerlyawaited.人们热切期待她的最新小说。2

Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart.(P5)

要求我借助流程图来解释这个项目。

flow

/fləʊ/

n.

流；流动；流畅；供应

vi.流；流动

搭配flowchart

流程图cashflow

现金流量

例句Wearekeepingourheadabovewater,butourcashflowpositionisnottoogood.

我们虽然还未陷入困境，但资金流转状况不太好。Thisflowchart,shownbelow,summarizestheoverallcostingprocess.

如下所示，这张流程图概括了成本计算的整个过程。Thisvalveregulatestheflowofwater.

这个阀门调节水流。3ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥⅦⅧA级必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Withfewercarsonthe