汽车英语-第五版-Unit 4 Introduction to train

汽车英语（第五版）AutomobileEnglishUnit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainUnit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainPassageADriveTrain(I)Thedrivetrainservestwofunctions:ittransmitspowerfromtheenginetothedrivewheels,anditvariestheamountoftorque.“Power”isthespeedatwhichworkisperformed.“Torque”istwistingforce.Thedrivetrainincludes:transmissionthatisconnectedtothebackoftheengineandsendsthepowerfromtheenginetothedrivewheels;driveshaftthattransmitsthepowerfromtransmissiontodifferential;anddifferentialthatsendsthepowertothetwowheelaxles.Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainPassageADriveTrain(I)Sometypesofdrivetrainlayoutsusea“transaxle”,whichissimplyacombinationofthetransmissionandthedifferential.Theseareusuallyfoundonfrontwheeldrivecars（Figure4-1）,butarealsousedonrear-enginecars（Figure4-2）.Figure4-1

FrontWheelDriveLayout

Figure4-2

RearWheelDriveLayoutUnit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainPassageADriveTrain(I)TransmissionTypeTherearetwotypesoftransmissions:manualtransmission(MT)andautomatictransmission(AT).Ifyouhaveacarwithamanualtransmission,youhavetoshiftthegearsyourself,usuallywithasticklocatedonyourconsoleandtheclutchpedal.Ifyouhaveacarwhithanautomatictransmission,themechanismchangeswithoutanyhelpfromyou.Thisisaccomplishedthroughasystemthatworksbyoilpressure.Eachshiftofthegearsiscontrolledbyashiftvalve;thegearchangesdependonspeed,andtheroad,andloadconditions.Bothmanualtransmission(withitsclutch)andautomatictransmission(plusitstorqueconverter)accomplishexactlythesamething,buttheydoitintotallydifferentways.Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainPassageADriveTrain(I)ManualTransmissionManualtransmissions(Figure4-3)usuallyhavefourorfivespeeds,andoftenhave“overdrive”,whichmeansthattheoutputshaftcanturnfasterthantheinputshaftforfueleconomyonthehighway.Ingeneral,transmissionswithmorespeedsprovidebetterfueleconomyandsmoothershifting,buttheycostmoretomanufacture,sosmallsub-compactcarswilloftenhaveoptional4speedtransmissions,whilemoreupscalecarswillhave5or6speedtransmissions.Figure4-3Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainPassageADriveTrain(I)AutomaticTransmissionThemodernautomatictransmissionisbyfarthemostcomplicatedmechanicalcomponentintoday’sautomobile.

Automatictransmissionscontainmechanicalsystems,hydraulicsystems,electricalsystemsandcomputercontrols,allworkingtogetherinperfectharmony.

Allautomatictransmissionshaveashifterthathasatleast4positions,park,reverseneutralanddrive.

Manyunitsalsohavealowrangetoassistinenginebrakingonlongdownhillruns.

Othershavespecialpositionswherethedrivercanmanuallyshiftifdesired,seeFigure4-4.Figure4-4Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainPassageADriveTrain(I)Automatictransmissionscontainmanygearsinvariouscombinations.

Inamanualtransmission,gearsslidealongshaftsasyoumovetheshiftleverfromonepositiontoanother,engagingvarioussizedgearsasrequiredinordertoprovidethecorrectgearratio.Inanautomatictransmission,however,thegearsareneverphysicallymovedandarealwaysengagedtothesamegears.

Thisisaccomplishedthroughtheuseofplanetarygearsets,seeFigure4-5.Figure4-5Figure4-5Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainPassageADriveTrain(I)Thebasicplanetarygearsetconsistsofasungear,aringgearandtwoormoreplanetgears,allremaininginconstantmesh.

Theplanetgearsareconnectedtoeachotherthroughacommoncarrierthatallowsthegearstospinonshaftscalled“pinions”attachedtothecarrier.Notes1.Thedrivetrainincludestransmissionthatisconnectedtothebackoftheengineandsendsthepowerfromtheenginetothedrivewheels,driveshaftthattransmitsthepowerfromtransmissiontodifferential,anddifferentialthatsendsthepowertothetwowheelaxles.本句为定语从句。句中transmission，driveshaft和differential均为谓语动词includes后接的三个并列宾语；同时，三个并列宾语又作为先行词后接定语从句。此句可译为：传动系包括变速器（与发动机尾部连接，将发动机的动力传递到驱动轮）、传动轴（将动力从变速器传递到差速器）和差速器（将动力传递到两个半轴）。2.Ifyouhaveamanualtransmission,youhavetoshiftthegearsyourself,usuallywithasticklocatedonyourconsoleandtheclutchpedal.本句为条件句。句中shiftthegears译为“换挡”；located为动词的过去分词做后置定语。此句译为：如果是手动变速器，必须自己换挡，通常用控制台上的操纵杆和离合器踏板来操作。

Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainNotes3.Automatictransmissionscontainmechanicalsystems,hydraulicsystems,electricalsystemsandcomputercontrols,allworkingtogetherinperfectharmony.本句为简单句。句中的现在分词working引导的短句为伴随状语。此句译为：自动变速器包含机械系统、液压系统、电气系统和计算机控制装置，所有这些彼此协调共同运行。4.Theplanetgearsareconnectedtoeachotherthroughacommoncarrierthatallowsthegearstospinonshaftscalled“pinions”attachedtothecarrier.此句是一个定语从句。由连词that引导的定语从句修饰carrier；句中carrier可译为“行星齿轮架”；过去分词called做后置定语修饰shafts，同时attached也是动词过去分词做后置定语修饰“pinions”。此句译为：行星齿轮通过共用的行星齿轮架相互连接，行星齿轮架使行星齿轮在被称为“小齿轮”的轴上旋转，“小齿轮”与行星齿轮架相连接。Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainNewWordsvary['vɛəri]v.变化，改变twisting['twistiŋ]n.扭转include[in'klu:d]v.包括，连……在内

driveshaft[ˈdraɪvʃɑːft]n.驱动轴，传动轴，主动轴differential[ˌdɪfəˈrenʃ(ə)l]n.差速器layout[ˈleɪaʊt]n.布局，安排transaxle[træns'æksl]n.驱动桥，变速驱动桥，变速传动器，联合传动器manual['mænjuəl]a.手动（的），人工（的）automatic[ɔːtəˈmætɪk]a.自动的，自动装置axle[æksl]n.轮轴，车轴shift[ʃɪft]v.改变，移转，移位gear[giə]n.齿轮，传动装置，齿轮组stick[stik]n.手动杆console[kən'səul]n.控制台，操纵台Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainNewWordsaccomplish[əˈkʌmplɪʃ]v.完成，实现，达到（目的）mechanism[ˈmekənɪzəm]n.机械装置，机构clutch[klʌtʃ]n.离合器smooth[smuːð]a.平稳的，流畅的，平滑的，平顺的mechanical[məˈkænɪkl]a.机械的，力学的component[kəmˈpəʊnənt] n.部件，成分，零件hydraulic[haɪˈdrɒlɪk]a.液压的harmony[ˈhɑːməni]n.协调，和睦，调和shifter[ˈʃɪftə(r)]n.换挡操纵杆downhill[ˌdaʊnˈhɪl]a.向坡下的，走下坡路的

ad.向坡下地，走下坡路地engaging[ɪnˈɡeɪdʒɪŋ]a.接合的，啮合的planetary[ˈplænətri]a.行星的carrier[ˈkæriə(r)] n.支座，托架，行星齿轮架spin[spɪn]v.旋转pinion[ˈpɪnjən]n.小齿轮Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainPhrasesandExpressionsdrivetrain传动系统twistingforce扭力，扭转力drivewheel主动轮，驱动轮wheelaxle轮轴，半轴clutchpedal离合器踏板oilpressure油压，油压力shiftvalve换挡油阀，换挡阀fueleconomy油耗，燃油经济性torqueconverter液力变矩器Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainPhrasesandExpressionslowrange低速挡，低挡shiftlever变速杆gearratio齿数比，速比，减速比planetarygearset行星齿轮组sungear太阳齿轮，横行齿轮planetgear行星齿轮constantmesh常啮合Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainEXERCISE1EXERCISE1Matchthewordorphrasewiththemaintenancetool.—1——2——3—

—4——5—

—6—A.PistonRingPliersB.TappetWrenchC.ValveGrindingToolD.Tire-LeverE.StartingCrankF.HoseforBreakBleedingBCAEFDUnit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainEXERCISE2TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseorEnglish.1.reardriveshaft

_____________________2.__________________驱动轮3.drivetrain

_____________________

4.__________________自动变速驱动桥5.clutchpedal

_____________________

6.__________________液力变矩器7.gearratio

_____________________

8.__________________手动变速器9.shiftlever

_____________________

10._________________行星齿轮后传动轴drivewheel传动系automatictransaxle离合器踏板torqueconverter齿轮数比manualtransaxle变速杆planetgearUnit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainEXERCISE3Thefollowingaresomeexpressionsforthefamousbrands.MatchthefollowingbrandsinColumnAwiththeirChineseequivalentsinColumnB.Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainAB1.A.Ssangyong2.B.Porsche3.C.SkodaBFGEXERCISE3Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrain4.D.Saab5.E.Smart6.F.

Renault7.G.Rolls-RoyceHDJCEXERCISE3Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrain8.H.Rover9.I.Subaru10.J.SeatEAIPassageBDriveTrain(II)ClutchAnotherbasiccomponentofalldrivetrainsisaclutch.Itisarotatingmechanismbetweentheengineandthetransmission.Itoperatesthroughfrictionwhichcomesfromcontactbetweentheparts.Inacarwithamanualtransmission,weneedaclutchbecausetheenginespinsallthetimeandthecarwheelsdon’t.Inorderforacartostopwithoutkillingtheengine,thewheelsneedtobedisconnectedfromtheenginesomehow.Theclutchallowsustosmoothlyengageaspinningenginetoanon-spinningtransmissionbycontrollingtheslippagebetweenthem.Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainPassageBDriveTrain(II)Theclutchassemblyincludestheflywheel,clutchdisk,pressureplateandthelinkagenecessarytooperatetheclutch.Seefigure4-6.Theflywheelisboltedtothecrankshaftoftheengine.Itsmainfunctionistotransferenginetorquefromtheenginetothetransmission.Seefigure4-7.Theclutchdiskisbasicallyasteelplate,coveredwithafrictionalmaterialthatgoesbetweentheflywheelandthepressureplate.Seefigure4-8.Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainFigure4-6ClutchAssemblyFigure4-7FlywheelFigure4-8ClutchDiskPassageBDriveTrain(II)Apressureplateisboltedtotheflywheel.Itincludesasheetmetalcover,heavyreleasesprings,ametalpressureringthatprovidesafrictionsurfacefortheclutchdisk.Seefigure4-9.Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainFigure4-9PressurePlateThereleasebearingistheheartofclutchoperation.Whentheclutchpedalisdepressed,thereleasebearingmovestowardtheflywheel,pushinginthereleasefingersandmovingthereleasefingersfingersagainstpressureplatespringforce.PassageBDriveTrain(II)Thelinkagemultipliesthedriver’slegforceandtransmitstheforcetothereleasefork.Amechanicalclutchlinkageusuallyconsistsoftheclutchpedal,aseriesoflinkagerodsandarms,oracable,seeFigure4-10(a).Ahydraulicclutchlinkagetypicallyincludesaclutchmastercylinderandreservoir,ahydrauliclineandaslavecylinder,seeFigure4-10(b).Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainFigure4-10LinkagePassageBDriveTrain(II)TorqueConverterAutomatictransmissioncarsusea“torqueconverter”insteadofaclutch.Atorqueconverterisalagerdoughnutshapeddevicethatismountedbetweentheengineandthetransmission.Itturnsatthesamespeedastheengine.Figure4-11showshoweverythingisconnectedinsidethetorqueconverter.Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainFigure4-11TorqueConverterPassageBDriveTrain(II)Thetorqueconverterhasthreepartsthatworktogethertotransmitpowertothetransmission.Thethreepartsofthetorqueconverterareimpeller(orpump),theturbine,andthestator,seeFigure4-12.Theimpellerismounteddirectlytothetorquehousingwhichinturnisbolteddirectlytotheengine’scrankshaftandturnsatenginespeed.Theturbineisinsidethehousingandisconnecteddirectlytotheinputshaftofthetransmissionprovidingpowertomovethecar.Thestator(orguidewheel)betweenthetwoismountedtoaone-wayclutchsothatitcanspinfreelyinonedirectionbutnotintheother.Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainFigure4-12InsideofTorqueConverterPassageBDriveTrain(II)Thetorqueconverterisfilledwithtransmissionfluidthatismovedbytheimpellerblades.Thestator’svanescatchtheoilthrownofffromtheimpeller,anduseittomovetheturbine’sblades.Whentheimpellerspinsaboveacertainspeed,theturbinespins,drivenbytheimpeller.Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainPassageBDriveTrain(II)DriveshaftAdriveshaftanduniversaljoints(U-joints)connectthetransmissiontothereardriveaxleonmostrear-wheel-drivecars,seeFigure4-13.Manyfour-wheel-drivecarsalsousedriveshaftsanduniversaljoints,withonedriveshaftbetweenthetransfercaseandreardriveaxleandaseconddriveshaftbetweenthetransfercaseandthefrontdriveaxle.Thedriveshaftissometimescalledapropellershaft.Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainFigure4-13DriveshaftandU-jointsPassageBDriveTrain(II)ThedriveshaftandU-jointsprovideameansoftransferringenginetorquetodriveaxles.Theuniversaljointsallowthedriveshafttomoveupanddown,toallowforsuspensiontravel.Somedriveshaftsalsohaveaslipjointthatallowsthedriveshafttomakeminorlengthchangesasthecarsuspensionheightchanges.DifferentialSystemThedifferentialsystemismountedinahousingoradifferentialcaseandrevolveswiththeringgear,seeFigure4-14.Itperformstwotasks.Whenthecaristravelingstraightahead,bothwheelsarefreetorotate,theleverwilldividethedivingforceequally,andbothdiskswillmovethesameamountofdistance.Whenacariscornered,theinnerwheelmovesthroughashorterdistancethantheouterwheel.Thismeansthattheinnerwheelmustslowdown,andtheouterwheelmustspeedup.Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainPassageBDriveTrain(II)Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainFigure4-14DifferentialSystemNewWordsdisconnect[diskə'nekt]v.分离，切断engage[in'geidʒ]v.接合，啮合slippage['slipidʒ]n.滑移，滑动frictional['frikʃənəl]a.摩擦的depress[di'pres]v.压低，压下，按下multiply['mʌltiplai]v.增加，倍增，增多fork[fɔ:k]n.叉，拨叉，离合器叉reservoir['rezəvwɑ:]n.储液罐doughnut['dəunʌt]n.环状物impeller[im'pelə]n.泵轮，轮叶turbine['tə:bin]n.涡轮stator['steitə]n.导轮vane[vein]n.叶片blade[bleid]n.叶片，轮片propeller[prə'pelə]n.推进器suspension[səs'penʃən]n.悬挂，悬架Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainPhrasesandExpressionsbasiccomponent基础部件clutchdisk(clutchplate)离合器盘pressureplate离合器压盘releasespring膜片弹簧，分离弹簧pressurering压环，压盘frictionsurface摩擦面，摩擦表面releasebearing(throw-outbearing)分离轴承releasefinger离合器分离爪，离合器分离指clutchmastercylinder离合器总泵，离合器主缸hydraulicline液压管路slavecylinder离合器分泵，从动缸Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainPhrasesandExpressionsinputshaft输入轴，主动轴transmissionfluid传动液，变速器液universaljoint万向接头，万向节transfercase分动箱，分动器propellershaft

驱动轴driveaxle传动轴，驱动桥differentialcase差动齿轮箱，差速器箱innerwheel内侧车轮outerwheel外侧车轮Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainEXERCISE4Abbreviationsareveryusefulinpracticalwork.DoyouknowthefollowingEnglishabbreviationsyouoftencomeacrossinhandlingautomotivematerials?ReadthemandthentranslatethemintocorrespondingChineseterms.1.FWD front-wheel-drive

______________

2.RWD rear-wheel-drive

______________3.4WD four-wheel-drive

______________4.PO PowerOutput

______________5.PCM Power-trainControlModule

______________6.PTU PowerTransferUnit

______________前轮驱动后轮驱动四轮驱动输出功率动力传动系控制模块动力分配装置Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainThefollowingistheairfilter.Sample

Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainUnit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainEnglishTermsExplanationsChinese1.EnginecompartmentTheplacewhereengineandsomeotherpartsareinstalledA.发动机舱2.EnginecoolantreservoirAcontainerforenginecoolantB.冷却液罐3.EngineoilfillercapAcoverforengineoilfillerC.发动机机油注油口盖4.BrakefluidreservoirAcontainerforbrakeoilD.制动液储液罐5.BatteryterminalsBatteryconnectingendsE.蓄电池接线柱6.FuseboxAcaseforfuseF.熔丝盒EngineCompartmentUnit4IntroductiontoDriveTrain7.AircleanerAirfilterG.空气滤清器8.RadiatorcapAcoverforradiatorH.散热器盖9.EngineoildipstickArodthatgaugestheengineoilintheoilpanI.发动机机油量油尺10.WindshieldwasherfluidreservoirAwasherfluidcontainerforcleaningwindshieldJ.风挡玻璃清洗液罐11.PowersteeringfluidreservoirAcontainerforsteeringoilK.转向助力液罐EXERCISE5WritedownthenameofthepartsinEnglishaccordingtothefigurebelow.AirfilterEnginecoolantreservoirEngineoilfillercapFuseboxRadiatorcapEngineoildipstickBrakefluidreservoirPowersteeringfluidreservoirBatteryWindshieldwasherfluidreservoirUnit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainEXERCISE5WritedownthenameofthepartsinEnglishaccordingtothefigurebelow.1.________________________2.______________________3.________________________4.______________________5.________________________6.______________________7.________________________8.______________________9.________________________10._______________________EngineoilfillercapAirfilterBatteryEngineoildipstickWindshieldwasherfluidreservoirBrakefluidreservoirFuseboxRadiatorcapPowersteeringfluidreservoirEnginecoolantreservoirUnit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainEXERCISE6Thefollowingishowtochangeatire.Afterreading,youarerequiredtochoosethesuitabletermsgivenbelow.A:Openthefueltankcap,eitherwithaswitchontheinsideofyourcar.B:Followthepaymentinstructionsonthegaspump.C:Chooseyourpump,driveupbesideitandturnofftheengine.D:Removethenozzlefromthepumpandinsertitintothefuelfilleropening.E:Chooseagradeofgasolineandactivatethepumpbypushingabuttonorliftingahandleunderneathyourchoice.Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainEXERCISE61.C2.A3.B4.E5.DUnit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainUnit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainTroubleshootingGuideHowtoChangeaTimingBeltStep1Step2Operation:Buyanewbeltbeforeproceedingwithremovingtheoldone.Operation:Gathertheinformationaboutyourvehicle.Step3Step4Operation:Makesureyoualsopurchasegasketsandgasketadhesivesrequiredforreassembly.Operation:

Loosenthemountingbolt(s)holdingthebelttensionerusinganyspecialcamholdingtools,whilefollowingtheservicemanual.Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainStep5Step6Operation:

Examinethetensionerpulleyfordamagesuchasdentsorcracks.

Operation:Slidethebeltoffthesprockets.

Step7

Operation:

Replacewithanewbeltandreassemble.Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainEXERCISE7FittingStep1Step2断开电池负极电缆。拆卸掉交流发电机皮带。Step3Step4拆卸任何附件，如动力转向泵、交流发电机和空调压缩机，以便可以进入正时皮带盖。如果车辆配备了分电器盖，请拆卸分电器盖。Unit4IntroductiontoDriveTrainStep5Step6排列好计时标记。确定是否需要拆卸谐波平衡器皮带轮，以便拆卸正时皮