初升高中英语暑假衔接材料：专题03 非谓语动词密码速通（暑假复习讲义）（原卷版）

/专题03非谓语动词密码速通（考点全解析）考点序号考点聚焦考点一动词不定式考点二动词ing形式考点三过去分词考点四独立主格结构脉脉｜络｜重｜构动词不定式：基本形式为todo，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，往往有将来意味。其被动式为tobedone，进行式为tobedoing，完成式为tohavedone，完成被动式为tohavebeendone，完成进行式为tohavebeendoing。动名词：形式为doing，既具有动词的某些特征，又具有名词的句法功能，相当于名词，指经常性、习惯性的动作。其被动式为beingdone，完成式为havingdone，完成被动式为havingbeendone。现在分词：形式为doing，相当于形容词、副词，往往有现在意味，表示主动和进行。其被动式为beingdone，完成式为havingdone，完成被动式为havingbeendone。过去分词：形式为done，相当于形容词、副词，本身兼有被动、完成意义。及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成，不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。考考｜点｜精｜讲考点一动词不定式【知识精讲】一．动词不定式的形式、时态和语态用法：1.不定式的基本形式为“to+动词原形”；否定式为“not/never+to+动词原形”。Thedoctoradvisedmetotakemedicine.医生建议我吃药。Hetoldmenottodoso.他叫我别那么做。2.动词不定式没有人称、数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化：（1）一般式：主动语态→todo；被动语态→tobedone（2）完成式：主动语态→tohavedone；被动语态→tohavebeendone（3）进行式：主动语态→tobedoing；被动语态→（无）（4）完成进行式：主动语态→tohavebeendoing；被动语态→（无）二．动词不定式的用法用法：1.不定式作名词的用法：不定式可以像名词一样，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。不定式作主语和表语Theyagreedtogiveittomethenextday.不定式作宾语他们同意第二天将它给我。Idon’twishthesubjecttoberaisedagain.不定式作宾语补足语我不希望再提起这个话题。2.不定式作副词的用法：不定式可作副词用，修饰动词或形容词，在句中作状语，表目的、原因、结果等。Hecametogiveusatalkyesterday.不定式表目的他昨天来（为了）给我们作报告。Iamsorrytohearthesadnews.不定式表原因听到这个坏消息，我很难过。Iwastootiredtomove.我累得不能动了。不定式表结果3.不定式作形容词的用法：不定式作形容词用时，修饰名词或代词，在句中担任定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后，二者在逻辑上既可是主谓关系，也可是动宾关系。当不定式与被修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上是动宾关系，且不定式为不及物动词时，不定式后要加上相应的介词。Ihavenofriendstohelpme.不定式tohelp和名词friends是主谓关系我没有朋友来帮助我。Ihavetoomanythingstodo.不定式todo和名词things是动宾关系我有太多事情要做。提示：动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语（不定式短语）移到句末。不定式前有时还会带一个of或for引导的逻辑主语。“forsb.”前的形容词常表客观属性，“ofsb.”前的形容词常表主观感情或态度。Itisdifficultforthestudentstoreadthebook.学生们读这本书有点儿难。Itiscarelessofhimtobreakthecup.他太粗心了，把杯子打碎了。在hope，demand，agree，refuse等后可接不定式作宾语，但不能接不定式作宾语补足语，即不能说hope/demand/agree/refusesb.todo。不定式作宾语补足语，如果与宾语在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式用主动式；如果与宾语在逻辑上是动宾关系，不定式用被动式。注意：不定式与疑问词who，what，which，when，where，how等连用构成不定式短语，在句中可担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。Whattodoisabigproblem.做什么是个大问题。Ididn’tfindoutwhentoleave.我不清楚何时出发。Shewilltelluswheretogoandwhentostart.她将会告诉我们去哪里和什么时候出发。Thequestionishowtogetthere.问题是如何到那儿去。三．动词不定式的省略用法：1.某些感官动词或使役动词用于主动语态时，作其宾语补足语的不定式省略to。Iheardhersinginthekitchen.我听见她在厨房里唱歌。2.两个（以上）不定式并列，尤其是由and或or连接时，第二个不定式中常常省略to。Ipromisedtofinishmyhomeworkand(to)handitinonetime.我答应完成作业并按时交上。3.but，except，besides等前有行为动词do时，后可跟不带to的不定式。Theenemycandonothingbut/exceptsurrender.敌人除了投降，别无选择。4.在hadbetterdosth.；had/wouldratherdosth.；had/wouldratherdosth.thatdosth.；cannotbutdosth.等句型中，省略了to。Shewouldrathersavemoneythanbuyclothes.她宁愿攒钱也不想买衣服。5.一个动词在前面已经出现过，再次以不定式形式出现时，为避免重复，可省略不定式中的动词原形，而只保留to。Hedoesn’tgojoggingasheusedto.他不再像过去一样慢跑了。提示：当一个不定式被省略时，如为“todo”型不定式，to要保留下来，表示省略了一个不定式；如为“tobe”型或“tohavedone”型不定式，则保留to，并加be或have。-Wouldyouliketobeateacher?你想当老师吗？-Yes,I’dliketobe.是的，想。四．动词不定式的重要句型用法：1.ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.表示“请/告诉某人（不要）做某事”。Hermotheraskedhertowashthedishes.她妈妈让她洗碗。2.want/wish(sb.)todosth.表示“想（让某人）去做某事”。Iwant/wishtobeanactress.我想成为一名女演员。3.hopetodosth.表示“希望做某事”。Ihopetodoitmyself.我希望亲自做这件事。4.too+形容词/副词+(to)dosth.表示“太……（以致）不能……”。Hewastoonervoustosayaword.他太紧张了，以至于说不出一句话来。5.too...+forsb.todosth.表示“对某人来说，太……以致不能……”。Itistoodarkforhimtoseeanythingintheroom.房间里太黑，他什么也看不见。6.形容词+enoughtodosth.表示“太……（以至）不能……”。Mysonisoldenoughtogotoschool.我儿子足够大了，到上学的年龄了。【巩固提升】1．Iregret(tell)youthattheflightyoubookedhasbeencanceledduetobadweather.2．Thecaptaincanalwaysfindaway(encourage)histeammembers.3．Iexaminedthechick(雏鸟)anditseemedfine.Mynextworkwas(construct)anestandanchoritinatree.4．Whenyouplananexerciseroutine,thefirstthing(consider)iswhatyouexpecttoimprove:heartandlungefficiency.5．(ignore)thepotentialrisksofartificialintelligencewouldbeextremelyshort-sighted.6．Sportwillencourageyou(maintain)apositiveandbalancedoutlook.7．Hewrotealetter

(request)permissiontojointheschool’smusicclub.8．Thesportsmeetingislikely(cancel)onaccountoftheheavyrain.9．TraditionalChinesesealmakersoftenusetianhuangstone,whichisdifficult(carve)becauseofitsrelativesoftness.10．Thebraveboyprefers(solve)problemsbyhimselfratherthanaskforothers’help.11．Withsomanychallengingtasks(complete),hefeltsortofanxious.12．Youneedtoeatfoodsrichinprotein(help)yourmusclesrecoverandrepairthemselvesafterexercise.13．Wemustgraspeveryopportunityto(strength)culturalexchangewithothercountries.14．Practisingtaichihasinspiredme(explore)theChineseculturebehindit.15．Thisweek,weintend(put)thistheorytothetestbyaskingyou,ourreaders,towriteatitleforthispicture.16．Onthewhole,hehasthepotential(become)aworld-classmusician.17．Theydon’thavethecourage(apologize)fortheiractions.18．Weshouldmakeeveryeffort(solve)theproblem.19．Printedbooksareexpensiveandnoteasy(carry).20．Theywanted(design)amachinethatwasbothattractiveanduseful.考点二动词-ing形式【知识精讲】一．动词-ing形式的概述用法：动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词两种，由动词原形加-ing构成。其时态和语态如下（以及物动词do为例）：（1）一般式：主动语态→doing；被动语态→beingdone（2）完成式：主动语态→havingdone；被动语态→havingbeendone（3）完成进行式：主动语态→havingbeendoing；被动语态→（无）如果是不及物动词，则没有被动语态，主动语态也没有完成进行式，以不及物动词go为例，其一般式为going，完成式为havinggone。Theboyisfondofplayingfootball.这个男孩喜欢踢足球。Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.这只松鼠很幸运，差一点被抓到。提示：动词-ing形式的否定式是在其前加not。Notknowinghowtodyethesilkred,hewenttoherforhelp.由于不知道怎样把丝绸染成红色，他去向她求助。二．动词-ing形式的用法用法：1.动词-ing形式作主语，表示经常性、事物化、抽象化的行为。Readingbooksmakesonewise.读书使人明智。2.动词-ing形式作表语，表示较抽象的习惯性动作或主语的特征、性质。Herinterestiscollectingshoes.她的爱好是收集鞋子。3.动词-ing形式可作动词宾语或介词宾语。后跟动词-ing作宾语的动词与短语有admit，advise，consider，enjoy，can’thelp，feellike等。Ienjoylisteningtorockmusic.我喜欢听摇滚乐。4.动词-ing形式作定语，表示所修饰词的用途或经常性或进行中的动作。Thereisaswimmingpoolinmycard.我的院子里有一个游泳池。5.动词-ing形式可在动词feel，hear，smell，listento，leave，keep，set等后作宾补。宾语和宾补在逻辑上是主谓关系，且表示动作正在进行，状态正在持续。Whatshesaidsetmethinkingdeeply.她说的话使我深思。6.动词-ing形式作时间、原因、让步、方式、伴随、结果等状语。Walkinginthestreet,Isawafriendofmine.走在街上，我遇见了一个朋友。提示：动词-ing形式作主语时，有时用it作形式主语来代替动名词短语，常见句型为：It’snouse/nogood/useless/notanyuse+(sb’s)doing...It’snogoodtalkingtohim.同他谈没用。【巩固提升】1．Manyoldpeoplego(jog)forexerciseintheparkintheearlymorning.2．Ipreferreadingto(watch)TVinmysparetime.3．Thosescientistswhodedicatetheirlivestotheouterspaceexplorationareworth(learn)from.4．Manykidsareaddictedto(surf)theInternet,sotheyhavelostinterestinstudy.5．Therefore,it’shightimewetookmeasurestopreventwater(pollute).6．Currently,(earn)alivinghasbecomemorechallengingforordinarypeople.7．Theyendedup(quarrel)becauseofasmallthing.8．Everythingthatisworthdoingisworthyof(do)well.9．Remember,yourtrueselfisthemostbeautifulversion,worthyof(love)andcherished.10．Despite(refer)tothedictionary,hestillcouldn’tunderstandthelongsentence.11．SanxingduiMuseumisthelargestmuseuminSouthwestChinawithalargenumberofpreciousrelics(date)asfarbackas5,000yearsago.12．Not(grow)upinChina,he’sawareofhisknowledgegaps.13．(star)TomHanks,ForrestGumpisdefinitelyamovieyoushouldnotmiss!14．TheRepublicanParty,(refer)tothemselvesproudlyas“thepartyofLincoln”,istakingpowerinAmerica.15．Many(struggle)artistsintheearly20thcentury,despitetheirremarkabletalent,livedinpovertybecausetheirworkswerenotrecognizedbythemainstreamsocietyatthattime.16．Thecoins(date)fromtheyear275ADto221BCweredugupontheisland.17．Zuocao,(sit)attheback,playsgongs,bowls,andclappers.18．Theparkisopentopeopleofallages,(range)fromyoungchildrentotheelderly.19．Likecars(run)onpetrol,yourbodyburnscarbohydratesforenergy.20．(date)backtoover2,000yearsago,theSilkRoadconnectedChinawiththeWest.

考点三过去分词【知识精讲】一．过去分词的概述用法：过去分词的基本形式是“动词原形加-ed”，但也有不规则的形式，不规则动词的过去分词要逐个记忆。过去分词一般表示完成和被动的动作，只有一种形式。Lookatthebrokenglasses.看看那些碎了的玻璃杯。二．过去分词的用法用法：1.过去分词作表语，表示被动或者表示主语所处的状态。Iwaspleasedatthenews.听到这个消息，我很高兴。2.过去分词作定语，一般都含完成和被动之意。但不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动意义，只表示完成意义。Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.地上有许多落叶。3.过去分词可在动词see，feel，hear，notice，watch，make，let，get等后作宾补，宾补和宾语在逻辑上是动宾关系。Iheardthewindowsbeatenbyraindrops.我听到雨点敲打窗户的声音。4.过去分词作状语，表示时间、原因、让步、条件、伴随、结果等。Wounded,thebravesoldiercontinuedtofight.虽然受伤了，那位勇敢的战士继续战斗。【巩固提升】1．Despitethenoisefromtheoutside,thestudentmanagedtokeephisattention(concentrate)ontheteacher’sexplanation.2．TheBack-to-SchoolSpeech(deliver)byPresidentObamatoAmericanhighschoolstudentsin2009encouragedthemtostudyhardandtobetheauthorsoftheirowndestinies.3．(complete)in610,thecanalgrewmoreandmoreimportantthroughoutChinaoverthenext500years.4．Hewassittingbythewindowwithhishead(bury)inadetectivenovel.5．Withmanytreasures(bury)inthetomb,thearchaeologistsworkedcarefully.

6．Withthematch

(postpone)duetoheavyrain,theteampracticedindoorsinstead.7．YuanLongping,often(refer)toas“FatherofHybridRice”,hassavedmillionsoflives.8．Theearthquakeleftthousandsofpeople(trap)inthecity.

9．(adapt)fromtheworkbyVictorHugo,themusicaltellsapowerfulandmovingstoryoflove.10．(bury)inpracticingcalligraphy,theteenagerdidn’tnoticeitwasgettingdark.考点四独立主格结构【知识精讲】一．独立主格结构的概述用法：独立主格结构由名词或主格代词加上其他成分（非谓语动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语）构成，在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子；在意思上依附于整个句子，其作用相当于状语从句，可表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状况等。独立主格结构可置于句首或句尾，其逻辑主语与句中主语不同，不指同一人或同一物。Springcomingon,thetreesturngreen.春天来了，树都变绿了。表时间，独立主格中逻辑主语是spring，句中主语是thetreesGarysatsilently,eyesclosed.加里静静地坐着，双眼紧闭。表伴随，独立主语中逻辑主语是eyes，句中主语是Gary二．独立主格结构的构成及用法用法：1.名词/主格代词+不定式：名词或代词是不定式所表示的动作的执行者，与不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系，这种结构可位于句首或句末，不定式多表示将来的动作。Theteachertohelpus,wewillsucceed.有老师的帮助，我们就能成功。2.名词/主格代词+现在分词：名词或代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。Timepermitting,wecanfinishthework.若时间许可，我们就能完成这项工作。3.名词/主格代词+过去分词：名词或代词通常为过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，与过去分词构成逻辑上的动宾关系或系表结构。Thesignalgiven,thebusstarted.发出信号后，汽车开始前进。4.名词/主格代词+形容词/副词/介词短语：形容词、副词或介词短语常用来说明或代词的特征、性质或所处状态。Themeetingover,thestudentsweredismissed.会议结束，学生们解散了。5.Therebeing+名词/代词。Therebeingnobuses,Ihadtowalkhome.因为没有车，我不得不步行回家。提示：“with/without+名词/代词宾格+不定式/分词/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语”的作用相当于独立主格短语，在句中可作时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随等状语。另外，此结构还可作后置定语，修饰其前的名词。Ican’tgoout,withalotofhomeworktodo.表原因我不能出去，因为有许多作业要做。Theclassroomisverybrightwithallthelightsturnedon.表原因教室里所有的灯都开着，非常明亮。Helayonthegrass,withhiseyeslookingatthesky.表方式他躺在草地上，眼睛注视着天空。【巩固提升】1．byhisflushedcheeks,Shrekisactuallyveryconcernedabouttheelectionresultandquitenervousaboutit.(judge)2．Hecamein,rain(stream)fromhisclothesandhair.3．Differentoccasions(take)intoaccount,tablemannersdifferalot.4．Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld,themostwell-known(be)thegeneraltheoryofrelativity.5．Mary(come)back,theydiscussedittogether.6．Everything(take)intoconsideration,theybelievedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtotheirpositions.7．(judge)fromthehappyshoutsoutsidetonight,I’msuretheyhavewonthegame.8．Thepartywillbeheldinthegardenasscheduled,weather(permit).9．(judge)fromwhathesaid,heisanoldhandinthisfield.10．Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather(permit)．【答案】permitting一．单句语法填空1．Thereisnopoint(compare)youwithothersallthetime.2．Missingtheapplicationdeadlinemightpreventmefromtouniversitythisyear.(admit)3．Withoutenoughinformation,wedecidedtopostpone(make)anydecision.4．Aftermovingtoanewcountry,manypeopleendup(adapt)tothelocalcustomswithoutevenrealizingit.5．TheaccidentonthemorningoflastSundayresultedinthree.(kill)6．LastJuly,itrainedheavilyinthesouth,(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.7．ThecrowdfilledthesquareduringtheNationalDay.(celebrate)8．(realize)theimportanceofkindness,hedecidedtovolunteerinthecommunity.9．Thebridgeis2,890metreslong,withthemainspan(stretch)1,420metres.10．Jackstoodinfrontoftheclass,completely(forget)everywordthathehadpreparedforhisspeech.11．Thefoldablechair(design)byShirleyismosthelpfultotheelderly.12．Evenif(invite)to,Iwon’tgotosuchalecture.13．Theconductorlikestohavehisroom(decorate)withredlanterns.14．(inspire)byagirlsingingoneofhisworks,Ericaskedhisfanstomakemorevideosandjoinedthemtogetherintooneperformance.15．(equip)withessentialknowledgeandskills,I’msureIwilladapttothenewworkenvironmentquickly.16．(judge)fromthecurrentsituation,anewplanshouldbeputforwardassoonaspossible.17．Weather(permit),wewillgohikingthisSunday.18．Listeningtomusicenablesus(feel)relaxed.19．Wemanaged(get)overtheadversitiesinlearningEnglish.20．Despitethedifficultsituation,DrBethunedidwhateverhecould(assist)theChinesepeople.二．语法填空A阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。MyfriendandIhavebeencloseforseveralyears.We’rehardlyoutofeachother’ssight.ButlastSaturdayshe1(break)myheart.2(origin),weplannedtoseeafilmthatafternoon,butinthemorning,Ilearntfromamessagepostedonsocialmediathatshehadacold.Igaveher3calltellinghertomakea4(recover)athomeandshethankedmeformythoughtfulness.5mysurprise,however,shewasseenchattingwithanothergirlinacafeonSaturdayafternoon,whenshe6(expect)tostayathome.Obviously,sheliedaboutherillness.Iwasfilledwith7(angry)andavoidedmeetingheralldayandstilldon’tfeellikemakingany8(respond)toheronlinemessages.Idon’tknow9Ishouldforgiveherifsheignoresmyfeelingsorrefusestobackdown.Somepeopleadvisemetohaveafullandfranktalkwithherwhileotherssuggest10(rethink)ourrelationship.Iamatatotalloss.B阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Jeremywroteamessagetoawebsiteabouthishealthproblems,inwhichhesaidhe1(feed)upwithgettingsickallthetimeandfeltawkward2(fail)PEexams.Inresponsetohismessage,Dr.Martin3(recommend)long-distancerunningasitbringslotsofbenefits.First,itdoesn’tneedanyspecial4(equip).Also,runningstrengthensourimmunesystem,preventsdiseasesandhelpsusgetinshape.Besides,anybody5isfeelingdowncangoforaruntocheer6(them)up.Athirty-minuteruncanproviderelief7achesortensionthatonemaybesufferingduetostress.8(avoid)injuries,itisimportanttowarmupandcooldown9(proper).Justkeeprunning.Nothinggivesmoresatisfactionthan