2025年考研英语二真题答案解析

2025年考研英语二真题答案解析SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theconceptof"digitaldetox"hasgainedconsiderabletractioninrecentyears,emergingasanecessaryresponsetoourincreasinglyhyper-connectedlives.Whiletechnologyoffersundeniableconvenienceandinstantaccesstoinformation,theconstantbarrageofnotificationsandthepressuretoremainperpetuallyonlinecantakeaheavytollonmentalandphysicalwell-being.Consequently,manyindividualsarefindingthatsteppingawayfromtheirscreens,evenforashortperiod,canleadto__1__improvementsintheiroverallqualityoflife.However,theideaofcompletely__2__technologyisoftenimpracticalinamodernsocietywherework,communication,andentertainmentarelargelydigitized.Therefore,thegoalisnotnecessarilytoabandondevicesentirelybuttoestablishahealthier,more__3__relationshipwiththem.Thisinvolvessettingclearboundaries,suchasdesignated"tech-freezones"inthehomeorspecifictimesofdaywhennotificationsare__4__.Oneoftheprimarybenefitsofreducingscreentimeistherestorationofattentionspan.Continuousexposuretorapid-fireinformation__5__thebrain'sabilitytofocusondeepworkandcomplextasks.Bydisconnecting,individualsallowtheirmindstowanderandengageinsustainedthought,whichis__6__forcreativityandproblem-solving.Furthermore,reducingsocialmediausagecansignificantlylowerfeelingsofanxietyanddepression,asusersarelesslikelyto__7__themselveswiththecurated,oftenunrealisticlivesofothers.Sleeppatternsarealsopositively__8__byadigitaldetox.Thebluelightemittedbyphonesandcomputersinterfereswiththeproductionofmelatonin,thehormonethatregulatessleep.__9__devicesanhourbeforebedcanleadtodeeper,morerestorativesleep,leavingpeoplemoreenergizedand__10__tofacethechallengesofthenextday.Ultimately,thedigitaldetoxisaboutregainingcontrol.Itisaconsciouschoicetoprioritizereal-worldinteractionsandpersonalhealthoverthe__11__demandsofthedigitalworld.Whiletechnologywillcontinuetoevolve,maintainingthedisciplinetounplugremainsanessential__12__forpreservingourhumanityinthedigitalage.Itservesasa__13__thatwearethemastersofourtools,nottheotherwayaround.Implementingsuchchangesrequires__14__.Itisnotaboutasudden,drasticshiftbutratheraseriesofsmall,__15__adjustments.Startingwitha"no-phoneSunday"orlimitingemailcheckstospecificwindowscanmaketheprocess__16__.Overtime,thesehabitsbecomesecondnature,fosteringasenseofbalancethat__17__bothpersonalsatisfactionandprofessionalproductivity.Inconclusion,whilewecannotescapetherealityofadigitalsociety,wecan__18__howweinteractwithit.Bymindfullymanagingourconsumption,wecanenjoythebenefitsoftechnologywithoutbecoming__19__toit.Thedigitaldetoxisnotarejectionofprogress,buta__20__towardsamoremindfulandfulfillingexistence.1.[A]marginal[B]significant[C]negligible[D]detrimental2.[A]embracing[B]updating[C]abandoning[D]ignoring3.[A]aggressive[B]passive[C]balanced[D]distant4.[A]disabled[B]enhanced[C]received[D]expected5.[A]strengthens[B]impairs[C]fosters[D]monitors6.[A]trivial[B]optional[C]harmful[D]crucial7.[A]identify[B]compare[C]associate[D]confuse8.[A]affected[B]infected[C]reflected[D]neglected9.[A]Operating[B]Charging[C]Avoiding[D]Utilizing10.[A]reluctant[B]unable[C]prepared[D]forced11.[A]occasional[B]selective[C]relentless[D]flexible12.[A]strategy[B]luxury[C]habit[D]skill13.[A]promise[B]threat[C]reminder[D]goal14.[A]patience[B]speed[C]intelligence[D]strength15.[A]reversible[B]incremental[C]sudden[D]complex16.[A]manageable[B]impossible[C]stressful[D]boring17.[A]undermines[B]balances[C]ignores[D]maximizes18.[A]ignore[B]dictate[C]question[D]navigate19.[A]accustomed[B]enslaved[C]immune[D]indifferent20.[A]leap[B]threat[C]log[D]stepSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Theriseofthe"gigeconomy"hastransformedthelandscapeofworkinthe21stcentury,offeringflexibilityandautonomythattraditionalemploymentoftenlacks.PlatformslikeUber,Airbnb,andUpworkhaveempoweredmillionstobecometheirownbosses,settingtheirownhoursandchoosingtheirclients.Formany,thisshiftrepresentsaliberationfromtherigid9-to-5scheduleandtheconfinesofacorporateoffice.However,thisnewfoundfreedomcomesatacost.Theabsenceoftraditionalemploymentbenefits—suchashealthinsurance,paidsickleave,andretirementplans—placesasignificantfinancialburdenongigworkers.Whenagigworkerfallsillorwantstotakeavacation,incomestopsimmediately.Furthermore,theclassificationofworkersas"independentcontractors"ratherthanemployeesallowscompaniestoavoidpayingpayrolltaxesandprovidinglaborprotections,apracticethathassparkedintenselegalandethicaldebates.Criticsarguethatthegigeconomycreatesaprecariousunderclassofworkerswholackjobsecurityandcollectivebargainingpower.Whiletheplatformsmaytakeacommissionofupto20or30percent,theybearlittleresponsibilityforthewelfareoftheworkerswhodrivetheirprofits.Thisdynamichasledtocallsfornewregulationsthatwouldextendbasiclaborprotectionstogigworkers,ensuringthattheflexibilityoftheneweconomydoesnotcomeattheexpenseofworkerdignity.Despitethesechallenges,thegigeconomycontinuestogrow,drivenbybothconsumerdemandforconvenienceandworkerdesireforflexibility.Somecompanieshavebeguntoexperimentwithofferingbenefitspackages,albeitvoluntarily,toattractandretaintalent.Ultimately,thefutureofworkwilllikelyinvolveahybridmodel,wheretheautonomyofthegigeconomyisbalancedwiththesecurityoftraditionalemployment.Policymakersfacethedifficulttaskofcraftinglegislationthatfostersinnovationwhileprotectingtherightsofagrowingsegmentoftheworkforce.21.Thegigeconomyischaracterizedby______.[A]strictcorporateschedules[B]lackofworkerautonomy[C]flexibilityandself-management[D]guaranteedemploymentbenefits22.Onemajordisadvantageforgigworkersis______.[A]theinabilitytochooseclients[B]thelackoftraditionaljobsecurityandbenefits[C]thehighcostofusingdigitalplatforms[D]therequirementtoworkinoffices23.Theclassificationofworkersas"independentcontractors"impliesthat______.[A]companiesareresponsiblefortheirwelfare[B]theyareentitledtopaidsickleave[C]companiescanavoidcertainlaborobligations[D]theyhavestrongcollectivebargainingpower24.Criticsbelievethegigeconomy______.[A]shouldbeabolishedimmediately[B]createsavulnerableclassofworkers[C]providesadequateincomeforall[D]isthefutureofsustainableemployment25.Theauthorsuggeststhatthefutureofworkwilllikelybe______.[A]entirelygig-based[B]strictlyregulatedbyunions[C]acombinationofflexibilityandsecurity[D]dominatedbytraditionalcorporationsText2Urbanizationisanunstoppableglobaltrend,withmorethanhalfoftheworld'spopulationnowresidingincities.Thismassmigrationtourbancentersofferseconomicopportunitiesandaccesstosuperiorservices,butitalsopresentsprofoundenvironmentalchallenges.Cities,coveringjust3%oftheEarth'sland,accountforover70%ofglobalcarbonemissionsandconsumetwo-thirdsoftheworld'senergy.Tocombattheenvironmentalfootprintofurbanization,theconceptofthe"smartcity"hasemerged.SmartcitiesleveragetheInternetofThings(IoT),bigdata,andartificialintelligencetooptimizeresourceusageandimprovethequalityoflifeforresidents.Forexample,smartgridscanbalanceelectricityloadstoreducewaste,whileintelligenttrafficmanagementsystemscanalleviatecongestion,therebyloweringemissions.However,theimplementationofsmartcitytechnologiesisnotwithoutrisks.Privacyconcernsareparamount,assensorsandcamerascollectvastamountsofdataoncitizenmovementsandbehaviors.Thereisafearthatthe"surveillancecity"coulderodecivilliberties.Additionally,thereistheriskofadigitaldivide,wherethebenefitsofsmartinfrastructureareenjoyedonlybythewealthy,exacerbatingsocialinequalities.Truesustainabilityinurbanplanningrequiresmorethanjusttechnologicalsolutions;itdemandsahuman-centricapproach.Plannersmustensurethatsmartcityinitiativesareinclusiveandequitable.Greenspacesmustbepreservedtomitigatetheurbanheatislandeffectandproviderecreationalareas.Publictransportationmustbeaffordableandefficienttoreducerelianceonprivatevehicles.Inconclusion,whiletechnologyofferspowerfultoolsforcreatingsustainableurbanenvironments,itisnotasilverbullet.Thecitiesofthefuturemustbenotonlysmartbutalsojustandgreen.Thisrequiresacollaborativeeffortbetweengovernments,techcompanies,andcitizenstoensurethatthedriveforefficiencydoesnotovershadowtheneedforprivacyandequality.26.Thepassagementionsthatcitiesareresponsiblefor______.[A]3%ofglobalcarbonemissions[B]themajorityoftheworld'senergyconsumption[C]mostoftheEarth'slandmass[D]adecreaseinglobaleconomicopportunities27.Smartcitiesutilizetechnologyprimarilyto______.[A]monitorcitizenmovementsforsecurity[B]increasetherelianceonprivatevehicles[C]optimizeresourceuseandenhancelifequality[D]replacetheneedforhumanurbanplanners28.Apotentialnegativeconsequenceofsmartcitiesis______.[A]reducedenergyconsumption[B]improvedtrafficflow[C]theerosionofprivacyandcivilliberties[D]alackoftechnologicalinnovation29.Theauthorarguesthatsustainableurbanplanning______.[A]reliessolelyonIoTandbigdata[B]mustprioritizeprivacyandequalityalongsideefficiency[C]shouldfocusexclusivelyoneconomicgrowth[D]isimpossibletoachieveinmoderntimes30.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'stone?[A]Optimisticbutcautious[B]Highlycritical[C]Completelyindifferent[D]PurelypromotionalText3Thehumanbrainisoftendescribedasthemostcomplexobjectintheknownuniverse.Forcenturies,scientistsandphilosophershavesoughttounravelitsmysteries.Inrecentdecades,advancesinneurosciencehaveshedlightonthemechanismsunderlyingmemory,emotion,andconsciousness.Yet,despitethesebreakthroughs,thebrainretainsanauraofenigma.Oneofthemostintriguingareasofresearchisneuroplasticity—thebrain'sabilitytoreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnectionsthroughoutlife.Thisdiscoverychallengesthelong-heldbeliefthatthebrainisstaticafteracertainage.Neuroplasticityoffershopeforrecoveryfrombraininjuriesandthetreatmentofneurodegenerativediseases.Italsoimpliesthatlearningandexperiencecanphysicallyalterthestructureofthebrain.Anotherfrontieristhestudyofthemicrobiome-gut-brainaxis.Researchsuggeststhatthetrillionsofbacteriaresidinginourgutcommunicatewiththebrain,influencingmood,stress,andevencognitivefunction.Thisrevelationhasprofoundimplicationsformentalhealth,suggestingthattreatmentsfordepressionandanxietycouldtargetthegutaswellasthemind.Furthermore,theintegrationofartificialintelligencewithneuroscienceisacceleratingresearch.Machinelearningalgorithmscananalyzevastdatasetsofbrainimaging,identifyingpatternsthatthehumaneyemightmiss.Thissynergyisleadingtomoreaccuratediagnosesandpersonalizedtreatmentplansforneurologicaldisorders.However,ethicalconsiderationsloomlargeaswedelvedeeperintothebrain.Issuessuchascognitiveenhancement,brain-computerinterfaces,andthedefinitionofconsciousnessitselfraisedifficultquestions.Aswegainthepowertomodifythebrain,wemustcarefullyconsiderthemoralboundariesofsuchinterventions.Thequesttounderstandthehumanmindisnotjustascientificendeavorbutaphilosophicaljourneythatdefinesourhumanity.31.Neuroplasticityreferstothebrain'sabilityto______.[A]remainstaticafterchildhood[B]recoverfrominjurieswithouttreatment[C]reorganizeitselfbyformingnewconnections[D]functionindependentlyofexperience32.Thestudyofthemicrobiome-gut-brainaxisindicatesthat______.[A]gutbacteriahavenoeffectonmentalhealth[B]mentalhealthissuesaresolelycausedbybrainchemistry[C]thegutandbrainareunrelatedsystems[D]gutbacteriacaninfluencemoodandcognition33.Howisartificialintelligencecontributingtoneuroscience?[A]Byreplacingtheneedforhumanneuroscientists[B]Byanalyzingcomplexbrainimagingdata[C]Byperformingsurgicaloperationsonthebrain[D]Bycuringallneurodegenerativediseases34.Theauthorsuggeststhatadvancesinneuroscience______.[A]comewithoutanyethicalconcerns[B]requirecarefulmoralconsideration[C]shouldbeunrestrictedtomaximizeprogress[D]arepurelyphilosophicalinnature35.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.[A]criticizetheslowprogressinneuroscience[B]explainthehistoryofthehumanbrain[C]discussrecentadvancesandimplicationsinbrainresearch[D]advocatefortheuseofAIinmedicineText4Intherealmofcorporateculture,"quietquitting"hasbecomeabuzzword,describingemployeeswhodoexactlywhattheirjobdescriptionrequiresandnothingmore.Theyrefusetogoaboveandbeyond,skippingovertime,extracurricularactivities,andadditionaltasks.Whilesomeviewthisasasignoflazinessoralackofengagement,othersinterpretitasarationalresponsetoburnoutandalackofrecognition.Thephenomenonisoftenareactionagainst"hustleculture,"whichglorifiesoverworkandsuggeststhatone'sworthistiedtoproductivity.Foryears,employeeshavebeenencouragedto"give110%"andsacrificepersonaltimeforthecompany.Quietquittingrepresentsaboundary-settingexercise,whereindividualsprioritizetheirwork-lifebalanceandmentalhealthovercorporateexpectations.Employers,however,oftenperceivequietquittingasadetrimenttoorganizationalgrowth.Theyarguethatathrivingcompanyrequiresemployeeswhoarepassionateandwillingtoputinextraefforttoachievecollectivegoals.Thisdisconnecthighlightsafundamentalmisalignmentbetweenmanagementexpectationsandemployeeneeds.Toaddressthisissue,expertssuggestthatorganizationsneedtorethinktheirapproachtoemployeeengagement.Ratherthandemandingmoreeffortforthesamepay,companiesshouldfocusoncreatingasupportiveenvironmentwhereemployeesfeelvalued.Faircompensation,manageableworkloads,andopportunitiesforgrowthareessentialtofosteringgenuinecommitment.Ultimately,quietquittingisasymptomofabroadershiftintheworkplacedynamic.Itsignalsthattheoldsocialcontractbetweenemployerandemployee—whereloyaltywastradedforjobsecurity—isbroken.Initsplace,anewtransactionalrelationshipisemerging,onewhereemployeestradetheirlaborforafairwageandrespect,leavingtheiremotionallaboratthedoor.Businessesmustadapttothisrealityorriskfacingadisengagedandunproductiveworkforce.36."Quietquitting"inthetextreferstoemployeeswho______.[A]resignfromtheirjobswithoutnotice[B]performonlytheirrequiredduties[C]constantlycomplainabouttheirworkload[D]activelysabotagecompanyprojects37.Accordingtothetext,quietquittingisoftenaresponseto______.[A]excessivepay[B]lackofrecognitionandburnout[C]toomuchfreetime[D]supportivemanagement38.Theterm"hustleculture"isassociatedwith______.[A]glorifyingoverworkandproductivity[B]prioritizingmentalhealth[C]discouragingovertimework[D]promotingwork-lifebalance39.Expertssuggestthattocombatquietquitting,companiesshould______.[A]demandmoreovertime[B]lowertheirexpectations[C]createasupportiveandfairworkenvironment[D]firedisengagedemployeesimmediately40.Theauthorconcludesthatquietquittingindicates______.[A]abrokensocialcontractbetweenemployerandemployee[B]thatemployeesareinherentlylazy[C]theendofthecorporateworld[D]aneedforstrictermanagementPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]TheRoleofSleepinCognitiveFunction[B]DietaryHabitsandBrainHealth[C]PhysicalExercise:ACatalystfortheMind[D]TheImpactofChronicStress[E]SocialConnectionandEmotionalWell-being[F]TheMythofMultitasking[G]LifelongLearningandNeuroplasticityMaintainingahealthybrainisessentialforalongandfulfillinglife.Justasweexerciseourbodiestostayfit,wemustalsoadopthabitsthatpromotecognitivevitality.Researchhasidentifiedseveralkeylifestylefactorsthatcansignificantlyinfluencebrainhealthanddelaycognitivedecline.41.______________________________Engaginginregularaerobicexerciseisoneofthemostbeneficialthingsyoucandoforyourbrain.Physicalactivityincreasesbloodflowtothebrain,whichpromotesthegrowthofnewneuronsandstrengthenstheconnectionsbetweenthem.Studieshaveshownthatindividualswhoexerciseregularlyhavealargerhippocampus,thebrainregioncriticalformemoryandlearning.Evenmoderateexercise,likebriskwalking,canboostcognitivefunctionandreducetheriskofdementia.42.______________________________Whatyoueatmattersjustasmuchashowyoumove.Adietrichinantioxidants,healthyfats,andvitaminsprovidesthenecessaryfuelforbraincells.TheMediterraneandiet,forinstance,emphasizesplant-basedfoods,wholegrains,andhealthyoilslikeoliveoil.ThisdietarypatternhasbeenlinkedtolowerratesofcognitivedeclineandAlzheimer'sdisease.Conversely,dietshighinprocessedfoodsandsugarcanimpairbrainfunctionandincreaseinflammation.43.______________________________Sleepisnotmerelyapassivestateofrest;itisanactiveprocessduringwhichthebrainconsolidatesmemoriesandclearsouttoxins.Duringdeepsleep,thebrain'sglymphaticsystembecomeshighlyactive,removingmetabolicwasteproductsthataccumulateduringwakinghours.Chronicsleepdeprivationdisruptstheseprocesses,leadingtoimpairedconcentration,memorydeficits,andanincreasedriskofneurologicaldisorders.44.______________________________Humanbeingsareinherentlysocialcreatures,andisolationcanhaveadetrimentaleffectonbrainhealth.Socialinteractionsstimulatethebrain,requiringustorecognizefaces,interpretemotions,andnavigatecomplexsocialdynamics.Engaginginmeaningfulconversationsandmaintainingstrongrelationshipscanlowerstresslevelsandprotectagainstdepression.Loneliness,ontheotherhand,isariskfactorforcognitivedeclineandisassociatedwithahigherrateofdementiainolderadults.45.______________________________Contrarytopopularbelief,thebrainremainscapableofchangeandadaptationthroughoutadulthood.Challengingthebrainwithnewskillsandknowledgestimulatestheformationofnewneuralpathways.Learninganewlanguage,playingamusicalinstrument,orengaginginintellectuallystimulatinghobbiescanenhancecognitivereserve.Thisreservehelpsthebraincopewithdamageandage-relatedchanges,keepingthemindsharperforlonger.SectionIIITranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Artisnotmerelyadecorationforourwalls;itisaprofoundreflectionofthehumanexperience.Throughouthistory,artistshaveservedasbothobserversandcommentators,capturingtheessenceoftheirtimesandchallengingsocietalnorms.Whetherthroughthevividstrokesofapaintingortheharmoniousstrainsofasymphony,arthasthepowertoevokeemotionsthattranscendlanguageandculture.Itallowsustoseetheworldthroughdifferentlenses,fosteringempathyandunderstandingamongdiversepeoples.Inanincreasinglyfragmentedworld,artservesasauniversallanguage,bridgingdividesandremindingusofoursharedhumanity.Furthermore,engagingwithart—whetherascreatorsorspectators—canbeatransformativeexperience,offeringsolaceintimesofdistressandinspirationforthefuture.Itencouragesintrospectionandforcesustoconfrontquestionsthatwemightotherwiseignore.Ultimately,artisanessentialcomponentofacivilizedsociety,enrichingourlivesandexpandingtheboundariesofourimagination.SectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouarethechairmanoftheStudentUnionofyouruniversity.Writeanemailtoaprofessor,invitinghim/hertogivealectureon"CareerPlanningforPostgraduates".Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownnameorthenameofyouruniversity.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)ChartDescription:Thechartisabargraphillustratingthechangesinthereadinghabitsofresidentsinacertaincityovertheyears2019,2021,and2023.Therearethreecategories:E-books,PaperBooks,andAudiobooks.PaperBooks:Startedhighin2019(60%),declinedslightlyin2021(50%),andfurtherdeclinedin2023(40%).E-books:Startedat20%in2019,roseto30%in2021,andreached45%in2023.Audiobooks:Startedat10%in2019,remainedsteadyat10%in2021,androseto15%in2023.***参考答案与详细解析SectionIUseofEnglish1.[B]significant解析：上下文逻辑。前文提到“持续的通知压力会损害身心健康”，因此远离屏幕（即使是很短时间）会带来生活质量上的“显著的”改善。Marginal（微小的）、negligible（可忽略的）与文意相反；detrimental（有害的）不符合语境。2.[C]abandoning解析：词汇搭配与语义。前文提到“digitaldetox”（数字排毒），此处讲完全“放弃”科技在现代是不切实际的。Embracing（拥抱）与语境矛盾；updating（更新）和ignoring（忽视）不符合“detox”的彻底性含义。3.[C]balanced解析：语义逻辑。既然不能完全放弃，就要建立一种更健康的、“平衡的”关系。Aggressive（激进的）、passive（被动的）、distant（疏远的）均不符合建立健康关系的语境。4.[A]disabled解析：语境理解。为了建立边界，需要在特定时间“关闭”通知。Enhanced（增强）、received（接收）与目的相反；expected（期待）不符合语境。5.[B]impairs解析：词义辨析。持续接触快速信息会“损害”大脑的专注能力。Strengthens（加强）、fosters（培养）与文意相反；monitors（监控）不符合语境。6.[D]crucial解析：固定搭配与逻辑。深度思考对于创造力和解决问题是“至关重要的”。Trivial（琐碎的）、optional（可选的）、harmful（有害的）均不符合。7.[B]compare解析：固定搭配。compareoneselfwith...（将自己与……比较）。社交媒体焦虑往往源于用户将自己与他人经过精心修饰的生活进行比较。Identify（识别）、associate（联系）、confuse（困惑）均不符合语境。8.[A]affected解析：词汇用法。睡眠模式受到数字排毒的积极“影响”。Infected（感染）、reflected（反映）、neglected（忽视）不符合语境。9.[C]Avoiding解析：逻辑推理。为了改善睡眠，需要在睡前一小时“避免”使用设备。Operating（操作）、Charging（充电）、Utilizing（使用）均无法带来更好的睡眠。10.[C]prepared解析：逻辑结果。更深度的睡眠让人更有精力，从而为第二天的挑战做好“准备”。Reluctant（不情愿的）、unable（不能）、forced（被迫）不符合语境。11.[C]relentless解析：词义理解。数字世界的需求是“无情的/持续的”。Occasional（偶尔的）、selective（选择性的）、flexible（灵活的）与“压力”语境不符。12.[A]strategy解析：语境搭配。保持断网的纪律是保护我们人性的一种“策略”。Luxury（奢侈品）、habit（习惯）、skill（技能）虽然语义相近，但strategy更强调宏观应对方法。13.[C]reminder解析：逻辑推断。这提醒我们是工具的主人。Promise（承诺）、threat（威胁）、goal（目标）不如reminder贴切。14.[A]patience解析：上下文联系。改变习惯需要“耐心”。Speed（速度）、intelligence（智力）、strength（力量）不是改变习惯的核心要素。15.[B]incremental解析：词义辨析。不是突然的剧变，而是一系列小的、“渐进的”调整。Reversible（可逆的）、sudden（突然的）、complex（复杂的）不符合“smalladjustments”的描述。16.[A]manageable解析：逻辑结果。从小处着手让过程变得“可掌控/易处理”。Impossible（不可能的）、stressful（有压力的）、boring（无聊的）与积极导向不符。17.[D]maximizes解析：逻辑搭配。平衡感既能提升个人满意度，又能“最大化”职业生产力。Undermines（破坏）、balances（平衡）、ignores（忽视）不符合语境。18.[D]navigate解析：固定搭配。我们可以“驾驭/导航”我们与它的互动方式。Ignore（忽视）、dictate（支配）、question（质疑）不如navigate准确。19.[B]enslaved解析：语义逻辑。享受科技的好处而不被其“奴役”。Accustomed（习惯于）、immune（免疫）、indifferent（冷漠）不符合“digitaldetox”的警示意味。20.[D]step解析：固定搭配。迈向更正念生活的一“步”。Leap（飞跃）、threat（威胁）、log（日志）不符合语境。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText121.[C]flexibilityandself-management解析：细节题。根据第一段“offeringflexibilityandautonomy...settingtheirownhoursandchoosingtheirclients”可知，零工经济的特征是灵活性和自主管理。22.[B]thelackoftraditionaljobsecurityandbenefits解析：细节题。根据第二段“Theabsenceoftraditionalemploymentbenefits...placesasignificantfinancialburdenongigworkers”可知，主要缺点是缺乏传统的保障和福利。23.[C]companiescanavoidcertainlaborobligations解析：推理题。根据第二段“classificationofworkersas'independentcontractors'...allowscompaniestoavoidpayingpayrolltaxesandprovidinglaborprotections”可知，这种分类让公司规避了某些劳动义务。24.[B]createsavulnerableclassofworkers解析：观点题。根据第三段“Criticsarguethatthegigeconomycreatesaprecariousunderclassofworkers...”可知，批评者认为它创造了一个不稳定的、脆弱的工人阶层。25.[C]acombinationofflexibilityandsecurity解析：推理题。根据最后一段“thefutureofworkwilllikelyinvolveahybridmodel,wheretheautonomyofthegigeconomyisbalancedwiththesecurityoftraditionalemployment”可知，未来将是灵活性和安全性的结合体。Text226.[B]themajorityoftheworld'senergyconsumption解析：细节题。根据第一段“Cities...accountforover70%ofglobalcarbonemissionsandconsumetwo-thirdsoftheworld'senergy”可知，城市消耗了世界大部分能源。27.[C]optimizeresourceuseandenhancelifequality解析：细节题。根据第二段“Smartcitiesleverage...tooptimizeresourceusageandimprovethequalityoflife”可知，智慧城市利用技术主要是为了优化资源使用和提高生活质量。28.[C]theerosionofprivacyandcivilliberties解析：细节题。根据第三段“Privacyconcernsareparamount...fearthatthe'surveillancecity'coulderodecivilliberties”可知，潜在风险是隐私和公民自由的丧失。29.[B]mustprioritizeprivacyandequalityalongsideefficiency解析：主旨题。根据第四段“Truesustainability...demandsahuman-centricapproach...ensurethatsmartcityinitiativesareinclusiveandequitable”及最后一段的总结，作者认为必须同时关注隐私、公平和效率。30.[A]Optimisticbutcautious解析：态度题。作者肯定了智慧城市的技术潜力，但也强调了隐私和伦理风险，因此态度是“乐观但谨慎的”。Text331.[C]reorganizeitselfbyformingnewconnections解析：定义题。根据第二段“neuroplasticity—thebrain'sabilitytoreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnectionsthroughoutlife”可知，它是大脑重组并形成新连接的能力。32.[D]gutbacteriacaninfluencemoodandcognition解析：细节题。根据第三段“Researchsuggeststhatthetrillionsofbacteriaresidinginourgutcommunicatewiththebrain,influencingmood,stress,andevencognitivefunction”可知，肠道细菌能影响情绪和认知。33.[B]Byanalyzingcomplexbrainimagingdata解析：细节题。根据第四段“Machinelearningalgorithmscananalyzevastdatasetsofbrainimaging,