《高中英语选择性必修四Unit 1 Build up your vocabulary》课件

BuildupyourvocabularyUNIT1SCIENCEFICTIONUNIT1SCIENCEFICTIONTopracticesomenewwordsorexpressionsbydoingexercises写作词汇1.

n.小说;虚构的事

2.

n.意外收获;奖金;红利

3.

n.诚实正直;完整;完好

4.

n.庄重;庄严;尊严

5.

n.女售货员;女推销员

6.

adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的

7.

vt.悬;挂;暂停;暂缓

8.

vt.让离开;解散;解雇;消除

9.

vt.表明;宣称;公布

fiction

bonus

integritydignity

saleswoman

guilty

suspenddismiss

declare

阅读词汇10.ridiculousadj.

11.salaryn.

12.absurdadj.

13.nailn.

vt.

14.laddern.

15.whereasconj.

愚蠢的;荒谬的;荒唐的薪水;薪金荒谬的;荒唐的指甲;趾甲;钉子(用钉子)钉牢;固定梯子;阶梯然而;但是;尽管重点短语

1.

检验;测试

2.

更像是;更接近

3.

用……做试验

4.

有个约会

5.

转身

6.falloff

7.push...away

8.besimilarto

9.ontheotherhand

10.incontrast

testout

morelike

experimentwith

haveanappointment

turnaround

掉下来把……推开与……相似另一方面相反Replacetheunderlinedpartswithwordsofsimilarmeaningsfromthetext.Rewritethesentencesifnecessary.1Webelieveheisamanofabsolutehonesty,

andtrusthiswordscompletely.integrity2Henrytoldmethathewasinahurryashehadarrangedto

seethedentistat10:00a.m.hadanappointmentwith3Rumoursarelikesharpknives,cuttingone'sself-respectintopieces.Weshouldbeawareofthisandnotspreadunkindnewsaround.dignity4Becauseoftheholiday,thestudentswereallowedtogohomeearly.weredismissed5Whoeverischargedwithacrimeshouldbepresumedinnocentuntilprovenotherwise.notguiltyMatcheachwordwiththeproperdefinitionbelow.

Amoneythatsomeoneispaidregularly,usuallymonthly,bytheorganizationheorsheisworkingforBmoneygivenforworkdone,goodsreceived;etc.Cmoneypaidforworkorservices,typicallyonadailyorweeklybasissalarypaymentwageincomefeefarepaymentsalarybonussavingwageDextraamountofmoneyaddedtosomebody'swagesasarewardforhardworkorgoodperformanceEmoneyreceivedfromwork,investmentsandsoonFmoneypaidtoaprofessionalpersonororganizationforadviceorservicesGmoneypaidforajourneyonpublictransport,suchasthebus,train,ortaxiHmoneysavedforaspecialpurposefeefaresavingincomebonusCompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.TheninpairsshareyouropiniononAldevelopment.fascinatingtestoutdismisssciencefictionmorelikedignityintelligentItwouldnotbesurprisingifwefounditdifficulttodistinguishbetweenrealityand____________inthefuture.Forexample,robotsfirstappearedinsci-finovels,butnowrobotsoldiershavealreadybeen____________inwar.Robotexpertshavealsobuiltrobotsthatcansee,talk,anddootherthingslikehumans.

sciencefictiontestedoutAlthougharobotthatlooks____________ahumanthanamachinecouldmakemanypeopleabituncomfortable,wehavetoadmitthatitisa_____________possibility.Sophia,currentlysaidtobethemostadvancedAlrobotintheworld,isagreatexample.Shehasbeeninterviewedmanytimes,appearedonthecoversofmagazines,andbecomethefirstnon-humanintheworldtobegivencitizenshipbyacountry.morelikefascinatingWhenitcomestogames,2017becameayearinwhichAldefeatedhumansinsomanygamesthatAlresearcherssaythatitwillnotbelongbeforeAlcanwinatalmosteverything.So,havewelostthe_____________ofbeingthemostintelligentcreature?Maybeinthefuture,asAlbecomesevenmore______________;itwillbecomeamajorthreattohumans.However,somepeople_____________thisfear.TheybelieveifAlcanhandletaskslikecalculating(计算)anddrivingforus,wewillhavemoretimeforcreating,thinking,and“beinghuman”.dignityintelligentdismissDoyouagreethatSophiashouldbegivencitizenship?Whyorwhynot?ⅠⅡⅢⅠ.阅读理解A(2023浙江嘉兴高二上期末)Trickortreat!WithHalloweenaroundthecorner,kidsareabouttocollectbagsfullofcandy,includingchocolate.Meanwhile,agroupofresearchersintheNetherlandshavebeenexperimentingwithamethodtomakechocolatemoreofa“treat”thanever.Whilechocolateisdeliciousformanyreasons,thisstudyfocusedonhowitcrackswhenitisbitten.CorentinCoulais,theresearcherteachingphysicsattheUniversityofAmsterdamsays,“Tobetterhowitfeelsinthemouth,wegave‘geometry(几何学)’tochocolate,whichwouldthenchangethewayitbreaks.”ⅠⅡⅢGivingit“geometry”involvedusinga3Dprintertoproducedarkchocolateinvariousways.Ratherthancreatingaflat,solidpiece,themachineprinteditintoasimpleS-shape,orzigzaggedsuper-thinlayersback-and-forthseveraltimes,orintoincreasinglycomplicatedspirals(螺旋形).Theresultingpieceswerefedto10eagervolunteers.Itturnedoutthatthecrunchiest(最松脆的)—whileremainingeasytobite—wasthechocolateshapedintofairlycomplicatedspirals.Itwasalsothetoptastingexperience.Theresearchersalsousedamachinetocrackthevariousshapesandseewhichwasthecrunchiest.Plus,theyrecordedthesoundsofthecracking,becauseapleasurableeatingexperiencedoesn’tonlytakeplaceinthemouth,butcanbeaffectedbythenoisesinyourhead.Thegeneralwinnerremainedthatspiral.ⅠⅡⅢ“It’stooearlytosaywhetherchocolatewillsoonbemadedifferently,”Coulaissays.Heisworkingwithacoupleoforganizationstoseehowitmightbeappliedinmaterialsotherthanchocolate—onesthatmightbeusedinvehicles,forexample,tomakethemlessdangerouswhentheycrash.Understandingcrackingcouldmakelifesafer—incarsorairplanesorwearinghelmets.ItcouldalsomakethoseHalloweentreatseventastier.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了为了使巧克力更美味,研究人员将“几何学”运用于巧克力,用3D打印机打印出各种形状的巧克力。ⅠⅡⅢ1.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?A.Bydiscussingacase.B.Bymakingaprediction.C.Bypresentingascene.D.Byexplainingaphenomenon.推理判断题。根据第一段可知,文章开篇展示了一个场景,万圣节即将到来,“不给糖就捣蛋!”的活动再次开始,孩子们将收集装满糖果的袋子,包括巧克力。接下来文章介绍了有关巧克力的话题,荷兰的一组研究人员正在试验一种方法,使巧克力比以往任何时候都更“美味”,由此可知,作者通过呈现一个场景来引出本文的主题。故选C项。√ⅠⅡⅢ2.Whatisthefunctionofthe3Dprinterusedintheexperiment?A.Toexplorethewaychocolatebreaks.B.Tocreatechocolateinvariousshapes.C.Toimprovethechocolatetastingexperience.D.Torecordthesoundsofchocolatecracking.细节理解题。根据第三段的“Giving

it

‘geometry’

involved

using

a

3D

printer

to

produce

dark

chocolate

in

various

ways...or

into

increasingly

complicated

spirals.”可知,使用3D打印机可以打印出各种形状的巧克力,例如简单的S形、Z字形或螺旋形巧克力。由此可知,实验中使用的3D打印机的功能是创造各种形状的巧克力。故选B项。√ⅠⅡⅢ3.WhatdoesCoulaismostexpectafterthestudy?A.TheattractionofHalloweentreats.B.Thechangeinchocolateproduction.C.Thegrowingawarenessofdrivingsafety.D.Theapplicationofthefindingsinotherfields.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容“He

is

working

with

a

couple

of

organizations

to

see...for

example,to

make

them

less

dangerous

when

they

crash.”可知,Coulais致力于将研究结果应用于除巧克力以外的材料,使人们受益。由此可知,研究结束后,Coulais最期待的是这项研究结果在其他领域的应用。故选D项。√ⅠⅡⅢ4.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Geometrymakesatastierchocolate.B.Complicatedspiralsarethechampion.C.Aknowledgeofcrackingmattersalot.D.Thecrunchiestchocolateisnewlyborn.主旨大意题。通读全文,结合第二段关键句“Corentin

Coulais,the

researcher

teaching

physics

at

the

University

of

Amsterdam

says,...which

would

then

change

the

way

it

breaks.”可知,本文讲述了为了使巧克力更美味,研究人员将“几何学”运用于巧克力,用3D打印机打印出各种形状的巧克力。“Geometry

makes

a

tastier

chocolate”意为“几何学制造出更美味的巧克力”,选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选A项。√ⅠⅡⅢB(2023江苏常州八校期中联考)Microsoftwon’trenewthecontractsfordozensofnewsproductioncontractorsworkingatitsMSNwebsiteandplanstouseAItoreplacethem.Theroughly50employeeswereinformedthattheirserviceswouldnolongerbeneededbeyondJune30,butateamoffull-timejournalistswillremain.TheMicrosoftspokesmansaidinastatement,“Likeallcompanies,weanalyzeandmakejudgmentsonouractivitiesandservicesonaregularbasis.Thiscanresultinincreasedinvestmentinsomeplacesand,fromtimetotime,rearrangementinothers.Thesedecisionsarenottheresultofthecurrentpandemic.”ⅠⅡⅢMSNwilluseAItoreplacetheproductionworkitsjournalistshavebeendoing.Thatworkincludesusinganautomatedsystemtoidentifytrendingnewsstoriesfromdozensofpublishingpartnersandtohelpimprovethecontentbyrewritingheadlinesoraddingbetteraccompanyingphotographsorslideshows.“IspendallmytimereadingabouthowautomationandAIaregoingtotakeallourjobs—nowit’stakenmine,”oneoftheterminatedcontractorssaid.“Butwithfewerhumanbeingstomonitorthetechnology,AImaynotbefullyfamiliarwithstricteditorialguidelinesandcouldenduplettingthroughinappropriatestories.”ⅠⅡⅢMSNhasundergoneanumberofchangessinceitsLaunchasMicrosoftNetworkin1995.Onceitofferedtheoriginalcontentandlinkstonews,weatherandsports.In2013,itreducedtheoriginalnewscontentandbegancuttingemployees.By2014.itlaunchedaredesignedversionthatpartneredwithothernewssites—payingthemtoredistributetheircontent.Today,thenewsservicereliesentirelyonthosepartnershipswithnooriginalnewscontentofitsown.SelectingandeditingstoriesratherthanactuallygeneratingthemmadeiteasierforMSNtoincreasinglyrelyonanautomatededitingsystem.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能对微软公司结构和工作性质的影响。ⅠⅡⅢ5.WhatishappeningatMicrosoft?A.Morepeoplearebeingemployedtodevelop.B.SomeworkersarebeingfiredandreplacedbyAI.C.RobotsarebeingusedtowritenewsreportsforMSN.D.ItissigningnewcontractswithsomeworkersatMSN.细节理解题。根据文章第一段以及第二段可知,微软公司要用人工智能替代一些传统员工,故选B项。√ⅠⅡⅢ6.WhatdoestheMicrosoftspokesmanmean?A.TheywillinvestmoreinAI.B.Theyfrequentlyexaminetheirbusiness.C.TheyprovidethebestservicesforInternetusers.D.Theyhavebeenbadlyinfluencedbythepandemic.推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知,微软发言人在一份声明中表示,和所有公司一样,他们会定期对他们的活动和服务进行分析和判断。这可能导致在一些地方增加投资,在另一些地方不时地重新安排投资。由此可推断,微软发言人表示微软会经常评估自己企业的状态。故选B项。√ⅠⅡⅢ7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“terminated”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Scheduled.

B.Informed.C.Involved. D.Dismissed.词义猜测题。根据文章第五段画线词上文“I

spend

all

my

time

reading

about

how

automation

and

AI

are

going

to

take

all

our

jobs—now

it’s

taken

mine”可知,这位员工被解雇了。所以terminated为“被解雇的”之意。故选D项。√ⅠⅡⅢ8.WhichbestdescribeshowMSNworksnow?A.Allitsnewsisproducedbyothernewssites.B.Othernewswebsitespayittouseitscontent.C.Theoriginalcontentisencouragedonitswebsite.D.Itspartnershelpitselectandeditnewsstories.细节理解题。根据文章第六段的“Today,the

news

service

relies

entirely

on

those

partnerships

with

no

original

news

content

of

its

own.Selecting

and

editing

stories

rather

than

actually

generating

them

made

it

easier

for

MSN

to

increasingly

rely

on

an

automated

editing

system.”可知,MSN的所有新闻都来自于别的新闻网站。故选A项。√ⅡⅢⅠⅡ.完形填空(2023山东烟台高二下期中)OnceFrankandhisdaughterNovatookacross-countrydrivewiththeirdogBobbie.Duringastop,poorBobbiewas

1

byfiercelocaldogs.ThinkingBobbiewouldtakecareofhimselfasusual,Frankleftforthehotel

2

tofindBobbiereturntheretojointhem.

AfterhourswithoutBobbie,Frankgot

3

.SinceBobbieusedtorespondtothesoundofthecarhorn,Frankfirstdrove

4

allaround,honkingfrequentlyuntilmidnight.Bobbieneverappeared.Afteraweekof

5

andplacingnewspaperadvertisements,thefamilyhadtogiveupandstartdrivinghome.Fallturningtowinter,the

6

familyhadto

7

thefactthattheycouldnolongersharetheirhappinesswithbelovedBobbie.

ⅡⅢⅠSix

8

later,Novawaswalkingdownastreetwhenshe

9

atthesightofamessyandraggedlookingfigurewalkingoutofwoods.Hiseyeswerehalf-closedandredwith

10

,hisfeetbleeding.Novascreamedout“Bobbie”andinmoments,awareofsomething,Bobbiebeganjumpingupagainandagainto

11

herface,makingunclearsoundsof

12

mixedwithsobsofjoy.Hewasskinny,footsorebuthewashappytoseeher.Athomeheshookhistail,rolledoveronhisback,helduphispadsandfixedthefamilywithhiseyes,seeminglytotellthemhisreturning-home

13

.

Imaginebeing2,500milesfromhomewithnotransportationandcrossingfreezingcoldmountainsanddesertsforhalfayear.How

14

!ButBobbie,theWonder

15

,madeit.

ⅡⅢⅠ1.A.guarded B.welcomed C.chased

D.hidden2.A.expecting B.failing C.struggling

D.managing3.A.mad B.disappointed C.hopeless

D.worried4.A.safely B.smoothly C.quickly

D.slowly5.A.waiting B.searching C.driving

D.missing6.A.warm-hearted B.cold-blooded C.broken-hearted D.clear-headed7.A.accept B.change C.escape

D.ignoreⅡⅢⅠ8.A.weeks

B.fortnights C.months

D.seasons9.A.shocked B.attracted C.fell

D.smiled10.A.tears B.injuries C.shame

D.excitement11.A.kiss B.meet C.see

D.avoid12.A.depression B.relief C.regret

D.gratitude13.A.ambition B.view C.outing

D.adventure14.A.innocent B.incredible C.abnormal

D.awkward15.A.Hiker B.Man C.Dog

D.KidⅡⅢⅠ答案及解析

【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了波比这只小狗走失后又奇迹般自己返回家里的经历故事。1.C

根据空格后“by

fierce

local

dogs”及常识可知,波比被当地凶猛的狗追赶。故选C项。2.A

根据上文“Thinking

Bobbie

would

take

care

of

himself

as

usual”可知,弗兰克以为波比会像往常一样,自己跑掉后能找到回来的路,所以就动身去酒店,期待着波比自己回来找他。故选A项。ⅡⅢⅠ3.D

根据下文“Since

Bobbie

used

to

respond

to

the

sound

of

the

car

horn,Frank

first

drove

4

all

around,honking

frequently

until

midnight.”可知,弗兰克寻找波比一直到午夜。由此可知,在波比走失几个小时后,弗兰克很担忧。故选D项。

4.D

根据上文“Since

Bobbie

used

to

respond

to

the

sound

of

the

car

horn”可知,为了找到波比,弗兰克要慢慢开车鸣笛,才有可能让波比听到声音,这样波比才会现身。故选D项。5.B

根据上文“Bobbie

never

appeared.”以及空格后“placing

newspaper

advertisements”可知,弗兰克一家人一直在努力寻找波比。故选B项。ⅡⅢⅠ6.C

根据上文“After

a

week

of

5

and

placing

newspaper

advertisements”及“had

to

give

up

and

start

driving

home”可知,弗兰克一家人一直在努力寻找波比,但是一直没找到,只能放弃,开车回家。由此可知,大家都很心痛。故选C项。

7.A

根据下文“that

they

could

no

longer

share

their

happiness

with

beloved

Bobbie”可知,波比走失后,一直找不到,所以弗兰克一家人必须接受无法与波比分享快乐的事实。故选A项。8.C

根据最后一段中的“Imagine

being

2,500

miles

from

home

with

no

transportation

and

crossing

freezing

cold

mountains

and

deserts

for

half

a

year.”可知,波比穿过冰冻的山脉和沙漠,半年后才回来。“half

a

year”和“Six

months”相对应,属于同义复现。故选C项。ⅡⅢⅠ9.A

根据下文“Nova

screamed

out

‘Bobbie’”可推测,诺娃当时看到并认出波比时,非常震惊,甚至尖叫着叫它的名字。故选A项。10.B

根据上文“His

eyes

were

half-closed

and

red”和下文his

feet

bleeding”可知,波比的脚在流血,眼睛睁不开,而且红着,因此可推测眼睛是有伤的。故选B项。11.A

根据空前“Bobbie

began

jumping

up

again

and

again”及空后“her

face”可知,波比是向上蹦着去亲吻诺娃的脸颊。故选A项。12.B

根据上文“Bobbie

began

jumping

up

again

and

again

to

11

her

face,making

unclear

sounds

of”及常识可知,波比再一次见到自己的主人,应该是很高兴,发出不清晰的欣慰声。故选B项。

ⅡⅢⅠ13.D

根据下文“Imagine

being

2,500

miles

from

home

with

no

transportation

and

crossing

freezing

cold

mountains

and

deserts

for

half

a

year.”可知,波比在外流浪半年,在回家的一路上经历了各种事,并不是单纯的旅游出行,而是冒险之旅。故选D项。14.B

根据上文“Imagine

being

2,500

miles

from

home

with

no

transportation

and

crossing

freezing

cold

mountains

and

deserts

for

half

a

year.”可知,波比成功经历一系列艰险回到家,这是不可思议的。故选B项。15.C

根据上文“At

home

he

shook

his

tail”以及全文通读下来,可判断出波比是一只狗。故选C项。ⅡⅢⅠⅢ.读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。(2023浙江嘉兴高二期末检测)Nowadays,manypeoplehurrytogetfromoneplacetoanotherasefficientlyaspossiblethatthosewhoenjoyshootingthebreeze—chattingforfun—areoftenleftwithouteagerparticipants.Butnoteveryoneisgoingthroughlifejustlookingahead,andthat’sagoodthing.ⅡⅢⅠJustenCrumptonfromHueytown,Alabama,isoneofthosepeoplewhoenjoytalkingtocompletestrangers.Inherownwords,“Ifyouknowmeatall,youknow,Ilovetoinvolvemyselfinothers’conversations,eveniftheyarecompletestrangers.”Attimes,thathasannoyedherfamily,butinNovemberithadawhollyunexpectedeffect.OnNov.7,theAlabamamotherwasshockedbythekindnessofastrangerwhotreatedhertoanearlyChristmasgiftafterachanceencounter.Asamomwiththreegirlsandanewbabyboy,shedidn’tbuythingsforherselfalot.Thatday,CrumptonwentwithhermomandsistertotryandfinishupChristmasshopping,wearinghernew-bornboyinababywrap.ⅡⅢⅠAstheywerewalkingalongafterdoingsomeshopping,CrumptonsawtwomenstandingnearaVonMaurUGGsdisplayhighlightingaparticularpairofshoesthathappenedtobetheonesshe’dbeeneyingforthelast5years.Seeingheropportunityforalittlepleasantcasualtalk,shepausedandjokinglyofferedthemenshoppingadvice,“Ifyouareshoppingforyourgirl,thengetherthese,”pointingtoacertainpair.Thenshetoldthemshehadbeenaskingforthemforthepastfiveyears.Shelaugheda