初升高中英语暑假衔接材料：专题04 Unit4 Friends Forever（暑假预习讲义）（原卷版及解析）

2/14专题04Unit4FriendsForever序号要点聚焦考点一Unit4Friendsforever核心词汇梳理考点二Unit4Friendsforever重点词组搭配考点三Unit4Friendsforever语法解析梳理考点四Unit4Friendsforever撰写故事结尾深｜研深｜研｜精｜炼考点一Unit4Friendsforever核心词汇梳理【考点精讲】familiaradj.熟悉的；通晓的;非正式的；亲昵随便的befamiliarwithsth/sb主语人→某人熟悉某物/某人▶例句：IamfamiliarwiththisoldfriendBob.我和老朋友鲍勃很熟。befamiliartosb主语事物/人→某物/某人为人所熟知▶例句：ThenameJimmyisfamiliartoBob.鲍勃对吉米这个名字很熟悉。易混区分familiar（adj.）熟悉的similar（adj.）相似的（形近词，易考辨析）preferv.更喜欢；偏爱prefersthIpreferwarmweather.我更喜欢温暖的天气。preferdoingsthBobpreferswaitingforhisoldfriend.鲍勃情愿等候他的老朋友。prefertodosthShepreferstostayathomeonrainydays.下雨天她更愿意待在家里。preferAtoBIpreferfriendshiptomoney.比起金钱，我更看重友情。prefertodoAratherthandoBHepreferstoforgiveratherthanhateothers.他选择原谅，而不去怨恨别人。preferencen.偏爱；喜好haveapreferenceforsthHehasapreferenceforquietlife.他偏爱安稳平淡的生活。losetrackof失去联系；跟不上进展WelosttrackofBobafterhewentintoprison.鲍勃入狱后我们就和他失去了联系。Ioftenlosetrackoftimewhenreadingstories.读故事时我常常忘了时间。反义短语keeptrackof与……保持联系；留意动态Ikeeptrackofmyoldfriendsalltheseyears.这些年我一直和老朋友们保持联络。trackn.踪迹；轨道Wefoundthetrackofthelittleanimalinthesnow.我们在雪地里发现了小动物的足迹。deliverv.递送；运送deliversthtosbTheyoungmandeliveredanotetoBob.这个年轻人给鲍勃送来一张便条。发表（讲话）deliveraspeechHewilldeliveraspeechabouttruefriendship.他将要发表一篇关于真挚友情的演讲。兑现；实现deliverone'spromiseJimmytriedhisbesttodeliverhispromisetomeetBob.吉米尽全力兑现和鲍勃见面的承诺。deliveryn.递送；投递Wechooseexpressdeliveryfortheletter.我们选择快递寄送这封信。thanksto多亏；由于thanksto+名词/代词ThankstoJimmy’sson,Bobgottheletteratlast.多亏吉米的儿子，鲍勃最终收到了信件。可用于负面语境Thankstothebadweather,theyfailedtomeet.由于恶劣天气，他们没能碰面。dueto（介词短语，侧重客观原因，作表语/状语）Hissadnesswasduetomissinghisfriend.他的难过源于思念友人。advancev.(verb)前进；推进；促进；提前；提出advancetowardssp.朝某地前进例：Thetroopsadvancedtowardstheborder.部队向边境行进。advanceaplan/idea/opinion提出计划/想法/观点例：Sheadvancedanewproposalatthemeeting.她在会上提出了一项新提议。n.(noun)前进；进步；进展；预付款makeadvances取得进展例：Greatadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicine.医学领域取得了巨大进步。inadvance提前，预先例：Pleasebooktheticketinadvance.请提前订票。advanced(adj.)先进的；高级的；晚期的例：ThisisanadvancedEnglishcourse.这是一门高级英语课程。maintainv.维持；保持；维修；保养；坚持；主张maintainorder维持秩序maintainhealth保持健康maintainone'sopinion坚持观点maintainastablerelationship保持稳定的关系maintenancen.维护；保养；维持enablev.使能够；使成为可能；授予权利enablesb.todosth.使某人能够做某事Thenewpolicyenablespeopletotravelmoreconveniently.新政策让人们出行更加便利。beabletodosth.能够做某事Sheisabletoswimwell.她游泳游得很好。tendv.倾向于；往往会；照料；护理tendtodosth.倾向于做某事；往往做某事Peopletendtotrusthonestpeople.人们往往会信任诚实的人。tendtosb./sth.照料某人/某物Shetendstothesickpatientscarefully.她细心照料病患。tendencyn.倾向；趋势Thereisagrowingtendencytoworkonline.线上办公的趋势日渐明显。tenderadj.温柔的；脆弱的Hehasatenderheartforsmallanimals.他对小动物心怀温柔。updatev.更新；使现代化；向……提供最新信息updatesth.更新某物Weneedtoupdatethesoftwareregularly.我们需要定期更新软件。updatesb.onsth.向某人告知某事最新情况Pleaseupdatemeontheprogress.请告诉我最新进展。n.更新；最新消息；新版本Thisisthelatestupdateoftheapp.这是这款应用的最新版本。updatedadj.更新后的；最新的Checktheupdateddatafirst.先查看更新后的数据。throwthebabyoutwiththebathwater习语良莠不分一并舍弃；因噎废食；全盘否定补充说明：源自旧时欧洲民间俗语，比喻剔除糟粕时，连带有用、珍贵的部分也一并丢掉。Weshouldimprovetheplaninsteadofthrowingthebabyoutwiththebathwater.我们应当完善方案，而非全盘否定。acquirev.获得；习得；取得；养成Ittakestimetoacquirenewknowledge.习得新知识需要花费时间。Sheacquiredagoodreadinghabitasachild.她从小养成了良好的阅读习惯。acquisitionn.获得；习得；收购Languageacquisitioniseasierforchildren.儿童的语言习得会更加轻松。acquiredadj.后天习得的；后天养成的Thisisanacquiredtaste.这是一种慢慢养成的口味。illustratev.说明；阐明；给…配插图；举例说明Thechartillustratesthechangesclearly.这份图表清晰说明了各项变化。illustratesth.withsth.用某物举例/配图说明Sheillustratedherpointwitharealstory.她用一则真实故事佐证自己的观点。illustrationn.说明；例证；插图Thisphotoisavividillustrationoflocallife.这张照片是当地生活的生动写照。inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的Thisisaninspiringstoryforyoungpeople.这是一个能激励年轻人的故事。aninspiringspeech振奋人心的演讲inspirev.激励；赋予灵感；启发Theheroinspiredustokeepgoing.这位英雄激励我们继续前行。inspirationn.灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事Shedrawsinspirationfromdailylife.她从日常生活中汲取灵感。inspiredadj.受启发的；受鼓舞的Wefeltinspiredafterlisteningtothelecture.听完讲座后我们备受鼓舞。qualityn.质量；品质；特性Thisproductisofhighquality.这款产品质量上乘。Honestyisavaluablepersonalquality.诚实是可贵的个人品质。adj.优质的；高品质的qualityservice优质服务qualifyv.（使）具备资格；达标Shequalifiedforthenationalcompetition.她获得了全国比赛的参赛资格。qualificationn.资格；资质；学历Professionalqualificationsarerequiredforthisjob.这份工作要求具备专业资质。qualifiedadj.有资格的；合格的Heisafullyqualifiedteacher.他是一名完全合格的教师。anxiousadj.焦虑的；担忧的；渴望的beanxiousaboutsth.为某事担忧Sheisanxiousaboutherexamresults.她为考试成绩感到担忧。beanxioustodosth.渴望做某事Theyareanxioustostartthenewproject.他们迫切想要开启新项目。beanxiousforsth.渴望得到某物Thechildrenareanxiousfortheholiday.孩子们盼着假期到来。anxietyn.焦虑；不安；渴望Toomuchanxietywillaffectyourhealth.过度焦虑会影响健康。postponev.推迟；延期Wehavetopostponethemeeting.我们不得不推迟会议。postponedoingsth.推迟做某事Theypostponedholdingthesportsmeeting.他们推迟举办运动会。postponeuntil/till推迟至……Thetripwaspostponeduntilnextweek.出行被推迟到下周。fortunen.运气；命运；财富havegoodfortune运气好makeafortune发财；赚大钱fortunateadj.幸运的Wearefortunatetoliveinpeacefultimes.我们有幸生活在和平年代。fortunatelyadv.幸运地；幸好Fortunately,noonewashurtintheaccident.所幸事故中无人受伤。unfortunateadj.不幸的Itwasanunfortunatemisunderstanding.这是一场令人遗憾的误会。oughttomodalv.应该；应当（表责任、建议、推测）oughttodosth.应该做某事Yououghttorespectyourteachers.你应当尊敬师长。oughtnottodosth.不应该做某事Yououghtnottostayuplate.你不应该熬夜。turnupv.出现；露面；开大（音量/热度等）；被找到turnup(at+地点)出现；露面Heturneduplateattheparty.他参加聚会时迟到了。turnup(sth.)调大（音量、炉火等）Pleaseturnuptheradio.Ican'thearitclearly.请把收音机音量调大，我听不清楚。appointedadj.约定的；指定的；委派的Wegatheredattheappointedtime.我们在约定时间集合。Pleasewaitattheappointedplace.请在指定地点等候。appointv.任命；委派；约定appointsb.assth.任命某人为……Thecompanyappointedherasmanager.公司任命她为经理。appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事Theyappointedhimtotakechargeofthework.他们委派他负责这项工作。appointmentn.任命；约会；约定Ihaveanappointmentwiththedoctortoday.我今天和医生有约。strikev.撞；碰；击打；突然想到；（灾难、疾病）侵袭；罢工Theboystrucktheballhard.男孩用力击球。Anideastrikessb.某人突然想到一个主意Agoodideastruckmejustnow.我刚才突然想到一个好主意。strikefor/against为/反对…罢工Workersstruckforhigherpay.工人们为争取加薪举行罢工。n.罢工；袭击；击打goonstrike举行罢工strikingadj.显著的；引人注目的Thereisastrikingdifferencebetweenthetwoplans.这两个方案有着明显的差异。scenen.场景；场面；景色；（戏剧/电影）一幕；事发地点onthescene在现场Policearrivedonthesceneimmediately.警方立刻抵达了现场。scenicspot景点Thisisafamousscenicspotinthecity.这是这座城市里知名的景点。behindthescenes在幕后；暗中Manypeopleworkhardbehindthescenes.许多人在幕后默默付出。sceneryn.风景；自然风光Thesceneryhereisbreathtaking.这里的自然风光令人赞叹。scenicadj.风景优美的；舞台的Wedrovealongascenicroad.我们沿着一条风景优美的道路行驶。【牛刀小试】一、英译汉acquireanxiousfortuneillustratequality二、汉译英推迟鼓舞人心的场景；景色倾向于更新【即学即练】

选词填空词库：tend,update,quality,appointed,strike,scene1.Please______yourphonesystemregularlyforbetteruse.2.People______tofeelsleepyafterlunch.3.Wewillmeetatthe______timetomorrowmorning.4.Thepolicerushedtothe______rightaftertheaccident.5.Thisfactorystrictlycontrolsthe______ofitsproducts.6.Lightningislikelyto______treesonrainydays.汉译英不要只因一点失误就全盘否定。——————————————————————————她焦急地等待着最新消息。——————————————————————————考点二Unit4Friendsforever重点词组搭配1.交朋友makefriends2.与...交流communicatewith3.与...保持联系keepintouchwith4.失去...的联系losetouchwith5.如果怎么办？whatif6.多亏了thanksto7.社交媒体socialmedia8.维系友谊maintainfriendship9.数字时代digitalage10.使某人做某事makesbdosth11.即使evenif/eventhough12.这要视情况而定。Itdepends13.倾向于做，易于做tendtodo14.不分良莠一起抛弃throwthebabyoutwiththebathwater15.在过去inthepast16.向某人寻求帮助turntosbforhelp17.没能做某事failtodo18.把...倒入...pourinto19.使...疏远...,与...保持距离keepapart20.普通人ordinarypeople21.以...为背景besetin22.发财makeafortune23.把...拖出dragoutof24.应该做oughttodo25.收到某人来信hearfromsb26.到处忙碌奔波rusharound27.（终于）出现turnup28.按时，准时ontime29.划火柴strikeamatch30.便衣，朴素的衣服plainclothes31.因...感到羞耻beashamedof32.渴望longfor33.读完readthrough/finishreading34.观点pointofview35.无论什么nomatterwhat【牛刀小试】一、汉译英交朋友____________与……交流____________多亏了____________收到某人来信____________发财____________二、英译汉keepintouchwith____________whatif____________socialmedia____________turnup____________tendtodo____________【即学即练】一．选词填空选词框：makefriends；keepintouchwith；thanksto；turnup；makeafortune1.Wecan________easilywithothersonsocialmedianowadays.2.________hishelp,Ifinishedthedifficulttaskontime.3.Hehopesto________bystartinghisownsmallbusiness.4.Shedidn't________atthepartyuntilnineo'clocklastnight.5.It'simportantto________whenyouenteranewschool.二、单项选择1.Youshould________yourclassmateswhenyouhavetrouble.A.lookafterB.turntosbforhelpC.giveupD.putaway2.People________liveahardlifeintheolddays.A.plantoB.tendtoC.waittoD.learnto3.Ioften________mypenpalfromAmericaeverymonth.A.lookforB.waitforC.hearfromsbD.carefor4.Wehavelivedinthe________withmobilephonesandtheInternet.A.stoneageB.digitalageC.iceageD.goldenage5.Don't________yourfamilynomatterwhathappens.A.keepapartfromB.takecareofC.lookforwardtoD.payfor考点三Unit4Friendsforever语法解析梳理限定性定语从句1梳理限制性定语：从句不能去掉，去掉主句句意不完整，不用逗号隔开。二、逐个用法+例句1.who（指人，作主）先行词是人，从句缺主语。Thegirlwhohelpedmeismydeskmate.帮过我的女孩是我同桌。2.whom（指人，作宾）先行词是人，从句缺宾语，口语常用who替换，可省略。Theboy(whomwemet)isanewstudent.我们遇见的那个男孩是新生。3.which（指物，作主/宾）先行词是事物，作主不可省，作宾可省。Thisisthebookwhichispopular.（主）Ilikethegift(which)youbought.（宾）4.that（万能：人+物，作主/宾）✅人、物通用，作宾语常省略。Thepen(that)Ilostwasexpensive.（物，宾）TheteacherthatstandsthereisfromEngland.（人，主）✍️只用that、不用which的6种情况先行词含人+物：Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyvisited.先行词不定代词(all,everything,nothing,something…)：Allthatyousaidistrue.先行词有序数词/最高级：ThisisthemostmovingstorythatI’veread.先行词被theonly/thevery修饰：Thisistheonlywaythatwecanuse.疑问词who/which开头问句：Whothatbreakstherulewillbepunished?先行词被all,every,no,little,much修饰。✍️只用which、不用that介词提前时：Thisisthehouseinwhichhelives.（in不可放that前）5.whose（表所属：……的，作定语）结构：whose+名词=the+n.+ofwhom/ofwhich指人：Thestudentwhosefatherisadoctorworkshard.指物：Ihavearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.三、关系代词省略规则关系代词在定语从句作宾语→可省略(that/which/whom)Iknowtheman(whom/that)yousawyesterday.（宾→省）Iknowthemanwhoisstandingthere.（主→不能省）四、易错总结介词+whom/which，绝对不能用that/whoThegirlwithwhomhespokeishiscousin.whose不拆分，永远修饰后面名词。限制性无逗号，非限制性有逗号、不能用that。【牛刀小试】用合适关系代词填空1.Thegirl______issingingonthestageismycousin.2.Thisisthenewbike______myfatherboughtforme.3.Theman______wevisitedyesterdayisafamouswriter.4.Iknowastudent______motherworksinahospital.5.Theyaretalkingaboutthepeopleandplaces______theysawlastyear.【即学即练】一.单选1.Theboy______helpedmewithmyEnglishismybestfriend.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.what2.Thisisthemostinterestingnovel______Ihaveeverread.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when3.Thehouse______welivedinlastyearisverybeautiful.A.whichB.whoseC.whoD.where4.Doyouknowthegirl______fatherisapoliceman?A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which5.Theytalkedaboutteachersandschools______theyhadvisited.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom二.中译英1.Thelady_______________（站在门口的）ismyteacher.（提示：先行词人，从句缺主语）2.Thisisthepen_______________（我上周买的）.（提示：先行词物，从句作宾语，关系词可省略）3.Theoldman_______________（我们昨天拜访的）isverykind.（提示：先行词人，从句缺宾语）4.Theboy_______________（爸爸是医生的）workshard.（提示：用表所属的关系代词whose）5.Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandthings_______________（他们所见到的）.（提示：先行词人+物，只用that）考点四Unit4Friendsforever撰写故事结尾（一）写作主题：Writeasurpriseendingtoafriendshipstory围绕二十年友情、离别重逢、意外反转续写故事结尾，侧重惊喜型结局创作。文章结构（故事结尾三段式写作框架）段落写作内容写作要点开头段（环境+人物出场）交代场景（时间、地点、环境）+主角状态用setting描写烘托氛围，交代人物当下处境（出狱/等候/见面）中间段（情节发展+对话）偶遇新人物、人物对话、引出关键线索（信件/信物）用人物外貌、动作、神态描写+对白推进故事结尾段（结局反转）揭晓伏笔，完成惊喜/伤感/圆满收尾利用前文伏笔制造反转，点明友情主旨（三）课本有用表达（分三类：场景Setting/人物Character/动作Action）1.Setting（环境场景描写）intothecoldwind迎着凛冽寒风thatcold,darknight在那个阴冷漆黑的夜晚thestreetwaslonganddark街道漫长又昏暗2.Character（人物外貌+情绪描写）lostandhelpless茫然无助（人物心境）afamiliar-lookingmaninhisthirties一位三十多岁、面熟的男子smiledbitterly苦涩地笑shoutedinsurprise吃惊地大喊beashamedof为……愧疚longforananswer渴望一个答复3.Action（动作描写）stepoutofjail踏出监狱turnaround转过身unfoldthenote展开信纸handsareshaking双手颤抖replythewords回话（四）结尾分类词（四种结局）ahappyending圆满结局/asadending悲剧结局/asurpriseending惊喜结局/anopenending开放式结局（五）写作任务依据原文Bob出狱、二十年等候好友Jimmy的故事背景，续写20年后Bob被捕后的全新结尾（surpriseending）。参考范文（惊喜式结尾，贴合课本主题）Newending:TwentyyearsafterBobwasarrestedSteppingoutofthepolicestationintothewarmsunset,Bob,nearly60,felttiredbutpeacefulafterbeingsetfree.HehadspenttwodecadesregrettinghispastmistakesandmissinghisdearestfriendJimmydayandnight.HehadnofamilyandalmostlosthopeofmeetingJimmyagain.Suddenly,amiddle-agedmanwalkedtowardshimwithawarmsmile.ItwasJimmy!Jimmyheldoutaletterandsaid,“Ihavewaitedforyoufortwentyyears.Inevergiveuponourfriendship.”Bob’shandsshookashereadtheletter.JimmywrotethathehadtriedhisbesttohelpBobduringtheseyearsandpreparedasmallhouseforhim.“IthoughtIwouldneverseeyouagain,”Bobcriedhappily.Theywalkedsidebysideintothegoldendusk,readytostartanewlifetogether.Itwasawarmsurpriseendingfulloflong-lostfriendship.写作练习根据课本Jimmy与Bob故事的内容，自主选择结局类型（happy/sad/open），仿写故事结尾，可以参考文中用到的环境/人物/动作短语。一、选词填空词库：acquire,tendto,postpone,turnup,maintain1.It'snecessaryforusto________goodfriendshipswithourclassmates.2.People________feeltiredafterstayinguplate.3.Wehaveto________thetripbecauseofthebadweather.4.Youcan________morepracticalskillsbytakingpartindifferentactivities.5.Hedidn't________untilthemeetingwasnearlyover.二、单项选择1.Weshould________ourteachersandclassmates.A.communicatewithB.comparewithC.competewithD.complainabout2.Ihaven't________mypenfriendforalongtime.A.heardofB.heardfromC.heardoutD.heardabout3.Mostpeople________feelnervouswhenfacinganewchallenge.A.pretendtoB.plantoC.tendtoD.promiseto4.________yoursupport,wefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.A.InsteadofB.ThankstoC.AccordingtoD.Alongwith5.Don't________oldfriendsaftergraduation.A.keepintouchwithB.losetouchwithC.catchupwithD.comeupwith6.You________finishyourhomeworkbeforewatchingTV.It'syourduty.A.usedtoB.oughttoC.happentoD.refuseto7.Thewriterusesmanypicturesto________hisnewidea.A.imagineB.improveC.illustrateD.imitate8.Shefelt________abouthersickgrandmadayandnight.A.activeB.anxiousC.angryD.awful9.Thepolicearrivedatthe________rightaftertheaccident.A.sceneB.sceneryC.sightD.view10.Heworkedhardforyearsandfinally________.A.madeamistakeB.madeadecisionC.madeafortuneD.madealiving

专题04Unit4FriendsForever序号要点聚焦考点一Unit4Friendsforever核心词汇梳理考点二Unit4Friendsforever重点词组搭配考点三Unit4Friendsforever语法解析梳理考点四Unit4Friendsforever撰写故事结尾深｜深｜研｜精｜炼考点一Unit4Friendsforever核心词汇梳理【考点精讲】familiaradj.熟悉的；通晓的;非正式的；亲昵随便的befamiliarwithsth/sb主语人→某人熟悉某物/某人▶例句：IamfamiliarwiththisoldfriendBob.我和老朋友鲍勃很熟。befamiliartosb主语事物/人→某物/某人为人所熟知▶例句：ThenameJimmyisfamiliartoBob.鲍勃对吉米这个名字很熟悉。易混区分familiar（adj.）熟悉的similar（adj.）相似的（形近词，易考辨析）preferv.更喜欢；偏爱prefersthIpreferwarmweather.我更喜欢温暖的天气。preferdoingsthBobpreferswaitingforhisoldfriend.鲍勃情愿等候他的老朋友。prefertodosthShepreferstostayathomeonrainydays.下雨天她更愿意待在家里。preferAtoBIpreferfriendshiptomoney.比起金钱，我更看重友情。prefertodoAratherthandoBHepreferstoforgiveratherthanhateothers.他选择原谅，而不去怨恨别人。preferencen.偏爱；喜好haveapreferenceforsthHehasapreferenceforquietlife.他偏爱安稳平淡的生活。losetrackof失去联系；跟不上进展WelosttrackofBobafterhewentintoprison.鲍勃入狱后我们就和他失去了联系。Ioftenlosetrackoftimewhenreadingstories.读故事时我常常忘了时间。反义短语keeptrackof与……保持联系；留意动态Ikeeptrackofmyoldfriendsalltheseyears.这些年我一直和老朋友们保持联络。trackn.踪迹；轨道Wefoundthetrackofthelittleanimalinthesnow.我们在雪地里发现了小动物的足迹。deliverv.递送；运送deliversthtosbTheyoungmandeliveredanotetoBob.这个年轻人给鲍勃送来一张便条。发表（讲话）deliveraspeechHewilldeliveraspeechabouttruefriendship.他将要发表一篇关于真挚友情的演讲。兑现；实现deliverone'spromiseJimmytriedhisbesttodeliverhispromisetomeetBob.吉米尽全力兑现和鲍勃见面的承诺。deliveryn.递送；投递Wechooseexpressdeliveryfortheletter.我们选择快递寄送这封信。thanksto多亏；由于thanksto+名词/代词ThankstoJimmy’sson,Bobgottheletteratlast.多亏吉米的儿子，鲍勃最终收到了信件。可用于负面语境Thankstothebadweather,theyfailedtomeet.由于恶劣天气，他们没能碰面。dueto（介词短语，侧重客观原因，作表语/状语）Hissadnesswasduetomissinghisfriend.他的难过源于思念友人。advancev.(verb)前进；推进；促进；提前；提出advancetowardssp.朝某地前进例：Thetroopsadvancedtowardstheborder.部队向边境行进。advanceaplan/idea/opinion提出计划/想法/观点例：Sheadvancedanewproposalatthemeeting.她在会上提出了一项新提议。n.(noun)前进；进步；进展；预付款makeadvances取得进展例：Greatadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicine.医学领域取得了巨大进步。inadvance提前，预先例：Pleasebooktheticketinadvance.请提前订票。advanced(adj.)先进的；高级的；晚期的例：ThisisanadvancedEnglishcourse.这是一门高级英语课程。maintainv.维持；保持；维修；保养；坚持；主张maintainorder维持秩序maintainhealth保持健康maintainone'sopinion坚持观点maintainastablerelationship保持稳定的关系maintenancen.维护；保养；维持enablev.使能够；使成为可能；授予权利enablesb.todosth.使某人能够做某事Thenewpolicyenablespeopletotravelmoreconveniently.新政策让人们出行更加便利。beabletodosth.能够做某事Sheisabletoswimwell.她游泳游得很好。tendv.倾向于；往往会；照料；护理tendtodosth.倾向于做某事；往往做某事Peopletendtotrusthonestpeople.人们往往会信任诚实的人。tendtosb./sth.照料某人/某物Shetendstothesickpatientscarefully.她细心照料病患。tendencyn.倾向；趋势Thereisagrowingtendencytoworkonline.线上办公的趋势日渐明显。tenderadj.温柔的；脆弱的Hehasatenderheartforsmallanimals.他对小动物心怀温柔。updatev.更新；使现代化；向……提供最新信息updatesth.更新某物Weneedtoupdatethesoftwareregularly.我们需要定期更新软件。updatesb.onsth.向某人告知某事最新情况Pleaseupdatemeontheprogress.请告诉我最新进展。n.更新；最新消息；新版本Thisisthelatestupdateoftheapp.这是这款应用的最新版本。updatedadj.更新后的；最新的Checktheupdateddatafirst.先查看更新后的数据。throwthebabyoutwiththebathwater习语良莠不分一并舍弃；因噎废食；全盘否定补充说明：源自旧时欧洲民间俗语，比喻剔除糟粕时，连带有用、珍贵的部分也一并丢掉。Weshouldimprovetheplaninsteadofthrowingthebabyoutwiththebathwater.我们应当完善方案，而非全盘否定。acquirev.获得；习得；取得；养成Ittakestimetoacquirenewknowledge.习得新知识需要花费时间。Sheacquiredagoodreadinghabitasachild.她从小养成了良好的阅读习惯。acquisitionn.获得；习得；收购Languageacquisitioniseasierforchildren.儿童的语言习得会更加轻松。acquiredadj.后天习得的；后天养成的Thisisanacquiredtaste.这是一种慢慢养成的口味。illustratev.说明；阐明；给…配插图；举例说明Thechartillustratesthechangesclearly.这份图表清晰说明了各项变化。illustratesth.withsth.用某物举例/配图说明Sheillustratedherpointwitharealstory.她用一则真实故事佐证自己的观点。illustrationn.说明；例证；插图Thisphotoisavividillustrationoflocallife.这张照片是当地生活的生动写照。inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的Thisisaninspiringstoryforyoungpeople.这是一个能激励年轻人的故事。aninspiringspeech振奋人心的演讲inspirev.激励；赋予灵感；启发Theheroinspiredustokeepgoing.这位英雄激励我们继续前行。inspirationn.灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事Shedrawsinspirationfromdailylife.她从日常生活中汲取灵感。inspiredadj.受启发的；受鼓舞的Wefeltinspiredafterlisteningtothelecture.听完讲座后我们备受鼓舞。qualityn.质量；品质；特性Thisproductisofhighquality.这款产品质量上乘。Honestyisavaluablepersonalquality.诚实是可贵的个人品质。adj.优质的；高品质的qualityservice优质服务qualifyv.（使）具备资格；达标Shequalifiedforthenationalcompetition.她获得了全国比赛的参赛资格。qualificationn.资格；资质；学历Professionalqualificationsarerequiredforthisjob.这份工作要求具备专业资质。qualifiedadj.有资格的；合格的Heisafullyqualifiedteacher.他是一名完全合格的教师。anxiousadj.焦虑的；担忧的；渴望的beanxiousaboutsth.为某事担忧Sheisanxiousaboutherexamresults.她为考试成绩感到担忧。beanxioustodosth.渴望做某事Theyareanxioustostartthenewproject.他们迫切想要开启新项目。beanxiousforsth.渴望得到某物Thechildrenareanxiousfortheholiday.孩子们盼着假期到来。anxietyn.焦虑；不安；渴望Toomuchanxietywillaffectyourhealth.过度焦虑会影响健康。postponev.推迟；延期Wehavetopostponethemeeting.我们不得不推迟会议。postponedoingsth.推迟做某事Theypostponedholdingthesportsmeeting.他们推迟举办运动会。postponeuntil/till推迟至……Thetripwaspostponeduntilnextweek.出行被推迟到下周。fortunen.运气；命运；财富havegoodfortune运气好makeafortune发财；赚大钱fortunateadj.幸运的Wearefortunatetoliveinpeacefultimes.我们有幸生活在和平年代。fortunatelyadv.幸运地；幸好Fortunately,noonewashurtintheaccident.所幸事故中无人受伤。unfortunateadj.不幸的Itwasanunfortunatemisunderstanding.这是一场令人遗憾的误会。oughttomodalv.应该；应当（表责任、建议、推测）oughttodosth.应该做某事Yououghttorespectyourteachers.你应当尊敬师长。oughtnottodosth.不应该做某事Yououghtnottostayuplate.你不应该熬夜。turnupv.出现；露面；开大（音量/热度等）；被找到turnup(at+地点)出现；露面Heturneduplateattheparty.他参加聚会时迟到了。turnup(sth.)调大（音量、炉火等）Pleaseturnuptheradio.Ican'thearitclearly.请把收音机音量调大，我听不清楚。appointedadj.约定的；指定的；委派的Wegatheredattheappointedtime.我们在约定时间集合。Pleasewaitattheappointedplace.请在指定地点等候。appointv.任命；委派；约定appointsb.assth.任命某人为……Thecompanyappointedherasmanager.公司任命她为经理。appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事Theyappointedhimtotakechargeofthework.他们委派他负责这项工作。appointmentn.任命；约会；约定Ihaveanappointmentwiththedoctortoday.我今天和医生有约。strikev.撞；碰；击打；突然想到；（灾难、疾病）侵袭；罢工Theboystrucktheballhard.男孩用力击球。Anideastrikessb.某人突然想到一个主意Agoodideastruckmejustnow.我刚才突然想到一个好主意。strikefor/against为/反对…罢工Workersstruckforhigherpay.工人们为争取加薪举行罢工。n.罢工；袭击；击打goonstrike举行罢工strikingadj.显著的；引人注目的Thereisastrikingdifferencebetweenthetwoplans.这两个方案有着明显的差异。scenen.场景；场面；景色；（戏剧/电影）一幕；事发地点onthescene在现场Policearrivedonthesceneimmediately.警方立刻抵达了现场。scenicspot景点Thisisafamousscenicspotinthecity.这是这座城市里知名的景点。behindthescenes在幕后；暗中Manypeopleworkhardbehindthescenes.许多人在幕后默默付出。sceneryn.风景；自然风光Thesceneryhereisbreathtaking.这里的自然风光令人赞叹。scenicadj.风景优美的；舞台的Wedrovealongascenicroad.我们沿着一条风景优美的道路行驶。【牛刀小试】一、英译汉acquireanxiousfortuneillustratequality答案获得；习得；养成焦虑的；担忧的；渴望的运气；命运；财富说明；阐明；举例质量；品质；优质的二、汉译英推迟鼓舞人心的场景；景色倾向于更新答案postponeinspiringscenetendupdate【即学即练】

选词填空词库：tend,update,quality,appointed,strike,scene1.Please______yourphonesystemregularlyforbetteruse.2.People______tofeelsleepyafterlunch.3.Wewillmeetatthe______timetomorrowmorning.4.Thepolicerushedtothe______rightaftertheaccident.5.Thisfactorystrictlycontrolsthe______ofitsproducts.6.Lightningislikelyto______treesonrainydays.参考答案1.update2.tend3.appointed4.scene5.quality6.strike汉译英不要只因一点失误就全盘否定。——————————————————————————她焦急地等待着最新消息。——————————————————————————参考答案1.Don'tthrowthebabyoutwiththebathwaterjustbecauseofasmallmistake.2.Shewaitedanxiouslyforthelatestupdate.考点二Unit4Friendsforever重点词组搭配1.交朋友makefriends2.与...交流communicatewith3.与...保持联系keepintouchwith4.失去...的联系losetouchwith5.如果怎么办？whatif6.多亏了thanksto7.社交媒体socialmedia8.维系友谊maintainfriendship9.数字时代digitalage10.使某人做某事makesbdosth11.即使evenif/eventhough12.这要视情况而定。Itdepends13.倾向于做，易于做tendtodo14.不分良莠一起抛弃throwthebabyoutwiththebathwater15.在过去inthepast16.向某人寻求帮助turntosbforhelp17.没能做某事failtodo18.把...倒入...pourinto19.使...疏远...,与...保持距离keepapart20.普通人ordinarypeople21.以...为背景besetin22.发财makeafortune23.把...拖出dragoutof24.应该做oughttodo25.收到某人来信hearfromsb26.到处忙碌奔波rusharound27.（终于）出现turnup28.按时，准时ontime29.划火柴strikeamatch30.便衣，朴素的衣服plainclothes31.因...感到羞耻beashamedof32.渴望longfor33.读完readthrough/finishreading34.观点pointofview35.无论什么nomatterwhat【牛刀小试】一、汉译英交朋友____________与……交流____________多亏了____________收到某人来信____________发财____________二、英译汉keepintouchwith____________whatif____________socialmedia____________turnup____________tendtodo____________汉译英答案makefriendscommunicatewiththankstohearfromsbmakeafortune英译汉答案与……保持联系如果……怎么办社交媒体（终于）出现倾向于做，易于做【即学即练】一．选词填空选词框：makefriends；keepintouchwith；thanksto；turnup；makeafortune1.Wecan________easilywithothersonsocialmedianowadays.2.________hishelp,Ifinishedthedifficulttaskontime.3.Hehopesto________bystartinghisownsmallbusiness.4.Shedidn't________atthepartyuntilnineo'clocklastnight.5.It'simportantto________whenyouenteranewschool.二、单项选择1.Youshould________yourclassmateswhenyouhavetrouble.A.lookafterB.turntosbforhelpC.giveupD.putaway2.People________liveahardlifeintheolddays.A.plantoB.tendtoC.waittoD.learnto3.Ioften________mypenpalfromAmericaeverymonth.A.lookforB.waitforC.hearfromsbD.carefor4.Wehavelivedinthe________withmobilephonesandtheInternet.A.stoneageB.digitalageC.iceageD.goldenage5.Don't________yourfamilynomatterwhathappens.A.keepapartfromB.takecareofC.lookforwardtoD.payfor参考答案选词填空答案1.makefriends2.Thanksto3.makeafortune4.turnup5.keepintouchwith单选答案答案：1.B2.B3.C4.B5.A1.lookafter照顾；giveup放弃；putaway收拾。遇到困难向同学求助，turntosbforhelp向某人求助，选B。2.planto计划；waitto等待；learnto学习。tendtodo倾向于、往往做某事，古时人们大多生活艰苦，选B。3.lookfor寻找；waitfor等候；carefor照看。hearfromsb收到某人来信，符合和笔友往来语境，选C。4.stoneage石器时代；iceage冰河时代；goldenage黄金时代。手机、互联网代表digitalage数字时代，选B。5.takecareof照顾；lookforwardto期待；payfor付费。keepapartfrom疏远、和……保持距离，句意：无论如何不要疏远家人，选A。考点三Unit4Friendsforever语法解析梳理限定性定语从句1梳理限制性定语：从句不能去掉，去掉主句句意不完整，不用逗号隔开。二、逐个用法+例句1.who（指人，作主）先行词是人，从句缺主语。Thegirlwhohelpedmeismydeskmate.帮过我的女孩是我同桌。2.whom（指人，作宾）先行词是人，从句缺宾语，口语常用who替换，可省略。Theboy(whomwemet)isanewstudent.我们遇见的那个男孩是新生。3.which（指物，作主/宾）先行词是事物，作主不可省，作宾可省。Thisisthebookwhichispopular.（主）Ilikethegift(which)youbought.（宾）4.that（万能：人+物，作主/宾）✅人、物通用，作宾语常省略。Thepen(that)Ilostwasexpensive.（物，宾）TheteacherthatstandsthereisfromEngland.（人，主）✍️只用that、不用which的6种情况先行词含人+物：Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyvisited.先行词不定代词(all,everything,nothing,something…)：Allthatyousaidistrue.先行词有序数词/最高级：ThisisthemostmovingstorythatI’veread.先行词被theonly/thevery修饰：Thisistheonlywaythatwecanuse.疑问词who/which开头问句：Whothatbreakstherulewillbepunished?先行词被all,every,no,little,much修饰。✍️只用which、不用that介词提前时：Thisisthehouseinwhichhelives.（in不可放that前）5.whose（表所属：……的，作定语）结构：whose+名词=the+n.+ofwhom/ofwhich指人：Thestudentwhosefatherisadoctorworkshard.指物：Ihavearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.三、关系代词省略规则关系代词在定语从句作宾语→可省略(that/which/whom)