Unit 2 Inspiring People Section B 知识清单新教材人教版九年级英语上册

1/11Unit2InspiringPeopleSectionBWhatmakespeopleadmirable？知识点一、单元词汇单词SectionB1.adj.科学（上）的2.n.生物学家3.adj.所有的，完全的4.n.银行5.adv.永远6.n.无线电，收音机7.n.收藏品，收集物8.n.探索9.n.宇宙10.n.社会主义11.n.洞，孔12.n.女儿13.pron.她自己，她本人14.n.飞行，航班15.n.木工手艺16.n.发明家17.n.思想家18.n.时期，一段时间19.n.王国20.n.善良21.conj.是否22.n.人类短语SectionB1.被...震惊，因...发抖2.在一场车祸中3.备受尊敬的生物学家4.种子库5.各种植物种子6.确保7.展示出深沉的热爱和好奇心8.在年仅15岁时9.无线电工程10.对...感兴趣11.不畏严寒和高处12.生病13.培训当地学生14.在实地研究中，在野外研究中15.给某人提供某物16.留下，遗留17继续存在，继续活着18.在科学探索的道路上19.成长，长大20.查明，弄清楚21.在地球上，世界上22.黑洞23.引导某人做某事24.探索宇宙的秘密25.戴口罩26.病人的数量27.获得诺贝尔化学奖28.支付飞行课程的费用29.因为...出名30.使...成真31.据说32.实际上，事实上33.最重要的是，尤其是34.战国时期35.普通人36.听到和平与爱的讯息37.构建人类命运共同体38.专心致志与，献身于，专用于39.在农村扶贫40.为人民服务SectionB二、单元重点、难点、考点精讲【考点1】On25September2017,thescientificworldwasshakenbythenewsthatChineseprofessorZhongYanghaddiedinacaraccident.【解析】1.shake的用法：过去式：shook过去分词：shaken现在分词：shaking核心含义：①摇动；晃动；抖动（及物/不及物动词），人或物体快速、短促地来回移动。及物用法（后接宾语）：Shakethebottlebeforedrinkingthejuice.喝果汁前摇一摇瓶子。Sheshookherheadandsaid"No".她摇了摇头说“不”。不及物用法（不接宾语）：Thewholehouseshookwhentheearthquakehappened.地震发生时，整栋房子都在摇晃。Hishandsshookwithcold.他的手冻得发抖。②握手shakehandswithsb（和某人握手）Weusuallyshakehandswithnewfriendswhenwemeetthem.我们见到新朋友时通常会握手。③使震惊；使不安（及物动词，常考被动语态）beshakenbysth（被某事震惊）Wewereallshakenbythebadnews.（我们都被这个坏消息震惊了。）2.过去完成时（1）核心定义：表示在过去某个动作或时间点之前已经发生或完成的动作。简单说：两个过去动作，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。（2）基本结构：主语+had+动词过去分词(done)否定式：主语+hadnot(hadn't)+done•疑问式：had+主语+done?⚠️易错点：had无人称变化（所有人称都用had）最常用时间标志词：by+过去时间：by2020,bytheendoflastyearbefore+过去动作/时间：beforeIarrived,before8o'clockyesterdaywhen/after+一般过去时从句（4）3个核心用法：①表示"过去的过去"已完成的动作Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearned10Englishsongs.（到上学期末，我们已经学了10首英文歌。）（"上学期末"是过去时间，"学歌"发生在这之前）WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadystarted.（当我到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。）（"到达"是过去动作，"电影开始"发生在到达之前）②表示过去某一动作之前持续的状态Hehadworkedinthatfactoryfor5yearsbeforehemovedhere.他搬到这里之前，已经在那家工厂工作了5年。③表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算Ihadhopedtoseeyouyesterday,butIwastoobusy.我本来希望昨天见你，但太忙了。【考点2】Thewell-respectedbiologisthadspenthiswholeliferesearchingplantsandseeds.【解析】1.well-respected的用法：形容词，受人尊敬的；德高望重的。复合形容词，由副词well+过去分词respected构成，中间必须加连字符。常见类似单词：单词中文释义例句well-known著名的；众所周知的TuYouyouisawell-knownmedicalscientist.well-educated受过良好教育的Hecomesfromawell-educatedfamily.well-paid高薪的Doctorsareusuallywell-paidjobs.well-dressed穿着讲究的Thewell-dressedladyisournewEnglishteacher.well-organized有条理的Herdeskisalwayscleanandwell-organized.【拓展】反义词则常用badly或poorly，如：poorly-educated（教育程度低的）badly-behaved（行为不端的）。2.spend的用法：过去式：spent过去分词：spent现在分词：spending⚠️核心前提：spend的主语必须是人，不能是物。核心结构：①spend+时间/金钱+onsth.含义：在某物/某事上花费时间/金钱Ispendtwohoursonmyhomeworkeveryday.我每天花两个小时做作业。Shespent100yuanonthisnewdictionary.她花了100元买这本新字典。②spend+时间/金钱+(in)doingsth含义：花费时间/金钱做某事Hespentthewholeafternoon(in)playingbasketball.他花了整个下午打篮球。\Theyspentalotofmoney(in)buildingthenewschool.（他们花了很多钱建这所新学校。）⚠️重要提示：介词in可以省略③spend+时间+withsb含义：和某人一起度过时间Iusuallyspendweekendswithmygrandparents.我通常和爷爷奶奶一起过周末。单词辨析：单词主语花费内容核心结构例句spend人时间金钱sb.spend(s)time/moneyonsthsb.spend(s)time/money(in)doingsthIspent50yuanonthebook.cost物金钱sth.cost(s)sb.moneyThebookcostme50yuan.takeit（形式主语）时间Ittakessb.timetodosthIttookmetwohourstofinishthework.pay人金钱sb.pay(s)moneyforsthIpaid50yuanforthebook.【考点3】ZhongYangknewitwasbettertoincludemorepeoplewhendoingimportantwork.【解析】1.include的用法：动词（v.）含义：包括；用法：在句子中作谓语，有人称、时态和数的变化。常见变形：三单形式includes、过去式/过去分词includedThetourticketincludesavisittothemuseum.这张游览票包含博物馆的参观费用。Hisarticleincludedmanyhelpfulsuggestions.他的文章里包含了很多实用的建议。Allthenecessarytoolsareincludedinthebox.所有必备工具都包含在箱子里。（被动语态）including介词（prep.）含义：包括……在内用法：不能作谓语，属于介词，后面直接接名词或代词作宾语；通常用逗号与前面的主句隔开，起补充说明的作用。WehavelearnedtenEnglishsongsthisterm,includingthisone.这学期我们学了十首英文歌，包括这一首。Manypeopletookpartintheactivity,includingsomeoldpeople.很多人参加了这次活动，包括一些老人。2.when/whiledoingsth当做某事时whendoingimportantwork是省略结构，此处的完整表达为whenhewasdoingimportantwork。当when或while引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句的谓语中含有be动词时，从句的主语和be动词通常可省略。When(hewas)runningbythelake,hemethisbestfriend.在湖边跑步时，他遇到了他最好的朋友。While(shewas)onvacation,Lilytookmanyphotos.莉莉度假时拍了很多照片。When(itis)necessary,youshouldtellthetruth.当有必要时，你应该说出真相。【考点4】TheirhardworkprovidedtheworldwithlotsofnewinformationaboutplantsinChina.【解析】provide的用法：过去式：provided过去分词：provided现在分词：providing核心结构：①.providesthforsb（为某人提供某物）含义：把某物提供给某人Theschoolprovidesbooksforallthestudents.学校为所有学生提供课本。Thegovernmentprovidesfoodandclothesforthehomelesspeople.政府为无家可归的人提供食物和衣服。②.providesbwithsth（为某人提供某物）含义：给某人提供某物Theschoolprovidesallthestudentswithbooks.学校为所有学生提供课本。Thehotelprovidesguestswithfreebreakfast.这家酒店为客人提供免费早餐。provide和offer的区分：单词常用结构语义侧重provideprovidesb.withvidesth.forsb.供给所需的物资、条件、服务offeroffersb.sth./offersth.tosb.给某人提供某物offertodosth.主动提出做某事主动、自愿地提出给予或帮忙HeofferedmeacupofteawhenIgottohishome.我到他家时，他主动给我倒了一杯茶。MydeskmateofferedtohelpmewithmyEnglish.我的同桌主动提出帮我补习英语。【考点5】ZhongYangleftbehindmorethanjustahugecollectionofseeds.【解析】1.leavebehind的用法：留下；遗留；忘记携带“动词+副词”型短语，当宾语是名词时，可放在leave与behind中间，也可放在behind后；当宾语是人称代词(it/them等)时，只能放在两者中间。Ileftmyumbrellabehind.我忘记带我的雨伞了。Idon'twanttoleaveanythingbehind.我不想留下任何东西。Takeyourmobilephone;don'tleaveitbehind.带上你的手机，别把它落下。collection名词核心含义：收集；收藏品；一批物品可数名词：（一批）收藏品、收集物指分门别类收集起来的一类物品。Mygrandpahasalargestampcollection.我爷爷有大量的邮票藏品。Themuseumshowsawonderfulcollectionofoldphotos.这家博物馆展出了一批精美的老照片藏品。不可数名词：收集、采集（行为/过程）抽象含义，指“收集东西”这个动作或过程。Thecollectionofwastepaperhelpsprotecttheenvironment.废纸回收有助于保护环境。高频固定搭配：acollectionof一批……；许多……stampcollection集邮；邮票收藏artcollection艺术藏品bookcollection藏书单词变形：词性单词含义动词collect收集；采集名词（人）collector收藏家；采集者名词（事物/行为）collection收集；收藏品【考点6】Hisloveforhisjobandresearchlivesoninhisstudents.【解析】liveon①继续存在；继续活着作此义讲时是不及物动词短语，此时on是副词，其后不跟宾语。Hisspiritwillliveonforever.他的精神将永远存在。Helivedonforfifteenyearsafterhiswifedied.妻子去世后，他继续活了十五年。②以……为食；靠……生活作此义讲时是及物动词短语，此时on为介词，后面必须跟宾语。Mostpandasliveonbamboo.大多数熊猫以竹子为食。【考点7】Whenmysistergrowsup,shewantstobecomeascience/scientistbecauseshelikestofindouthowtheuniverseworks.【解析】findout,find与lookfor的区分：lookfor（过程）IamlookingformyEnglishnotebookeverywhere,butIcan'tseeit.我正在到处找我的英语笔记本，但没看见。（还没找到，强调动作）find（结果）Aftersearchingfortenminutes,Ifound​mypenunderthedesk.找了十分钟后，我在课桌下找到了我的笔。（结果，找到了）findout（查明、弄清楚）Thescientistwantedtofindout​whythelaketurnedgreen.这位科学家想弄清楚为什么湖变绿了。（需要调查/研究才能知道的事）【考点8】You'dbetterwearamaskwhenyougoout.【解析】hadbetter最好。缩写形式为'dbetter,无人称、数和时态的变化，后面直接加动词原形。hadbetterdosth最好做某事Youhadbetter​handinyourhomeworkontime,ortheteacherwillbeangry.你最好按时交作业，不然老师会生气的。hadbetternotdosth最好不做某事Wehadbetternot​playfootballinthestreet;it'stoodangerous.我们最好不要在街上踢足球，太危险了。【考点9】Thediseaseis，andthenumberofpatientsisgoingup.【解析】patient的用法：①形容词（adj.）：有耐心的；能忍耐的。bepatientwithsb对某人有耐心OurEnglishteacherisalwayspatientwithuswhenwemakemistakes.当我们犯错时，我们的英语老师总是对我们很有耐心。bepatientofsth对某事有耐心Youneedtobepatientofthelongwaitfortheexamresults.你需要耐心等待考试结果。②名词（n.）：病人（可数名词）Thenurseistakinggoodcareofthesickpatientsinthehospital.护士正在医院里悉心照顾生病的病人。Thisdoctorhastreatedhundredsofpatientswiththisdisease.这位医生已经治疗了数百名患有这种疾病的病人。单词变形：单词词性核心搭配典型例句patience耐心不可数名词losepatience(withsb/sth)havepatience(withsb/sth)withpatienceIlostmypatiencewiththenoisyboy.我对那个吵闹的男孩失去了耐心。patiently耐心地副词waitpatientlylistenpatientlyShewaitedpatientlyforherturntoseethedoctor.（她耐心地等着轮到她看医生。）impatient不耐烦的形容词beimpatientwithsbbeimpatientforsthHeisimpatientforthecomingofthesummerholiday.（他迫不及待地盼望着暑假的到来。）【考点10】Earhartisbestknownforbeingaflight_asthefirstwomantoflyonherownacrosstheAtlanticOceanin1932.【解析】1.known的常见搭配：搭配中文释义核心区别典型例句beknownas作为……而出名强调身份、职业、称号YuanLongpingisknownasthe"FatherofHybridRice".（袁隆平作为“杂交水稻之父”而出名。）beknownfor因……而出名强调原因、特长、特征HangzhouisknownfortheWestLake.（杭州因西湖而出名。）beknownto为……所熟知强调熟知的对象ThesingerisknowntoyoungpeoplealloverChina.（这位歌手为全中国的年轻人所熟知。）beknownby通过……而被了解强调了解的方式Apersonisknownbythecompanyhekeeps.（观其友，知其人。）2.own的用法：own是一词多性词，同时拥有形容词和动词两种核心词性①作形容词，意为“自己的；本人的”，放在形容词性物主代词（my/your/his等）后面，不能单独使用。基本结构：形容词性物主代词+own+名词。Thisismyownroom.这是我自己的房间。Shewantstohaveherowncarwhenshegrowsup.她长大后想拥有一辆自己的车。固定搭配：搭配释义用法典型例句ofone'sown某人自己的作后置定语，放在名词后面Shehasadreamofherown.（她有一个自己的梦想。）onone'sown独自地；独立地作状语，相当于byoneselfHefinishedthedifficultprojectonhisown.（他独立完成了这个困难的项目。）②作动词，过去式：owned，过去分词：owned意为“拥有；有”，主语通常是人。Myuncleownsasmallrestaurantinthecitycenter.我叔叔在市中心拥有一家小餐馆。ThiscompanyownsthreefactoriesinChina.这家公司在中国拥有三家工厂。③派生词：owner（n.主人；所有者）Theownerofthedogisalittlegirl.这只狗的主人是一个小女孩。Pleasereturnthewallettoitsowner.请把钱包还给它的主人。【考点11】Tome,oneofthemostinspiringpeopleinChinesehistoryisMozi(about468-376BCE).【解析】oneof+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数。最……的……之一。作主语时，谓语动词必须用第三人称单数形式Thecomputerisoneofthemostusefulinventions​inthe20thcentury.电脑是20世纪最有用的发明之一。❌Oneoftheboysareplayingbasketball.(错误)✅Oneoftheboysisplayingbasketball.(正确)【考点12】ItissaidthatMoziwasasoldier,goodatwoodwork,andwastheinventorofthekite.【解析】Itissaidthat据说；人们说；核心结构It+is+said+that+完整句子It：形式主语，无实际意义，只是用来避免句子头重脚轻。真正的主语：后面的that从句。句中that引导主语从句，口语中可省略。Itissaidthatheisthebestbasketballplayerinourschool.据说他是我们学校最好的篮球运动员。Itissaidthattherewillbeaheavyraintomorrow.据说明天会有一场大雨。相似句型：句型中文释义典型例句Itisreportedthat据报道Itisreportedthatasportsmeetingwillbeheldnextmonth.据报道下个月举行运动会。Itisbelievedthat人们认为；大家相信Itisbelievedthatexerciseisgoodforourhealth.大家相信锻炼有助于健康。Itisknownthat众所周知ItisknownthatZhanTianyouistheFatherofChina'sRailways.众所周知，詹天佑是中国铁路之父。Itisthoughtthat人们认为Itisthoughtthatthisbookisveryusefulforstudents.人们认为这本书对学生有用处。Itishopedthat人们希望Itishopedthattheproblemcanbesolvedsoon.人们希望这个问题尽快解决。Itissuggestedthat有人建议Itissuggestedthatweshouldplantmoretrees.有人建议我们应该多种树。【考点13】Healsobelievedstatesshouldavoidattackingoneanother.【解析】1.state的用法：state是一词多性词，名词和动词两种词性（1）作名词①.国家；政府（侧重主权国家或政权）Chinaisagreatsocialiststate.（中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。）Thestateprovidesfreeeducationforallchildren.（政府为所有儿童提供免费教育。）②州（特指美国、澳大利亚等国的行政区划）⚠️重要提示：表示具体州名时，State首字母必须大写CaliforniaStateisfamousforitssunshine.（加利福尼亚州以阳光闻名。）HewasborninTexasState.（他出生在得克萨斯州。）③状态；状况（指人或事物所处的特定情形）固定搭配：•ina...state处于……状态Theoldhousewasinabadstate.（这座老房子状况很差。）Shewasinastateofexcitementwhensheheardthenews.（她听到消息时处于兴奋状态。）stateofmind心态；心情Agoodstateofmindisimportantforexams.（良好的心态对考试很重要。）作动词意为“陈述；说明；声明”，语气比say正式，常用于书面语或正式场合。过去式/过去分词：stated现在分词：stating单词变形：必考结构：state+that从句Thereportstatesthatsmokingisbadforhealth.（报告指出吸烟有害健康。）state+名词/代词Pleasestateyournameandaddress.（请说明你的姓名和地址。）stateclearly清楚地说明Hestatedclearlythathewouldnotgiveup.（他明确表示他不会放弃。）必考派生词：statement（n.陈述；声明）固定搭配：makeastatement（发表声明）Thescientistmadeastatementabouthisnewdiscovery.这位科学家就他的新发现发表了声明。Thepoliceaskedforastatementfromthewitness.警方要求证人提供证词。2.avoid的用法：avoid是规则动词，变化形式如下：过去式/过去分词：avoided•现在分词：avoiding名词形式：avoidance（避免）核心用法①avoiddoingsth（避免做某事）Wemustavoidcuttingdowntoomanytreestoprotecttheenvironment.我们必须避免砍伐太多树木来保护环境。②.avoidsth（避免某物/某事）后接名词或代词作宾语，Driversshouldavoiddangerousroadsatnight.司机夜间应避开危险路段。Hetookadifferentwaytoavoidtheheavytraffic.他走了另一条路来避开交通拥堵。③.avoidsb（避开某人）表示有意躲开不想见到的人Thelittleboyavoidedhisteacherbecausehedidn'tfinishhishomework.那个小男孩因为没完成作业而躲开了老师。拓展用法avoidbeingdone（避免被……）Weshouldlockthedoortoavoidbeingstolen.（我们应该锁门以防被盗。）Sheworeahattoavoidbeingrecognizedbyothers.（她戴了一顶帽子以免被别人认出来。）【考点14】Dedicatedherlifetoscienceandteachingyoungresearchers.【解析】dedicated是形容词，由动词dedicate派生而来，是描述人物奉献精神的高频词。动词（v.）：dedicate（奉献；致力于）过去式/过去分词：dedicated形容词（adj.）：dedicated（专注的；敬业的；献身的）•名词（n.）：dedication（奉献；献身精神）核心用法：（1）作形容词，意为“敬业的；专注的；有献身精神的”，用于形容人对工作、事业或目标全身心投入。1.作定语•TuYouyouisadedicatedmedicalscientistwhohassavedmillionsoflives.（屠呦呦是一位敬业的医学科学家，拯救了数百万人的生命。）2.作表语（与be动词连用）必考固定搭配：bededicatedtosth/doingsth⚠️高频易错点：这里的to是介词，后面必须接名词或动名词(doing)，绝对不能接不定式(todo)QianXuesenwasdedicatedtoChina'saerospaceindustryallhislife.（钱学森毕生致力于中国的航天事业。）Sheisdedicatedtohelpingpoorchildrengetagoodeducation.她致力于帮助贫困儿童获得良好的教育。（2）动词dedicate的用法意为“奉献；把…用于；致力于”，结构与形容词对应，固定搭配：dedicateoneselftosth/doingsth•ZhanTianyoudedicatedhimselftobuildingrailwaysforhismotherland.詹天佑献身于为祖国修建铁路的事业。•Hededicatedallhistimetohisresearchonhybridrice.他把所有时间都投入到杂交水稻的研究中。（3）名词dedication的用法意为“奉献；献身精神”，是不可数名词，Herdedicationtosciencehasinspiredmanyyoungpeople.她对科学的奉献精神激励了许多年轻人。Weadmirethededicationofthedoctorsandnursesduringtheepidemic.我们敬佩疫情期间医护人员的奉献精神。过关检测单项选择1.Theground______heavilywhentheearthquakehappenedlastnight.A.shakesB.shookC.shakenD.shaking2.Toomuchpressureonstudentsmay______manymentalproblems.A.leadtoB.turntoC.sticktoD.belongto3.Thisbeautifuldress______her300dollars,butshethoughtitwasworthit.A.spentB.costC.tookD.paid4.Shespokeinalowvoiceto______wakingupthesleepingbabyinthenextroom.A.finishB.enjoyC.practiceD.avoid5._____foodanddrinkstotheguestsattheparty______hermainresponsibilityyesterday.A.Served;wasB.Serving;wasC.Toserve;wereD.Serving;were6.Weboughtmanyfruitsforthepicnic,______apples,bananasandstrawberries.A.includeB.includesC.includingD.included7.Doctorsandnursesshouldbe____with____,eveniftheyasksillyquestions.A.patient;patientsB.patients;patientC.patient;patientD.patients;patients8.WhenIwasalittleboy,I______mygrandfatherverymuchandalwaysfollowedhimaroundthefarm.A.cameupwithB.caughtupwithC.lookeduptoD.keptupwith9.Shehasn'tdecided______togoabroadforfurtherstudyafterfinishinghighschool.A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.which10.Wouldyoumindturningdownthemusicalittle?Mybabysisterissleepinginthenextroom.______.I'lldoitrightnow.A.Yes,IdoB.No,Ican’tC.Sure,I'dlovetoD.You'rewelcome二．单词填空1.Manypeoplenowuse________(科学的)waystostudyhowtheearthchanges.2.Mycousinhasawonderful______（收集，收藏）ofcartoonpostcardsfromallovertheworld.3.Thankstomoderntechnology,deepsea________(探索)becomesmuchsaferthanbefore.4.Manypeoplebelievethatthereislifesomewhereelsein________(宇宙).5.ThomasEdisonwasagreatAmerican________(发明家)whocreatedthelightbulb.6.Herk________(善良)tothehomelesschildrenmovedeveryoneintheneighborhood.7.Thewriterwroteashort________(介绍)forhisnewbookbeforeChapterOne.8.Wewereverytiredafterthelong________(飞行，航班)fromBeijingtoLondon.9.Thescientistmadeanimportant________(发现)aboutthenewmedicinelastmonth.10.Withthehelpofmyteacher’s________(鼓励),IfinallypassedtheEnglishexam.完形填空Confucius(孔子)isoneofthemostimportantthinkersinChinesehistory.Hewas1.in551B.C.intheStateofLu.Hisfamilywasnotrichwhenhewasyoung.Afterhisfatherdied,hehadtoworktosupporthismother.2.hehadahardlife,heneverstoppedlearning.Hestudiedmusic,history,andpoetrywheneverhehadtime.Whenhegrewup,Confuciusbecamea3.andstartedaprivateschool.Atthattime,onlychildrenfromrichfamiliescouldgetaneducation.ButConfuciusbelievedthateveryoneshouldhavethe4.tolearn,nomatterhowmuchmoneytheirfamilyhad.So,he5.studentsfromallkindsofbackgrounds.Hetaughtabout3,000studentsinhislife,andmanyofthembecamegreatthinkerstoo.Confuciustaughtpeople6.kindandhonest.Hismostfamousideais"Donotdotootherswhatyoudonotwanttodotoyourself".Healsotaughtthatweshouldrespecttheelderlyandbestrict7.ourselves.HisstudentswrotedownhiswordsinabookcalledTheAnalects(《论语》).Eventoday,peopleallovertheworldstillreadthisbook.Everyyear,onhisbirthday,peopleholdceremoniesto8.him.HisideashaveinfluencednotonlyChinabutalsomanyothercountriesinAsiaandEurope.Confuciusshowedusthattruegreatnesscomesfromknowledgeandkindness.His9.​arelikelightsthatguideusthroughlife.Weshouldalwaysrememberhisteachingsandtrytobe10.toothers.1.A.bornB.birthC.raisedD.produce2.A.BecauseB.AlthoughC.IfD.When3.A.doctorB.farmerC.teacherD.scientist4.A.rightB.dutyC.habitD.reason5.A.refusedB.acceptedC.forgotD.doubted6.A.beenB.tobeC.beingD.be7.A.withB.atC.forD.in8.A.rememberB.forgetC.nameD.lose9.A.jokesB.povertyC.wordsD.songs10.A.usefulB.coldC.angryD.warm四.阅读理解AOnMay29,1953,EdmundHillaryfromNewZealandandhisNepalese(尼泊尔）guideTenzingNorgaymadehistory.TheybecamethefirstpeopletoreachthesummitofMountEverest（珠穆朗玛峰）,thehighestmountainintheworld.Thisgreatsuccessshowedthathumanscouldbeateventhehardestnaturalproblems.Hillarywasbornin1919inNewZealand.Asashyteenager,hediscoveredhisloveformountainclimbingduringaschooltrip.HetrainedhardandclimbedmanymountainsinNewZealandbeforesettinghisgoasonEverest.In1953,hejoinedaBritishexpedition（探险队）toclimbtheworld'shighestmountain.Thejourneytothetopwasdangerous.Theclimbersfacedfreezingtemperatures,strongwinds,andthinairthatmadebreathingverydifficult.Manyteamshadtriedandfailedbeforethem.OnthemorningofMay29,HillaryandTenzingsetoutfromtheirfinalcamp.Afterclimbingforseveralhours,theyfinallyreachedthesummitat11:30a.m.TheyplantedtheflagsofBritain,Nepal,India,andNewZealandonthetopoftheworld.HillaryandTenzingspentonlyabout15minutesatthesummitbecauseofthedangerousconditions.Theythenbegantheirdifficultdescent（下山）.Whentheyreturnedtobasecamp,thenewsoftheirsuccessspreadaroundtheworld.Hillarylatersaid,"Itisnotthemountainweconquer(征服）,butourselves."WhobecamethefirstpeopletoreachthesummitofMountEverest?TwoBritishclimbersB.EdmundHillaryandTenzingNorgayC.AteamfromNewZealandD.HillaryandhisBritishguide2.WhendidHillarydiscoverhisloveformountainclimbing?A.WhenhewasachildB.DuringaschooltripasateenagerC.AfterhejoinedtheBritisharmyD.WhenhefirstsawMountEverest3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"summit"inParagraph1meaninChinese?A.山脚B.山腰C.山顶D.营地4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadangertheclimbersfaced?A.FreezingtemperaturesB.StrongwindsC.WildanimalsD.Thinair5.WhatcanwelearnfromHillary'swordsinthelastparagraph?A.ClimbingmountainsiseasyB.ThemostimportantthingistoovercomeourownlimitationsC.MountainsarenotdifficulttoconquerD.WeshouldalwaysclimbthehighestmountainsBMencius(孟子)isoneofthemostimportantphilosophers(哲学家）inChinesehistory.Hewasbornabout2,300yearsago.Peoplecallhimthe"SecondSage"（亚圣）afterConfucius.LikeConfucius,Menciusspentmostofhislifetravelingfromstatetostate.Hetriedtoteachrulershowtobegoodleaders.Menciushadthreefamousideas.First,hebelievedthathumannatureisgood.Hethoughtpeoplewerebornkind,justlikewaternaturallyflowsdownward.However,ifpeoplearenoteducatedwell,theymightlearntodobadthings.Second,Menciuscaredalotaboutcommonpeople.Hetoldrulers,"Thepeoplearethemostimportant;thestatecomessecond;theruleristheleastimportant."Hewantedrulerstobekindtotheirpeople.Menciusisalsofamousforhissaying:"Giveuplifeforrighteousness(正义)."​Thismeansweshouldchoosetodotherightthing,evenifitcostsusourlives.Hiswordsarestillpowerfultoday.StudentsinChinaoftenlearnhissayingstounderstandwhatisrightandwrong.Mencius'smotheralsoplayedabigroleinhislife.Thereisafamousstor