江苏省苏州市2025-2026学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题含答案

江苏苏州市2025-2026学年度高二下学期期末英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。1.Whatwillthetwospeakersdothisafternoon?A．Takeabiologytest.B．Finishmathshomework.C．Reviewbiology.2.Whattimewillthemanarriveatthemeetingroom?A．At1:45p.m.B．At2:45p.m.C．At3:00p.m.3.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodoattheweekend?A．Lookforanewhouse.B．Goonatrip.C．Fixtheiroldhouse.4.Whatmighttheweatherbeliketomorrow?A．Windy.B．Sunny.C．Rainy.5.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A．Cutbackonscreentime.B．SitfartherfromtheTV.C．Changethechannel.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6、7小题。6.Whydidn’tthemanbuyticketsforthe7p.m.show?A．Itwastooexpensive.B．Hewasn’tfreeatthattime.C．Thegoodseatsweretaken.7.Howmuchdoesthemanpayfortwotickets?A．$18.B．$22.C．$24.听下面一段对话，回答第8、9、10小题。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A．Staffandguest.B．Husbandandwife.C．Salesmanandcustomer.9.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthehotelmanager?A．GenerousB．Thoughtful.C．Flexible.10.Whatwillthemandonext?A．SendthebreakfastmenutoMrs.Jones.B．Informthekitchenofthebreakfastorder.C．Bringthebreakfasttotheroomrightnow.听下面一段对话，回答第11、12、13小题。11.Whatisthemainpurposeofthementalhealthstation?A．Tohelpstudentsdealwithpressure.B．Totrainteacherstobeprofessional.C．Toinviteexpertstogivelecturesregularly.12.Howcanstudentsreceivehelpfromthestation?A．Contactschooldoctors.B．Visititdirectly.C．Consultonline.13.Whatdoesthewomanexpectthestationtoprovide?A．Practicalhelp.B．Healthtests.C．All-timeservices.听下面一段对话，回答第14、15、16、17小题。14.Whyarenewenergycarsnotwidelyacceptedinsomeforeigncountries?A．Theyarehardtodrive.B．Chargingcostsalotofmoney.C．Peoplestilllacktrustinthetechnology.15.Whatdoesthemanhopefor?A．Cheaperpublictransport.B．Moreroadspaceforcars.C．Lesspollutionfromcars.16.Howdoesthemanusuallygotowork?A．Bysubway.B．Onfoot.C．Bycar.17.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A．Attheirworkplace.B．Onacitystreet.C．Atacarfactory.听下面一段独白，回答第18、19、20小题。18.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A．Schoolstudents.B．Officeworkers.C．Healthexperts.19.Whatis“habitstacking”?A．Givingupbadhabitsquickly.B．Linkinganewhabitwithanoldone.C．Developingseveralnewhabitsatonce.20.Whydoes“habitstacking”work?A．Itcallsforstrongwillpower.B．Itmakespeoplemorecreative.C．Itfitsthewaythebrainworks.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。ABakeryChina:YourNextBigBreakStartsNow!TheChinaInternationalBakeryExhibition(BakeryChina)isco-organizedbytheChinaBakingIndustryAssociationandBeijingBakeriExhibitionServicesCo.,Ltd.Foundedin1997,thisannualindustryeventservestheentirebakingindustrychain,integratingbusinessmatchmaking,industryexchange,innovation,brandpromotion,trendinsights,businesscooperation,andtechnicaldiscussions.Itisagloballyleadingandhighlyinfluentialprofessionaltradeshowforthebakingindustry.TheexhibitionwillbesoonheldattheShanghaiHongqiaoNationalConventionandExhibitionCenterBakeryChinaputsfivecorestrengthsrightatyourfingertipsforyoutoexperience:1.IndustryLeadership—Itshowsthousandsofnewproducts,technologiesandbusinessideas,manyofwhichwillmaketheirfirstappearanceinChinaoreventheworld.Theexhibitionalsoreleasesindustrytrendreportsandhostshigh-levelbakingcompetitions,attractingskilledbakersfromdifferentcountries2.ResourceIntegration—Coveringover330,000squaremeters,theeventissettoattractover400,000visitorsand2,200brandsfromaroundtheworld.Itworksasaone-stoppurchasingcenterforthewholeindustrychain.3.InnovationDrive—The“BakeryChinaInnovationAward”recognizesoutstandingideasinthebakingindustry.Theeventalsopresentsinnovativerawmaterials,smartmachinesanddigitalsolutionstosupportbusinessdevelopment.4.TrendInfluence—Itworkswithpopularculturalbrandsandbuildsmodernshowareasforsocialmedia.Visitorscanenjoywonderfulskillshowsbyworld-famousmasters.5.GlobalConnectivity—Morethan70countriestakepartintheevent.IthelpsChineseandforeigncompaniesbuildinternationalbusinessconnections21.WhatcanwelearnaboutBakeryChinafromparagraph1?A．Itisinternationallyorganized.B．Itfocusesondomestictrade.C．Itoffersvariousindustryservices.D．Itisanewlylaunchedevent.22.Whichaspectcanreflect“IndustryLeadership”?A．One-stoppurchasing.B．Liveskillshows.C．Globallyconnectedmarkets.D．Newtrendyproducts.23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroduceanindustryevent.B．Toexplainamarkettrend.C．Topromoteanemergingbusiness.D．Tobuildanindustrychain.BIteachbiologyattheUniversityofWashington,andI’velostcountofhowmanytimesstudentscometomewithtextbookshighlightedinfourdifferentcolors.“Icantellyou’vedonealotofwork,”Isay.“Youreallywanttosucceed.”ThenIhavetotellthemthehardtruth:anymoretimespentonthisafterthefirsttimewasawaste.They’reshocked.“Howisthatpossible?”Studentshavebeentrainedforyearstokeepreadingandrereading,tomarkeverypageuntilitglows(变得鲜亮).Butresearchonthetestingeffectshowsthatpeoplelearnmorebytestingthemselvesthanbyrereading.Theideaissimple:readalittle,thentestyourself.Theproblemisthatmanystudentsdon’tknowhowtostudythisway.SoImodelitinclass.EveryfiveminutesIthrowoutaquestiononthematerialwehavejusttalkedabout,andIcanseethemstarttolookthroughtheirnotes.Isay,“Stop.Donotlookatyournotes.Takeaminutetothinkaboutityourself.”Itellthemourbrainsarelikeaforest,andyourmemoryisintheresomewhere.You’rehere,andthememoryisoverthere.Themoretimesyoumakeapathtothatmemory,thebetterthepathis,sothatthenexttimeyouneedthememory,it’sgoingtobeeasiertofindit.Butassoonasyougetyournotesout,youhaveshort-circuitedthepath.Youarenotexploringforthepathanymore,someonehastoldyoutheway.Atothertimes,Iposeaquestionandhavestudentswritethreepossibleanswersontheboard.Theyvotebyraisingfingers,thenfindsomeonewithadifferentanswerandfigureoutwhoiscorrect.Thistransformshowtheyseetheirownlearning.Whenstudentstripoveranexamquestion,they’llcommonlyaccusethetestofcontainingtrickquestions.Butnowtheycometomeafteradisappointingexamandsay,“Ihavetheillusion(错觉)ofknowing.HowdoIgetbetter?”24.Whyarethestudentsshockedbytheauthor’scommentontheirtextbooks?A．Theyconsidertheteachertoocritical.B．Theyfindtheirstudymethodquestioned.C．Theyregardreadingaseffectivelearning.D．Theyviewhighlightingasawasteoftime.25.Whatproblemdomanystudentsface?A．Theydependonfrequenttests.B．Theylackself-testingskills.C．Theyspendlittletimeinreading.D．Theyobjecttopagemarking.26.Whatdoestheauthormeanbycomparingthebraintoaforest?A．Memorydisappearswithoutregularuse.B．Memoriesexistinfixedlocations.C．Memorytrainingmeansmakingpaths.D．Noteconsultationhelpsrecall.27.Whatdostudents’wordsimplyinparagraph4?A．Theyaredisappointedattheexamresult.B．Theyregretnottestingthemselvesearlier.C．Theyprefersolvingproblemsindependently.D．Theyarereadytoimprovetheirlearningmethods.CPeopleintheUSthrowawayatleast17milliontonsoftextiles(纺织品)everyyear—about100poundsofclothingperperson.Atthesametime,unsoldblouses,jackets,andotherfashion-industryleftoversendupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场)suchastheoneinChile’sAtacamaDesert,sovastastobevisiblefromspace.Manyoftheseitemsarefastfashion—madequickly,soldcheaply,andinstylefortooshortatimebecausetheindustryreliesonnoveltytokeepconsumersbuying.Everyyeartheglobalfashionindustrygivesoffupto10percentoftheworld’sgreenhousegas.Growingcottoninvolveslargequantitiesofharmfulchemicals,andcoloringclothespollutesriverswithdangerouswaste.Man-madematerialslikenylonaremadewithfossil(化石)fuelsandreleasemicrofiberswitheverywash.Toaddresstheseproblems,it’stimetobuildarecyclingsysteminfashion—onethatreusesclothes,clothandthreads,recycleswheneverpossibleandencouragesproducersandsellerstochoosetextilesandprocessesthatminimizetheuseofrawresourcessuchascotton.Asawarenessincreases,manypeoplearedonatingtoorbuyingfromsecond-handstoresor,whentheyshopnew,lookingfor“certifiedorganic”labels.Consumersshouldbeawarethattheycanprodauthoritiesandbrandstotakeactionbydecidingwhichbrandstosupport.Undersuchpressure,manycompaniesaretryingtofigureouthowtoremainprofitablewhileproducinglessandensuringthatwhattheydomakedoeslessharmtopeopleandtheplanet.Consumersandcompaniesalonecan’tsolvesuchavastecologicalandclimateproblem,however.LastyearCaliforniarolledoutanextendedproducerresponsibility(EPR)lawfortextiles,whichrequiresbrandswithmorethan$1millioninglobalsalestopayforreuse,repairorrecyclingoftheirproducts.“Wearewatchingclosely,”saysRachelVanMetreKibbe,founderandCEOofadvisoryfirmCircularServicesGroup.“WhatIhaveinmindisarecyclingeconomy,whichbeginswithdesigningproductsforlastinguseratherthanquickreplacement.”28.Whydopeoplethrowawaysomanyclotheseachyear?A．Manyitemsarecheaplysold.B．Fashiontrendschangequickly.C．Mostclothesarepoorlymade.D．Peopletendtofollowthecrowd.29.Whatdoesthefashionrecyclingsystemadvocatedoing?A．Cuttingtheshareoffastfashion.B．Makingbetteruseofexistingresources.C．Loweringpricesforusedclothes.D．Limitingtheneedforprocessedproducts.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prod”inparagraph4mean?A．Urge.B．Support.C．Follow.D．Accept.31.WhatdoesRachelvalueinproducts?A．Lowcosts.B．Attractivedesigns.C．Long-termuse.D．Regularreplacement.DPeople’sviewsarebecomingincreasinglypolarized,withsocialbubbles(茧房)deepeningexistingbeliefsandwideningopiniongaps.Thispolarizationdoesn’tjustapplytopoliticalopinions;italsotouchesonfactualtopics,fromclimatechangetodiseaseprevention.Accordingtoarecentstudy,peopleusesearchenginesinwaysthatconfirmtheirexistingbeliefs,potentiallyexpandingpolarization.Asimpleadjustmenttosearchalgorithms(算法),theresearcherspropose,couldhelpdeliverabroaderrangeofperspectives.Onlineparticipantswereaskedtoratetheirbeliefsonsixtopics,suchasnuclearenergyandthehealtheffectsofcaffeine.Theythenchosesearchtermstolearnmoreabouteachtopic.Theresearchersratedtheterms’scope(范围)andfoundthatbetween9and34percentwere“narrow”.Forexample,whenresearchingthehealtheffectsofcaffeine,oneparticipantused“caffeinenegativeeffects”whileothersused“benefitsofcaffeine”.Thesenarrowtermstendedtomatchparticipants’existingbeliefs,andgenerallyfewerthan10percentdidthisknowingly.“Searchalgorithmsaredesignedtogivethemostrelevantanswersforwhateverwetype,whichendsupstrengtheningwhatwealreadythought,”saysEuginaLeungfromTulaneUniversity,wholedthestudy.SimilarresultsappearedwhenparticipantsusedChatGPT.Whenresearchersrandomlyassignedparticipantstoviewdifferentresults,theyfoundthattheresultsaffectedpeople’sopinionsandevenbehavior.Forexample,participantswhosawresultsabout“caffeine(咖啡因)healthbenefits”,ratherthan“risks”,weremorelikelytochooseacaffeinateddrinkafterward.Pointingoutbiasesinthesearchtermshadonlyasmalleffectonpeople’sfinalopinions.However,changingthesearchalgorithmtoprovidebroaderresultshelpedreducetheeffectsofnarrowsearches.“Peopleareabletobringindifferentperspectiveswhenthey’reexposedtothem,whichisencouraging,”Leungsays.Theresearchersrecommendapplyingsuchstrategies,possiblyas“searchbroadly”buttons.“Thiswouldbereallyhelpful,”Leungsays,butwhetheritwilleverhappen“ishardtopredict.”32.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?A．Searchenginescreatesocialbubbles.B．Publicdebatesonfactualtopicsbecomeheated.C．Opinionsareincreasinglydividedonpoliticalissues.D．Searchhabitsareunknowinglyexpandingopiniongaps.33.Whatisthefeatureof“narrow”searchterms?A．Theyinvolvebroaderideas.B．Theyfollowsocialtrends.C．Theymatchpopularbeliefs.D．Theystrengthenestablishedviews.34.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph3?A．Caffeinebenefitspeople’shealth.B．ChatGPTprovidesobjectiveinformation.C．Searchresultsmayinfluenceusers’choices.D．Onlinesearchesreflectpersonalinterests.35.Whatistheresearchers’suggestionabout?A．Approachestobroadeningsearchresults.B．Choiceofnewresearchmethods.C．Techniquesforidentifyingsearchbiases.D．Necessitytoinvolvemoreparticipants.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Steinway&Sonsiswidelyregardedasthekingofpianosacrosstheworld.ManyfamouspianistsclaimthatplayingaSteinwayisjustliketalkingwithalivingsoul.____36____Thatiswhyitspianosalwayscarrywarmthandtouchinghumanfeelingsthatmachine-madeonescannevermatch.FoundedinNewYorkin1853,Steinwayhaslongbeenviewedastheworld’stoppianomaker.ItrunstwomajorfactoriesinAstoria,NewYorkandHamburg,Germany.____37____Morethan250skilledcraftspeopleworkatitsNewYorkfactory.Ittakesnearlyawholeyeartofinishonepiano,whichismadeupofover12,000partsintotal.____38____Theydevotethemselvestotheirworkwithgreatpassionandpatience.Mostofthemhaveadeepunderstandingofmusicandart,insteadofsimplyfinishingadailyjob.ItiscommonforSteinwayworkerstostayinthecompanyfor25,40oreven50years.Steinwaypianosarenotonlymusicalinstrumentsbutalsobringcomforttopeopleinhardtimes.DuringWorldWar,around3,000speciallydesigneduprightpianoswereparachuted(空投)tosoldiersabroad.____39____Themusicremindedthemofhome,unitedthemandgreatlyliftedtheirspiritsinthewar.Musicismuchmorethanasimpleentertainmentoraluxury.Itisabasicneedofhumansurvival.Itallowspeopletoexpressinnerfeelingswhenwordsfailthem.____40____Withsteadycraftsmanshipanddeephumancare,Steinwayhasperfectlyinterpretedthetruemeaningofmusic.A．Itappealstotoppianistsofmanystyles.B．Moderntechnologyhaschangedpianoproduction.C．Itslastingcharmliesinstickingtohand-madecraftsmanship.D．Thetwofactoriesstrictlyfollowtraditionalmakingstandards.E．Theywouldgatheraroundthepianos,singingfamiliarfolksongs.F．CraftsmenatSteinwayarethesecretbehinditslong-termsuccess.G．Italsoservesasaspecialwayforhumanstounderstandlifeandtheworld.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。BythetimeIwasinhighschool,mydesireforindependencehadchangedme.Iwasnolongerachildwhocouldn’tsleepwithouthermother,butateenagerwhocouldn’t____41____hertouch.Everytimeshebrusheddustoffmysweaterorrubbedmyforehead,Iwould____42____,“Stoptouchingme!”Oneweekend,mymotherinvitedmetoherfriend’spartybutI____43____.“It’sboring,”Isaid.Shestaredatme,clearly____44____.“Youthinkyou’retoogoodforus?”I____45____mybackpackandleft.WhenIreturnedlate,thehousewasquiet.Onthetable____46____abowlofhotsoup-myfavorite,stillwarm,withanotethat____47____“Microwave30sec.”Mymotherhadherownwaysof____48____love.SheknewIlikedextrasoup,hatedtomatoes,andcouldn’thandlespicy(辛辣的)food.ShenoticedwhichsidedishIfinishedfirstsothatnexttimeitwouldbedoubled.Sheneversaid“Iloveyou.”Instead,sheshoweditwithnoodles,withrules,andwitha____49____thatneverletmesettleforless.Yearslater,whilepackingforcollege,Ifoundanold____50____keptinsidehersewingbox:shewassmilinghappilyinabluedress,herhair____51____done.Shelookedpretty,livelyandcompletelycarefree,quite____52____fromthemotherIknew-onewhoworeoldsweaters,____53____beforedawntomakemylunch,andmovedthroughthehouseonsilentfeet.Herdayswereshapedaroundmy____54____,myneedsandmyfuture.Ihelditforalongtime.ThenIplaceditinmysuitcase,determinedto____55____thatsmile.41.A．forgiveB．tolerateC．avoidD．resist42.A．criticizeB．screamC．laughD．whisper43.A．botheredB．declinedC．managedD．decided44.A．happyB．guiltyC．frightenedD．disappointed45.A．wrappedB．weighedC．grabbedD．collected46.A．satB．restedC．bouncedD．remained47.A．conveyedB．printedC．readD．showed48.A．sharingB．expressingC．creatingD．pursuing49.A．soulB．mindC．brainD．heart50.A．labelB．noteC．photoD．letter51.A．simplyB．quicklyC．roughlyD．carefully52.A．freeB．distantC．separateD．different53.A．roseB．departedC．hurriedD．shifted54.A．successB．honourC．routineD．business55.A．givebackB．turndownC．bringoutD．beatdown第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheairinXiaerheteVillageontheChina-Kazakhstanbordercarriesthesweetsmellofapples.Thisquiet,remotevillageinXinjianghasbeenremarkablyreshapedbyGulimilaDawulieti,____56____passionatelocalKazakhwomanwithadegreeinenvironmentalresources.In2019,Gulimilabecameheadofthevillagecommitteeandsetout____57____(transform)theplacewithgreatdetermination.Herbiggestchallengewasalargeareaofwaste____58____(lie)rightatthevillageentrancebesidethemainroad.Workingalongsidethevillagers,shehelpedcleartonsofwaste,treatpollutedsoilandturntheareaintoanappleorchard(果园),whichsoonbroughtnewhope.Astheenvironmentimproved,touristswho____59____(draw)toitssceneryandculturebegantoarrive.The2024hitTVseriesTotheWonderfurtherboostedtourismhere.Thankstostatesupport,villagersnowliveinmodernneighborhoods____60____(equip)withshowers,heatingboilersandstablepowersupply.Eventhemigrationrouteshavebeenmodernized.What____61____(be)onceaseven-dayjourneynowtakesonlytwoorthreedays,conductedwithgreaterorganizationandenvironmentalcare.ToGulimila,these____62____(season)movesarethe“rootandsoul”ofKazakculture.Itmustbeprotected,sheinsists,butprotectiondoesnotmeanforcingherneighborsbackintothepast.Uptonow,thevillagehasdevelopedapathofintegrateddevelopment,one____63____preservesthenomadic(游牧的)migrationtradition____64____turnsgrasslandcultureintoadistinctivetourismresource.Gulimila’sworkcontinues,guidedbyaphilosophyassimpleasitissteadfast(坚定的):improvetheenvironment,solidifylocal____65____(industry)andensureherneighbors’livelihoodsaresecure.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）66.假定你是李华，你校高二年级正在进行“一分钟跳绳擂台赛（One-MinuteRopeSkippingChallenge）”，排行榜将根据一分钟内跳绳次数不断更新。请向交换生Tom发一份邮件，邀请他一起参加，内容包括：1.介绍这次擂台赛；2.邀请参加。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可适当增加细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。DearTom,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes,LiHua第二节（满分25分）67.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使其构成一篇完整的短文。DeepinasmallandpeacefulvillagecalledWillowbrook,betweenwidesunflowerfieldsandquietwoods,livedaboynamedThomas.Helovedexploringthewoodsaroundthevillagemorethananything,alwayslookingfornewpaths,interestingstones,orhiddenspots.ThomasmetSebastianonedayduringhisexploration.Hewaswalkingthroughthewoodswhenhesawaboysittingonafallentreebythestream.ItwasSebastian,whowasdeeplyabsorbedinabook—helovedreadingsomuchthatheoftenborrowedbooksfromthevillagelibraryandlosthimselfinthewonderfulstoriesinside.Thomasgreetedhimwarmly,andtheysoongottoknoweachother.Thestreamsidebecametheirfavoritemeetingplace,whereThomaswouldtakeSebastiantoexplorenewpartsofthewoods,andSebastianwouldsometimesreadinterestingstoriestoThomas.Daybyday,theirfriendshipgrew,andtheyevenbuiltasecrethideoutinatreetrunk,makingittheirlittleadventurebase.However,beforetheannualvillagefair,aserioussituationarosewhenSebastianwasinformedbythekindvillagelibrarianwhohadalwaysencouragedhisreadingthatthelibrary’srareandvaluablebookswouldbesoldunlessenoughmoneycouldberaisedduringthefair.Hearingthis,Sebastianfeltextremelyworried,becausethosebookshadaccompaniedhimthroughmanyhappydays.Thomashadbeenexcitedlypreparingforthekite-flyingcompetitionformonths.Hehadmadehiskitecarefullyanddreamedofwinningfirstprize,whichmeantalottohim.Asithappened,thevillagewasalivewithexcitementonthebigday.Colourfulstandslinedthestreets,musicfilledtheair,andeveryonewasinhighspirits.Thomaswatchedthebeautifulkitesflyinghighinthebluesky,buthealsosawSebastianworkinghardatthedonationstand,enthusiasticallyaskingforsupportforthelibrary.HiseyesmovedbetweenthecolorfulkitesfloatingintheskiesandthemodestdonationstandwhereSebastianobviouslyneededhelp.注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。Thomaswastorn,caughtbetweenhispersonaldesireandthesupportforhisfriend.__________________________________________________________